An avalanche protection system

Abstract

The application provides an avalanche protection system and relates to the technical field of disaster prevention. The avalanche protection system comprises a first blocking device, an energy dissipation device and a second blocking device which are sequentially arranged along the slope direction of a mountain slope surface. The first blocking device comprises a plurality of blocking nets which are arranged at intervals along the slope direction. The blocking net close to the slope top covers the snow on the slope surface, and the plane where the blocking net away from the slope top intersects with the slope surface. The energy dissipation device comprises at least one energy dissipation pool, and the plurality of blocking nets are sequentially arranged along the slope direction. The second blocking device comprises a plurality of blocking dams which are arranged at intervals along the slope direction. A plurality of openings are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the blocking dam, and the openings of adjacent blocking dams are arranged in a staggered manner. In the application, the blocking is replaced by dredging, and the energy dissipation measure is combined, so that the energy of the avalanche is gradually reduced when the avalanche occurs, and thus the protection system can play a more effective protection role.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of disaster prevention technology, and in particular to an avalanche protection system. Background Technology

[0002] Avalanche protection systems primarily target the avalanche occurrence and movement zones. During an avalanche, due to its high altitude, it possesses significant potential energy. As it accumulates from the mountaintop to the bottom accumulation zone, it undergoes multiple accelerations. Given its enormous kinetic energy and volume, conventional barrier measures are largely ineffective and costly to place in the avalanche occurrence and movement zones. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an avalanche protection system that replaces blocking with dredging in avalanche prevention and control, and combines it with energy dissipation measures to reduce the energy of the avalanche at the time of occurrence and prevent the volume from increasing, thereby enabling the protection system to play a more effective protective role.

[0004] This application provides the following technical solution:

[0005] This application provides an avalanche protection system, which includes a primary barrier device, an energy dissipation device, and a secondary barrier device, wherein the primary barrier device, the energy dissipation device, and the secondary barrier device are arranged sequentially along the slope direction of the mountain slope; wherein

[0006] The primary barrier device includes multiple barrier nets, which are spaced apart along the slope. The barrier nets near the top of the slope are covered by snow on the slope, while the plane of the barrier nets away from the top of the slope intersects with the slope.

[0007] The energy dissipation device includes at least one energy dissipation pool. When there are multiple energy dissipation pools, multiple barrier nets are arranged sequentially along the slope.

[0008] The secondary barrier device includes multiple barrier dams, which are spaced apart along the slope. Each barrier dam has multiple openings, which are spaced apart along the extension direction of the barrier dam, and the openings of adjacent barrier dams are staggered.

[0009] In one embodiment, the mesh size of the plurality of barrier nets gradually decreases along the slope.

[0010] In one embodiment, the bottom of the energy dissipation pool is provided with a buffer layer.

[0011] In one embodiment, the bottom surface shape of the energy dissipation pool includes one of the following shapes:

[0012] Flat slopes, concave slopes, and wavy slopes.

[0013] In one embodiment, the energy dissipation pool is formed by a recessed area of ​​the slope, and the surface of the energy dissipation pool is provided with a protective layer.

[0014] In one embodiment, the energy dissipation device further includes:

[0015] An energy dissipation dam is installed upstream of the energy dissipation pool and is close to the energy dissipation pool.

[0016] In one embodiment, the energy dissipation dam includes a dam body and fixed piles connected together. The dam body is disposed above the slope, and the fixed piles are disposed below the slope. The width of the dam body gradually decreases in the direction away from the slope.

[0017] In one embodiment, the secondary barrier device further includes a sedimentation tank, a filter, and a water storage tank, wherein the sedimentation tank, the filter, and the water storage tank are arranged sequentially along the slope, the sedimentation tank is used to receive snow water flowing through the opening, and the sedimentation tank is connected to the water storage tank through the filter.

[0018] In one embodiment, the avalanche protection system further includes:

[0019] A monitoring and early warning device includes a data acquisition module and an early warning control module, which are electrically connected. The data acquisition module is installed at a monitoring point on the slope and is used to acquire real-time environmental data from the monitoring point. The early warning control module is used to receive and process the real-time environmental data from the data acquisition module and determine whether to issue an early warning based on the processing result.

