A mine-used dispersion and screening classifier and a design method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a mine-used dispersion screening classifier and a design method thereof, which comprises an outer cavity body and a dispersion unit, a first-stage air selection screening classification unit and a second-stage air selection unit which are coaxially arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the dispersion unit and the first-stage air selection screening classification unit are arranged in the outer cavity body; the second-stage air selection unit is communicated with the outer cavity body; the upper end of the outer cavity body is provided with a feeding pipe, and the discharge port of the feeding pipe is communicated with the dispersion unit directly below; the material enters the dispersion cavity and is scattered by the dispersion assembly; the first-stage air selection assembly is used for sorting the scattered material; the screening assembly enables coarse particles to be discharged from a coarse particle discharge pipe connected with the screening assembly; fine powder after air selection of the second-stage air selection unit is discharged through a finished product fine powder outlet; and fine particles are discharged through a fine particle outlet. The application adopts a top-to-bottom arrangement mode, uses material self-weight settlement as a sorting path, and reduces fan energy consumption. In addition, the material sequentially and successively passes through pre-sorting and secondary sorting, coarse and fine particles are combined, and the total sorting efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mineral dispersion and sorting technology, and more specifically to a mineral dispersion screening and grading machine and its design method. Background Technology

[0002] In the coarse and fine separation process of the cake-shaped material produced by the material bed grinding equipment, dry air classification is a highly efficient and low-consumption method. It mainly involves the dispersal of the cake-shaped material, the pre-selection of coarse particles, and the fine selection of fine particles. The dispersal and coarse selection can be achieved by a V-type static air classifier, and the fine selection can be achieved by a dynamic air classifier. Alternatively, the V-type static air classifier and the dynamic air classifier can be combined to form a multi-stage air classifier to complete both coarse and fine selection at the same time. The above-mentioned known solutions are widely used in the building materials industry, but in the metal beneficiation industry, multi-stage screening and wet classification processes are still the main methods. The reasons are mainly reflected in two aspects: (1) The density of metal ores is usually greater than that of non-metallic ores in the building materials industry. For example, the true density of iron ore is about 3800 kg / m³. 3 The density of limestone used in building materials is approximately 2700 kg / m³. 3 The difference between the two is 40%; (2) The fine-grained materials required for metal ores are usually coarser than those for non-metallic ores in the building materials industry. For example, low-grade magnetized suspension roasted iron powder requires a material residue of about 55% on an R80μm sieve, while stone powder for cement raw materials requires a residue of about 14% on an R80μm sieve. The difference between the two is 293%.

[0003] Please see Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of an existing dry sorting and grading system. Whether it is a V-type static air classifier or a dynamic air classifier connected by air ducts, or an optimized multi-stage air classifier, the process flow and sorting principle are the same: the cake-shaped material to be sorted is fed into the V-type static air classifier 02. The cake is dispersed by collision between the dispersing plate and the grading plate of the V-type static air classifier 02. Coarse particles return to the roller mill 04 for circulating grinding under the action of gravity through the flow stabilizing chamber 03. Fine particles and fine powder enter the dynamic air classifier 05 from bottom to top under the action of air drag (Stork force) generated by the induced draft fan 07. The sorted fine particles are returned to the roller mill 04 for circulating grinding, and the fine powder is collected by the dust collector 06 as the finished product. The collected fine powder enters the finished product discharge tank 08. The reason why this process and equipment have few successful cases in the metal beneficiation industry is as mentioned above. Due to the difference in density and required particle size of metal ores, the air drag force (Stork force) required to lift non-metallic mineral materials is much greater to complete the material lifting and sorting, which leads to the following two problems: (1) A high-power induced draft fan is required to provide sufficient air drag force (Stork force), which directly results in high unit power consumption of the induced draft fan, excessive overall energy consumption, and low output; (2) The generation of large air drag force (Stork force) requires high wind speed. Excessive wind speed will aggravate the erosion and wear of the sorted material particles on the inside of the equipment. Since the abrasiveness of metal ores is greater than that of non-metallic ores, the life of the equipment is difficult to guarantee and frequent shutdowns for maintenance are required, which is unacceptable in the metal beneficiation industry that requires annual productivity.

[0004] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN102600923A discloses a magnetite final grinding system and its grinding method. It employs a multi-stage air classifier to disperse and classify the ore, obtaining four particle sizes: >3mm coarse particles, -3mm to 0.2mm fine particles (Grade 1), -3mm to 0.2mm fine particles (Grade 2), and <0.2mm fine particles. An induced draft fan provides airflow to the cyclone dust collector and the multi-stage air classifier. Investigations revealed that this multi-stage air classifier and system, when used in a steel company in Chengde, Hebei Province, could not effectively lift all finished materials even under full-load conditions, resulting in high power consumption and low output. Furthermore, severe equipment wear and discontinuous system operation were observed. Therefore, it was necessary to dismantle the equipment and system and rebuild it using a multi-stage screening and wet classification process.

