Konjac artificial hybridization method

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of plant breeding, in particular to a konjac artificial hybridization method. The present application achieves the effects of meeting in flowering period and improving pollination and seed setting rate by inhibiting the flowering plants in early stage, and treating the flowering plants in late stage with temperature, light and stamen light avoidance, breaking the dormancy of non-flowering plants, inducing flower bud, regulating temperature, humidity, light, increasing accumulation temperature and inducing treatment; at the same time, increasing temperature and light supplement and using adhesion pollination method. The method can not only quickly and effectively screen and preserve excellent flower konjac single plant, but also avoid the influence of adverse factors such as excessive growth of flower bud, appearance of aging bud, flower bud malformation or anther abortion after flowering; in addition, the method can also quickly identify and screen excellent white konjac single plant, accurately realize meeting in flowering period with flower konjac through inducing and regulating white konjac, and white konjac flower bud normally releases pollen, without malformation flower or anther abortion or no pollen release, etc., which improves the survival rate and hybridization success rate of flower konjac and white konjac.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant breeding, and in particular to a method for artificial hybridization of konjac. Background Technology

[0002] Konjac, a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Amorphophallus in the family Araceae, is the only plant discovered in nature to date that is rich in glucomannan. Glucomannan possesses characteristics such as gelling, binding, film-forming, solubility, thickening, and water retention, and is widely used in food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and environmental protection fields. Konjac germplasm resources are abundant, with approximately 170 species worldwide, 21 of which are endemic to my country. The main cultivated varieties in my country are Amorphophallus konjac, Amorphophallus spp., and Amorphophallus bulbiferus, and most of these are local populations with inconsistent varietal characteristics. Furthermore, the majority of konjac-producing areas in China still rely on unimproved, primitive varieties rather than truly cultivated ones.

[0003] Amorphophallus konjac and Amorphophallus konjac are the two most widely cultivated and developed konjac varieties in China. There are reports on hybridization between these two to breed superior hybrid konjac varieties. Currently, most methods involve selecting individual plants or lines from large populations of different varieties whose flowering times coincide for hybridization. However, it is difficult to determine whether Amorphophallus konjac is flowering in the early stages, resulting in fewer selected flowering plants. This significantly limits the industrialized hybridization or seed production of Amorphophallus konjac and Amorphophallus konjac, and also makes it difficult to achieve timely and effective hybridization of some specific flowering individual plants or lines. In particular, if selected individual plants or lines flower in the same year, but there are no suitable flowering plants for pollination and hybridization, the hybridization of selected individual plants will ultimately fail due to factors such as flowering sterility, untimely pollination, and low pollen viability. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new hybridization method to improve the pollination rate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for artificial hybridization of konjac to solve the problems existing in the prior art. The method of this invention can delay the flowering time of Amorphophallus konjac by 20-30 days and induce Amorphophallus truncata to flower 10-15 days earlier, ensuring that the flowering periods of Amorphophallus truncata and Amorphophallus konjac coincide, thereby improving the pollination rate.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0006] This invention provides a method for artificial hybridization of konjac, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Processing of Amorphophallus konjac

[0008] 1.1) Flowering Amorphophallus konjac plants are collected in October or November of the same year and stored at low temperature; the terminal bud of the flowering Amorphophallus konjac plants is 0.5-1 cm in length;

[0009] 1.2) From late December of the current year to mid-January of the following year, the Amorphophallus konjac collected in step 1.1) is screened to obtain screened Amorphophallus konjac. The screening criteria are: retain Amorphophallus konjac with smooth skin, shallow bud sockets, full terminal buds, no disease spots or insect eyes, thick skin, 8-10 rhizomes, rhizome length between 10-15cm, glucomannan content >45%, and resistance to browning.

[0010] 1.3) After treating the buds and terminal buds of the selected Amorphophallus konjac with a drop-coating agent using a flower bud inhibitor, the flowers are dried and preserved to obtain a flower Amorphophallus konjac after drop-coating treatment; the flower bud inhibitor includes quinacrine and ABA; the drop-coating treatment is performed 5-6 times;

[0011] 1.4) From late January to late March of the following year, the flowering konjac after the dripping treatment was subjected to cold storage, dripping treatment and sun drying treatment in sequence to obtain the regulated flowering konjac; the growth regulating solution used in the dripping treatment included 2,4-D and paclobutrazol;

[0012] 1.5) In April of the following year, the regulated Amorphophallus konjac was dried and cultured to obtain Amorphophallus konjac that began to grow spathes; the culture temperature was 16-18℃, the humidity was 40%-50%, and the light intensity was 3000-4000 LX.

[0013] (2) White Konjac Processing

[0014] 2.1) The white konjac was subjected to cold and heat treatment from late October to mid-November of the same year, and then soaked in water from late November to early December of the same year to obtain pretreated white konjac. The cold and heat treatment included cold treatment and heat treatment. The temperature of the cold treatment was 4°C, and the time was 5-7 days. The temperature of the heat treatment was 28-30°C, and the time was 5-7 days. The humidity was 60%-70%, the light intensity was 8000-12000 LX, and the light exposure time was 8 hours. One cold treatment and one heat treatment constituted one cycle, and a total of two cycles were performed. The dormancy-breaking agents used in the soaking treatment included thiourea, ZT, TDZ, and TAA.

[0015] 2.2) In mid-to-late December of the same year, the pretreated white konjac was sown and flowering white konjac was selected to obtain flowering white konjac; the selection criteria were: white konjac with terminal bud length >1.0cm was retained;

[0016] 2.3) In late January to mid-February of the following year, flower buds of the flowering white konjac were induced using an induction solution to obtain induced white konjac; the induction solution included GA3, 6-BA and brassinolide;

[0017] 2.4) The induced white konjac is subjected to an accumulated temperature treatment to obtain white konjac with accumulated temperature treatment; the temperature of the accumulated temperature treatment is 22-25℃ and the time is 27-35 days.

[0018] 2.5) From late March to early May of the following year, the growth environment of the white konjac after the accumulated temperature treatment was regulated to obtain white konjac ready to flower; the temperature of the growth environment was 18-22℃, the humidity was 30%-40%, the light intensity was 4000-5000LX, and the light duration was 8h.

[0019] (3) Pollination treatment

[0020] 3.1) In early to mid-May, the pollen shedding period of the stamens of the Amorphophallus konjac that has begun to grow spathe and the Amorphophallus konjac that is about to bloom is regulated, pruned, induced, and pollinated; the biological hormone solution used for induction includes 6-BA, KT, and IBA;

[0021] 3.2) After the stamens are removed, the pollen of the flower konjac is used to pollinate the mature white konjac pistil.

[0022] Preferably, in step 3.2), the pollination device used during pollination includes a handle 1, a connecting rod 4 is movably connected to one end of the handle 1, a first arc plate 5 is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod 4 away from the handle 1, arc length adjustment components are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first arc plate 5, a length adjustment component for adjusting the length of the connecting rod 4 is installed on the handle 1, and an arc adjustment component is installed at the end of the handle 1 away from the connecting rod 4, the arc adjustment component being used to adjust the arc of the first arc plate 5.

[0023] Preferably, in step 1.3), the concentration of quinacrine in the flower bud inhibitor is 0.2 wt.%-0.3 wt.%, and the concentration of ABA is 0.001 wt.%-0.002 wt.%.

[0024] Preferably, in step 1.4), the refrigeration treatment temperature is 4-6℃ and the humidity is 30%-40%;

[0025] The concentration of 2,4-D in the growth regulating solution is 0.0005 wt.% to 0.001 wt.%, and the concentration of paclobutrazol is 0.15 wt.% to 0.25 wt.%.

[0026] Preferably, in step 2.1), the concentration of thiourea in the sedative is 0.0015 wt.%-0.0025 wt.%, the concentration of ZT is 0.001 wt.%-0.002 wt.%, the concentration of TDZ is 0.0002 wt.%-0.0004 wt.%, and the concentration of IAA is 0.0001 wt.%-0.0002 wt.%.

[0027] Preferably, in step 2.3), the concentration of GA3 in the induction solution is 0.002 wt.%-0.004 wt.%, the concentration of 6-BA is 0.001 wt.%-0.002 wt.%, and the concentration of brassinolide is 0.005 wt.%-0.01 wt.%.

[0028] Preferably, in step 3.1), the concentration of 6-BA in the biological hormone solution is 0.0002%-0.0004%, the concentration of KT is 0.00005%-0.0001%, and the concentration of IBA is 0.0001%-0.0002%.

[0029] Preferably, in step 3.1), the regulation includes method one or method two;

[0030] Method 1 involves opening the greenhouse shading net when the weather is sunny, the temperature is >25℃, and the light intensity is >6000X, and controlling the indoor humidity at 75%-85%.

[0031] Method 2 refers to continuous rainy weather or cloudy and cool weather, in which case the supplemental lights and blowers are turned on to supplement the light and increase the temperature, controlling the light intensity to be >4000LX, the light duration to be 8 hours, the temperature to be 28-32℃, and the humidity to be 75%-85%.

[0032] This invention provides a pollination device for implementing the pollination steps described above. It includes a handle 1, with a connecting rod 4 movably connected to one end of the handle 1. A first arc-shaped plate 5 is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod 4 away from the handle 1. Arc length adjustment components are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first arc-shaped plate 5. A length adjustment component for adjusting the length of the connecting rod 4 is installed on the handle 1. An arc degree adjustment component is installed at the end of the handle 1 away from the connecting rod 4, and the arc degree adjustment component is used to adjust the arc degree of the first arc-shaped plate 5.

[0033] Preferably, the arc length adjustment assembly includes a second arc plate 6 slidably disposed on both sides of the first arc plate 5. The second arc plate 6 slides along the arc length direction of the first arc plate 5. A limiting groove 8 is fixedly connected to the second arc plate 6. An arc rack 7 is fixedly connected to the first arc plate 5. The arc rack 7 is slidably connected in the limiting groove 8. A gear 10 is rotatably connected to the outside of the limiting groove 8. The gear 10 meshes with the arc rack 7. A second worm gear 11 is shaft-connected to the gear 10. The second worm gear 11 meshes with an arc length adjustment bolt 9. The arc length adjustment bolt 9 is rotatably connected to the limiting groove 8. The arc length adjustment bolts 9 on the two second arc plates 6 are symmetrically arranged.

[0034] The length adjustment assembly includes a spacing adjustment bolt 3 rotatably connected to the handle 1, and the spacing adjustment bolt 3 is coaxial with the connecting rod 4 and threadedly engaged.

[0035] The curvature adjustment assembly includes two second threading channels 401 formed in the connecting rod 4. The handle 1 has a first threading channel 101 and two threading openings 102. The two threading openings 102 are connected to one end of the first threading channel 101. One end of a rope is fixedly connected to the second arc plate 6. One rope passes through one of the second threading channels 401, one of the threading openings 102, and the first threading channel 101 in sequence and is connected to the curvature adjustment part. The other rope passes through the other second threading channel 401, the other threading opening 102, and the first threading channel 101 in sequence and is connected to the curvature adjustment part.