[0020] In one embodiment, the acquisition module includes a horizontal deformation monitoring sensor, a vertical deformation monitoring sensor, a rotational deformation monitoring sensor, and a data acquisition controller. The horizontal deformation monitoring sensor, the vertical deformation monitoring sensor, and the rotational deformation monitoring sensor are electrically connected to the data acquisition controller, and the data acquisition controller is electrically connected to the early warning control module. Specifically, the horizontal deformation monitoring sensor acquires displacement deformation data of the monitoring point in the horizontal direction, the vertical deformation monitoring sensor acquires displacement deformation data of the monitoring point in the vertical direction, and the rotational deformation monitoring sensor acquires rotational deformation data of the ground at the monitoring point.

[0021] The embodiments of this application have the following advantages:

[0022] This application provides an avalanche protection system. The barrier net is a protective net made of a specific material of steel wire rope, which has good flexibility and high strength, and can withstand large impact and tensile forces. Its high strength and durability can enhance the stability of the protective net and its ability to protect against snow accumulation. The barrier net is fixed to the top of the slope to prevent snow from sliding in the source area at the top of the slope. Even if a small amount of snow slides, it will not cause a large amount of snow to slide, thus reducing the volume of the avalanche. The energy dissipation device is arranged below the barrier net, and its main function is to dissipate the impact energy brought by the sliding of a large amount of snow. The secondary barrier device is set at the bottom of the mountain slope. Its main function is to block the excessive snow when the barrier net and energy dissipation device above are insufficient to support a large area of ​​snow accumulation during a large-scale avalanche, and to prevent the snow from continuing to slide and collapse, destroying large areas of forest, farmland, houses, factories, roads, vehicles, etc., and affecting human production activities and the natural environment.

[0023] Therefore, this application replaces blocking with dredging in avalanche prevention and combines it with energy dissipation measures to gradually reduce the energy of an avalanche during an avalanche, prevent the snow flow from increasing, and thus enable the protection system to play a more effective protective role.

[0024] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an avalanche protection system provided in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a monitoring and early warning device provided in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a barrier net provided in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an energy dissipation device provided in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0030] Figure 5A schematic diagram of a two-stage barrier device provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0031] Explanation of key component symbols:

[0032] 100-Primary barrier device; 110-Barrier net; 200-Monitoring and early warning device; 210-Data receiving antenna; 220-Indoor data analysis box; 230-Standard pole; 240-Wireless transmission antenna; 250-Solar panel; 260-Pole base; 270-Acquisition module; 271-Horizontal deformation monitoring sensor; 272-Vertical deformation monitoring sensor; 273-Rotational deformation monitoring sensor; 274-Data acquisition controller; 280-Deformation monitoring box; 300-Energy dissipation device; 310-Energy dissipation dam; 311-Dam body; 312-Fixed pile; 320-Energy dissipation pool; 321-Smooth slope; 322-Concave slope; 323-Wave slope; 400-Secondary barrier device; 410-Barrier dam; 411-Opening; 420-Sedimentation tank; 430-Filter; 440-Water storage tank. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0034] It should be noted that when an element is said to be "fixed" to another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is said to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. Conversely, when an element is said to be "directly" on another element, there is no intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only.

[0035] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0036] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the template description is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0038] In related technologies, an avalanche refers to the sudden collapse and rapid slid of a large volume of snow down a snow-covered slope due to a triggering factor (such as an earthquake, additional load, temperature change, or human activity) that disrupts the stability of the snow layer. This natural phenomenon is extremely destructive, carrying large amounts of snow at extremely high speeds, causing severe damage to the terrain, vegetation, buildings, and any organisms in its path, and even resulting in casualties. Avalanches typically occur in mountainous areas with a certain slope, especially after fresh snowfall, when rising temperatures cause snowmelt, or when strong winds redistribute the snow surface.

[0039] Avalanche protection primarily relies on effective early warning through geological monitoring, supplemented by the installation of avalanche protection systems on mountain slopes. These systems mainly target the avalanche occurrence and movement zones. Because avalanches occur at high altitudes, they possess significant potential energy. Accelerating multiple times from the mountaintop to the bottom depositional zone, their immense kinetic energy and volume render conventional blocking measures ineffective and costly in the avalanche occurrence and movement zones.

[0040] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides an avalanche protection system, which includes a primary barrier device 100, an energy dissipation device 300, and a secondary barrier device 400. The primary barrier device 100, the energy dissipation device 300, and the secondary barrier device 400 are arranged sequentially along the slope direction of the mountain slope. The primary barrier device 100 includes multiple barrier nets 110, which are spaced apart along the slope direction. The barrier nets 110 near the top of the slope are covered with snow on the slope. The plane where the barrier net 110 away from the top of the slope is located intersects with the slope surface; the energy dissipation device 300 includes at least one energy dissipation pool 320, and when there are multiple energy dissipation pools 320, multiple barrier nets 110 are arranged sequentially along the slope direction; the secondary barrier device 400 includes multiple retaining dams 410, and the multiple retaining dams 410 are arranged at intervals along the slope direction; the retaining dam 410 has multiple openings 411, and the multiple openings 411 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the retaining dam 410, and the openings 411 of adjacent retaining dams 410 are staggered.

