Method and apparatus for generating a qubit frequency control signal, and quantum computer

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of quantum measurement and control, and discloses a quantum bit frequency control signal generation method, device and quantum computer. The quantum bit frequency control signal generation method comprises the following steps: determining a first mapping relationship between a register value sent by a central control module to an analog signal generation module and a quantum bit frequency control signal output by the analog signal generation module; determining a second mapping relationship between a control character sent by an upper computer module to the central control module and the register value sent by the central control module to the analog signal generation module based on the first mapping relationship; determining a target register value output by the central control module according to the second mapping relationship and a control character corresponding to a target voltage output by the upper computer module; and outputting a corresponding quantum bit frequency control signal according to the first mapping relationship and the target register value. The application can provide a quantum processor with a precise frequency control signal including a positive and negative range voltage signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of quantum measurement and control technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus and quantum computer for generating qubit frequency control signals. Background Technology

[0002] The quantum processor is the core component for running quantum computing. It integrates multiple qubits, and to ensure their proper functioning, multiple signal sources or generators are needed to provide each qubit with various control signals, such as frequency control signals. These frequency control signals are voltage signals, specifically voltage signals with positive and negative ranges. The voltage signals output by the voltage sources are typically positive, requiring operational amplifier circuits to invert them, thus outputting voltage signals with both positive and negative ranges to the quantum processor. Furthermore, electronic components are located after the operational amplifier circuits to process these voltage signals. Due to the influence of the operational amplifier circuits and electronic components in the signal transmission line, the consistency of the voltage signal transmitted to the quantum processor is poor, with the voltage signal near the ends exhibiting nonlinearity. This causes the voltage signal transmitted to the quantum processor to deviate from the preset target value, directly affecting the frequency control of the quantum processor.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a signal generation method or device that can accurately output positive and negative voltage signals to provide frequency control signals for quantum processors.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section of this application is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of this application, and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a method, apparatus and quantum computer for generating a qubit frequency control signal, which is used to provide a precise frequency control signal including positive and negative voltage signals for a quantum processor.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application proposes a method for generating a quantum bit frequency control signal, comprising:

[0007] A first mapping relationship is determined between the register value sent from the central control module to the analog signal generation module and the quantum bit frequency control signal output by the analog signal generation module; wherein the quantum bit frequency control signal includes voltage signals in positive and negative ranges.

[0008] Based on the first mapping relationship, a second mapping relationship is determined between the control characters sent from the host computer module to the central control module and the register values ​​sent from the central control module to the analog signal generation module;

[0009] The target register value output by the central control module is determined based on the second mapping relationship and the control character output by the host computer module corresponding to the target voltage.

[0010] Based on the first mapping relationship and the target register value, the corresponding quantum bit frequency control signal is output.

[0011] The method for generating the quantum bit frequency control signal as described above, further comprising the step of determining the first mapping relationship between the register value sent from the central control module to the analog signal generation module and the quantum bit frequency control signal output by the analog signal generation module, specifically including:

[0012] Output at least two of the register values ​​to the analog signal generation module and measure the corresponding measured voltage value output by the analog signal generation module;

[0013] The fitting line is determined based on each of the aforementioned register values ​​and the corresponding measured voltage values;

[0014] Based on the fitted line, a first correspondence between the maximum value of the register value and the maximum value of the target voltage, and a second correspondence between the minimum value of the register value and the minimum value of the target voltage are determined; wherein, the minimum value of the target voltage and the maximum value of the target voltage are determined according to the frequency of the quantum processor;

[0015] The first mapping relationship is determined based on the first correspondence and the second correspondence.

[0016] The method for generating quantum bit frequency control signals as described above, further comprising the step of determining a second mapping relationship between the control characters sent from the host computer module to the central control module and the register values ​​sent from the central control module to the analog signal generation module based on the first mapping relationship, specifically including:

[0017] Determine the maximum and minimum values ​​of the control characters sent from the host computer module to the central control module; wherein, the control characters correspond one-to-one with the target voltage;

[0018] Determine a third correspondence between the maximum value of the control character and the maximum value of the register, and a fourth correspondence between the minimum value of the control character and the minimum value of the register;

[0019] The second mapping relationship is determined based on the first mapping relationship, the third mapping relationship, and the fourth mapping relationship.

[0020] In the method for generating the quantum bit frequency control signal as described above, the second mapping relationship is further defined as a linear function.