[0036] The arc adjustment part includes an arc adjustment bolt 2 rotatably connected to the handle 1. The arc adjustment bolt 2 engages with a first worm gear 201. The rope is fixedly connected to the shaft of the first worm gear 201. The first worm gear 201 is rotatably connected inside the handle 1.

[0037] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0038] This invention optimizes the most common and problematic aspect of hybridization between white konjac and flowering konjac, namely, selecting flowering konjac plants or lines that flower in the same year, while selecting white konjac plants or lines that do not flower or only partially flower in the same year, thus innovating artificial hybridization methods and approaches. Furthermore, this invention achieves flowering coincidence and improves pollination and fruit set rates by suppressing flowering plants in the early stages and by controlling temperature, light, and stamen light exposure in the later stages; and by breaking dormancy, inducing flower buds, regulating temperature, humidity, and light, and increasing temperature and induction in non-flowering plants, as well as by supplementing temperature and light and employing adhesion pollination methods as needed. The method provided by this invention not only enables rapid and effective screening and preservation of superior flowering Amorphophallus konjac plants, but also avoids adverse effects such as excessive flower bud growth, aging buds, deformed flower buds, or stamen abortion after flowering. Furthermore, this invention can rapidly identify and screen superior Amorphophallus konjac plants. By precisely controlling the induction of Amorphophallus konjac to coincide with the flowering period of Amorphophallus konjac, and ensuring normal pollen shedding of Amorphophallus konjac flower buds without deformed flowers, stamen abortion, or failure to shedding pollen, this greatly improves the survival rate and hybridization success rate of superior Amorphophallus konjac and Amorphophallus konjac plants. Moreover, Amorphophallus konjac has relatively few flowering plants, resulting in lower pollen and seed production. The method described in this invention can increase the number of flowering plants in Amorphophallus konjac, leading to a greater harvest of hybrid varieties.

[0039] This invention also provides a pollination device, shaped like a manual razor, with an inward-facing semi-cylindrical arc-shaped coating surface. The handle allows adjustment of the coating surface's curvature to accommodate the thickness of the pistil. Small nuts at both ends of the coating surface allow for clockwise or counterclockwise rotation to adjust its length to fit the pistil's length. The coating surface is a smooth, small plastic plate. First, the length of the coating surface is adjusted according to the pistil's length. Then, a thin layer of low-adhesion solid glue or rice glue is applied to it to evenly coat the pollen. Next, the curvature of the coating surface is adjusted according to the pistil's thickness. After adjustment, the coating surface is gently brought close to the pistil's stigma. The directional locking clip at the head of the coating surface is then released, and the head of the coating surface is rotated clockwise or counterclockwise to apply pollen back and forth, achieving even pollination. Conventional pollination methods include applying pollen with a small brush, spraying with a pollination gun, or directly applying it with your fingers. The biggest problem with these methods is that they waste pollen and result in uneven application. In some areas, the spaces between the anthers become filled with pollen due to excessive pollen, which, combined with high humidity, easily leads to mold and insect infestation. The pollinator provided by this invention effectively avoids these problems. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 The spathe of Amorphophallus konjac; where A and B are both spathes of Amorphophallus konjac.

[0042] Figure 2 The images are of the flowering Amorphophallus titanum; where A is an image of the Amorphophallus titanum about to bloom, and B is an image of the Amorphophallus titanum in full bloom.

[0043] Figure 3 The terminal bud of a flowering plant of Amorphophallus konjac;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the Amorphophallus konjac berry; where A and C represent Amorphophallus konjac berries.

[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a white konjac berry; where A and C represent white konjac berries.

[0046] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the pollination device of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of A in the middle;

[0048] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the pollination device of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 9 This is a perspective view of the handle structure of the pollination device of the present invention;

[0050] Reference numerals: 1. Handle; 101. First threading channel; 102. Threading opening; 2. Curvature adjustment bolt; 201. First worm gear; 3. Spacing adjustment bolt; 4. Connecting rod; 401. Second threading channel; 5. First arc plate; 6. Second arc plate; 7. Arc rack; 8. Limiting groove; 9. Arc length adjustment bolt; 10. Gear; 11. Second worm gear. Detailed Implementation

[0051] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0052] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0053] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0054] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0055] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] 1. Processing of Amorphophallus konjac

[0058] Flowering plants of Amorphophallus konjac generally grow faster and usually finish flowering and pollen shedding around Qingming Festival, while flowering plants of Amorphophallus alba grow more slowly in the early stages and usually only flower in late May. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate both plants, delaying the flowering time of Amorphophallus konjac by 20-30 days and inducing Amorphophallus alba to flower 10-15 days earlier.

[0059] 1.1 Low-temperature storage of Amorphophallus konjac

[0060] Generally, flowering Amorphophallus konjac plants or their strains are collected starting in October or November each year. At this time, the terminal buds of flowering plants are 0.5-1cm long, while the terminal buds of non-flowering plants are less prominent or close to the bud socket. The collected flowering plants are placed in plastic baskets, ensuring the terminal buds are staggered to avoid crushing or damaging them. The baskets are then layered on an iron rack, with each layer spaced 40-50cm apart. Finally, a black cloth is used to cover the entire rack from top to bottom to provide shade. The indoor temperature is maintained between 8-10℃, and the humidity between 30%-40%.

[0061] 1.2 Screening of Amorphophallus konjac

[0062] In late December to mid-January of the same year, before the dormancy of the konjac arum is about to end, the collected flowering konjac arums are screened again. Select plants with smooth skin, shallow bud sockets, plump terminal buds, no disease spots or insect holes, thick skin, 8-10 rhizomes, rhizome length between 10-15cm, glucomannan content above 45%, and resistance to browning. The selected flowering konjac arum plants are placed upright at the bottom of a plastic basket (for drip treatment), with the edge of the basket 4-5cm above the plant. After the initial storage, this second screening of the flowering konjac arums removes deformed flower buds, aging buds, rotten buds, and rotten corms, ensuring normal fruit setting and maturation later.

[0063] 1.3 Flower bud droplet encapsulation treatment

[0064] Apply a flower bud inhibitor to the bud clusters and terminal buds of the konjac flower using a drip-wrapping treatment, once every two days, for a total of 5-6 treatments. For each drip-wrapping, use a pipette to apply an appropriate amount of inhibitor based on the size and depth of the bud cluster. After dripping, cover the frame with double-layered cotton cloth. After treatment, place the konjac outdoors on a sunny day for a short period of sun-drying, 3-4 hours at midday, for two days to prevent mold and rot at the bud clusters. Throughout the storage period, the Amorphophallus konjac was kept in the dark, with the indoor temperature controlled between 8-10℃ and the humidity between 30%-40%. The flower bud inhibitor was a solution containing umbelliferone and ABA, with umbelliferone concentrations of 0.2wt.%-0.3wt.% and ABA concentrations of 0.001wt.%-0.002wt.%. The preparation method was as follows: 0.2%-0.3% gel was dissolved in deionized water and heated until fully dissolved. When the gel solution temperature dropped to 40-50℃, umbelliferone and ABA were added sequentially to achieve the desired concentration. After cooling, it formed a semi-solid suspension. The purpose of this step was to use the flower bud inhibitor to coat the flower buds and bud sockets before the Amorphophallus konjac's dormancy was about to end, thereby inhibiting flower bud growth. This is a crucial stage and measure for delaying flowering in Amorphophallus konjac plants.

[0065] 1.4 Refrigeration and drip treatment

[0066] From late January to late March of the following year, the flowering konjac, after being treated with the drip solution, was placed in a warehouse for cold storage. During cold storage, the temperature was controlled between 4-6℃ and the humidity between 30%-40%, and it was kept out of light. Simultaneously, in early to mid-February, a growth-regulating solution was applied via drip treatment. Using a pipette, an appropriate amount of solution was applied first to the terminal bud 2-4 times, and then to the bud socket 3-5 times. (During this period, especially after late February, the konjac's dormancy ends, and the terminal bud begins to grow; therefore, the appropriate dosage of solution was selected based on the size of the terminal bud and the depth of the bud socket to delay flowering). This treatment was repeated every 2-3 days, for a total of 4-5 times. After treatment, on a sunny day, the konjac was placed outdoors for a short period of sun drying, 2-3 hours at midday, for 2 days. The growth regulator solution contains 2,4-D and paclobutrazol (paclobutrazol powder). The concentration of 2,4-D in the growth regulator solution is 0.0005 wt.%-0.001 wt.%, and the concentration of paclobutrazol is 0.15 wt.%-0.25 wt.%. At this stage, the bulbs have basically broken dormancy. While lowering the storage temperature, the growth regulator solution can regulate the growth rate of flower buds, prevent excessive growth, and avoid the appearance of senescent buds.

[0067] 1.5 Temperature, humidity, and light control

[0068] By early April of the same year, due to the effects of previous control measures, the terminal buds of the Amorphophallus konjac were generally 3-5cm long. On sunny days, the selected Amorphophallus konjac plants were sun-dried outdoors for 2-3 days, with the terminal buds wrapped in leather bags to block light. Then, flowering Amorphophallus konjac plants were planted in greenhouse pots, with the terminal bud 8-10cm below the soil surface. The indoor temperature was controlled between 16-18℃, and the humidity between 40%-50%. Shading nets were also used for shading. On sunny days, the light intensity in the greenhouse was controlled between 3000-4000 LX. Generally, the terminal buds of the Amorphophallus konjac began to emerge from the soil in mid-April, and the spathe began to grow in late April.

[0069] 1.6 Treatment of Amorphophallus konjac stamens

[0070] From late April to mid-May of the same year, open the shade netting and regulate the indoor temperature to between 25-28℃ and the humidity to between 60%-70%. At this time, the spathe continues to grow and gradually opens. Generally, the stamens begin to shed pollen 3-5 days after the spathe opens. If there are continuous rainy days, cloudy days, or weak light intensity, it may be delayed by 4-6 days. In this case, supplemental lighting is needed to increase the temperature and light intensity. At the same time, it is also necessary to decide whether to cover the plant with bags for shading in advance based on the development of the stigma of the white konjac pistil.

[0071] At this point, if the stigma of the white konjac pistil is sticky (you can touch the stigma with a small piece of thin filter paper; if it is sticky, the filter paper will have sticky sap), the stamens can be cut off to regulate rapid pollen shedding. If the stigma of the white konjac pistil is less sticky or not sticky at all, wrap the cut stamens in a kraft paper bag and place them in a refrigerator for refrigeration. Set the refrigerator temperature between 8-10℃ and the humidity between 40%-50%. When the stigma of the white konjac pistil becomes stickier, promptly place the stamens in a light incubator, adjust the temperature, and use supplemental lighting to regulate pollen shedding time. For details on temperature and supplemental lighting settings, please refer to "2.5 Temperature, Humidity, and Light Control".

[0072] 2. White Konjac Processing

[0073] 2.1 Breaking Dormancy

[0074] White konjac grows relatively slowly in the early stages. It is generally not until mid-to-late April that the growth of the terminal bud can be used to identify whether a plant is flowering. Furthermore, it generally takes another 3-4 weeks for a flowering plant to grow from the top of the soil to the maturity of the flower. By this time, it is too late to induce non-flowering plants to flower. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures in advance to ensure that the selected white konjac plants or lines flower in a timely and effective manner.