[0005] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN105289838A discloses a weak magnetic separation-roasting-regrinding magnetic separation tailings recovery process. This process uses the overflow from a second-stage thickener as circulating water, and feeds the underflow from the second-stage thickener (55%–60% concentration) into a filter for filtration. The resulting filter cake is a coarse concentrate with a moisture content of 9%–13%, a grade of 25%–33%, and a yield of 15%–20%. This wet filter cake is then used as raw material for suspension magnetic roasting. However, the filter cake production process described in this patent is still a wet separation process, which fails to address the problems of high water consumption, high energy consumption, and the need for further drying of the filter cake inherent in wet separation processes.

[0006] In summary, existing wet beneficiation processes in the metal ore beneficiation industry suffer from inherent problems such as high water consumption, high energy consumption, and severe pollution from wet tailings disposal. Meanwhile, emerging dry air classification processes are hampered by issues such as high energy consumption per unit of induced draft fan, low output, and severe equipment wear that prevents continuous operation due to factors such as metal ore density and required particle size. These limitations restrict their widespread application. Therefore, it is imperative to improve and optimize these processes. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides a mining dispersion screening and grading machine and its design method, which solves the problems of high energy consumption, low output, severe equipment wear and inability to operate continuously, and complex process flow that are difficult to make intelligent in the prior art.

[0008] This invention provides a mining dispersion screening and grading machine, comprising an outer cavity and a dispersion unit, a primary air classification screening and grading unit, and a secondary air classification unit arranged coaxially from top to bottom; the dispersion unit and the primary air classification screening and grading unit are disposed within the outer cavity; the top end of the secondary air classification unit is connected to the bottom end of the outer cavity; a feed pipe is disposed at the upper end of the outer cavity, and the discharge port of the feed pipe is connected directly below the dispersion unit;

[0009] The dispersion unit includes a dispersion unit drive assembly, a hollow shaft, a dispersion chamber, and a dispersion component. The dispersion component is disposed in the dispersion chamber and coaxially connected to the hollow shaft. The upper end of the dispersion chamber is connected to the outlet of the feed pipe. The material enters the dispersion chamber from the feed pipe and is dispersed by the dispersion component under the drive of the dispersion unit drive assembly.

[0010] The primary air classification and grading unit includes a primary air classification component and a screening component. The primary air classification component is used to classify the dispersed material, allowing most of the fine powder and fine particles to enter the channel between the outer cavity and the screening component, while most of the coarse particles enter the screening component. The screening component includes a screen, which is coaxial with the dispersing component. The screen is used to screen the material, allowing coarse particles to be discharged from the coarse particle discharge pipe connected to the screening component.

[0011] The secondary air separation unit includes a rotating drum drive assembly, a secondary air separation housing, and a secondary air separation component and a feeding cone located inside the secondary air separation housing. The rotating drum drive assembly is connected to the secondary air separation main shaft, and the secondary air separation component is centrally fixed on the secondary air separation main shaft. The feeding cone is coaxially located directly above the secondary air separation component. The secondary air separation housing is provided with an air inlet, and the secondary air separation unit performs air separation on the material that is uniformly dispersed by the feeding cone. Fine powder is discharged through the finished fine powder outlet connected to the bottom of the secondary air separation housing, and fine particles are discharged through the fine particle outlet connected to the bottom of the secondary air separation housing.

[0012] Optionally, the dispersion chamber includes an upper buffer plate frame, an upper buffer plate, a side buffer plate frame, a side buffer plate, and a material discharge port.

[0013] The upper buffer plate frame is a thin-walled frustum shape, and a wear-resistant upper buffer plate is installed inside the upper buffer plate frame. The top of the upper buffer plate frame is connected to the outlet of the feed pipe. The upper buffer plate is arranged around the upper part of the dispersing hammer plate assembly.

[0014] The side buffer plate frame is a thin-walled cylindrical shape. The top end of the side buffer plate frame is connected to the bottom end of the upper buffer plate frame. A wear-resistant side buffer plate is installed inside the side buffer plate frame. The side buffer plate is arranged around the side of the dispersion hammer plate assembly.

[0015] The lower edge of the side buffer plate frame is connected to a downward-expanding funnel-shaped material dispersing outlet, from which the dispersed material is discharged.

[0016] Optionally, the hollow shaft is supported by a hollow shaft bearing assembly fitted onto its outer surface;

[0017] The bottom end of the hollow shaft is fitted with a fixed hammer disc hub, and the dispersing component is fixedly connected to the hammer disc hub.