[0041] In these embodiments, the primary purpose of the primary blocking device 100 is to intercept some of the snow accumulation in the early stages of an avalanche, thereby slowing down the avalanche's speed and development. Multiple blocking nets 110 are spaced apart along the slope, with the nets 110 near the top of the slope covering the snow accumulation on the slope surface to mitigate the initiation of the avalanche. The blocking nets 110 furthest from the top of the slope are angled upstream on the slope surface to block the snow flow and disperse its energy.

[0042] For example, the barrier net 110, which is away from the top of the slope, is set perpendicular to the slope surface. In other embodiments, the angle between the barrier net 110 and the slope surface can also be set to 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, 80°, etc., and is not specifically limited here.

[0043] The energy dissipation device 300 is used to further dissipate the energy of the avalanche and slow its speed. The energy dissipation device 300 has at least one energy dissipation pool 320, and when there are multiple energy dissipation pools 320, they are arranged sequentially along the slope. Obviously, the energy dissipation pools 320 are used to contain the snow flow to absorb part of the avalanche's energy and reduce the speed of the snow flow.

[0044] For example, the energy dissipation pool 320 is mainly made of reinforced concrete, with surface spraying treatment used in areas with complex terrain. When the snow sliding volume is too large, the snow crosses the efficiency base and enters the energy dissipation pool 320. The energy dissipation pool 320 has a large capacity and can store a large amount of snow. Multiple energy dissipation pools 320 can be continuously set along the slope. When the first energy dissipation pool 320 is full, the snow will continue to move to the next energy dissipation pool 320, thereby achieving multi-level efficiency to reduce the impact of snow accumulation.

[0045] The secondary barrier device 400 serves as the last line of defense, used to ultimately intercept and control the snowflow. Multiple barrier dams 410 are spaced apart along the slope. Each barrier dam 410 has multiple openings 411, which are spaced apart along the extension direction of the barrier dam 410, allowing water flow while intercepting some of the snowflow. The staggered arrangement of the openings 411 of adjacent barrier dams 410 more effectively disperses the energy of the snowflow, preventing damage to the barrier dam 410 due to excessive snowflow obstruction.

[0046] In other words, by setting up the retaining dam 410, it helps to reduce the direct impact and damage of snow sliding on the slope foot area when an avalanche occurs. By blocking the snow, it buys more time for people in the mountains to evacuate and reduces the harm caused by the avalanche. The retaining dam 410 intercepts mud, sand and boulders in the avalanche, effectively reducing the flow velocity and density of the snow sliding downstream of the dam body 311. This effect of reducing flow velocity and density helps to reduce the destructiveness of the avalanche and reduce its impact on the downstream area.

[0047] For example, the barrier dam 410 is made of reinforced concrete. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the barrier dam 410 is made of steel plate.

[0048] Clearly, the barrier net 110 first intercepts the snow flow, slowing its speed and changing its direction. The snow flow enters the energy dissipation pool 320, where the resistance of the pool consumes some of its kinetic energy. Finally, the snow flow reaches the barrier dam 410, whose structure further slows its speed and ultimately intercepts it to prevent damage to the facility.

[0049] In other words, the mountaintops above the snow line are perpetually covered in snow. When disturbed by construction or other tectonic movements, the snow on the summit can quickly become unstable, leading to avalanches. The barrier net 110 is a protective net made of a specific type of steel wire rope mesh, possessing excellent flexibility and high strength. It can withstand significant impact and tensile forces. Its high strength and durability enhance the stability of the protective net and its ability to protect against snow accumulation. The barrier net 110 is fixed to the top of the slope to prevent snow from sliding in the source area. Even if a small amount of snow slides, it will not cause a large amount of snow to slide, thus reducing the risk of snow avalanches. The volume of the avalanche; the energy dissipation device 300 is arranged below the barrier net 110, and its main function is to dissipate the impact energy brought by the sliding of a large amount of snow; the secondary barrier device 400's retaining dam 410 is arranged at the bottom of the mountain slope, and its main function is to block the excessive snow when the barrier net 110 and the energy dissipation device 300 above are insufficient to support the large area of ​​snow, so as to prevent the snow from continuing to slide down and collapse, destroying large areas of forests, farmland, houses, factories, roads, vehicles, etc., and affecting human production activities and the natural environment.