[0075] (1) Cold and hot treatment

[0076] In late October to mid-November of that year, the white konjac bulbs were sun-dried for 2-3 days under sunny conditions. They were then treated in a 4℃ freezer for 5-7 days, followed by another 5-7 days in a greenhouse. The indoor temperature was controlled at 28-30℃, the light intensity at 8000-12000 LX, the light duration at 8 / 16 (8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness), and the indoor humidity at 60%-70%. This process was repeated twice, once in the freezer for 5-7 days at 4℃.

[0077] (2) Soaking treatment

[0078] From late November to early December of that year, the white konjac bulbs were soaked in a dormancy-breaking agent for 24-36 hours. Afterward, the bulbs were rinsed thoroughly with running water and then air-dried outdoors for 2-3 days in a sunny weather. The dormancy-breaking agent was a solution containing thiourea, ZT, TDZ, and TAA. The concentrations of thiourea, ZT, TDZ, and TAA were 0.0015wt.%-0.0025wt.%, ZT, TDZ, and TAA, respectively. During this period, the white konjac was about to enter dormancy; therefore, soaking it in the agent quickly broke the dormancy, facilitating the later selection of flowering plants.

[0079] 2.2 Germination and Classification

[0080] (1) Sprouting

[0081] In mid-to-late December of that year, the treated white konjac bulbs were sown in the substrate soil of the greenhouse nutrient tank, with the top of the bulb about 5cm below the soil surface. The substrate soil moisture was controlled at 70%-80%, and the temperature at 5cm depth was 22-25℃. The temperature inside the greenhouse was regulated at 25-28℃. After sowing, the nutrient tank was completely covered from top to bottom with white plastic film to increase temperature and retain moisture. Generally, after 2-3 weeks, the apical buds of the white konjac bulbs could be observed to sprout and grow.

[0082] (2) Classification

[0083] Flowering plants and non-flowering plants can be distinguished by the growth of the terminal bud. Generally, if the terminal bud reaches a length of 1.0-1.5cm or more during this period, it can be identified as a flowering plant, while the terminal bud of a non-flowering plant is inside the bud socket and its growth is not obvious.

[0084] For the treatment of flowering plants of white konjac, conventional methods in this industry can be used. The main purpose here is to distinguish between flowering and non-flowering plants of white konjac.

[0085] 2.3 Flower bud induction

[0086] From mid-January to mid-February of the following year, the terminal buds of white konjac grow relatively slowly. At this time, flower bud induction treatment should be performed on the terminal buds. During this period, select non-flowering white konjac corms and place them upright on greenhouse substrate soil. Drip the induction solution onto the bud sockets of the corms, using a pipette to apply an appropriate amount based on the size and depth of the sockets. After dripping onto each corm, wrap the socket with plastic wrap, repeating this process until all corms are covered with black mulch. Drip the solution every two days, for a total of 5-6 times. Finally, wash the bud sockets of the corms and air-dry them outdoors for 2-3 days on a sunny day. The induction solution was a solution containing GA3, 6-BA, and brassinolide. The concentration of GA3 in the induction solution was 0.002 wt.%-0.004 wt.%, the concentration of 6-BA was 0.001 wt.%-0.002 wt.%, and the concentration of brassinolide was 0.005 wt.%-0.01 wt.%. This induction solution could induce flowering in young and non-flowering plants of Amorphophallus konjac.

[0087] 2.4 Temperature Accumulation Treatment

[0088] After processing, the white konjac bulbs are sown in greenhouse substrate soil, with the top of the bulb 8-10cm below the soil surface. The substrate soil moisture is controlled at 50%-60%, and the soil temperature at a depth of 10cm is controlled at 15-18℃ (at this time, the substrate soil temperature and humidity should not be too high to avoid rapid elongation of the terminal bud, which can cause aging of the bud and rotting of the bud base). The indoor temperature is 22-25℃. Generally, after 4-5 weeks, starting in late March, the terminal buds of the white konjac will begin to emerge from the soil. At this time, the white konjac bulbs are dug up and sown into nutrient pots for easy pollination and management later.

[0089] 2.5 Temperature, humidity, and light control

[0090] From late March to mid-April of the same year, the terminal buds of the white konjac are in a rapid emergence stage, while from late April to early May, they are in the flower differentiation and growth period. At this time, appropriate adjustments should be made to the white konjac according to its flowering period. In this example, the white konjac regulated generally flowers and sheds pollen in mid-May. Therefore, during this period, it is necessary to regulate the light, temperature, and humidity in the greenhouse to ensure that the white konjac flowers and sheds pollen in a timely manner in early to mid-May.

[0091] During this period, keep the soil moisture in the nutrient pot below 40%, control the temperature in the greenhouse at 18-22℃, the humidity at 30%-40%, and the light intensity at the level of natural outdoor light. If there is a long period of continuous rain or cloudy and cold weather, turn on the supplemental lights in time and adjust the light intensity to 4000-5000LX, with 8 / 16 hours of light (8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness) to ensure that the flower buds on the bulbs grow, develop and bloom naturally.

[0092] 3. Inducing pollen shedding (Amorphophallus konjac and Amorphophallus alba are cross-pollinated using the male and female parents respectively)

[0093] 3.1 Stamen Treatment

[0094] By mid-May of the same year, the flower buds of the Amorphophallus konjac had basically matured, and the white Amorphophallus konjac had also entered the flowering stage.

[0095] 1. If the weather is sunny during this period, the outdoor temperature is above 25℃, and the light intensity is greater than 6000-8000LX, then open the greenhouse shading net and control the indoor humidity at 75%-85%. Generally, the spathe will open within 4-5 days, and the stigma of the pistil will begin to secrete mucus within 2-3 days after the spathe opens. The stamens will also begin to enter the mature pollen shedding period.

[0096] 2. If there is continuous rain or cloudy weather with a drop in temperature, supplemental lighting and blowers should be turned on to provide supplemental lighting and warmth. The light intensity should be controlled to be greater than 4000 LX, and the light duration should be 8 / 16 hours (8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness). The room temperature should be set at 28-32℃ and the humidity at 75%-85% to encourage flowering plants to open their spathes in time and induce the stamens to grow and mature rapidly, so as to avoid missing the period when the stigma of the pistil secretes mucus.

[0097] (1) Remove the stamens

[0098] When the spathe of the Amorphophallus konjac opens and the appendages begin to secrete mucus, promptly cut off the stamens. For the Amorphophallus alba, before the spathe opens and the appendages emerge, trim off the outer scales and cut off the stamens. Then, cut off the appendages at the upper end of the stamens of both, leaving about 10cm in length. Depending on the stickiness of the stigma of the Amorphophallus alba and Amorphophallus konjac, if it is weak or nonexistent, wrap the cut stamens in a leather bag and refrigerate them at 8-10℃ and 40%-50% humidity.

[0099] (2) Induction treatment

[0100] After cutting off one end of the attachment, the remaining part and the inside of the stamen are hollow. Using a handheld sprayer, spray the bio-hormone solution into the inside of the attachment 3-4 times. Then seal the end of the attachment with plastic wrap and spray again after 2 days. The bio-hormone solution contains 6-BA, KT, and IBA. The concentration of 6-BA in the solution is 0.0002%-0.0004%, the concentration of KT is 0.00005%-0.0001%, and the concentration of IBA is 0.0001%-0.0002%. This bio-hormone solution contains a low concentration of hormones. Stimulation with this bio-hormone solution can better induce the stamens to quickly and timely shed pollen, especially in rainy or cold weather.

[0101] (3) Loose powder

[0102] Place the processed stamens in a sterile culture bottle, with the stamen end facing down against the bottle wall, and leave a breathable filter membrane on the bottle cap. Finally, place the bottle in a light incubator. The pollen shedding time is controlled according to the stickiness of the stigma of both stamens and pistils: If the stigma is sticky, set the light intensity of the incubator to 6000-8000 LX, the light duration to 12 / 12h (12 hours of light followed by 12 hours of darkness), the temperature to 28-32℃, and the humidity to 60%-70%. Pollen shedding usually occurs in 8-12 hours. If the stigma is less sticky, pollination needs to be delayed by two days. Set the light intensity of the incubator to 2000-3000 LX, the light duration to 6 / 18h (6 hours of light followed by 18 hours of darkness), the temperature to 16-18℃, and the humidity to 40-50%. Pollen shedding usually occurs in 3-5 days.

[0103] 3.2 Treatment of pistils

[0104] After cutting the stamens, completely cover the pistils of both the white and flower arum konjac with a leather bag, sealing the bottom of the bag tightly with plastic wrap. Simultaneously, adjust greenhouse conditions according to the stickiness of the pistil stigma. Generally, maintain indoor humidity at 75%-85%, provide shade with a shade net, and control the indoor temperature at 18-22℃. This will keep the pistil stigma sticky for 4-6 days, allowing sufficient time for pollen dispersal and artificial pollination.

[0105] 4. Adhesion pollination method

[0106] A pollination device is used for pollination, comprising a handle 1, a connecting rod 4 movably connected to one end of the handle 1, a first arc-shaped plate 5 fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod 4 away from the handle 1, arc length adjustment components symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first arc plate 5, a length adjustment component for adjusting the length of the connecting rod 4 installed on the handle 1, and an arc adjustment component installed at the end of the handle 1 away from the connecting rod 4. The arc adjustment components are used to adjust the arc of the first arc plate 5, and the arc length adjustment components include components slidably disposed on both sides of the first arc plate 5. The second arc-shaped plate 6 slides along the arc length direction of the first arc-shaped plate 5. A limiting groove 8 is fixedly connected to the second arc-shaped plate 6. An arc-shaped rack 7 is fixedly connected to the first arc-shaped plate 5 and slides within the limiting groove 8. A gear 10 is rotatably connected to the outside of the limiting groove 8 and meshes with the arc-shaped rack 7. A second worm gear 11 is shaft-connected to the gear 10 and meshes with an arc length adjusting bolt 9. The arc length adjusting bolt 9 is rotatably connected to the limiting groove 8. The arc length adjusting bolts on the two second arc-shaped plates 6 are... Bolts 9 are symmetrically arranged; the length adjustment component includes a spacing adjustment bolt 3 rotatably connected to the handle 1, the spacing adjustment bolt 3 being coaxial with the connecting rod 4 and threadedly engaged; the curvature adjustment component includes two second threading channels 401 opened in the connecting rod 4, a first threading channel 101 and two threading openings 102 opened in the handle 1, the two threading openings 102 being connected to one end of the first threading channel 101, one end of a rope being fixedly connected to the second arc plate 6 respectively, one rope passing through one of the second threading channels 401, one of the threading openings 102, and the first threading channel 101 in sequence, and connecting to the curvature adjustment part, the other rope passing through the other second threading channel 401, the other threading opening 102, and the first threading channel 101 in sequence, and connecting to the curvature adjustment part; the curvature adjustment part includes a curvature adjustment bolt 2 rotatably connected to the handle 1, the curvature adjustment bolt 2 engaging with a first worm gear 201, the rope being fixedly connected to the shaft of the first worm gear 201, the first worm gear 201 being rotatably connected inside the handle 1, specifically as follows. Figures 6-9As shown, the pollination device resembles a manual razor, with an inward-curving semi-cylindrical coating surface. The handle allows adjustment of the surface's curvature to accommodate the thickness of the pistil. Small nuts at both ends of the coating surface allow for clockwise or counter-clockwise rotation, adjusting its length to fit the pistil's length. The coating surface is a smooth, small plastic plate. First, adjust the surface length according to the pistil's length. Then, apply a thin layer of low-adhesion solid glue or rice glue to evenly coat the surface with pollen. Next, adjust the curvature of the coating surface according to the pistil's thickness. After adjustment, gently bring the coating surface close to the pistil's stigma, then release the swivel locking clip. Rotate the coating surface head clockwise or counter-clockwise to apply pollen evenly. Conventional pollination methods include applying pollen with a small brush, spraying with a pollination gun, or directly applying it with your fingers. The biggest problem with these methods is that they waste pollen and result in uneven application. In some areas, the spaces between the anthers become filled with pollen due to excessive pollen, which, combined with high humidity, easily leads to mold and insect infestation. The pollinator provided by this invention effectively avoids these problems.