[0018] Optionally, the dispersion assembly includes a dispersion liner, a dispersion hammer plate, an annular hammer disc support, hammer plate bolts, and a hammer disc guard plate; the dispersion liner is evenly distributed annularly on the inner side of the upper surface of the hammer disc support, and the dispersion hammer plates are evenly distributed annularly on the outer side of the upper surface of the hammer disc support; the dispersion hammer plate is a fan-shaped wear-resistant block with radial protrusions on one straight edge; the hammer plate guard plate is installed on the edge of the hammer disc support; the inner side of the hammer disc support is fixedly connected to the hammer disc hub.

[0019] Both the dispersion liner and the dispersion hammer plate have countersunk holes, and the hammer plate support has bolt holes corresponding to the countersunk holes. The hammer plate bolts are used to pass through the countersunk holes and the corresponding bolt holes to fix the dispersion liner and the dispersion hammer plate on the hammer plate support.

[0020] Optionally, the large-diameter end of the dispersion hammer plate fan ring is provided with a raised outer weir at a horizontal angle β;

[0021] The upper surface of the annular hammer disc support is provided with multiple rings of evenly distributed, radially arranged hammer plates.

[0022] Optionally, the primary air separation component includes a primary air separation drive assembly, and a primary air separation main shaft and a primary air separation impeller connected in sequence to the output end of the primary air separation drive assembly;

[0023] The primary air classifier impeller is located below the lower opening of the dispersion chamber. The primary air classifier impeller includes an upper ring plate, a lower arc plate, and impeller blades connecting the upper ring plate and the lower arc plate. The impeller blades are evenly distributed around the axis of the primary air classifier impeller.

[0024] The primary air separation main shaft is fitted inside the hollow shaft, and the primary air separation main shaft is supported by a primary air separation main shaft bearing assembly fitted on its outer surface;

[0025] The primary air separator main shaft is fitted with a primary air separator main shaft hub at its bottom end. The upper ring plate of the impeller is fixedly connected to the primary air separator main shaft hub. The primary air separator drive assembly drives the primary air separator main shaft to rotate, thereby causing the primary air separator impeller to rotate around the primary air separator impeller axis, pre-separating the dispersed materials.

[0026] Optionally, the wind turbine blades are vertical plates or curved plates;

[0027] When the cross-section of the wind turbine blade is straight, the inclination angle between each wind turbine blade and the radial direction of the primary wind classifier is γ, and the direction of the inclination angle is opposite to the rotation direction of the primary wind classifier.

[0028] When the cross-section of the wind turbine blade is arc-shaped, the forward tilting direction of the arc is the same as the rotation direction of the first-stage wind separator.

[0029] Optionally, the screening assembly further includes a bracket and a screen support; the screen is divided into sections and installed in the bracket, which supports the screen.

[0030] The screen includes a ring screen and a conical screen connected to the bottom end of the ring screen. The bracket has the same shape as the screen and the bottom of the bracket is connected to the coarse particle discharge pipe.

[0031] The screen supports are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bracket, with one end of each screen support fixed to the inner wall of the outer cavity and the other end fixedly connected to the bracket;

[0032] The annular screen is coaxial with the primary air classifier impeller, and the inner diameter of the annular screen is larger than the outer diameter of the primary air classifier impeller. The annular channel between the extended outer diameter surface of the primary air classifier impeller and the inner wall of the annular screen is a coarse particle channel. Under the centrifugal force and wind force generated by the rotation of the primary air classifier impeller, coarse particles enter the screen through the coarse particle channel. After screening, the coarse particles enter the coarse particle discharge pipe and are discharged. Fine powder and fine particles enter the channel between the outer cavity and the screening assembly and are discharged from the bottom outlet of the outer cavity.

[0033] Optionally, the secondary air separation assembly includes a secondary air separation guide ring and a secondary air separation rotating cage located therein and coaxially.

[0034] The secondary air classification guide ring includes multiple guide plates evenly distributed along the circumference; the secondary air classification rotating cage includes multiple rotating cage blades arranged coaxially with the secondary air classification guide ring; the lower end of the inner diameter of the secondary air classification rotating cage is connected to the finished fine powder outlet, and a fine particle discharge outlet is formed between the secondary air classification rotating cage and the secondary air classification guide ring.

[0035] Optionally, the top end of the secondary air separation guide ring is connected to the bottom end of the cloth cone, so that the fine powder and fine particles discharged from the bottom outlet of the outer cavity enter the secondary air separation assembly from the outside of the secondary air separation guide ring for sorting.

[0036] Optionally, an inverted frustum-shaped material collection cone is provided above the secondary air separation component;

[0037] The bottom circumference of the material collection cone is connected to the inner side of the secondary air classifier guide ring, and the top circumference of the material collection cone is connected to the inner wall of the air inlet of the secondary air classifier housing. The outer diameter of the bottom end of the material distribution cone is located between the inner and outer diameters of the secondary air classifier rotating cage, so that the fine powder and fine particles discharged from the bottom outlet of the outer cavity enter the space between the secondary air classifier rotating cage and the secondary air classifier guide ring along the material collection cone and the material distribution cone.