[0021] The method for generating a quantum bit frequency control signal as described above further includes, after the step of determining the second mapping relationship based on the third and fourth correspondences, the following:

[0022] Determine the first parameter and the second parameter of the linear function; wherein the first parameter is the slope of the linear function and the second parameter is the intercept of the linear function.

[0023] In the method for generating the quantum bit frequency control signal as described above, the range of the first parameter is further determined to be [0, 1].

[0024] The method for generating the quantum bit frequency control signal as described above, further comprising the step of determining the target register value output by the central control module based on the second mapping relationship and the control character output by the host computer module corresponding to the target voltage, specifically including:

[0025] Perform a multiplication operation between the first parameter and the control character;

[0026] The result obtained after multiplication is added to the second parameter to obtain the target register value.

[0027] Another aspect of this application provides a device for generating a quantum bit frequency control signal, comprising:

[0028] A measurement module is configured to determine a first mapping relationship between the register value sent from the central control module to the analog signal generation module and the quantum bit frequency control signal output by the analog signal generation module; wherein the quantum bit frequency control signal includes a voltage signal with positive and negative ranges.

[0029] The host computer module is configured to determine a second mapping relationship between the control characters sent to the central control module and the register values ​​sent by the central control module to the analog signal generation module based on the first mapping relationship;

[0030] The central control module is configured to determine the target register value output by the central control module based on the second mapping relationship and the control character output by the host computer module corresponding to the target voltage.

[0031] The analog signal generation module is configured to output a corresponding quantum bit frequency control signal based on the first mapping relationship and the target register value.

[0032] In the quantum bit frequency control signal generation device described above, the central control module is further configured to store the second mapping relationship.

[0033] In addition to the aforementioned quantum bit frequency control signal generation device, the central control module is further configured to store a second mapping relationship corresponding to each quantum bit on the quantum processor.

[0034] In the quantum bit frequency control signal generation device described above, the second mapping relationship is a linear function, the slope of the linear function is a first parameter, the intercept of the linear function is a second parameter, and the central control module is further configured to store the first parameter and the second parameter.

[0035] The quantum bit frequency control signal generation device described above further includes a central control module comprising a multiplier unit and an adder unit.

[0036] The multiplier unit is configured to perform a multiplication operation on the first parameter and the control character;

[0037] The adder unit is configured to add the result obtained after processing by the multiplier unit to the second parameter to obtain the target register value.

[0038] The quantum bit frequency control signal generation device described above further includes an analog signal generation module comprising a digital-to-analog converter and an operational amplifier.

[0039] The digital-to-analog converter is configured to output a corresponding positive voltage signal based on the first mapping relationship and the target register value;

[0040] The operational amplifier unit is configured to process the positive voltage signal and output a qubit frequency control signal that includes a voltage signal with both positive and negative ranges.

[0041] In another aspect, this application provides a quantum computer that outputs a control signal for controlling the frequency of qubits on a quantum processor using any of the above-described methods for generating qubit frequency control signals, or includes a qubit frequency control signal generation device as described in any of the above-described methods and a quantum processor, wherein the generation device is used to provide frequency control signals for the qubits on the quantum processor.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] This application first obtains a first mapping relationship between the input register value and the output voltage measurement value of the analog signal generation module through the measurement of multiple sets of experimental data. Then, based on the first mapping relationship, a second mapping relationship is obtained between the input control character and the output register value of the central control module. The register values ​​in the first and second mapping relationships can realize the correspondence between the control character and the measured voltage. After the host computer module sends the control character corresponding to the target voltage, the analog signal generation module outputs a voltage signal consistent with the target voltage, ensuring the accuracy of the output quantum bit frequency control signal, and thus ensuring that the control effect of the quantum processor meets expectations. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method for generating a quantum bit frequency control signal according to an embodiment of this application.

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the functional modules of a quantum computer proposed in an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a process for obtaining a first mapping relationship according to an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a fitting line proposed in an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a process for obtaining a second mapping relationship according to an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 6 This is a coordinate diagram illustrating a third and fourth correspondence relationship proposed in an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a process for obtaining a target register value according to an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the functional modules of a quantum bit frequency control signal generation device proposed in an embodiment of this application.

[0052] 20 - Measurement module, 21 - Host computer module, 22 - Central control module, 23 - Analog signal generation module. Detailed Implementation

[0053] The specific embodiments of this application will be described in more detail below with reference to the schematic diagrams. The advantages and features of this application will become clearer from the following description and claims. It should be noted that the drawings are all in a very simplified form and use non-precise proportions, and are only used to facilitate and clarify the illustration of the embodiments of this application.