[0107] Example 2

[0108] 1. Low-temperature storage of Amorphophallus konjac

[0109] From October to November 2020, collect flowering Amorphophallus konjac plants or their strains. At this time, the terminal buds of flowering plants are 0.5-1 cm long, while the terminal buds of non-flowering plants are less prominent or close to the bud socket. Pack the collected flowering Amorphophallus konjac plants into plastic baskets, making sure to stagger the terminal buds to avoid crushing or damaging them. Then, place the plastic baskets layered on an iron rack, with each layer spaced 40-50 cm apart. Finally, cover the entire iron rack with a black cloth from top to bottom to achieve a shading effect. Maintain the indoor temperature at 9℃ and the humidity at 35%.

[0110] 2. Selection of Amorphophallus konjac

[0111] In late December to mid-January of the same year, just before the dormancy of the konjac arum is about to end, the collected flowering konjac arums are screened again. Select plants with smooth skin, shallow bud sockets, plump terminal buds, no disease spots or insect holes, thick skin, 8-10 rhizomes 10-15cm long, glucomannan content above 45%, and resistance to browning. Place the selected flowering konjac arum plants upright at the bottom of a plastic basket (for drip treatment), with the edge of the basket 4-5cm above the plant. After the initial storage, this second screening of the flowering konjac arums at this time allows for the timely removal of deformed flower buds, aging buds, rotten buds, and plants with rotten corms, ensuring normal fruiting and maturation later.

[0112] 3. Flower bud droplet encapsulation treatment

[0113] The buds and apical buds of the konjac flower were treated with a drip-wrapping method using a flower bud inhibitor. This treatment was repeated every two days for 5-6 consecutive days. For each drip-wrapping, an appropriate amount of liquid was applied using a pipette, depending on the size and depth of the bud. After dripping, the frame was covered with double-layered cotton cloth. Following treatment, the konjac was placed outdoors on a sunny day for a short period of sun-drying, 3-4 hours at midday, for two days, to prevent mold and rot at the buds. Throughout the storage period, the konjac flower was kept away from light, with the indoor temperature controlled at 9℃ and humidity at 35%. The flower bud inhibitor was a solution containing umbelliferone and ABA, with a concentration of 0.25 wt.% for umbelliferone and 0.0015 wt.% for ABA. The preparation method was as follows: 0.25% gel was dissolved in deionized water and heated until fully dissolved. When the gel solution temperature dropped to 45℃, umbelliferone and ABA were added sequentially to achieve the desired concentration. After cooling, it was ready as a semi-solid suspension. The purpose of this step is to use flower bud inhibitors to wrap the flower buds and bud sockets before the dormancy of Amorphophallus konjac is about to end, so as to inhibit the growth of flower buds. This is a key stage and measure to regulate the delayed flowering of Amorphophallus konjac flowering plants.

[0114] 4. Refrigeration and drip treatment

[0115] From late January to late March of the following year, the flowering konjac plants treated with the drip solution were placed in a warehouse for cold storage. During cold storage, the temperature was controlled at 5℃ and the humidity at 35%, and they were kept out of direct sunlight. Simultaneously, in early to mid-February, a growth regulator solution was applied via drip treatment. Using a pipette, an appropriate amount of solution was applied first to the terminal bud (3 drops), then to the bud socket (4 drops). (During this period, especially after late February, the konjac plant's dormancy ends, and the terminal bud begins to grow; therefore, the appropriate dosage of solution was selected based on the size of the terminal bud and the depth of the bud socket to delay flowering). This treatment was repeated every 3 days for a total of 4 times. After treatment, the konjac plants were placed outdoors for short-term sun drying on a sunny day, for 2-3 hours at midday, for 2 days. The growth regulator solution contained 2,4-D and paclobutrazol (paclobutrazol powder), with a concentration of 0.0008 wt.% for 2,4-D and 0.20 wt.% for paclobutrazol. At this stage, the bulbs have basically broken dormancy. While lowering the storage temperature, growth regulators can be used to control the growth rate of flower buds, prevent excessive growth, and avoid the appearance of aging buds.

[0116] 5. Temperature, humidity, and light control

[0117] By early April of the same year, due to the effects of previous control measures, the terminal buds of the Amorphophallus konjac were generally 3-5cm long. On sunny days, the selected Amorphophallus konjac plants were sun-dried outdoors for two days, with the terminal buds wrapped in leather bags to protect them from light. Then, flowering Amorphophallus konjac plants were planted in greenhouse pots, with the terminal bud 8-10cm below the soil surface. The indoor temperature was maintained at 17℃ and humidity at 45%, while shade netting was used for shading. On sunny days, the light intensity inside the greenhouse was controlled at around 3500 LX. Generally, the terminal buds of the Amorphophallus konjac began to emerge from the soil around mid-April, and the spathe began to grow in late April.

[0118] 6. Treatment of the stamens of the Amorphophallus konjac

[0119] In late April to mid-May of the same year, the shade net was opened, and the indoor temperature was controlled at 26℃ and the humidity at 65%. At this time, the spathe continued to grow and gradually opened. Generally, the stamens began to shed pollen 3-5 days after the spathe opened.

[0120] Comparative Example 1

[0121] 1. Flowering plants of Amorphophallus konjac: Before winter 2020, select individual plants from the large harvested population or farm-grown plants. If any plant is found to be flowering, suspected to be flowering, or found to be flowering in the field the following year, bring it back and dig it up. There is no specific selection; any flowering plant is acceptable.

[0122] 2. Preservation: Selected Amorphophallus konjac flowers are stored in a warehouse at a temperature of 5℃ and a humidity of 45%, without any other special treatment. Generally, they are stored from mid-to-late November 2020 to mid-March of the following year. This method ensures that the flower buds of Amorphophallus konjac are still in a state of continuous growth, and they typically begin to flower and shed pollen in late March of the following year, with a large number of aging buds. In contrast, the flower and leaf buds of Amorphophallus 'White' grow much slower, making it difficult to identify flowering plants in early to mid-March. This significantly impacts the selection and early treatment of flowering plants for Amorphophallus 'White'.

[0123] 3. Sowing and pollination: Sow the Amorphophallus konjac in a greenhouse and manage it as usual.

[0124] Comparative Example 2

[0125] The steps are the same as in Example 2, except that only the flower buds of the Amorphophallus konjac are treated with droplet coating.

[0126] Comparative Example 3

[0127] The steps are the same as in Example 2, except that only the Amorphophallus konjac is treated with dripping.

[0128] Experimental Example 1

[0129] The aging bud rate, pre-planting flower bud length, and flowering time of Amorphophallus konjac in Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were investigated, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0130] Table 1. Flower bud growth of Amorphophallus titanum under different hormone treatments.

[0131] deal with Aging bud rate / % Flower bud length before sowing / cm Flower bud blooming time Comparative Example 1 27.42％ 20-30cm Early to mid-March Comparative Example 2 8.62％ 14-18cm mid-to-late April Comparative Example 3 12.39％ 8-12cm Late March to early April Example 2 2.24％ 3-5cm Late April to early May

[0132] As shown in Table 1, the control method of Example 2 can reduce the aging bud rate, shorten the length of pre-sowing flower buds, and extend the flowering time of flower buds to late April to early May.

[0133] Example 3

[0134] 1. Processing of Amorphophallus konjac

[0135] Flowering plants of Amorphophallus konjac generally grow faster and usually finish flowering and pollen shedding around Qingming Festival, while flowering plants of Amorphophallus alba grow more slowly in the early stages and usually only flower in late May. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate both plants, delaying the flowering time of Amorphophallus konjac by 20-30 days and inducing Amorphophallus alba to flower 10-15 days earlier.

[0136] 1.1 Low-temperature storage of Amorphophallus konjac

[0137] From October to November 2021, collect flowering Amorphophallus konjac plants or their strains. At this time, the terminal buds of flowering plants are 0.5-1cm long, while the terminal buds of non-flowering plants are less prominent or close to the bud socket. Pack the collected flowering Amorphophallus konjac plants into plastic baskets, making sure to stagger the terminal buds to avoid crushing or damaging them. Then, place the plastic baskets layered on an iron rack, with each layer spaced 40-50cm apart. Finally, cover the entire iron rack with a black cloth from top to bottom to achieve a shading effect. Maintain the indoor temperature at 8℃ and the humidity at 30%.

[0138] 1.2 Screening of Amorphophallus konjac

[0139] In late December to mid-January of the same year, just before the dormancy of the konjac arum is about to end, the collected flowering konjac arums are screened again. Select plants with smooth skin, shallow bud sockets, plump terminal buds, no disease spots or insect holes, thick skin, 8-10 rhizomes 10-15cm long, glucomannan content above 45%, and resistance to browning. Place the selected flowering konjac arum plants upright at the bottom of a plastic basket (for drip treatment), with the edge of the basket 4-5cm above the plant. After the initial storage, this second screening of the flowering konjac arums at this time allows for the timely removal of deformed flower buds, aging buds, rotten buds, and plants with rotten corms, ensuring normal fruiting and maturation later.

[0140] 1.3 Flower bud droplet encapsulation treatment

[0141] The buds and apical buds of the konjac flower were treated with a drip-wrapping method using a flower bud inhibitor. This treatment was repeated every two days for 5-6 consecutive days. For each drip-wrapping, an appropriate amount of liquid was applied using a pipette, depending on the size and depth of the bud. After dripping, the frame was covered with double-layered cotton cloth. Following treatment, the konjac was placed outdoors on a sunny day for a short period of sun-drying, 3-4 hours at midday, for two days, to prevent mold and rot at the buds. Throughout the storage period, the konjac flower was kept away from light, with the indoor temperature controlled at 10℃ and humidity at 30%. The flower bud inhibitor was a solution containing umbelliferone and ABA, with a concentration of 0.3 wt.% for umbelliferone and 0.001 wt.% for ABA. The preparation method was as follows: 0.3% gel was dissolved in deionized water and heated until fully dissolved. When the gel solution temperature dropped to 50℃, umbelliferone and ABA were added sequentially to achieve the desired concentration. After cooling, it was ready as a semi-solid suspension. The purpose of this step is to use flower bud inhibitors to wrap the flower buds and bud sockets before the dormancy of Amorphophallus konjac is about to end, so as to inhibit the growth of flower buds. This is a key stage and measure to regulate the delayed flowering of Amorphophallus konjac flowering plants.