[0038] Optionally, multiple vertical guide plates are distributed around the circumference of the secondary air separator, and the guide plates have an inclination angle α with respect to the radial direction of the circumference, where 10°≤α≤80°.

[0039] Optionally, the guide plate is a hollow inverted frustum shape and is coaxial with the secondary air separator drum, and multiple guide plates are coaxial and evenly distributed from top to bottom.

[0040] Optionally, the classifier also includes an upper support and an upper steel frame;

[0041] The upper support is disposed on the outer wall of the top side of the outer cavity to support the outer cavity; the upper steel frame is laid on the top surface of the outer cavity; the distributed unit drive assembly is located on one side of the upper end surface of the upper steel frame.

[0042] The present invention also provides a dry sorting and grading system, including the mining dispersion screening and grading machine described in the present invention, and further including a roller mill, a flow stabilizing bin, an induced draft fan and a dust collector;

[0043] The discharge port of the roller mill is connected to the inlet of the mining dispersion screening and grading machine, and is used to transport the ground material to be sorted into the feed pipe of the mining dispersion screening and grading machine.

[0044] The coarse particle discharge pipe and fine particle outlet of the mining dispersion screening and grading machine are connected to the flow stabilizing chamber above the roller mill.

[0045] The finished fine powder outlet of the mining dispersed screening and grading machine is connected in sequence to a dust collector and an induced draft fan. The induced draft fan is also connected to the air inlet of the mining dispersed screening and grading machine. The induced draft fan provides drag for the dust collector to collect the finished fine powder and provides air separation airflow for the secondary air separation unit of the mining dispersed screening and grading machine.

[0046] This invention also provides a method for determining particle size during sorting, based on the mining dispersion screening and grading machine described in this invention, comprising:

[0047]

[0048] In formula (1), D1 is the outer diameter of the primary air classifier impeller, and D2 is the inner diameter of the annular screen, both in meters; r L1 is the radial velocity along the outer edge of the primary air classifier impeller, in m / s; L2 is the height of the primary air classifier impeller, in m; L3 is the distance from the bottom of the annular hammer disc support to the top of the primary air classifier impeller, in m; ρ is the distance from the bottom of the primary air classifier impeller to the top of the annular screen, in m. p ρ is the density of the material. g To increase air density, the unit is kg / m³. 3 ;d p The particle size is represented by m; g is the acceleration due to gravity, in m / s². 2 ;

[0049] Particle size is determined according to formula (1):

[0050] When the left and right sides of formula (1) are equal, the particle size d p The material falls precisely onto the extended surface of the ring screen, with 50% entering the channel between the outer cavity and the ring screen, and 50% entering the inner side of the ring screen.

[0051] When the left side of formula (1) is greater than the right side, the particle size d p The material enters the ring screen and becomes coarse particles;

[0052] When the left side of formula (1) is smaller than the right side, the particle size d pThe material passes through the extended surface of the ring screen and enters the outer channel between the outer cavity and the ring screen, becoming fine particles.

[0053] This invention also provides a design method for a mining dispersion screening and grading machine, applied to the mining dispersion screening and grading machine described in this invention, comprising:

[0054] Calculate the outer diameter D1 of the primary wind classifier impeller:

[0055]

[0056] In formula (2): k1 is the height-to-diameter ratio coefficient, and k1 = L1 / D1; k2 is the material quantity coefficient that can be processed;

[0057] Determine the inner diameter D2 of the annular screen based on the outer diameter D1 of the primary air classifier impeller:

[0058] D2=(D1+200mm)~5D1 (3)

[0059] Determine the outer cavity diameter D3 based on the inner diameter D2 of the ring screen:

[0060] D3=(D2+100mm)~5D2 (4)

[0061] The distance L2 from the bottom of the annular hammer disc support to the top of the primary air classifier impeller is determined based on the outer diameter D1 of the primary air classifier impeller:

[0062] L2=100mm~5D1 (5)

[0063] Determine the distance L3 from the bottom of the first-stage air classifier impeller to the top of the ring screen based on the outer diameter D1 of the first-stage air classifier impeller:

[0064] L3=0~5D1 (6)

[0065] The height L4 of the annular screen is determined based on the outer diameter D1 of the primary air separation impeller:

[0066] L4 = 0.2 ~ 5D1 (7)

[0067] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0068] This invention proposes a mining dispersion screening and grading machine, which addresses many problems associated with multi-stage air classifiers in dry separation and grading. It is well-suited to dry separation and grading processes and systems, and offers numerous significant advantages:

