Biological filler for purifying human excreta and method for preparing the same

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of biological fillings for purifying human excreta, raw materials include: core and shell, the raw materials of core include: activated sludge 10-15 parts, sponge iron 1-2 parts, sodium alginate 4-6 parts by weight portion;The raw materials of shell include: sodium-based montmorillonite 4-6 parts, glucose 1-2 parts, magnesium oxide 0.5-1 parts, polyvinyl alcohol 8-12 parts, sodium alginate 2-3 parts by weight portion.The application also discloses the preparation method of the above-mentioned biological fillings for purifying human excreta, including the following steps: taking activated sludge, sponge iron, sodium alginate, mixing uniformly, granulating, spraying curing agent solution on the surface of particle to solidify, to obtain core;Sodium-based montmorillonite is mixed with glucose aqueous solution, then mixed with sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol mixed aqueous solution, then add magnesium oxide, core is mixed uniformly, then drop into curing agent solution, solidify, solid-liquid separation, to obtain biological fillings for purifying human excreta.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of human excrement treatment technology, and in particular to a biological packing material for purifying human excrement and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] The traditional "flushing toilet - municipal pipe network - sewage treatment plant - receiving water body" model for fecal and urine treatment has improved toilet hygiene, reduced the spread of diseases, and made a significant contribution to the advancement of toilet civilization. However, in today's advocacy of "ecological civilization," this treatment model has exposed many problems, such as: using water as a medium to transport fecal and urine requires a large amount of water resources; and it increases the C, N, and P removal load and operating costs of sewage treatment plants.

[0003] Source separation and collection of feces and urine through toilets is considered the most promising model for improving the sustainability of wastewater resource management. However, portable toilets have limited water storage capacity, and urine develops odors over long periods of storage. Therefore, urine can be purified and recycled for flushing. However, current methods are not very effective at purifying urine, and improvements in purification efficiency are needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the technical problems existing in the background art, the present invention proposes a biological packing material for purifying human excrement and its preparation method. The biological packing material of the present invention has a good purification effect on urine.

[0005] This invention proposes a biological packing material for purifying human excrement, the raw materials of which include: a core and a shell.

[0006] The core material, by weight, includes: 10-15 parts activated sludge, 1-2 parts sponge iron, and 4-6 parts sodium alginate;

[0007] The raw materials for the shell layer include, by weight: 4-6 parts sodium montmorillonite, 1-2 parts glucose, 0.5-1 parts magnesium oxide, 8-12 parts polyvinyl alcohol, and 2-3 parts sodium alginate.

[0008] Preferably, human excrement is human urine.

[0009] Preferably, the water content of the activated sludge is 70-80 wt%.

[0010] Preferably, the activated sludge is activated sludge that has been acclimated to human urine.

[0011] The weight ratio of the core material to the shell material is 15-23:15.5-24.

[0012] The above-mentioned method of acclimation with human urine includes: adding activated sludge from urban sewage treatment to human urine diluted 20-30 times, purifying for 10-14 days, and testing for urea removal rate >99%. After drainage, adding human urine diluted 8-10 times, continuing purification for 10-14 days, and testing for urea removal rate >99%. After drainage, adding human urine diluted 1-3 times, continuing purification for 10-14 days, and testing for urea removal rate >99%. After drainage, activated sludge acclimated with human urine is obtained.

[0013] During the above urine acclimatization process, the purification treatment involves first 1-1.5 hours of anaerobic stirring, followed by 5-6 hours of aeration, then 1-1.5 hours of anaerobic stirring, and then 5-6 hours of aeration each day.

[0014] This invention also proposes a method for preparing the above-mentioned biological filler for purifying human excrement, comprising the following steps: taking activated sludge, sponge iron, and sodium alginate, mixing them evenly, granulating them, spraying a curing agent solution onto the surface of the granules for curing, and obtaining a core; mixing sodium montmorillonite with glucose aqueous solution, then mixing it with a mixed aqueous solution of sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol, then adding magnesium oxide and the core and mixing it evenly, then adding it dropwise to the curing agent solution for curing, and separating the solid and liquid to obtain the biological filler for purifying human excrement.

[0015] Preferably, the curing agent is calcium chloride.

[0016] Preferably, the curing agent solution has a mass fraction of 3-5 wt%.

[0017] Preferably, a curing agent solution is sprayed onto the surface of the particles and cured at room temperature for 4-6 hours.

[0018] Preferably, the concentration of the glucose aqueous solution is 0.02-0.04 g / ml.

[0019] Preferably, in the mixed aqueous solution of sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol, the mass fraction of sodium alginate is 2-3 wt%, and the mass fraction of polyvinyl alcohol is 8-12 wt%.

[0020] Preferably, it is then added dropwise to the curing agent solution and cured at room temperature for 8-10 hours.

[0021] All of the above-mentioned sponge iron, sodium alginate, sodium montmorillonite, glucose, magnesium oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, and calcium chloride were sterilized before use, and all of the above-mentioned water was sterile water.