[0050] Therefore, this application replaces blocking with dredging in avalanche prevention and combines it with energy dissipation measures to gradually reduce the energy of the avalanche during its occurrence, so that the volume of the snow flow no longer increases, thereby enabling the protection system to play a more effective protective role.

[0051] In some embodiments, the mesh size of the plurality of barrier nets 110 gradually decreases on a slope.

[0052] In these embodiments, the mesh size of the multiple barrier nets 110 gradually decreases along the slope direction (i.e., from the mountaintop to the foot of the mountain), thereby enabling more effective control and mitigation of avalanche development. The barrier nets 110 near the mountaintop have larger mesh sizes, which helps to intercept larger snow chunks in the early stages of an avalanche while allowing smaller snow chunks to pass through. This slows the avalanche's initiation and reduces the initial kinetic energy of the snow flow. As the snow flow moves downhill, the mesh size of the barrier nets 110 gradually decreases, meaning that the barrier nets 110 closer to the bottom can intercept smaller snow chunks, gradually increasing the interception capacity of the snow flow, making the snow chunks in the snow flow gradually smaller, and thus reducing the overall kinetic energy of the snow flow.

[0053] By gradually reducing the mesh size, snow chunks in the snowflow can be gradually intercepted and dispersed, thereby slowing down the snowflow and dissipating its kinetic energy. This helps prevent the snowflow from forming large-scale, high-speed snowball effects. Reducing the mesh size can improve the interception efficiency of snow chunks in the snowflow, reduce the possibility of snowflow passing through, and help to more effectively control the development of the snowflow throughout the avalanche path.

[0054] It should be noted that snowflows at different stages have different kinetic energy and snow chunk sizes. Gradually reducing the mesh size can better adapt to these changes and improve the overall effectiveness of the protection system. Of course, in addition to mesh size, the shape of the mesh (such as rectangular, diamond, etc.) also affects interception efficiency. Similarly, the mesh material needs to be strong enough to withstand the impact of the snowflow, while also needing a certain degree of flexibility to adapt to different terrain conditions.

[0055] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, the barrier net 110 is fixed and supported by ground nails, which has a large bending and shear strength and a length of about 70-100cm. It can reduce the impact force when snow accumulates and play a strong anchoring role.

[0056] Avalanches typically form in high-altitude, cold regions. Installing a barrier net (110) in these areas significantly reduces construction difficulty and facilitates operation. The barrier net (110) is installed at the top of the slope, with numerous 70-100cm long ground stakes along its edges. Holes are drilled to the predetermined depth, and the stakes are inserted. The holes are then backfilled with concrete mortar. The ground stakes act as an extended anchoring measure, using their own anchoring force to secure the barrier net (110). The barrier net (110) fixes the snow to the slope, preventing even small amounts of snow from sliding and reducing the avalanche's volume.

[0057] like Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, a buffer layer is provided at the bottom of the energy dissipation pool 320.

[0058] In these embodiments, a buffer layer is provided at the bottom of the energy dissipation pool 320 to further improve the efficiency of the energy dissipation pool 320, especially in avalanche protection systems. The buffer layer helps absorb the energy generated when snow flow impacts the energy dissipation pool 320, reduces the impact force of the snow flow on the pool walls and bottom, helps reduce the speed of the snow flow, and reduces its kinetic energy.

[0059] The buffer layer acts as a shock absorber, reducing vibrations caused by snowfall impacts, protecting the pool structure from damage, and helping to extend the service life of the energy dissipation pool 320. Clearly, the buffer layer helps disperse the energy of the snowfall over a larger area, reducing localized stress concentration and preventing damage to the pool bottom due to excessive localized stress.

[0060] For example, the material of the buffer layer. The buffer layer is usually made of a material with a certain degree of elasticity and energy absorption capacity. These materials may include, but are not limited to:

[0061] Foam materials, such as polystyrene foam (EPS) and polyurethane foam.

[0062] Rubber or elastic polymers, such as natural rubber and synthetic rubber.

[0063] Sand or gravel, in some cases, can also be used as a buffer layer.

[0064] The thickness of the buffer layer needs to be determined based on the speed and volume of the snow flow and the specific dimensions of the energy dissipation pool 320. A buffer layer that is too thin cannot effectively absorb energy, while one that is too thick will increase costs.