[0069] 1. Significantly Reduces System Energy Consumption: Addressing the characteristics of metal ores having higher density and coarser particle size compared to non-metallic ores used in the building materials industry, the mining-grade dispersed screening and grading machine adopts a top-to-bottom arrangement. The material flow is top-to-bottom, utilizing the material's own weight to settle and complete the sorting path. This eliminates the need for a large air traction force (Stork force) from the induced draft fan to balance gravity and lift the material to be sorted from the bottom of the multi-stage air classifier to the upper outlet, thus minimizing friction loss. Simultaneously, a primary air classification component composed of a fan impeller, in conjunction with the screening component, completes pre-sorting. Using screening instead of pure air classification effectively reduces local resistance loss. Consequently, the induced draft fan's airflow and pressure loss are lower than systems equipped with multi-stage air classifiers, resulting in a significant reduction in the induced draft fan's unit power consumption.

[0070] 2. High sorting efficiency: The primary air separation unit, in conjunction with the screening unit, completes the pre-sorting of coarse particles, meeting the high sorting efficiency of large-diameter materials by the screen mesh size; the secondary air separation unit relies on centrifugal force and air drag (Stork force) for final classification, meeting the high sorting efficiency of fine powder by air classification. The combination of coarse and fine particles improves the overall sorting efficiency.

[0071] 3. Low equipment wear: The higher the density and coarser the material being separated by dry air classification, the higher the air velocity required to balance the air drag (Stork force) provided by gravity. Excessive air velocity will aggravate the erosion and wear of the material particles on the equipment. However, the primary air classification component of the mining dispersion screening and classification machine in this application completes the pre-classification in conjunction with the screening component, without the need for an induced draft fan to provide air transport, completely avoiding particle erosion and wear in this area. The secondary air classification unit is a side-inlet type, introducing clean airflow through the air inlet of the secondary air classification shell, effectively reducing the flow area of ​​the material to be classified in the secondary air classification unit, thereby correspondingly reducing particle erosion and wear. The top-to-bottom material flow direction reduces particle erosion and wear along the material conveying structure such as air ducts, chutes, and bends in the system. Therefore, in the metal sorting and smelting industry, which requires a high annual productivity, it avoids frequent downtime for maintenance and has a significant advantage.

[0072] 4. Reduced civil engineering height and cost: The mining dispersed screening and grading machine in this application has a more compact structure, replacing the original system's duct-connected V-type static air classifier and dynamic air classifier in independent or multi-stage air classifier form, thus reducing the equipment height and effectively controlling civil engineering height and cost.

[0073] 5. Multiple adjustment methods and intelligent control: The decentralized unit and the primary air classifier impeller are independently frequency-controlled. The primary air classifier impeller is speed-adjustable and self-supplying. The induced draft fan only needs to provide air traction (Stork force) for the secondary air classifier unit. The flow field interference between the decentralized unit, the primary air classifier screening and grading unit and the secondary air classifier unit is small. There are multiple independent adjustment methods, which have a strong flexible operation space and intelligent control potential.

[0074] 6. Comprehensive benefits and substitutability: The mining decentralized screening and grading machine and system in this application adopts the most advanced dry separation and grading process, which avoids the inherent problems of wet mineral processing, such as high water consumption, high energy consumption, and serious pollution from wet tailings disposal, and gives full play to the advantages of dry separation and grading of metal ores; it can also be used in traditional building materials industry and non-metallic mineral related industry, and can also achieve the effect of reducing power consumption and optimizing the system.

[0075] In summary, the introduction of mining dispersed screening and classifying machines has brought numerous substantial advantages to the mineral processing industry. From reducing energy consumption, improving separation efficiency, reducing wear, ensuring operating rates, optimizing construction costs, providing multiple adjustment methods, and intelligent control, it has significantly transformed existing multi-stage air classifiers and dry separation and classification systems. Its comprehensive benefits and substitutability make it a powerful choice for dry separation and classification and related grinding and separation industries. Attached Figure Description

[0076] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0077] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an existing dry sorting and grading system;

[0078] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a dry sorting and grading system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0079] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mining dispersion screening and grading machine in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the dispersion unit and the primary air separation screening and grading unit in the mining dispersion screening and grading machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0081] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the dispersion hammer plate assembly structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0082] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 View from direction A;

[0083] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the primary wind-separating impeller structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0084] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 View from direction B;

[0085] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the ring screen structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0086] Figure 9-1 This is a schematic diagram of the cone screen structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0087] Figure 9-2 Schematic diagram of the sieve aperture in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0088] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the secondary air separation unit in the mining dispersion screening and grading machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0089] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 The C-direction view;

[0090] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the highly dispersed hammer plate assembly structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0091] Figure 13 yes Figure 12 The D-direction view;

[0092] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the backward-curved wind turbine blade structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0093] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the forward-inclined arc-shaped wind turbine blade structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0094] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the straight-plate type two-stage air separation guide ring structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0095] Figure 16-1 yes Figure 16 E-direction view;

[0096] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the annular secondary air separation guide ring structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0097] Figure 17-1 yes Figure 17 F-direction view;

[0098] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of a two-stage air separation unit with a material collection cone in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0099] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the material and airflow direction of the mining dispersion screening and grading machine in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0100] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of a traditional sorting unit.