[0022] Beneficial effects:

[0023] This invention uses activated sludge that has been acclimated to human urine, making the nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in the activated sludge more adaptable to the high-salt environment of urine. The invention also combines activated sludge with an appropriate amount of sponge iron, significantly improving its ammonia nitrogen removal and urine purification effects. Furthermore, sodium-based montmorillonite is first mixed with glucose, allowing the montmorillonite to adsorb a large amount of glucose, enabling the slow release of glucose and providing a carbon source for nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. This avoids the problem of low carbon source content in urine hindering microbial reproduction and reducing purification efficiency. The combination of sodium montmorillonite and magnesium oxide can maintain nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in a weakly alkaline environment, promoting their reproduction. In addition, the layered structure of sodium montmorillonite, the porous structure of sponge iron, and the cross-linked network structure of sodium alginate work together to give the packing material a high porosity, which can improve the mass transfer performance of the packing material and the reproduction of microorganisms, thereby improving the purification effect. Furthermore, the core contains porous sponge iron and network sodium alginate, while the shell contains layered sodium montmorillonite, sodium alginate, and polyvinyl alcohol, which can improve the mechanical properties of the packing material. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention will now be described in detail through specific embodiments.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A biological packing material for purifying human excrement, the raw materials of which include: a core and a shell.

[0027] The raw materials for the core, by weight, include: 10 parts activated sludge, 1 part sponge iron, and 6 parts sodium alginate;

[0028] The raw materials for the shell layer include, by weight: 4 parts sodium montmorillonite, 1 part glucose, 1 part magnesium oxide, 8 parts polyvinyl alcohol, and 3 parts sodium alginate.

[0029] The activated sludge is activated sludge acclimated to human urine. The acclimation method includes: adding activated sludge used for treating urban domestic sewage to human urine diluted 30 times, purifying for 12 days, and testing that the urea removal rate is >99%. After drainage, adding human urine diluted 10 times, continuing the purification for 12 days, and testing that the urea removal rate is >99%. After drainage, adding human urine diluted 1 time, continuing the purification for 12 days, and testing that the urea removal rate is >99%. After drainage, activated sludge acclimated to human urine is obtained, with a water content of 70-80 wt%. During the above purification process, the sludge is first anoxically stirred for 1.5 hours, then aerated for 6 hours, then anoxically stirred for 1.5 hours, and then aerated for 6 hours each day.

[0030] The preparation method of the above-mentioned biological packing material for purifying human excrement includes the following steps: Take activated sludge, sponge iron, and sodium alginate, mix them evenly, granulate them, spray a 3wt% calcium chloride aqueous solution on the surface of the granules, and cure at room temperature for 6 hours to obtain the core; Mix sodium montmorillonite with a glucose aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.02 g / ml, then mix it with a mixed aqueous solution of sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol with a mass fraction of 3wt% and 8wt% respectively, then add magnesium oxide and the core and mix evenly, then dropwise add it to a 3wt% calcium chloride aqueous solution, cure at room temperature for 10 hours, centrifuge, wash with water, and dry to obtain the biological packing material for purifying human excrement.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] A biological packing material for purifying human excrement, the raw materials of which include: a core and a shell.

[0033] The raw materials for the core, by weight, include: 15 parts activated sludge, 2 parts sponge iron, and 4 parts sodium alginate;

[0034] The raw materials for the shell layer include, by weight: 6 parts sodium montmorillonite, 2 parts glucose, 0.5 parts magnesium oxide, 12 parts polyvinyl alcohol, and 2 parts sodium alginate;

[0035] The activated sludge is activated sludge acclimated to human urine. The acclimation method includes: adding activated sludge used for treating urban domestic sewage to human urine diluted 30 times, purifying for 12 days, and testing that the urea removal rate is >99%. After drainage, adding human urine diluted 10 times, continuing the purification for 12 days, and testing that the urea removal rate is >99%. After drainage, adding human urine diluted 1 time, continuing the purification for 12 days, and testing that the urea removal rate is >99%. After drainage, activated sludge acclimated to human urine is obtained, with a water content of 70-80 wt%. During the above purification process, the sludge is first anoxically stirred for 1.5 hours, then aerated for 6 hours, then anoxically stirred for 1.5 hours, and then aerated for 6 hours each day.

[0036] The preparation method of the above-mentioned biological packing material for purifying human excrement includes the following steps: Take activated sludge, sponge iron, and sodium alginate, mix them evenly, granulate them, spray a 5 wt% calcium chloride aqueous solution on the surface of the granules, and cure at room temperature for 4 hours to obtain the core; Mix sodium montmorillonite with a glucose aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.04 g / ml, then mix it with a mixed aqueous solution of sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol with a mass fraction of 2 wt% and 12 wt% respectively, then add magnesium oxide and the core and mix evenly, then dropwise add it to a 5 wt% calcium chloride aqueous solution, cure at room temperature for 8 hours, centrifuge, wash with water, and dry to obtain the biological packing material for purifying human excrement.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] A biological packing material for purifying human excrement, the raw materials of which include: a core and a shell.