[0142] 1.4 Refrigeration and drip treatment

[0143] From late January to late March of the following year, the flowering konjac plants treated with the drip solution were placed in a warehouse for cold storage. During cold storage, the temperature was controlled at 6℃ and the humidity at 40%, and they were kept out of direct sunlight. Simultaneously, in early to mid-February, a growth regulator solution was applied via drip treatment. Using a pipette, an appropriate amount of solution was applied first to the terminal bud (2 drops), then to the bud socket (5 drops). (During this period, especially after late February, the konjac plant's dormancy ends, and the terminal bud begins to grow; therefore, the appropriate dosage of solution was selected based on the size of the terminal bud and the depth of the bud socket to delay flowering). This treatment was repeated every 2 days for 5 consecutive times. After treatment, the konjac plants were placed outdoors for short-term sun drying on a sunny day, for 2-3 hours at midday, for 2 days. The growth regulator solution contained 2,4-D and paclobutrazol (paclobutrazol powder), with a concentration of 0.0005 wt.% for 2,4-D and 0.15 wt.% for paclobutrazol. At this stage, the bulbs have basically broken dormancy. While lowering the storage temperature, growth regulators can be used to control the growth rate of flower buds, prevent excessive growth, and avoid the appearance of aging buds.

[0144] 1.5 Temperature, humidity, and light control

[0145] By early April of the same year, due to the influence of previous control measures, the terminal buds of the Amorphophallus konjac were generally 3-5cm long. On sunny days, the selected Amorphophallus konjac plants were sun-dried outdoors for 3 days, with the terminal buds wrapped in leather bags to protect them from light. Then, flowering Amorphophallus konjac plants were planted in greenhouse pots, with the terminal bud 8-10cm below the soil surface. The indoor temperature was controlled at 16℃ and humidity at 50%, while shade netting was used for shading. The light intensity in the greenhouse was controlled to around 4000 LX on sunny days. Generally, the terminal buds of the Amorphophallus konjac began to emerge from the soil in mid-April, and the spathe began to grow in late April. Figure 1 ).

[0146] 1.6 Treatment of Amorphophallus konjac stamens

[0147] From late April to mid-May of the same year, the shade netting was opened, and the indoor temperature was controlled at 28℃ and the humidity at 60%. At this time, the spathe continued to grow and gradually opened. Generally, the stamens began to shed pollen 3-5 days after the spathe opened. If there were continuous rainy days, cloudy days, or weak light intensity, it would be delayed by 4-6 days. In this case, supplemental lighting was needed to increase the temperature and light intensity. At the same time, the need for bagging and shading treatment should be determined according to the development of the stigma of the white konjac pistil.

[0148] At this point, if the stigma of the white konjac pistil is sticky (you can touch the stigma with a small piece of thin filter paper; if it's sticky, the filter paper will have sticky sap), the stamens can be cut off to regulate rapid pollen shedding. If the stigma of the white konjac pistil is less sticky or not sticky at all, wrap the cut stamens in a kraft paper bag and refrigerate them at 10℃ and 50% humidity. Once the stigma of the white konjac pistil is stickier, promptly place the stamens in a light incubator, adjust the temperature, and use supplemental lighting to regulate pollen shedding time. For details on temperature and supplemental lighting settings, see "2.5 Temperature, Humidity, and Light Control". (Image of a flowering konjac is shown below.) Figure 2 As shown.

[0149] 2. White Konjac Processing

[0150] 2.1 Breaking Dormancy

[0151] White konjac grows relatively slowly in the early stages. It is generally not until mid-to-late April that the growth of the terminal bud can be used to identify whether a plant is flowering. Furthermore, it generally takes another 3-4 weeks for a flowering plant to grow from the top of the soil to the maturity of the flower. By this time, it is too late to induce non-flowering plants to flower. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures in advance to ensure that the selected white konjac plants or lines flower in a timely and effective manner.

[0152] (1) Cold and hot treatment

[0153] In late October to mid-November of that year, the white konjac bulbs were sun-dried for two days under sunny conditions, then treated in a 4℃ freezer for five days, followed by seven days in a greenhouse with the indoor temperature controlled at 29℃, light intensity at 10000LX, light duration of 8 / 16 (8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness), and indoor humidity at 65%. They were then treated again in the freezer (for five days at 4℃), and this treatment was repeated twice.

[0154] (2) Soaking treatment

[0155] From late November to early December of that year, the white konjac bulbs were soaked in a dormancy-breaking agent for 36 hours. Afterward, the bulbs were rinsed thoroughly with running water and then air-dried outdoors for two days in a sunny weather. The dormancy-breaking agent was a solution containing thiourea, ZT, TDZ, and IAA, with concentrations of 0.0025 wt.% for thiourea, 0.001 wt.% for ZT, 0.0004 wt.% for TDZ, and 0.0001 wt.% for IAA. During this period, the white konjac was about to enter dormancy; therefore, soaking it in the agent quickly broke the dormancy, facilitating the later selection of flowering plants.

[0156] 2.2 Germination and Classification

[0157] (1) Sprouting

[0158] In mid-to-late December of that year, the treated white konjac corms were sown in the substrate soil of the greenhouse nutrient tank, with the top of the corm about 5cm below the soil surface. The substrate soil moisture was controlled at 70%-80%, and the temperature at 5cm depth was 22-25℃. The temperature inside the greenhouse was maintained at 25℃. After sowing, the nutrient tank was completely covered from top to bottom with white plastic film to increase temperature and retain moisture. Generally, after 2-3 weeks, the apical buds of the white konjac corms could be observed to sprout and grow.

[0159] (2) Classification

[0160] Flowering plants and non-flowering plants can be distinguished based on the growth of the terminal bud. Generally, if the terminal bud reaches a length of 1.0-1.5cm or more during this period, it can be determined to be a flowering plant. Figure 3 (The terminal buds of non-flowering plants are inside the bud socket and their growth is not obvious.)

[0161] For the treatment of flowering plants of white konjac, conventional methods in this industry can be used. The main purpose here is to distinguish between flowering and non-flowering plants of white konjac.

[0162] 2.3 Flower bud induction

[0163] From mid-January to mid-February of the following year, the terminal buds of white konjac grow relatively slowly. At this time, flower bud induction treatment should be performed on the terminal buds. During this period, select non-flowering white konjac corms and place them upright on greenhouse substrate soil. Drip the induction solution onto the bud sockets of the white konjac corms, using a pipette to apply an appropriate amount based on the size and depth of the socket. After dripping onto each corm, wrap the socket with plastic wrap, repeating this process until all corms are covered with black mulch. Drip the solution every two days, for a total of five drips. Finally, wash the bud sockets of the corms and air-dry them outdoors for two days on a sunny day. The induction solution is a solution containing GA3, 6-BA, and brassinolide. The concentration of GA3 in the solution is 0.002 wt.%, the concentration of 6-BA is 0.001 wt.%, and the concentration of brassinolide is 0.01 wt.%. This induction solution can induce flowering in young and non-flowering white konjac plants.

[0164] 2.4 Temperature Accumulation Treatment

[0165] After processing, the white konjac bulbs are sown in greenhouse substrate soil, with the top of the bulb 8-10cm below the soil surface. The substrate soil moisture is controlled at 50%-60%, and the soil temperature at a depth of 10cm is controlled at 15-18℃ (at this time, the substrate soil temperature and humidity should not be too high to avoid rapid elongation of the terminal bud, which can cause aging buds and rot at the bud base). The indoor temperature is 25℃. Generally, after 4-5 weeks, starting in late March, the terminal buds of the white konjac will begin to emerge from the soil. At this time, the white konjac bulbs are dug up and sown into nutrient pots for easy pollination and management later.

[0166] 2.5 Temperature, humidity, and light control

[0167] From late March to mid-April of the same year, the terminal buds of the white konjac are in a rapid emergence stage, while from late April to early May, they are in the flower differentiation and growth period. At this time, appropriate adjustments should be made to the white konjac according to its flowering period. In this example, the white konjac regulated generally flowers and sheds pollen in mid-May. Therefore, during this period, it is necessary to regulate the light, temperature, and humidity in the greenhouse to ensure that the white konjac flowers and sheds pollen in a timely manner in early to mid-May.

[0168] During this period, keep the soil moisture in the nutrient pot below 40%, control the temperature in the greenhouse at 18℃ and the humidity at 30%, and the light intensity should be the same as outdoor natural light. If there is a long period of continuous rain or cloudy and cold weather, turn on the supplemental light in time and adjust the light intensity to 5000LX, with 8 / 16 hours of light (8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness) to ensure that the flower buds on the bulb grow, develop and bloom naturally.

[0169] 3. Inducing pollen shedding (Amorphophallus konjac as the female parent and Amorphophallus spp. as the male parent)

[0170] 3.1 Stamen Treatment

[0171] By mid-May of the same year, the flower buds of the Amorphophallus konjac had basically matured, and the white Amorphophallus konjac had also entered the flowering stage.

[0172] 2. If the weather is sunny during this period, the outdoor temperature is above 25℃, and the light intensity is greater than 7000LX, then open the greenhouse shading net and control the indoor humidity at 80%. Generally, the spathe will open within 4-5 days, and the stigma of the pistil will begin to secrete mucus within 2-3 days after the spathe opens. The stamens will also begin to enter the mature pollen shedding period.

[0173] 2. If there is continuous rain or cloudy weather with a drop in temperature, supplemental lighting and blowers should be turned on to provide supplemental lighting and warmth. The light intensity should be controlled to be greater than 4000 LX, and the light duration should be 8 / 16 hours (8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness). The room temperature should be set at 30℃ and the humidity at 80% to encourage flowering plants to open their spathes in time and induce the stamens to grow and mature quickly, so as to avoid missing the period when the stigma of the pistil secretes mucus.

[0174] (1) Remove the stamens

[0175] For the white arum konjac, trim the outer scales and remove the stamens before the spathe opens and the appendages emerge. Then, cut off the upper part of the stamens, leaving about 10cm in length. Depending on the stickiness of the stigma of the pistil, if it is weak or non-sticky, wrap the removed stamens in a leather bag and refrigerate them at 8℃ and 40% humidity.

[0176] (2) Induction treatment

[0177] After cutting off one end of the attachment, the remaining part and the inside of the stamen are hollow. Using a handheld sprayer, spray the bio-hormone solution into the inside of the attachment with the long nozzle, spraying three times consecutively. Then seal the end of the attachment with plastic wrap and spray again after two days. The bio-hormone solution contains 6-BA, KT, and IBA, with a concentration of 0.0003% for 6-BA, 0.00007% for KT, and 0.00015% for IBA. This bio-hormone solution contains a low concentration of hormones, and stimulation with this solution can better induce the stamens to quickly and promptly release pollen, especially during prolonged periods of rain or overcast, cold weather.