[0101] Figure 20-1This is a schematic diagram of the sorting unit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0102] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of the primary air classification and grading unit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0103] Figure 21-1 This is a schematic diagram of the force analysis of material particle I.

[0104] Reference numerals: 1. Upper support; 2. Outer cavity; 3. Upper steel frame; 4. Dispersion unit drive assembly; 5. Pulley assembly; 6. Hollow shaft; 7. First-stage air classifier drive bracket; 8. First-stage air classifier drive assembly; 9. Upper coupling; 10. Upper bearing assembly on the main shaft; 11. Upper bearing chamber on the main shaft; 12. Upper bearing assembly on the hollow shaft; 13. Upper bearing chamber on the hollow shaft; 14. Inclined section of the feed pipe; 15. Straight section of the feed pipe; 16. Lower bearing assembly on the hollow shaft; 17. Lower bearing chamber on the hollow shaft; 18. First-stage air classifier main shaft; 19. Hammer disc hub; 20. Hammer disc hub lock nut; 21. Upper buffer plate frame; 22. Upper buffer plate; 23. Side buffer plate frame; 24. Side buffer plate; 25. Dispersed material outlet; 26. Ring screen bracket; 27. Ring screen; 28. Screen support; 29. ​​Conical screen bracket; 30. Conical screen; 31. Coarse particle discharge pipe; 32. Coarse particle discharge outlet; 33. Main shaft lower bearing assembly; 34. Hammer disc support; 35. Dispersing liner; 36. Dispersing hammer; 37. Hammer bolt; 38. Hammer disc retaining ring; 39. Lower arc plate of impeller; 40. Impeller blade; 41. Upper ring plate of impeller; 42. First-stage air separator main shaft hub; 43. Wind turbine locking nut; 44. Fine particle discharge port; 45. Secondary air classifier drive bracket; 46. Lower steel frame; 47. Lower support; 48. Secondary air classifier volute; 49. Feed cone; 50. Secondary air classifier housing inlet; 51. Rotary drum inner cone; 52. Frame upper plate; 53. Secondary air classifier guide ring; 54. Rotary drum blades; 55. Frame partition; 56. Partition tie rod; 57. Rotary drum hub flange; 58. Secondary air classifier main shaft; 59. Frame lower plate; 60. Frame lower plate tie rod; 61. Sealing device; 62. Rotary drum support; 63. Secondary air classifier 64. Upper bearing assembly of the main shaft; 65. Upper bearing chamber of the secondary air classifier main shaft; 66. Finished fine powder outlet; 67. Lower bearing assembly of the secondary air classifier main shaft; 68. Lower coupling; 69. Rotary drum drive assembly; 70. Air inlet of the secondary air classifier shell; 71. Air inlet regulating valve; 72. Connecting plate; 73. Material collecting cone; 01. Elevator; 02. V-type static air classifier; 03. Flow stabilizing bin; 04. Roller mill; 05. Dynamic air classifier; 06. Dust collector; 07. Exhaust fan; 08. Finished product discharge trough; 09. Mining dispersion screening and grading machine.

[0105] Unfilled hollow arrows are schematic diagrams of airflow direction;

[0106] Fully filled solid arrows are schematic diagrams of logistics flow;

[0107] The arrows filled with dashed dots represent the flow direction of fine powder;

[0108] The dashed arrows indicate the direction of airflow;

[0109] Solid arrows indicate the direction of material movement;

[0110] The black dots represent the material, and the size of the dots indicates the particle size of the material. Detailed Implementation

[0111] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0112] A mining dispersion screening and grading machine includes an outer cavity 2 and a dispersion unit, a primary air classification screening and grading unit, and a secondary air classification unit arranged coaxially from top to bottom; the dispersion unit and the primary air classification screening and grading unit are disposed within the outer cavity 2; the top end of the secondary air classification unit is connected to the bottom end of the outer cavity; a feed pipe is provided at the upper end of the outer cavity 2, and the discharge port of the feed pipe is directly connected to the dispersion unit;

[0113] The dispersion unit includes a dispersion unit drive assembly 4, a hollow shaft 6, a dispersion chamber, and a dispersion component. The dispersion component is disposed in the dispersion chamber and coaxially connected to the hollow shaft 6. The upper end of the dispersion chamber is connected to the outlet of the feed pipe. The material enters the dispersion chamber from the feed pipe and is dispersed by the dispersion component under the drive of the dispersion unit drive assembly 4.