[0054] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0055] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0056] Most existing quantum computers employ a combination of a host computer, a quantum control system, and quantum chips to perform quantum computing tasks. Typically, the host computer receives the user's quantum computing task, processes it, and forms a quantum circuit. This quantum circuit is then mapped onto the topology of the corresponding quantum chip. The quantum circuit contains the quantum logic gates required for the task, the measurement operations for the final quantum computing result, and the timing sequence of each operation. Upon receiving this information from the quantum circuit, the quantum control system translates it into corresponding instructions to enable the relevant hardware devices to operate and complete the quantum computing task.

[0057] Generally, a quantum chip contains multiple qubits and data transmission lines. Each qubit includes a detector and a qubit device coupled to each other. The qubit device can be an artificial superconducting qubit constructed using a superconducting Josephson junction and capacitance to ground, and the detector can be a resonant cavity. The qubit device has a first control signal line and a second control signal line, and the detector coupled to the qubit device has a third control signal line. The first control signal line transmits quantum state control signals to regulate the quantum state information of the qubit device; the second control signal line transmits frequency control signals to regulate the frequency parameters of the qubit device; and the third control signal line transmits both measurement signals for reading from the detector and outputs the readback signals returned by the detector, thus achieving indirect reading and measurement of the qubit device's state. Therefore, the quantum control system used for qubit manipulation and measurement in the quantum chip needs to generate and output three control signals, respectively, to the first to third control signal lines to achieve the manipulation and measurement of the qubits in the quantum chip.

[0058] When using voltage signals to control the frequency of qubits in a quantum processor, the principle of magnetic flux modulation is typically employed. This involves converting the voltage signal into a current signal that reaches the quantum processor. The current signal generates magnetic flux; changing the voltage changes the current, which in turn changes the magnetic flux, thus altering the qubit frequency. The period of change in qubit frequency with magnetic flux is fixed, meaning the voltage period is also fixed. Using voltage signals with a wide range of positive and negative values ​​ensures the use of the smallest absolute voltage, preventing additional heat generation that could affect the entire system. Therefore, the voltage signal output from the signal source or generator providing the voltage signal to the quantum processor must include both positive and negative values.

[0059] In the field of electronics, a voltage source or signal generator is typically used to provide a positive voltage signal. An operational amplifier circuit is then placed in the signal transmission line at the output of the voltage source to reverse the positive voltage signal, thereby outputting a voltage signal with both positive and negative ranges to the quantum processor. Furthermore, electronic components for processing the positive and negative voltage signals are incorporated into the signal transmission circuit between the operational amplifier circuit and the quantum processor. Due to the influence of the operational amplifier circuit and electronic components in the signal transmission line, the voltage signal transmitted to the quantum processor exhibits non-linearity. This causes a deviation between the voltage signal transmitted to the quantum processor and the preset target value. For example, if the required target voltage signal is +1V, the actual measured voltage output to the quantum processor may be +1.1V, directly affecting the frequency control of the quantum processor.

[0060] Based on the above findings, in order to ensure that the values ​​of the voltage signals transmitted to the quantum processor in both positive and negative ranges are the same as the preset target values, this application provides a voltage signal generation method, please refer to... Figure 1 This includes the following steps:

[0061] Step S10: Determine the first mapping relationship between the register value sent by the central control module to the analog signal generation module and the quantum bit frequency control signal output by the analog signal generation module; wherein the quantum bit frequency control signal includes voltage signals in positive and negative ranges.

[0062] Combined with appendix Figure 2The schematic diagram of the quantum computer's functional modules shown includes a host computer module 21, a central control module 22, and an analog signal generation module 23. The host computer module 21 receives quantum computing tasks and sends task instructions and parameters to the central control module 22. The central control module 22 processes the task instructions and parameters and outputs specific signal parameters to the analog signal generation module 23. The analog signal generation module 23 outputs specific control signals based on the received signal parameters. It should be noted that the data formats transmitted between the host computer module 21, the central control module 22, and the analog signal generation module 23 are different. For example, the task instructions and parameters sent from the host computer module 21 to the central control module 22 are in control character format, such as binary or decimal control characters; while the signal parameters sent from the central control module 22 to the analog signal generation module 23 are register values. The analog signal generation module 23 outputs the corresponding control signals based on the register values. Furthermore, [the following is a separate section:] Figure 2 The number of each functional module is only an example and may include multiple modules. The analog signal generation module 23 may also include multiple output channels, each of which can output a quantum bit frequency control signal.