[0039] The raw materials for the core, by weight, include: 12 parts activated sludge, 1.5 parts sponge iron, and 5 parts sodium alginate;

[0040] The raw materials for the shell layer include, by weight: 5 parts sodium montmorillonite, 1.5 parts glucose, 0.5 parts magnesium oxide, 10 parts polyvinyl alcohol, and 3 parts sodium alginate.

[0041] The activated sludge is activated sludge acclimated to human urine. The acclimation method includes: adding activated sludge used for treating urban domestic sewage to human urine diluted 30 times, purifying for 12 days, and testing that the urea removal rate is >99%. After drainage, adding human urine diluted 10 times, continuing the purification for 12 days, and testing that the urea removal rate is >99%. After drainage, adding human urine diluted 1 time, continuing the purification for 12 days, and testing that the urea removal rate is >99%. After drainage, activated sludge acclimated to human urine is obtained, with a water content of 70-80 wt%. During the above purification process, the sludge is first anoxically stirred for 1.5 hours, then aerated for 6 hours, then anoxically stirred for 1.5 hours, and then aerated for 6 hours each day.

[0042] The preparation method of the above-mentioned biological packing material for purifying human excrement includes the following steps: Take activated sludge, sponge iron, and sodium alginate, mix them evenly, granulate them, spray a 4 wt% calcium chloride aqueous solution on the surface of the granules, and cure at room temperature for 5 hours to obtain the core; Mix sodium montmorillonite with a glucose aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.03 g / ml, then mix it with a mixed aqueous solution of sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol with a mass fraction of 3 wt% and a mass fraction of 10 wt%; then add magnesium oxide and the core and mix evenly; then dropwise add it to a 4 wt% calcium chloride aqueous solution, cure at room temperature for 9 hours, centrifuge, wash with water, and dry to obtain the biological packing material for purifying human excrement.

[0043] Comparative Example 1

[0044] It does not contain sponge iron, and is otherwise the same as in Example 3.

[0045] Comparative Example 2

[0046] It does not contain sodium-based montmorillonite, and is otherwise the same as in Example 3.

[0047] Comparative Example 3

[0048] It contains no glucose, and is otherwise the same as in Example 3.

[0049] Comparative Example 4

[0050] It does not contain magnesium oxide, and is otherwise the same as in Example 3.

[0051] Comparative Example 5

[0052] The core was prepared according to the method in Example 3.

[0053] Human urine was collected, filtered, diluted 1:1, and divided into 8 equal portions. The packing materials from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were then added to each portion at a concentration of 8 g / L. The mixture was first anoxically induced and stirred for 1.5 h, then aerated for 6 h, followed by another 1.5 h of anoxic stirring, then another 6 h of aeration, and finally settled for 0.5 h. The water was then drained and filtered to obtain purified water. The purified water was tested according to GB / T18920-2020, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0054] The content of urea was determined by diacetyl monooxime spectrophotometry.

[0055] Table 1 Test Results

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] As can be seen from Table 1, by selecting specific raw materials and preparing fillers with specific structures, the present invention can achieve good urine purification effect and can achieve rapid start-up purification.

[0059] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biological packing material for purifying human excrement, characterized in that, Its raw materials include: core and shell. The core material, by weight, includes: 10-15 parts activated sludge, 1-2 parts sponge iron, and 4-6 parts sodium alginate; The raw materials for the shell layer include, by weight: 4-6 parts sodium montmorillonite, 1-2 parts glucose, 0.5-1 part magnesium oxide, 8-12 parts polyvinyl alcohol, and 2-3 parts sodium alginate. Human excrement is urine; The water content of activated sludge is 70-80 wt%; Activated sludge is activated sludge that has been acclimated to human urine; The preparation method of the biological packing material for purifying human excrement includes the following steps: taking activated sludge, sponge iron, and sodium alginate, mixing them evenly, granulating them, spraying a curing agent solution onto the surface of the granules for curing, and obtaining a core; mixing sodium montmorillonite with glucose aqueous solution, then mixing it with a mixed aqueous solution of sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol, then adding magnesium oxide and the core and mixing it evenly, then adding it dropwise to the curing agent solution for curing, and separating the solid and liquid to obtain the biological packing material for purifying human excrement; The curing agent is calcium chloride; The curing agent solution has a mass fraction of 3-5 wt%. Spray a curing agent solution onto the surface of the particles and cure at room temperature for 4-6 hours. The concentration of the glucose aqueous solution is 0.02-0.04 g / ml; In a mixed aqueous solution of sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol, the mass fraction of sodium alginate is 2-3 wt%, and the mass fraction of polyvinyl alcohol is 8-12 wt%. Then add it dropwise to the curing agent solution and cure at room temperature for 8-10 hours.

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