[0114] The primary air classification and grading unit includes a primary air classification component and a screening component. The primary air classification component is used to classify the dispersed material, allowing most of the fine powder and fine particles to enter the channel between the outer cavity and the screening component, while most of the coarse particles enter the screening component. The screening component includes a screen, which is coaxial with the dispersing component. The screen is used to screen the material, allowing coarse particles to be discharged from the coarse particle discharge pipe 31 connected to the screening component.

[0115] The secondary air separation unit includes a rotating drum drive assembly 69, a secondary air separation housing, and a secondary air separation component and a feeding cone 49 located within the secondary air separation housing. The rotating drum drive assembly 69 is connected to the secondary air separation main shaft 58, and the secondary air separation component is centrally fixed on the secondary air separation main shaft 58. The feeding cone 49 is coaxially located directly above the secondary air separation component. The secondary air separation housing is provided with an air inlet, and the secondary air separation unit separates the material evenly dispersed by the feeding cone 49. Fine powder is discharged through the finished fine powder outlet 65 connected to the bottom of the secondary air separation housing, and fine particles are discharged through the fine particle outlet connected to the bottom of the secondary air separation housing.

[0116] Specifically, such as Figure 3 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 The mining dispersion screening and grading machine adopts a top-down arrangement, with materials moving from top to bottom. The cake-like material produced by the roller mill (bed mill) passes sequentially from top to bottom through the dispersion unit, the primary air classification and grading unit, and the secondary air classification unit. The separated fine powder is discharged from the finished fine powder outlet 65. Specifically, the material is first dispersed in the dispersion unit after entering the machine via the feed pipe. Under gravity, the dispersed material enters the machine and undergoes pre-separation by the air classification components. Most of the fine powder and fine particles enter the channel between the outer cavity 2 and the screening components, while most of the coarse particles enter the screening components. The screening components separate most of the coarse particles into coarse particles and mixed particles. The coarse particles are discharged from the coarse particle discharge pipe 31 connected to the screening components and proceed to the next process. The mixed particles continue to move downwards and are discharged from the bottom of the outer cavity 2 into the secondary air classification unit. When the material enters the secondary air separation unit, it is first evenly dispersed around the secondary separation component below the centrally located hollow material distribution cone 49. At the same time, tangential airflow is introduced into the side wall of the secondary air separation volute 48. The tangential airflow carries the material dispersed by the material distribution cone 49 and completes the separation under the action of centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the secondary air separation component, air drag provided by the induced draft fan, and the material's own gravity. That is, the centrifugal force on fine particles is greater than the air drag, and after being blocked by the air separation component, they are discharged from the fine particle outlet 44 at the bottom of the secondary air separation volute 48 under the action of gravity. The centrifugal force on fine powder is less than the air drag, and it enters the interior of the secondary air separation component and is discharged from the finished fine powder outlet 65.

[0117] The dispersion unit is located at the top inside the outer cavity 2 of the equipment. Its main working area is the upper part of the outer cavity 2. The outer cavity 2 is a columnar hollow thin shell with wear-resistant lining or wear-resistant coating on the inner wall and reinforcing ribs distributed on the outer wall.

[0118] The feed pipe includes an inclined section 14 and a straight section 15. The inclined section 14 enters from the top cover plate of the outer cavity 2 and extends to the center of the outer cavity 2. The straight section 15 is connected to the inclined section 14 and vertically guides the cake-shaped material to be dispersed into the dispersion chamber.

[0119] The secondary air separation unit is arranged from top to bottom with the primary air separation screening and grading unit. The feed inlet 50 of the secondary air separation shell is reinforced by circumferential reinforcing ribs. The secondary air separation shell includes the feed inlet 50 and the volute 48. The upper part of the feed inlet 50 is connected to the lower section of the outer cavity 2, and the feed inlet 50 is connected to the volute 48 directly below it. Depending on the air intake method, the volute 48 can be concentric or eccentrically positioned with the feed inlet 50. The volute 48 includes an air inlet 70, which can be a single inlet or multiple inlets, preferably four inlets tangentially distributed along the circumference. An air inlet regulating valve 71 is also provided at the inlet end of the secondary air separation shell air inlet, which is connected to the circulating airflow or directly connected to the atmosphere. The lower support 47 is located below the edge of the secondary air separation volute 48. The lower support 47 transmits the load of the secondary air separation unit to the civil engineering foundation. The side of the bottom plate of the secondary air separation volute 48 is provided with a forked fine particle discharge outlet 44.

[0120] In this application, the dispersion unit drive assembly 4 outputs power and transmits the power to the hollow shaft 6 through the pulley component 5, which drives the hollow shaft 6 to rotate around the control axis, thereby driving the dispersion component to rotate and disperse the material.