[0178] (3) Loose powder

[0179] Place the processed stamens of the white arum konjac in a sterile culture bottle, with the stamen end facing down against the bottle wall, and leave a breathable filter membrane on the bottle cap. Finally, place the bottle in a light incubator. The pollen shedding time is controlled according to the stickiness of the stigma of the arum konjac: if the stigma is sticky, set the light intensity of the incubator to 7000 LX, the light duration to 12 / 12h (12h light time, 12h dark time), the temperature to 30℃, and the humidity to 65%, and pollen will generally shedding in 8-12 hours; if the stigma is less sticky, pollination needs to be delayed by two days, so set the light intensity of the incubator to 2000 LX, the light duration to 6 / 18h (6h light time, 18h dark time), the temperature to 17℃, and the humidity to 45%, and pollen will generally shedding in 3-5 days.

[0180] 3.2 Treatment of pistils

[0181] After cutting the stamens, cover the entire pistil of the Amorphophallus konjac flower with a leather bag, and seal the bottom of the bag tightly with plastic wrap. Meanwhile, adjust the greenhouse conditions according to the stickiness of the pistil stigma. Generally, maintain indoor humidity at 80%, provide shade with a shade net, and control the indoor temperature at 20℃. This will keep the pistil stigma sticky for 4-6 days, allowing sufficient time for pollen dispersal and artificial pollination.

[0182] 4. Adhesion pollination method

[0183] A pollination device is used for pollination, comprising a handle 1, a connecting rod 4 movably connected to one end of the handle 1, a first arc-shaped plate 5 fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod 4 away from the handle 1, arc length adjustment components symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first arc plate 5, a length adjustment component for adjusting the length of the connecting rod 4 installed on the handle 1, and an arc adjustment component installed at the end of the handle 1 away from the connecting rod 4. The arc adjustment components are used to adjust the arc of the first arc plate 5, and the arc length adjustment components include components slidably disposed on both sides of the first arc plate 5. The second arc-shaped plate 6 slides along the arc length direction of the first arc-shaped plate 5. A limiting groove 8 is fixedly connected to the second arc-shaped plate 6. An arc-shaped rack 7 is fixedly connected to the first arc-shaped plate 5 and slides within the limiting groove 8. A gear 10 is rotatably connected to the outside of the limiting groove 8 and meshes with the arc-shaped rack 7. A second worm gear 11 is shaft-connected to the gear 10 and meshes with an arc length adjusting bolt 9. The arc length adjusting bolt 9 is rotatably connected to the limiting groove 8. The arc length adjusting bolts on the two second arc-shaped plates 6 are... Bolts 9 are symmetrically arranged; the length adjustment component includes a spacing adjustment bolt 3 rotatably connected to the handle 1, the spacing adjustment bolt 3 being coaxial with the connecting rod 4 and threadedly engaged; the curvature adjustment component includes two second threading channels 401 opened in the connecting rod 4, a first threading channel 101 and two threading openings 102 opened in the handle 1, the two threading openings 102 being connected to one end of the first threading channel 101, one end of a rope being fixedly connected to the second arc plate 6 respectively, one rope passing through one of the second threading channels 401, one of the threading openings 102, and the first threading channel 101 in sequence, and connecting to the curvature adjustment part, the other rope passing through the other second threading channel 401, the other threading opening 102, and the first threading channel 101 in sequence, and connecting to the curvature adjustment part; the curvature adjustment part includes a curvature adjustment bolt 2 rotatably connected to the handle 1, the curvature adjustment bolt 2 engaging with a first worm gear 201, the rope being fixedly connected to the shaft of the first worm gear 201, the first worm gear 201 being rotatably connected inside the handle 1, specifically as follows. Figures 6-9 As shown.

[0184] Comparative Example 4

[0185] 1. Flowering plants of Amorphophallus konjac: Before the winter of 2021, select individual plants from the large harvested population or farm-grown plants. If any plant is found to be flowering, suspected to be flowering, or found to be flowering in the field the following year, bring it back and dig it up. There is no specific selection; any flowering plant is acceptable.

[0186] 2. White Konjac: Collect white konjac bulbs with larger tubers from local farms or group cultivation. As long as the tubers are not damaged, it is fine. Do not pay attention to the variety and efficiency. This often results in many white konjac plants that are not flowering plants being selected. It is a rather blind approach.

[0187] 3. Preservation: The selected white and flower konjac arums were stored together in a warehouse at a temperature of 5℃ and a humidity of 45%, without any other special treatment. Storing them from mid-to-late November 2021 to mid-March of the following year would result in the flower buds of the flower konjac arum continuing to grow, generally starting to flower and shed pollen in late March of the following year, with a large number of aging buds. In contrast, the flower and leaf buds of the white konjac arum grow more slowly, making it difficult to identify flowering plants in early to mid-March. This significantly impacted the selection and early treatment of flowering white konjac arum plants.

[0188] 4. Sowing and pollination: White konjac and flower konjac are sown in a greenhouse, with flower konjac as the female parent and white konjac as the male parent. Random pollination is selected based on the flowering situation, that is, those flowering at the same time are pollinated first for hybridization. This results in many flowering plants having relatively random hybridization, and many flowering plants cannot be pollinated in time. In the end, many can only be hybridized within the species, resulting in extremely low hybridization efficiency and low fruit set rate.

[0189] Experiment Example 2

[0190] The flowering rate, fruit set rate, average number of berries per spike, and average weight per 100 berries of Amorphophallus konjac in Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 were investigated. The results are shown in Table 2. Images of Amorphophallus konjac berries are shown below. Figure 4 As shown.

[0191] Table 2 Statistical Comparison

[0192] deal with Flowering rate of white konjac Fruit set rate of Amorphophallus konjac Average number of berries per bunch Average weight of 100 berries Example 3 97.44％ 92.36 87-216 27±5g Comparative Example 4 6.58％ 4.82 35-72 18±3g

[0193] As shown in Table 2, the method provided by this invention can significantly improve the flowering rate of white konjac, the fruit setting rate of flower konjac, the average number of berries per spike, and the average weight of 100 berries.

[0194] Example 4

[0195] 1. Processing of Amorphophallus konjac

[0196] Flowering plants of Amorphophallus konjac generally grow faster and usually finish flowering and pollen shedding around Qingming Festival, while flowering plants of Amorphophallus alba grow more slowly in the early stages and usually only flower in late May. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate both plants, delaying the flowering time of Amorphophallus konjac by 20-30 days and inducing Amorphophallus alba to flower 10-15 days earlier.

[0197] 1.1 Low-temperature storage of Amorphophallus konjac

[0198] From October to November 2022, collect flowering Amorphophallus konjac plants or their strains. At this time, the terminal buds of flowering plants are 0.5-1cm long, while the terminal buds of non-flowering plants are less prominent or close to the bud socket. Pack the collected flowering Amorphophallus konjac plants into plastic baskets, making sure to stagger the terminal buds to avoid crushing or damaging them. Then, place the plastic baskets layered on an iron rack, with each layer spaced 40-50cm apart. Finally, cover the entire iron rack with a black cloth from top to bottom to achieve a shading effect. Maintain the indoor temperature at 10℃ and the humidity at 40%.

[0199] 1.2 Screening of Amorphophallus konjac

[0200] In late December to mid-January of the same year, just before the dormancy of the konjac arum is about to end, the collected flowering konjac arums are screened again. Select plants with smooth skin, shallow bud sockets, plump terminal buds, no disease spots or insect holes, thick skin, 8-10 rhizomes 10-15cm long, glucomannan content above 45%, and resistance to browning. Place the selected flowering konjac arum plants upright at the bottom of a plastic basket (for drip treatment), with the edge of the basket 4-5cm above the plant. After the initial storage, this second screening of the flowering konjac arums at this time allows for the timely removal of deformed flower buds, aging buds, rotten buds, and plants with rotten corms, ensuring normal fruiting and maturation later.

[0201] 1.3 Flower bud droplet encapsulation treatment

[0202] The buds and apical buds of the konjac flower were treated with a drip-wrapping method using a flower bud inhibitor. This treatment was repeated every two days for 5-6 consecutive days. For each drip-wrapping, an appropriate amount of liquid was applied using a pipette, depending on the size and depth of the bud. After dripping, the frame was covered with double-layered cotton cloth. Following treatment, the konjac was placed outdoors on a sunny day for a short period of sun-drying, 3-4 hours at midday, for two days, to prevent mold and rot at the buds. Throughout the storage period, the konjac flower was kept away from light, with the indoor temperature controlled at 8℃ and humidity at 40%. The flower bud inhibitor was a solution containing umbelliferone and ABA, with a concentration of 0.2 wt.% for umbelliferone and 0.002 wt.% for ABA. The preparation method was as follows: 0.2% gel was dissolved in deionized water and heated until fully dissolved. When the gel solution temperature dropped to 40℃, umbelliferone and ABA were added sequentially to achieve the desired concentration. After cooling, it formed a semi-solid suspension. The purpose of this step is to use flower bud inhibitors to wrap the flower buds and bud sockets before the dormancy of Amorphophallus konjac is about to end, so as to inhibit the growth of flower buds. This is a key stage and measure to regulate the delayed flowering of Amorphophallus konjac flowering plants.

[0203] 1.4 Refrigeration and drip treatment

[0204] From late January to late March of the following year, the flowering konjac plants treated with the drip solution were placed in a warehouse for cold storage. During cold storage, the temperature was controlled at 4℃ and the humidity at 30%, and they were kept out of direct sunlight. Simultaneously, in early to mid-February, a growth regulator solution was applied via drip treatment. Using a pipette, an appropriate amount of solution was applied first to the terminal bud (4 drops), then to the bud socket (3 drops). (During this period, especially after late February, the konjac plant's dormancy ends, and the terminal bud begins to grow; therefore, the appropriate dosage of solution was selected based on the size of the terminal bud and the depth of the bud socket to delay flowering). This treatment was repeated every two days for four consecutive times. After treatment, the konjac plants were placed outdoors for short-term sun drying on a sunny day, for 2-3 hours at midday, for two days. The growth regulator solution contained 2,4-D and paclobutrazol (paclobutrazol powder), with a concentration of 0.001 wt.% for 2,4-D and 0.25 wt.% for paclobutrazol. At this stage, the bulbs have basically broken dormancy. While lowering the storage temperature, growth regulators can be used to control the growth rate of flower buds, prevent excessive growth, and avoid the appearance of aging buds.

[0205] 1.5 Temperature, humidity, and light control

[0206] By early April of the same year, due to the effects of previous control measures, the terminal buds of the Amorphophallus konjac were generally 3-5cm long. On sunny days, the selected Amorphophallus konjac plants were sun-dried outdoors for 3 days, with the terminal buds wrapped in leather bags to protect them from light. Then, flowering Amorphophallus konjac plants were planted in greenhouse pots, with the terminal bud 8-10cm below the soil surface. The indoor temperature was controlled at 18℃ and humidity at 40%, while shade netting was used for shading. On sunny days, the light intensity inside the greenhouse was controlled at around 3000 LX. Generally, the terminal buds of the Amorphophallus konjac began to emerge from the soil around mid-April, and the spathe began to grow in late April.