[0063] In summary, for the host computer module 21, each target voltage corresponds to a control character, and the control character is sent to the central control module 22 according to the target voltage. For the central control module 22, the control character is the input information, and the register value is the output information; a conversion is performed between the input and output information. For the analog signal generation module 23, the register value is the input information, and the voltage value is the output information; a conversion is also performed between the input and output signals. Through these two conversions, the correspondence between the target voltage, control character, register value, and output voltage is achieved. In practical applications, due to the influence of electronic components in the analog signal generation module 23, the output voltage deviates from the target voltage, causing a deviation in the correspondence. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the output voltage of the analog signal generation module 23 and re-determine the correspondence.

[0064] Specifically, the analog signal generation module 23 directly outputs a qubit frequency control signal containing a voltage signal with positive and negative ranges. The parameters of the output voltage signal are determined by the register values ​​input to the analog signal generation module 23. This can be understood as the analog signal generation module 23 storing several register values, each corresponding to a voltage signal parameter. These register values ​​are sent to the analog signal generation module 23 by the central control module 22. Therefore, a first mapping relationship between the register values ​​sent from the central control module 22 to the analog signal generation module 23 and the qubit frequency control signal output by the analog signal generation module 23 can be determined through specific tests. For example, the central control module 22 outputs a register value to the analog signal generation module 23, and the voltage value of the voltage signal output by the analog signal generation module 23 is obtained through testing. This yields a set of corresponding data between register values ​​and measured voltage values. Performing multiple tests yields multiple sets of corresponding data between register values ​​and measured voltage values; this correspondence is the first mapping relationship. Furthermore, the analog signal generation module 23 has multiple output channels, each used to output a qubit frequency control signal. For each output channel, a test is required to determine the first mapping relationship.

[0065] It should be added that the first mapping relationship is a correspondence determined through actual testing. The voltage error caused by the influence of electronic components in the analog signal generation module 23 is also reflected in the correspondence. Based on the first mapping relationship obtained by measurement, the measured voltage value can be made to reach the target voltage by adjusting the register value.

[0066] Step S20: Based on the first mapping relationship, determine the second mapping relationship between the control characters sent from the host computer module to the central control module and the register values ​​sent from the central control module to the analog signal generation module.

[0067] After determining the first mapping relationship between the input and output of the analog signal generation module 23, the register value to be input to the analog signal generation module 23 can be determined based on the voltage value of the qubit frequency control signal to be output each time. Furthermore, the register value corresponding to the voltage value of the qubit frequency control signal is output from the central control module 22 to the analog signal generation module 23 and determined by the control character sent from the host computer module 21 to the central control module 22; that is, there is also a correspondence between the control character and the register value. Based on the first mapping relationship between the register value and the measured voltage value, a second mapping relationship between the control character and the register value is determined. Each output channel of the analog signal generation module 23 corresponds to a first mapping relationship; therefore, each output channel also corresponds to a second mapping relationship, and the first and second mapping relationships of each output channel are also corresponding.

[0068] Step S30: Determine the target register value output by the central control module based on the second mapping relationship and the control character output by the host computer module corresponding to the target voltage;

[0069] Step S40: Output the corresponding quantum bit frequency control signal according to the second mapping relationship and the target register value.

[0070] As described above, the second mapping relationship is the correspondence between control characters and register values. After the host computer module determines the target voltage to be output to the quantum processor based on the quantum computing task, it outputs the control character corresponding to the target voltage to the central control module 22. The central control module 22 can determine the target register value to be output to the analog signal generation module 23 based on the control character and the second mapping relationship. The analog signal generation module 23 outputs the corresponding qubit frequency control signal according to the first mapping relationship and the target register value, so that the voltage value of the qubit frequency control signal is consistent with the target voltage.

[0071] This application first obtains a first mapping relationship between the input register value and the output voltage measurement value of the analog signal generation module through the measurement of multiple sets of experimental data. Then, based on the first mapping relationship, a second mapping relationship is obtained between the input control character and the output register value of the central control module. The register values ​​in the first and second mapping relationships can realize the correspondence between the control character and the measured voltage. After the host computer module sends the control character corresponding to the target voltage, the analog signal generation module outputs a voltage signal consistent with the target voltage, ensuring the accuracy of the output quantum bit frequency control signal, and thus ensuring that the control effect of the quantum processor meets expectations.