[0065] like Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the bottom surface shape of the energy dissipation pool 320 includes one of the following shapes: a flat slope 321, a concave slope 322, and a wavy slope 323.

[0066] In these embodiments, each shape has its specific design purpose and advantages. The characteristics of these shapes and their application in the energy dissipation pool 320 are described below:

[0067] 321. Flat slope: The bottom of the pool is a flat sloping surface with a simple structure that is easy to construct.

[0068] Concave slope 322: The central part of the pool bottom is concave, which increases the contact area between the water flow and the pool bottom, improves the energy dissipation effect, and further consumes energy.

[0069] 323 Wave-shaped slope: The bottom surface of the pool is undulating in a wave-like manner. By increasing the complexity of the snow flow path, the friction between the snow flow and the bottom of the pool is increased, thereby more effectively consuming the energy of the snow flow.

[0070] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the bottom shape of the energy dissipation pool 320 is not specifically limited, but is set according to the actual shape of the slope.

[0071] For example, in this embodiment, there are three energy dissipation pools 320, and the bottom surfaces of the three energy dissipation pools 320 are, in order, a flat slope 321, a concave slope 322, and a wavy slope 323. Of course, in other embodiments, the bottom surfaces of the three energy dissipation pools 320 are all flat slopes 321; or, the bottom surfaces of the three energy dissipation pools 320 are all concave slopes 322; or, the bottom surfaces of the three energy dissipation pools 320 are all wavy slopes 323; or, the bottom surfaces of the three energy dissipation pools 320 are, in order, wavy slopes 323, concave slopes 322, and flat slopes 321.

[0072] In some embodiments, the energy dissipation pool 320 is formed by a recessed area of ​​a slope, and a protective layer is provided on the surface of the energy dissipation pool 320.

[0073] In these embodiments, the trench-type energy dissipation pool 320 is set up by utilizing the natural terrain of the valley (i.e., the depression area), which facilitates construction and reduces environmental damage.

[0074] The protective layer improves the abrasion resistance of the pool bottom and walls, reducing snow flow wear on the pool structure, which helps extend the service life of the energy dissipation pool 320. Furthermore, the protective layer prevents moisture from seeping into the soil.

[0075] For example, in this embodiment, the protective layer is a sprayed layer, that is, a sprayed layer is formed by spraying slurry onto the surface of the pool. Of course, in other embodiments, the protective layer may also be a protective pad, etc.

[0076] like Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the energy dissipation device 300 further includes an energy dissipation dam 310, which is installed upstream of the energy dissipation pool 320 and close to the energy dissipation pool 320.

[0077] The energy dissipation dam 310 is fixed to the slope. When the snow above slides down, it first contacts the dam body 311 on the upper part of the energy dissipation dam 310 to dissipate energy and prevent the snow from sliding. The energy dissipation dam 310 has high strength and can block most of the impact energy of the sliding snow. The energy dissipation dam 310 effectively slows down the speed of the sliding snow, so that the impact force of the sliding snow is relieved, and the impact force is dispersed and relieved. The energy dissipation dam 310 is connected to the energy dissipation pool 320, and the energy dissipation dam 310 can prevent the lower energy dissipation pool 320 from directly bearing the impact of the snow.

[0078] For example, when constructing the energy dissipation dam 310 and the energy dissipation pool 320, the two are installed as a single unit. For instance, the energy dissipation dam 310 and the energy dissipation pool 320 can be installed as a single unit using concrete and reinforced steel.

[0079] like Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the energy dissipation dam 310 includes a dam body 311 and fixed piles 312, the dam body 311 and the fixed piles 312 are connected, the dam body 311 is disposed above the slope, and the fixed piles 312 are disposed below the slope; wherein, the width of the dam body 311 gradually decreases in the direction away from the slope.

[0080] The energy dissipation dam 310 can initially slow down the speed of the snow flow and reduce its kinetic energy. This helps to reduce the impact of the snow flow on subsequent structures (such as the energy dissipation pool 320). The energy dissipation dam 310 can generate eddies and collisions as the snow flow passes through, thereby consuming some energy and reducing the speed and energy of the snow flow when it reaches the energy dissipation pool 320.

[0081] Because the dam body 311 of the energy dissipation dam 310 has a structure that is wider at the bottom and narrower at the top, the energy dissipation dam 310 can also disperse the impact force of the snow flow and reduce the pressure on the energy dissipation pool 320 by changing the direction of the snow flow. That is to say, the dam body 311 is set on the slope, facing the direction of the snow flow. The width of the dam body 311 gradually decreases in the direction away from the slope, which can better disperse the impact force of the snow flow and reduce the lateral pressure of the snow flow on the dam body 311.