[0207] 1.6 Treatment of Amorphophallus konjac stamens

[0208] From late April to mid-May of the same year, the shade netting should be opened, and the indoor temperature should be controlled at 25℃ and the humidity at 70%. At this time, the spathe continues to grow and gradually opens. Generally, the stamens begin to shed pollen 3-5 days after the spathe opens. If there are continuous rainy days, cloudy days, or weak light intensity, it may be delayed by 4-6 days. In this case, supplemental lighting should be used to increase the temperature and light intensity. At the same time, it is necessary to decide whether to cover the plant with bags for shading in advance based on the development of the stigma of the white konjac pistil.

[0209] At this point, if the stigma of the Amorphophallus konjac pistil is sticky (you can use a small piece of thin filter paper to touch the stigma; if it is sticky, the filter paper will have sticky sap), the stamens can be cut off to regulate rapid pollen shedding. If the stigma of the Amorphophallus konjac pistil is less sticky or not sticky at all, wrap the cut stamens in a kraft paper bag and place them in a refrigerator for refrigeration. Set the refrigerator temperature to 8℃ and the humidity to 40%. When the stigma of the Amorphophallus konjac pistil becomes stickier, promptly place the stamens in a light incubator, adjust the temperature, and use supplemental lighting to regulate the pollen shedding time. For details on temperature and supplemental lighting settings, please refer to "2.5 Temperature, Humidity, and Light Control".

[0210] 2. White Konjac Processing

[0211] 2.1 Breaking Dormancy

[0212] White konjac grows relatively slowly in the early stages. It is generally not until mid-to-late April that the growth of the terminal bud can be used to identify whether a plant is flowering. Furthermore, it generally takes another 3-4 weeks for a flowering plant to grow from the top of the soil to the maturity of the flower. By this time, it is too late to induce non-flowering plants to flower. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures in advance to ensure that the selected white konjac plants or lines flower in a timely and effective manner.

[0213] (1) Cold and hot treatment

[0214] In late October to mid-November of that year, the white konjac bulbs were sun-dried for two days under sunny conditions, then treated in a 4℃ freezer for seven days, followed by five days in a greenhouse with the indoor temperature controlled at 30℃, light intensity at 10000LX, light duration of 8 / 16 (8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness), and indoor humidity at 70%. They were then treated in the freezer again (for seven days at 4℃), and this treatment was repeated twice.

[0215] (2) Soaking treatment

[0216] From late November to early December of that year, the white konjac bulbs were soaked in a dormancy-breaking agent for 24 hours. Afterward, the bulbs were rinsed thoroughly with running water and then air-dried outdoors for two days in a sunny weather. The dormancy-breaking agent was a solution containing thiourea, ZT, TDZ, and IAA, with concentrations of 0.0015 wt.% for thiourea, 0.002 wt.% for ZT, 0.0002 wt.% for TDZ, and 0.0002 wt.% for IAA. During this period, the white konjac was about to enter dormancy; therefore, soaking it in the agent quickly broke the dormancy, facilitating the later selection of flowering plants.

[0217] 2.2 Germination and Classification

[0218] (1) Sprouting

[0219] In mid-to-late December of that year, the treated white konjac bulbs were sown in the substrate soil of the greenhouse nutrient tank, with the top of the bulb about 5cm below the soil surface. The substrate soil moisture was controlled at 70%-80%, and the temperature at 5cm depth was 22-25℃. The temperature inside the greenhouse was maintained at 28℃. After sowing, the nutrient tank was completely covered from top to bottom with white plastic film to increase temperature and retain moisture. Generally, after 2-3 weeks, the apical buds of the white konjac bulbs could be observed to sprout and grow.

[0220] (2) Classification

[0221] Flowering plants and non-flowering plants can be distinguished by the growth of the terminal bud. Generally, if the terminal bud reaches a length of 1.0-1.5cm or more during this period, it can be identified as a flowering plant, while the terminal bud of a non-flowering plant is inside the bud socket and its growth is not obvious.

[0222] For the treatment of flowering plants of white konjac, conventional methods in this industry can be used. The main purpose here is to distinguish between flowering and non-flowering plants of white konjac.

[0223] 2.3 Flower bud induction

[0224] From mid-January to mid-February of the following year, the terminal buds of white konjac grow relatively slowly. At this time, flower bud induction treatment should be performed on the terminal buds. During this period, select non-flowering white konjac corms and place them upright on greenhouse substrate soil. Drip the induction solution onto the bud sockets of the white konjac corms. Use a pipette to apply an appropriate amount based on the size and depth of the bud socket. After dripping onto each corm, wrap the bud socket with plastic wrap. Repeat this process, finally covering all corms with black mulch. Drip the solution every two days, for a total of five drips. Finally, wash the bud sockets of the corms and air-dry them outdoors for two days on a sunny day. The induction solution is a solution containing GA3, 6-BA, and brassinolide. The concentration of GA3 in the solution is 0.004 wt.%, the concentration of 6-BA is 0.002 wt.%, and the concentration of brassinolide is 0.005 wt.%. This induction solution can induce flowering in young and non-flowering white konjac plants.

[0225] 2.4 Temperature Accumulation Treatment

[0226] After processing, the white konjac bulbs are sown in greenhouse substrate soil, with the top of the bulb 8-10cm below the soil surface. The substrate soil moisture is controlled at 50%-60%, and the soil temperature at a depth of 10cm is controlled at 15-18℃ (at this time, the substrate soil temperature and humidity should not be too high to avoid rapid elongation of the terminal bud, which can cause aging buds and rot at the bud base). The indoor temperature is 22℃. Generally, after 4-5 weeks, starting in late March, the terminal buds of the white konjac will begin to emerge from the soil. At this time, the white konjac bulbs are dug up and sown into nutrient pots for easy pollination and management later.

[0227] 2.5 Temperature, humidity, and light control

[0228] From late March to mid-April of the same year, the terminal buds of the white konjac are in a rapid emergence stage, while from late April to early May, they are in the flower differentiation and growth period. At this time, appropriate adjustments should be made to the white konjac according to its flowering period. In this example, the white konjac regulated generally flowers and sheds pollen in mid-May. Therefore, during this period, it is necessary to regulate the light, temperature, and humidity in the greenhouse to ensure that the white konjac flowers and sheds pollen in a timely manner in early to mid-May.

[0229] During this period, keep the soil moisture in the nutrient pot below 40%, control the temperature in the greenhouse at 22℃ and the humidity at 40%, and the light intensity should be the same as outdoor natural light. If there is a long period of continuous rain or cloudy and cold weather, turn on the supplemental light in time and adjust the light intensity to 4000LX, with 8 / 16 hours of light (8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness) to ensure that the flower buds on the bulb grow, develop and bloom naturally.

[0230] 3. Inducing pollen shedding (using white konjac as the female parent and flower konjac as the male parent)

[0231] 3.1 Stamen Treatment

[0232] By mid-May of the same year, the flower buds of the Amorphophallus konjac had basically matured, and the white Amorphophallus konjac had also entered the flowering stage.

[0233] 3. If the weather is sunny during this period, the outdoor temperature is above 25℃, and the light intensity is greater than 8000LX, then open the greenhouse shading net and control the indoor humidity at 70%. Generally, the spathe will open within 4-5 days, and the stigma of the pistil will begin to secrete mucus within 2-3 days after the spathe opens. The stamens will also begin to enter the mature pollen shedding period.

[0234] 2. If there is continuous rain or cloudy weather with a drop in temperature, supplemental lighting and blowers should be turned on to provide supplemental lighting and increase temperature. The light intensity should be controlled to be greater than 4000 LX, and the light duration should be 8 / 16 hours (8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness). The room temperature should be set at 32℃ and the humidity at 75% to encourage flowering plants to open their spathes in time and induce the stamens to grow and mature quickly, so as to avoid missing the period when the stigma of the pistil secretes mucus.

[0235] (1) Remove the stamens

[0236] Once the spathe of the Amorphophallus konjac opens and the appendages begin to secrete mucus, promptly cut off the stamens. Then, trim the appendages at the upper end of the stamens, leaving about 10cm in length. Depending on the stickiness of the stigma of the Amorphophallus konjac, if it is weak or nonexistent, wrap the cut stamens in a leather bag and refrigerate them at 10℃ and 50% humidity.

[0237] (3) Induction treatment

[0238] After cutting off one end of the attachment, the remaining part and the inside of the stamen are hollow. Using a handheld sprayer, spray the bio-hormone solution into the inside of the attachment with the long nozzle, spraying three times consecutively. Then seal the end of the attachment with plastic wrap and spray again after two days. The bio-hormone solution contains 6-BA, KT, and IBA, with a concentration of 0.0004% for 6-BA, 0.00005% for KT, and 0.0002% for IBA. This bio-hormone solution contains a low concentration of hormones, and stimulation with this solution can better induce the stamens to quickly and promptly release pollen, especially during prolonged periods of rain or overcast, cold weather.

[0239] (3) Loose powder

[0240] Place the processed Amorphophallus konjac stamens in sterile culture bottles, with the stamen ends facing down against the bottle wall, and leave a breathable filter membrane on the bottle cap. Finally, place the bottles in a light incubator. The pollen shedding time is controlled according to the stickiness of the stigma of the Amorphophallus konjac pistil: if the stigma is sticky, set the light intensity of the incubator to 6000 LX, the light duration to 12 / 12h (12h light time, 12h dark time), the temperature to 28℃, and the humidity to 70%, and pollen will generally shedding in 8-12 hours; if the stigma is less sticky, pollination needs to be delayed by two days, so set the light intensity of the incubator to 3000 LX, the light duration to 6 / 18h (6h light time, 18h dark time), the temperature to 18℃, and the humidity to 50%, and pollen will generally shedding in 3-5 days.

[0241] 3.2 Treatment of pistils

[0242] After cutting the stamens, cover the entire pistil of the Amorphophallus konjac flower with a leather bag, and seal the bottom of the bag tightly with plastic wrap. Meanwhile, adjust the greenhouse conditions according to the stickiness of the pistil stigma. Generally, maintain indoor humidity at 75%, provide shade with a shade net, and control the indoor temperature at 22℃. This will keep the pistil stigma sticky for 4-6 days, allowing sufficient time for pollen dispersal and artificial pollination.