[0072] As attached Figure 3 As shown, when obtaining the first mapping relationship through multiple sets of tests, the step of determining the first mapping relationship between the register value sent by the central control module to the analog signal generation module and the quantum bit frequency control signal output by the analog signal generation module specifically includes the following steps:

[0073] S110: Output at least two of the register values ​​to the analog signal generation module and measure the corresponding measured voltage value output by the analog signal generation module.

[0074] During specific testing, the central control module 22 outputs a register value to the analog signal generation module 23. The voltage value of the voltage signal output by the analog signal generation module 23 is obtained through testing, resulting in a set of corresponding data between the register values ​​and the measured voltage values. By performing multiple tests, multiple sets of corresponding data between the register values ​​and the measured voltage values ​​can be obtained. Through specific testing, the voltage error caused by the influence of electronic components in the analog signal generation module 23 can be determined.

[0075] S120: Determine the fitting line based on each of the register values ​​and the corresponding measured voltage values.

[0076] As attached Figure 4 The coordinates and fitting line shown are as follows: the horizontal axis represents the register values, and the vertical axis represents the measured voltage values. The straight lines in the coordinate system are fitted to the corresponding data of multiple sets of register values ​​and measured voltage values ​​obtained from specific tests; that is, each register value corresponds to an output voltage. It should be noted that the fitting line can include a straight line or a curve, depending on the characteristics of the electronic components in the analog signal generation module 23. In this implementation, the fitting line is a straight line, which can be represented by a linear function: V out = p1*R + p2. Where, V out The value represents the measured voltage, R represents the register value, p1 represents the slope of the fitted line, and p2 represents the intercept of the fitted line.

[0077] S130: Based on the fitted line, determine a first correspondence between the maximum value of the register value and the maximum value of the target voltage, and a second correspondence between the minimum value of the register value and the minimum value of the target voltage. The minimum and maximum target voltage values ​​are determined based on the frequency of the quantum processor.

[0078] Continue as attached Figure 4 As shown, when controlling the frequency of a quantum processor, the frequency of the quantum processor can be determined according to the control requirements of the quantum computing task, thereby determining the maximum and minimum target voltage values ​​for controlling the quantum processor frequency. Then, based on the fitted straight line, the maximum register value corresponding to the maximum target voltage and the minimum register value corresponding to the minimum target voltage are determined. The maximum register value is represented by R. max The minimum value of the register is represented by R. min The maximum value of the target voltage is represented by V. max The minimum target voltage is represented by V. min This indicates that the first correspondence is determined to be R. max =floor((V max -p2) / p1), determine the second correspondence as R min =floor((V min -p2) / p1). Here, floor indicates that the host computer module 21 performs a rounding operation when calculating parameters to ensure that the calculated value is an integer for easy transmission.

[0079] S140: Determine the first mapping relationship based on the first correspondence relationship and the second correspondence relationship.

[0080] Continue as attached Figure 4As shown, the first correspondence between the maximum value of the register and the maximum value of the target voltage, and the second correspondence between the minimum value of the register and the minimum value of the target voltage, are determined in the fitted straight line. This allows us to determine the first mapping relationship between the register value and the output voltage of the analog signal generation module 23, i.e., [R...]. min R max ] and [V min V max The register value corresponding to each target voltage can be determined through the first mapping relationship.

[0081] As attached Figure 5 As shown, the step of determining the second mapping relationship between the control characters sent from the host computer module to the central control module and the register values ​​sent from the central control module to the analog signal generation module based on the first mapping relationship specifically includes the following steps:

[0082] S210: Determine the maximum and minimum values ​​of the control characters sent from the host computer module to the central control module; wherein, the control characters correspond one-to-one with the target voltage. In the host computer module 21, each target voltage has a corresponding control character, and the maximum and minimum values ​​of the corresponding control characters are sent to the central control module 22 according to the maximum and minimum values ​​of the target voltage. It should be noted that the target voltage represented by the control characters in the host computer module 21 is fixed, that is, for all analog signal generation modules 23 and all channels of the analog signal generation module 23, the target voltage and the control characters are determined and consistent.