[0082] Of course, the materials used in the dam body 311 typically need to possess a certain level of strength and durability to withstand the impact of snow flow. Examples include concrete, steel, and wood.

[0083] Fixed piles 312 are installed below the slope to anchor the dam body 311 and increase its stability. The length and diameter of the fixed piles 312 need to be determined according to the terrain and snow flow characteristics to ensure that the dam body 311 can withstand the impact of the snow flow without displacement or damage.

[0084] For example, the material of the fixed pile 312 is typically concrete, steel or other high-strength materials.

[0085] like Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the secondary barrier device 400 further includes a sedimentation tank 420, a filter 430, and a water storage tank 440. The sedimentation tank 420, the filter 430, and the water storage tank 440 are arranged sequentially along the slope. The sedimentation tank 420 is used to receive snow water flowing through the opening 411. The sedimentation tank 420 is connected to the water storage tank 440 through the filter 430.

[0086] In these embodiments, this design is intended to treat snowmelt, reduce the impact of post-availability water flow on downstream areas, and potentially recycle water resources. Sedimentation tank 420 is used to receive snowmelt flowing through opening 411 of the retaining dam 410, allowing solid particles (such as silt, snow chunks, etc.) carried within it to settle. Sedimentation tank 420 is typically designed with a large surface area and shallow depth to facilitate the settling of solid particles. Sedimentation tank 420 is located downstream of retaining dam 410.

[0087] Filter 430 is used to further remove remaining suspended solids and impurities from snowmelt. For example, filter 430 can take various forms, such as a sand filter, activated carbon filter, etc., with appropriate filter media selected as needed. Filter 430 is connected to sedimentation tank 420, and snowmelt flows from sedimentation tank 420 into filter 430 for further purification.

[0088] The water storage tank 440 is used to store treated clean snowmelt for irrigation, water supply, and other purposes. The water storage tank 440 needs to have sufficient volume to hold the expected water volume and must have good sealing properties to prevent water leakage. The water storage tank 440 is located downstream of the filter 430.

[0089] In short, by setting up a sedimentation tank 420, a filter 430, and a water storage tank 440, it is possible not only to effectively reduce the impact of avalanche water flow on downstream areas, but also to recycle water resources and improve the utilization rate of water resources.

[0090] Of course, the reservoir 440 is connected to a pumping pipeline, which can efficiently transport snowmelt water from one place to another to meet the needs of the irrigation system.

[0091] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the avalanche protection system further includes a monitoring and early warning device 200. The monitoring and early warning device 200 includes a data acquisition module 270 and an early warning control module. The data acquisition module 270 and the early warning control module are electrically connected. The data acquisition module 270 is installed at a monitoring point on the slope. The data acquisition module 270 is used to acquire real-time environmental data from the monitoring point. The early warning control module is used to receive and process the real-time environmental data from the data acquisition module 270 and determine whether to issue an early warning message based on the processing result.

[0092] In these embodiments, the data acquisition module 270 and the early warning control module communicate via an electrical connection. By monitoring environmental data in real time, early warnings of avalanches can be issued, thereby improving the effectiveness of the protection system.

[0093] The data acquisition module 270 is installed at key monitoring points on the slope to collect avalanche-related environmental data in real time. The data acquisition module 270 can monitor a variety of environmental parameters, including but not limited to: surface displacement, temperature changes, humidity, snow thickness, wind speed and direction, and other relevant meteorological parameters.

[0094] The early warning control module receives data from the acquisition module 270 and processes and analyzes it. Based on preset algorithms and thresholds, the module analyzes the data to determine whether early warning conditions have been met. If the analysis indicates a risk of avalanche, the module triggers an early warning mechanism, sending warning information to relevant personnel.

[0095] For ease of understanding, the specific workflow is as follows: The data acquisition module 270 continuously monitors and records key data. The acquired data is transmitted to the early warning and control module via wired or wireless means. The early warning and control module analyzes the data and assesses the likelihood of an avalanche. When the data exceeds the set safety threshold, the system automatically issues an early warning signal. Upon receiving the warning, relevant personnel take action according to the emergency plan, such as evacuating personnel and closing roads.