[0243] 4. Adhesion pollination method

[0244] A pollination device is used for pollination, comprising a handle 1, a connecting rod 4 movably connected to one end of the handle 1, a first arc-shaped plate 5 fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod 4 away from the handle 1, arc length adjustment components symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first arc plate 5, a length adjustment component for adjusting the length of the connecting rod 4 installed on the handle 1, and an arc adjustment component installed at the end of the handle 1 away from the connecting rod 4. The arc adjustment components are used to adjust the arc of the first arc plate 5, and the arc length adjustment components include components slidably disposed on both sides of the first arc plate 5. The second arc-shaped plate 6 slides along the arc length direction of the first arc-shaped plate 5. A limiting groove 8 is fixedly connected to the second arc-shaped plate 6. An arc-shaped rack 7 is fixedly connected to the first arc-shaped plate 5 and slides within the limiting groove 8. A gear 10 is rotatably connected to the outside of the limiting groove 8 and meshes with the arc-shaped rack 7. A second worm gear 11 is shaft-connected to the gear 10 and meshes with an arc length adjusting bolt 9. The arc length adjusting bolt 9 is rotatably connected to the limiting groove 8. The arc length adjusting bolts on the two second arc-shaped plates 6 are... Bolts 9 are symmetrically arranged; the length adjustment component includes a spacing adjustment bolt 3 rotatably connected to the handle 1, the spacing adjustment bolt 3 being coaxial with the connecting rod 4 and threadedly engaged; the curvature adjustment component includes two second threading channels 401 opened in the connecting rod 4, a first threading channel 101 and two threading openings 102 opened in the handle 1, the two threading openings 102 being connected to one end of the first threading channel 101, one end of a rope being fixedly connected to the second arc plate 6 respectively, one rope passing through one of the second threading channels 401, one of the threading openings 102, and the first threading channel 101 in sequence, and connecting to the curvature adjustment part, the other rope passing through the other second threading channel 401, the other threading opening 102, and the first threading channel 101 in sequence, and connecting to the curvature adjustment part; the curvature adjustment part includes a curvature adjustment bolt 2 rotatably connected to the handle 1, the curvature adjustment bolt 2 engaging with a first worm gear 201, the rope being fixedly connected to the shaft of the first worm gear 201, the first worm gear 201 being rotatably connected inside the handle 1, specifically as follows. Figures 6-9 As shown.

[0245] Comparative Example 5

[0246] 1. Flowering plants of Amorphophallus konjac: Before the winter of 2022, select individual plants from the large harvested population or farm-grown plants. If any plant is found to be flowering, suspected to be flowering, or found to be flowering in the field the following year, bring it back and dig it up. There is no specific selection; any flowering plant is acceptable.

[0247] 2. White Konjac: Collect white konjac bulbs with larger tubers from local farms or group cultivation. As long as the tubers are not damaged, it is fine. Do not pay attention to the variety and efficiency. This often results in many white konjac plants that are not flowering plants being selected. It is a rather blind approach.

[0248] 3. Preservation: The selected white and flower konjac arums were stored together in a warehouse at a temperature of 5℃ and a humidity of 45%, without any other special treatment. Storing them from mid-to-late November 2022 to mid-March of the following year would result in the flower buds of the flower konjac arum continuing to grow, generally starting to flower and shed pollen in late March of the following year, with a large number of aging buds. In contrast, the flower and leaf buds of the white konjac arum grow more slowly, making it difficult to identify flowering plants in early to mid-March. This significantly impacted the selection and early treatment of flowering white konjac arum plants.

[0249] 4. Sowing and pollination: Sow white konjac and flower konjac in a greenhouse, using white konjac as the female parent and flower konjac as the male parent. Select random pollination based on the flowering situation, that is, pollinate the ones that flower at the same time first for hybridization.

[0250] Experimental Example 3

[0251] The flowering rate, fruit setting rate, average number of berries per spike, and average weight of 100 berries of Amorphophallus konjac in Example 4 and Comparative Example 5 were investigated. The results are shown in Table 3. Figure 5 As shown.

[0252] Table 3. Statistical comparison of fruit set of white konjac.

[0253] deal with Flowering rate of white konjac White konjac fruit set rate Average number of berries per bunch Average weight of 100 berries Example 4 98.06 95.33％ 29-45 15±3g Comparative Example 5 7.29％ 5.94％ 12-22 10±2g

[0254] As shown in Table 3, the method provided by this invention can significantly improve the flowering rate, fruit setting rate, average number of berries per spike, and average weight of 100 berries of Amorphophallus konjac.

[0255] The present invention also provides a pollination device for implementing the pollination process steps in the foregoing embodiments, including a handle 1, a connecting rod 4 movably connected to one end of the handle 1, a first arc plate 5 fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod 4 away from the handle 1, arc length adjustment components symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first arc plate 5, a length adjustment component for adjusting the length of the connecting rod 4 installed on the handle 1, and an arc adjustment component installed at the end of the handle 1 away from the connecting rod 4, the arc adjustment component being used to adjust the arc of the first arc plate 5.

[0256] The scheme is further optimized. The arc length adjustment component includes a second arc plate 6 that is slidably disposed on both sides of the first arc plate 5. The second arc plate 6 slides along the arc length direction of the first arc plate 5. An arc length adjustment bolt 9 is rotatably connected to the second arc plate 6. A limit groove 8 and an adjusting nut are fixedly connected to the first arc plate 5. The arc length adjustment bolt 9 is threadedly connected to the adjusting nut. An arc-shaped slide bar 7 is fixedly connected to the second arc plate 6. The arc-shaped slide bar 7 slides in cooperation with the limit groove 8. The arc length adjustment bolts 9 on the two second arc plates 6 are symmetrically arranged.

[0257] The length adjustment assembly includes a spacing adjustment bolt 3 rotatably connected to the handle 1, the spacing adjustment bolt 3 being coaxial with the connecting rod 4 and threadedly engaged;

[0258] The curvature adjustment component includes two second threading channels 401 opened in the connecting rod 4, and a first threading channel 101 and two threading openings 102 opened in the handle 1. The two threading openings 102 are connected to one end of the first threading channel 101. One end of a rope is fixedly connected to the second arc plate 6. One rope passes through one of the second threading channels 401, one of the threading openings 102 and the first threading channel 101 in sequence, and is connected to the curvature adjustment part. Another rope passes through another second threading channel 401, another threading opening 102 and the first threading channel 101 in sequence, and is connected to the curvature adjustment part.

[0259] The curvature adjustment part includes a curvature adjustment bolt 2 rotatably connected to the handle 1. The curvature adjustment bolt 2 engages with a worm gear 201. A rope is fixedly connected to the shaft of the worm gear 201. The worm gear 201 is rotatably connected inside the handle 1.

[0260] The first arc plate 5 and the second arc plate 6 are made of elastic material. By rotating the arc length adjusting bolt 9, the second arc plate 6 can be moved, allowing it to move away from or closer to the first arc plate 5, thus adjusting the arc length of the entire pollination device. By rotating the arc adjustment bolt 2, the worm gear 201 rotates, allowing the worm gear 201 to wind up or unwind the rope. When the rope is winded up, it pulls the second arc plate 6, increasing the arc of the first arc plate 5 and the second arc plate 6. When the rope is unwinded, the first arc plate 5 and the second arc plate 6 return to their initial state under their own elastic force. Since the interaction between the worm gear 201 and the arc adjustment bolt 2 has a self-locking function, even after adjusting the bending arc of the first arc plate 5 and the second arc plate 6, they will not return to their previous state, providing a convenient device for pollination.

[0261] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for artificial hybridization of konjac, characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) Treatment of Amorphophallus konjac 1.1) Flowering Amorphophallus konjac plants are collected in October or November of the same year and stored at low temperature; the terminal bud of the flowering Amorphophallus konjac plants is 0.5-1 cm in length; 1.2) From late December of the current year to mid-January of the following year, the collected Amorphophallus konjac in step 1.1) is screened to obtain screened Amorphophallus konjac; the screening criteria are: retain Amorphophallus konjac with smooth skin, shallow bud sockets, full terminal buds, no disease spots or insect eyes, thick skin, 8-10 rhizomes, rhizome length between 10-15cm, glucomannan content >45%, and resistance to browning; 1.3) After treating the buds and terminal buds of the selected Amorphophallus konjac with a drop-coating agent using a flower bud inhibitor, the flowers are dried and preserved to obtain a flower Amorphophallus konjac with a drop-coating agent; the flower bud inhibitor is 0.2wt.%-0.3wt.% of quinacrine and 0.001wt.%-0.002wt.% of ABA; the drop-coating agent treatment is performed 5-6 times. 1.4) From late January to late March of the following year, the flowering konjac after the drip coating treatment was subjected to cold storage, drip treatment, and sun drying treatment in sequence to obtain the regulated flowering konjac; the growth regulating solution used in the drip treatment was 0.0005wt.%-0.001wt.% of 2,4-D and 0.15wt.%-0.25wt.% of paclobutrazol; 1.5) In April of the following year, the regulated Amorphophallus konjac was dried and cultured to obtain Amorphophallus konjac that began to grow spathes; the culture temperature was 16-18℃, the humidity was 40%-50%, and the light intensity was 3000-4000 LX. (2) White konjac processing 2.1) The white konjac was subjected to cold and heat treatment from late October to mid-November of the same year, and then soaked in water from late November to early December of the same year to obtain pretreated white konjac; the cold and heat treatment included cold treatment and heat treatment; the temperature of the cold treatment was 4℃ and the time was 5-7 days; the temperature of the heat treatment was 28-30℃ and the time was 5-7 days, the humidity was 60%-70%, the light intensity was 8000-12000LX, and the light exposure time was 8h; One cold treatment and one heat treatment constitute one cycle, and two cycles are performed in total; the immersion treatment uses 0.0015wt.%-0.0025wt.% thiourea, 0.001wt.%-0.002wt.% ZT, 0.0002wt.%-0.0004wt.% TDZ and 0.0001wt.%-0.0002wt.% TAA; 2.2) In mid-to-late December of the same year, the pretreated white konjac was sown and flowering white konjac was selected to obtain flowering white konjac; the selection criteria were: white konjac with terminal bud length >1.0cm was retained; 2.3) In late January to mid-February of the following year, flower buds of the flowering white konjac were induced using an induction solution to obtain induced white konjac; the induction solution consisted of 0.002 wt.%-0.004 wt.% GA3, 0.001 wt.%-0.002 wt.% 6-BA and 0.005 wt.%-0.01 wt.% brassinolide; 2.4) The induced white konjac is subjected to an accumulated temperature treatment to obtain white konjac with accumulated temperature treatment; the accumulated temperature treatment temperature is 22-25℃ and the time is 27-35 days; 2.5) From late March to early May of the following year, the growth environment of the white konjac after the accumulated temperature treatment was regulated to obtain white konjac ready to flower; the temperature of the growth environment was 18-22℃, the humidity was 30%-40%, the light intensity was 4000-5000LX, and the light duration was 8h. (3) Pollination treatment 3.1) In early to mid-May, the pollen shedding period of the stamens of the Amorphophallus konjac that has begun to grow spathe and the Amorphophallus konjac that is about to bloom is regulated, pruned, induced, and pollinated; the biological hormone solution used for induction is 0.0002%-0.0004% 6-BA, 0.00005%-0.0001% KT, and 0.0001%-0.0002% IBA; 3.2) After the stamens are removed, the pollen of the flower konjac is used to pollinate the mature white konjac pistil, and the pollen of the white konjac is used to pollinate the mature flower konjac pistil.

2. The method for artificial hybridization of konjac according to claim 1, wherein in step 1.4), the temperature of the cold storage treatment is 4-6℃ and the humidity is 30%-40%.

3. The method for artificial hybridization of konjac according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3.1), the regulation includes method one or method two; Method one involves opening the greenhouse shading net when the weather is sunny, the temperature is >25℃, and the light intensity is >6000LX, and controlling the indoor humidity at 75%-85%. Method 2 refers to continuous rainy weather or cloudy and cool weather. In this case, the supplemental lighting and blower are turned on to supplement the lighting and increase the temperature. The light intensity is controlled to be >4000LX, the lighting time is 8 hours, the temperature is 28-32℃, and the humidity is 75%-85%.

Images