[0083] S220: Determine the third correspondence between the maximum value of the control character and the maximum value of the register, and the fourth correspondence between the minimum value of the control character and the minimum value of the register. When the vertical sampling rate of the analog signal generation module is different, the host computer module 21 uses control characters in different bases. For example, when the vertical sampling rate of the analog signal generation module is 16 bits, the control characters in the host computer module 21 are represented in hexadecimal, with the minimum value of the control character represented by 0000 and the maximum value represented by FFFF. When the host computer module 21 outputs 0000 to the central control module 22, it indicates that the analog signal generation module 23 needs to output the minimum target voltage value V. min Correspondingly, the central control module 22 needs to send the minimum value R of the register corresponding to the minimum target voltage value. min That is, to determine the minimum value R between the control character 0000 and the register value. min The fourth correspondence; when the host computer module 21 outputs FFFF to the central control module 22, it indicates that the analog signal generation module 23 needs to output the maximum target voltage value V. max Correspondingly, the central control module 22 needs to send the maximum value R of the register corresponding to the maximum target voltage value.max That is, determining the maximum value R of the control character FFFF and the register value. max The third correspondence.

[0084] S230: Determine the second mapping relationship based on the first mapping relationship, the third correspondence relationship, and the fourth correspondence relationship.

[0085] After determining the third correspondence between the maximum value of the control character and the maximum value of the register, and the fourth correspondence between the minimum value of the control character and the minimum value of the register, and combining this with the maximum and minimum values ​​of the register determined in the first mapping relationship, the second mapping relationship between the control character and the register value can be determined. When the central control module 22 receives the control character sent by the host computer module 21, it outputs the corresponding register value to the analog signal generation module 23 according to the second mapping relationship.

[0086] As attached Figure 6 As shown in the third and fourth correspondences described in step 220, it can be seen that the control characters and register values ​​can also be represented by linear functions, similar to the first and second relationships. Represented by coordinate axes, the horizontal axis represents register values, and the vertical axis represents control characters. Each correspondence between a control character and a register value can be represented by a linear function. (See attached...) Figure 4 and attached Figure 6 As shown, the minimum value of the control character corresponds to the minimum target voltage, and the maximum value of the control character corresponds to the maximum target voltage.

[0087] After representing the second mapping relationship between control characters and register values ​​using a linear function, following the step of determining the second mapping relationship based on the third and fourth correspondences, the method further includes: determining a first parameter and a second parameter of the linear function; wherein the first parameter is the slope of the linear function, and the second parameter is the intercept of the linear function. Specifically, the linear function is represented as: R out =R in *k+b; where R in That is, the control characters sent from the host computer module 21 to the central control module 22 have a range of [0000, FFFF]; R out That is, the register value output by the central control module 22 to the analog signal generation module 23, the range of which is [R min R max k is the first parameter, and b is the second parameter. By determining and storing the first parameter k and the second parameter b, the central control module 22 will then use the control character R sent by the host computer module 21 each time it receives the control character R. in Then, the register value can be directly output based on the determined first and second parameters.

[0088] Furthermore, the linear function is fitted using the third and fourth correspondences, yielding k = (R max -R min ) / (FFFF-0000), b=R min Among them, the maximum value of the register is R. max and the minimum value of the register R min It can be obtained through the first mapping relationship.

[0089] As attached Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the first parameter is the slope of a linear function, which can be understood as the tangent of the ratio of the control character to the register value. The range of the first parameter is determined to be [0, +1], ensuring that the target voltage corresponding to the register value output by the central control module 22 is within the voltage range set by the host computer module 21. Furthermore, the value of the first parameter is processed into a 16-bit signed integer to facilitate the storage and distribution of the first parameter value. Specifically, [0, +1] is processed into [0, 2...]. 15 -1].

[0090] As attached Figure 7 As shown, after determining the second mapping relationship, the step of determining the target register value output by the central control module based on the second mapping relationship and the control character output by the host computer module corresponding to the target voltage specifically includes the following steps:

[0091] Step S310: Perform a multiplication operation on the first parameter and the control character.

[0092] Step S320: Add the result obtained after multiplication to the second parameter to obtain the target register value.

[0093] Combining the first and second parameters of the linear function corresponding to the second mapping relationship, the first parameter is first multiplied with the control character. The result of this multiplication is then added to the second parameter to obtain the target register value. Specifically, the control character is multiplied by the two's complement of the quantized first parameter, and the result is shifted left by 15 bits to obtain the lower 16 bits as the result of the multiplication. The lower 16 bits of the result of the addition are also used as the actual output, i.e., the target register value.

[0094] As attached Figure 8As shown, based on the same application concept, this application embodiment also provides a qubit frequency control signal generation device, including: a measurement module 20, configured to determine a first mapping relationship between a register value sent by a central control module 22 to an analog signal generation module 23 and a qubit frequency control signal output by the analog signal generation module 23; wherein the qubit frequency control signal includes a voltage signal with positive and negative ranges. A host computer module 21, configured to determine a second mapping relationship between a control character sent to the central control module 22 and a register value sent by the central control module 22 to the analog signal generation module 23 based on the first mapping relationship. The central control module 22 is configured to determine a target register value output by the central control module 22 based on the second mapping relationship and a control character output by the host computer module 21 corresponding to a target voltage. The analog signal generation module 23 is configured to output a corresponding qubit frequency control signal based on the first mapping relationship and the target register value.