[0096] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the acquisition module 270 includes a horizontal deformation monitoring sensor 271, a vertical deformation monitoring sensor 272, a rotational deformation monitoring sensor 273, and a data acquisition controller 274. The horizontal deformation monitoring sensor 271, the vertical deformation monitoring sensor 272, and the rotational deformation monitoring sensor 273 are electrically connected to the data acquisition controller 274, and the data acquisition controller 274 is electrically connected to the early warning control module. The horizontal deformation monitoring sensor 271 is used to acquire displacement deformation data of the monitoring point in the horizontal direction, the vertical deformation monitoring sensor 272 is used to acquire displacement deformation data of the monitoring point in the vertical direction, and the rotational deformation monitoring sensor 273 is used to acquire rotational deformation data of the ground at the monitoring point.

[0097] In these embodiments, the early warning control module includes an indoor data analysis box 220 and an alarm. The indoor data analysis box 220 is electrically connected to the data acquisition controller 274 via a wireless communication module, and the alarm is electrically connected to the indoor data analysis box 220. The wireless module includes a data receiving antenna 210 and a wireless transmission antenna 240. The data receiving antenna 210 is electrically connected to the indoor data analysis box 220, and the wireless transmission antenna 240 is electrically connected to the data acquisition controller 274.

[0098] For example, the pole base 260 is connected to the standard pole 230, and its main function is to support the deformation monitoring box 280, transferring the weight and load of the deformation monitoring box 280 to the foundation, thus playing a role in bearing and supporting. The deformation monitoring box 280 is equipped with a rotation deformation monitoring sensor 273, a vertical deformation monitoring sensor 272, a horizontal deformation monitoring sensor 271, and a data acquisition controller 274. Its main function is to provide protection for various precision instruments. The deformation monitoring box 280 is fixed to the standard pole 230 at a certain height by fixing bolts to prevent human damage, while obtaining the best data acquisition and transmission effect.

[0099] The rotation deformation monitoring sensor 273 monitors rotation deformation using laser. Since the ground position is fixed, a reference point is set at the bottom of the ground. After the rotation deformation monitoring sensor 273 is calibrated on site, it can start working. If the ground rotates, the rotation deformation monitoring sensor 273 will accurately determine the position of the ground laser point obtained in the early stage, and then obtain the rotation deformation data of the ground.

[0100] The vertical deformation monitoring sensor 272 determines the vertical deformation based on its relative position to the ground and the vertical position of the standard pole 230. The main function of the vertical deformation monitoring sensor 272 is to measure and monitor vertical deformation, and to determine snow depth in real time, thereby promptly detecting any abnormal deformation or displacement. Once an abnormality is detected, an early warning system can alert relevant personnel, allowing for timely measures to prevent accidents.

[0101] The horizontal deformation monitoring sensor 271 shines a laser on the standard pole 230 and the ground. If the pole base 260 produces a horizontal displacement, the laser machine will analyze and judge based on the initial ground position and check the deformation amount in conjunction with the reference point of the standard pole 230. If the obtained horizontal displacement deformation amount keeps changing, the final horizontal deformation amount data will be transmitted to the data acquisition controller 274.

[0102] For example, the horizontal deformation monitoring sensor 271, the vertical deformation monitoring sensor 272, and the rotational deformation monitoring sensor 273 all use a laser machine to operate. Since the laser machine adopts an intelligent adjustment controller, it can automatically change and adjust according to local lighting conditions, ensuring the stability and reliability of deformation monitoring.

[0103] The wireless transmission antenna 240 is connected to the deformation monitoring box 280. Its main function is to transmit the deformation data obtained by the data acquisition controller 274 to the duty room, where the data receiving antenna 210 receives the data and transmits it to the indoor data analysis box 220.

[0104] The data acquisition controller 274 is connected to the duty room. Its main function is to collect data from the rotation deformation monitoring sensor 273, the vertical deformation monitoring sensor 272, and the horizontal deformation monitoring sensor 271 using a data cable, and transmit the data to the data receiving antenna 210 in the duty room for analysis.

[0105] The indoor data analysis box 220 analyzes the received data and controls the sensors in the deformation monitoring box 280 in real time based on the data.

[0106] The main function of the data receiving antenna 210 is to receive real-time environmental data from the monitoring points detected by the horizontal deformation monitoring sensor 271, the vertical deformation monitoring sensor 272, and the rotational deformation monitoring sensor 273.

[0107] For example, the entire monitoring and early warning device 200 will feed back the collected information to the indoor system in real time. The indoor system is equipped with a large number of indicator thresholds. When the threshold is exceeded, the system will sound an alarm. The system will transmit the information to the road signs and warning systems in the avalanche potential area for continuous scrolling, reminding passing vehicles and pedestrians to pay attention to safety.

[0108] In some embodiments, a camera is installed on the standard pole 230 at the monitoring point, and the camera and data acquisition controller 274 are used to transmit real-time images of the monitoring point, which further facilitates monitoring.

[0109] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the monitoring and early warning device 200 further includes a solar power module, which is installed at the end of the standard pole 230 above the ground, and is electrically connected to the acquisition module 270 and the early warning control module respectively.

[0110] In these embodiments, the solar power module can directly convert solar energy into electrical energy to power the entire monitoring and early warning device 200 without relying on external power grids. This is particularly suitable for remote mountainous areas or high-altitude regions where traditional power supply may be difficult to cover or too costly.

[0111] The solar power module enables the monitoring and early warning device 200 to continue operating even in the event of extreme weather or power grid failure, improving the system's independence and continuous operation capability, which is crucial for the monitoring and early warning device 200 that requires continuous monitoring and immediate early warning.

[0112] In addition, if the mains power line is used to provide power to the monitoring and early warning device 200 in the wilderness, a very long power line needs to be laid, which increases the cost and limits the distribution and installation of the monitoring and early warning device 200. Therefore, powering the device with a solar power device can replace laying a very long power line and the layout is more flexible.

[0113] For example, the solar power module includes a solar panel 250, which is installed on the upper part of the deformation monitoring box 280. The solar panel 250 collects light energy and converts it into electrical energy to provide power to the electronic components inside the deformation monitoring box 280.

[0114] In all examples shown and described herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations; therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0115] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0116] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An avalanche protection system, characterized in that, The avalanche protection system includes a primary barrier device, an energy dissipation device, and a secondary barrier device, which are sequentially arranged along the slope direction of the mountainside; wherein... The primary barrier device includes multiple barrier nets, which are spaced apart along the slope. The barrier nets near the top of the slope are covered by snow on the slope, while the plane of the barrier nets away from the top of the slope intersects with the slope. The energy dissipation device includes at least one energy dissipation pool. When there are multiple energy dissipation pools, multiple barrier nets are arranged sequentially along the slope. The secondary barrier device includes multiple barrier dams, which are spaced apart along the slope; each barrier dam has multiple openings, which are spaced apart along the extension direction of the barrier dam, and the openings of adjacent barrier dams are staggered.

2. The avalanche protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the slope, the mesh size of the multiple barrier nets gradually decreases.

3. The avalanche protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the energy dissipation pool is equipped with a buffer layer.

4. The avalanche protection system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom surface shape of the energy dissipation pool includes one of the following shapes: Flat slopes, concave slopes, and wavy slopes.

5. The avalanche protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy dissipation pool is formed by the depression area of ​​the slope, and a protective layer is provided on the surface of the energy dissipation pool.

6. The avalanche protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy dissipation device also includes: An energy dissipation dam is installed upstream of the energy dissipation pool and is close to the energy dissipation pool.

7. The avalanche protection system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The energy dissipation dam includes a dam body and fixed piles, the dam body and the fixed piles are connected, the dam body is set on the slope, and the fixed piles are set below the slope; wherein, the width of the dam body gradually decreases in the direction away from the slope.

8. The avalanche protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary barrier device further includes a sedimentation tank, a filter, and a water storage tank. The sedimentation tank, the filter, and the water storage tank are arranged sequentially along the slope. The sedimentation tank is used to receive snow water flowing through the opening, and the sedimentation tank is connected to the water storage tank through the filter.

9. The avalanche protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The avalanche protection system also includes: A monitoring and early warning device includes a data acquisition module and an early warning control module, which are electrically connected. The data acquisition module is installed at a monitoring point on the slope and is used to acquire real-time environmental data from the monitoring point. The early warning control module is used to receive and process the real-time environmental data from the data acquisition module and determine whether to issue an early warning based on the processing result.

10. The avalanche protection system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The acquisition module includes a horizontal deformation monitoring sensor, a vertical deformation monitoring sensor, a rotational deformation monitoring sensor, and a data acquisition controller. The horizontal deformation monitoring sensor, the vertical deformation monitoring sensor, and the rotational deformation monitoring sensor are electrically connected to the data acquisition controller, and the data acquisition controller is electrically connected to the early warning control module. Specifically, the horizontal deformation monitoring sensor acquires the displacement deformation data of the monitoring point in the horizontal direction, the vertical deformation monitoring sensor acquires the displacement deformation data of the monitoring point in the vertical direction, and the rotational deformation monitoring sensor acquires the rotational deformation data of the ground at the monitoring point.

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