[0095] Specifically, the measurement module 20 may include measurement devices such as voltmeters, spectrum analyzers, and oscilloscopes for measuring voltage signals; the host computer module 21 may include functional modules or functional software integrated in the host computer module; the central control module 22 may include programmable control modules such as FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), MCU (Microcontroller Unit), MPU (Microprocessor Unit), or DSP (Digital Signal Processor); and the analog signal generation module 23 includes combined modules such as DAC, operational amplifier circuits, and filters.

[0096] The second mapping relationship determined by the host computer module 21 can be stored in multiple locations, such as the host computer module 21 and the central control module 22. In this embodiment, the central control module 22 is also configured to store the second mapping relationship. By storing the second mapping relationship in the central control module 22, and storing the second mapping relationship of each output channel of the analog signal generation module 23 in the central control module 22, it is ensured that the central control module 22 receives the control characters and task parameters sent by the host computer module 21, and sends them to the corresponding data processing module according to the task requirements; this avoids the need for the host computer module 21 to send the second mapping relationship every time it sends task parameters, and also avoids the need to reconfigure the task parameters when the connection interface between the central control module 22 or the analog signal generation module 23 and the host computer module 21 is changed.

[0097] In some embodiments of this application, the quantum processor integrates multiple qubits, and each qubit requires an output channel of the analog signal generation module 23 to provide a frequency control signal when it is working. Therefore, the central control module 22 is also configured to store a second mapping relationship corresponding to each qubit on the quantum processor. When the central control module 22 receives task parameters and control characters from the host computer module 21, it directly retrieves the corresponding second mapping relationship according to the qubit number in the task parameters, and outputs the corresponding qubit frequency control signal according to the control character.

[0098] In some embodiments of this application, the second mapping relationship is a linear function, the slope of the linear function is a first parameter, the intercept of the linear function is a second parameter, and the central control module is further configured to store the first parameter and the second parameter.

[0099] In some embodiments of this application, the central control module 22 may include a multiplier unit and an adder unit; the multiplier unit is configured to multiply the first parameter and the control character; the adder unit is configured to add the result obtained after processing by the multiplier unit to the second parameter to obtain the target register value. The central control module 22 is preferably an FPGA, and the multiplier unit and adder unit are configured within the FPGA to process the control character according to a linear function of the second mapping relationship and output the corresponding target register value.

[0100] In practical implementation, the multiplier unit can be an unsigned multiplier of a signed number, and the result of multiplying the first parameter and the control character is shifted left by 15 bits to obtain the lower 16 bits as the calculation result. The adder unit can be an unsigned adder of a signed number, and the lower 16 bits of the addition result are taken as the actual output value, i.e., the target register value.

[0101] In some embodiments of this application, the analog signal generation module 23 includes a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) unit and an operational amplifier unit. The DAC unit is configured to output a corresponding positive voltage signal based on the first mapping relationship and the target register value. The operational amplifier unit is configured to process the positive voltage signal and output a qubit frequency control signal that includes a voltage signal with positive and negative ranges. A combined circuit of the DAC unit and the operational amplifier unit outputs a voltage signal with positive and negative ranges.

[0102] Based on the same concept, embodiments of this application also provide a quantum computer that outputs a control signal for controlling the frequency of qubits on a quantum processor using any of the qubit frequency control signal generation methods described in any one of the claims. The computer includes a qubit frequency control signal generation device described in any one of the claims and a quantum processor. The device is used to provide frequency control signals for the qubits on the quantum processor.

[0103] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," or "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0104] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and do not constitute any limitation on this application. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions and content disclosed in this application without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of this application shall still fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for generating a quantum bit frequency control signal, characterized in that, include: A first mapping relationship is determined between the register value sent from the central control module to the analog signal generation module and the quantum bit frequency control signal output by the analog signal generation module; wherein the quantum bit frequency control signal includes voltage signals in positive and negative ranges. Determine the maximum and minimum values ​​of the control characters sent from the host computer module to the central control module; wherein, the control characters correspond one-to-one with the target voltage; Determine a third correspondence between the maximum value of the control character and the maximum value of the register, and a fourth correspondence between the minimum value of the control character and the minimum value of the register; A second mapping relationship between control characters and register values ​​is determined based on the first mapping relationship, the third correspondence relationship, and the fourth correspondence relationship; The target register value output by the central control module is determined based on the second mapping relationship and the control character output by the host computer module corresponding to the target voltage. Based on the first mapping relationship and the target register value, the corresponding quantum bit frequency control signal is output.

2. The method for generating a quantum bit frequency control signal as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the first mapping relationship between the register value sent from the central control module to the analog signal generation module and the quantum bit frequency control signal output by the analog signal generation module specifically includes: Output at least two of the register values ​​to the analog signal generation module and measure the corresponding measured voltage value output by the analog signal generation module; The fitting line is determined based on each of the aforementioned register values ​​and the corresponding measured voltage values; Based on the fitted line, a first correspondence between the maximum value of the register value and the maximum value of the target voltage, and a second correspondence between the minimum value of the register value and the minimum value of the target voltage are determined; wherein, the minimum value of the target voltage and the maximum value of the target voltage are determined according to the frequency of the quantum processor; The first mapping relationship is determined based on the first correspondence and the second correspondence.

3. The method for generating a quantum bit frequency control signal as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The second mapping relationship is determined to be a linear function.

4. The method for generating a quantum bit frequency control signal as described in claim 3, characterized in that, After the step of determining the second mapping relationship based on the third and fourth correspondences, the method further includes: Determine the first parameter and the second parameter of the linear function; wherein the first parameter is the slope of the linear function and the second parameter is the intercept of the linear function.

5. The method for generating a quantum bit frequency control signal as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The range of the first parameter is determined to be [0, 1].

6. The method for generating a quantum bit frequency control signal as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The step of determining the target register value output by the central control module based on the second mapping relationship and the control character output by the host computer module corresponding to the target voltage specifically includes: Perform a multiplication operation between the first parameter and the control character; The result obtained after multiplication is added to the second parameter to obtain the target register value.

7. A device for generating a quantum bit frequency control signal, characterized in that, include: A measurement module is configured to determine a first mapping relationship between the register value sent from the central control module to the analog signal generation module and the quantum bit frequency control signal output by the analog signal generation module; wherein the quantum bit frequency control signal includes a voltage signal with positive and negative ranges. The host computer module is configured to determine the maximum and minimum values ​​of control characters sent from the host computer module to the central control module, determine a third correspondence between the maximum value of the control character and the maximum value of the register, and a fourth correspondence between the minimum value of the control character and the minimum value of the register, and determine a second mapping relationship between the control character and the register value based on the first mapping relationship, the third correspondence relationship, and the fourth correspondence relationship; wherein, the control character corresponds one-to-one with the target voltage; The central control module is configured to determine the target register value output by the central control module based on the second mapping relationship and the control character output by the host computer module corresponding to the target voltage. The analog signal generation module is configured to output a corresponding quantum bit frequency control signal based on the first mapping relationship and the target register value.

8. The apparatus for generating a quantum bit frequency control signal as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The central control module is also configured to store the second mapping relationship.

9. The apparatus for generating a quantum bit frequency control signal as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The central control module is also configured to store a second mapping relationship corresponding to each qubit on the quantum processor.

10. The apparatus for generating a quantum bit frequency control signal as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The second mapping relationship is a linear function, the slope of the linear function is the first parameter, the intercept of the linear function is the second parameter, and the central control module is also configured to store the first parameter and the second parameter.

11. The apparatus for generating a quantum bit frequency control signal as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The central control module includes a multiplier unit and an adder unit; The multiplier unit is configured to perform a multiplication operation on the first parameter and the control character; The adder unit is configured to add the result obtained after processing by the multiplier unit to the second parameter to obtain the target register value.

12. The apparatus for generating a quantum bit frequency control signal as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The analog signal generation module includes a digital-to-analog converter and an operational amplifier; The digital-to-analog converter is configured to output a corresponding positive voltage signal based on the first mapping relationship and the target register value; The operational amplifier unit is configured to process the positive voltage signal and output a qubit frequency control signal that includes a voltage signal with both positive and negative ranges.

13. A quantum computer, characterized in that, The method for generating a qubit frequency control signal as described in any one of claims 1-6 outputs a control signal for controlling the frequency of qubits on a quantum processor, or includes a qubit frequency control signal generation device as described in any one of claims 7-12 and a quantum processor, wherein the generation device is used to provide a frequency control signal for the qubits on the quantum processor.

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