[0121] In one possible implementation, the dispersion chamber includes an upper buffer plate frame 21, an upper buffer plate 22, a side buffer plate frame 23, a side buffer plate 24, and a dispersion material outlet 25;

[0122] The upper buffer plate frame 21 is a thin-walled frustum shape. A wear-resistant upper buffer plate 22 is installed inside the upper buffer plate frame 21. The top of the upper buffer plate frame 21 is connected to the outlet of the feed pipe. The upper buffer plate 22 is arranged around the upper part of the dispersing hammer plate 36 assembly.

[0123] The side buffer plate frame 23 is a thin-walled cylindrical shape. The top end of the side buffer plate frame 23 is connected to the bottom end of the upper buffer plate 22. A wear-resistant side buffer plate 24 is installed inside the side buffer plate frame 23. The side buffer plate 24 is arranged around the side of the dispersion hammer plate 36 assembly.

[0124] The lower edge of the side buffer plate frame 23 is connected to a downwardly expanding funnel-shaped material dispersing outlet 25, from which the dispersed material is discharged.

[0125] Specifically, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6The dispersion chamber is the confined space formed between the dispersion liner 35, the dispersion hammer 36, and the buffer plate assembly. The buffer plate assembly includes an upper buffer plate frame 21, an upper buffer plate 22, a side buffer plate frame 23, and a side buffer plate 24. The upper buffer plate frame 21 is connected to the lower edge of the straight section 15 of the feed pipe and is a thin-walled frustum shape. Wear-resistant upper buffer plates 22 are installed on the entire circumference of its inner wall. The side buffer plate frame 23 is connected to the outer edge of the upper buffer plate frame 21 and is a thin-walled cylinder. Wear-resistant side buffer plates 24 are installed on the entire circumference of its inner wall. The lower edge of the side buffer plate frame 23 is connected to the dispersion material outlet 25, which serves as the outlet for the dispersed material. The dispersion material outlet 25 is a downward-expanding funnel shape. The straight section 15 of the feed pipe, the dispersion liner 35, the dispersion hammer 36, and the buffer plate assembly are all arranged coaxially. The material to be sorted is fed into the dispersion chamber by the inclined section 14 and the straight section 15 of the feed pipe of the mining dispersion screening and grading machine. The material is disintegrated and dispersed by impacting the dispersion hammer plate 36 assembly, the upper buffer plate 22, and the side buffer plate 24. The dispersion material outlet 25 is used to guide the disintegrated and dispersed material to be air-separated into the primary air-separation screening and grading unit below it.

[0126] In one possible implementation, the hollow shaft 6 is supported by a hollow shaft bearing assembly fitted onto its outer surface; the bottom end of the hollow shaft 6 is fitted with a fixed hammer disc hub 19, and the dispersing assembly is fixedly connected to the hammer disc hub 19.

[0127] Specifically, the hollow shaft bearing assembly support includes an upper hollow shaft bearing assembly 12 and a lower hollow shaft bearing assembly 16. For example... Figure 4 The upper part of the hollow shaft 6 is supported by an upper bearing assembly 12, which is located inside the upper bearing chamber 13. The lower part of the hollow shaft 6 is supported by a lower bearing assembly 16, which is located inside the lower bearing chamber 17. The upper and lower bearing chambers 13 and 17 are connected by a bushing and arranged coaxially. The lower end of the hollow shaft 6 is connected to a hammer disc hub 19 and fixed by a hammer disc hub locking nut 20. The dispersion assembly is connected to the hollow shaft 6 via the hammer disc hub 19.

[0128] In one possible implementation, the dispersion assembly includes a dispersion liner 35, a dispersion hammer plate 36, a hammer disc support 34, hammer plate bolts 37, and a hammer disc guard plate; the dispersion liner 35 is evenly distributed in a ring on the inner side of the upper surface of the hammer disc support 34, and the dispersion hammer plates 36 are evenly distributed in a ring on the outer side of the upper surface of the hammer disc support 34; the dispersion hammer plate 36 is a fan-shaped wear-resistant block with a radially protruding straight edge on one side; the hammer plate guard plate is installed on the edge of the hammer disc support 34; the inner side of the hammer disc support 34 is fixedly connected to the hammer disc hub 19.

[0129] Both the dispersion liner 35 and the dispersion hammer plate 36 have countersunk holes, and the hammer plate support 34 has bolt holes corresponding to the countersunk holes. The hammer plate bolts 37 are used to pass through the countersunk holes and the corresponding bolt holes to fix the dispersion liner 35 and the dispersion hammer plate 36 on the hammer plate support 34.

[0130] Specifically, such as Figure 5 , Figure 6 A ring-shaped hammer disc support 34 is connected to the hammer disc hub 19, and the hammer disc support 34 has a circumferential array of connecting bolt holes. The dispersion liner 35 is a wear-resistant block with countersunk holes, arranged in a fan-shaped ring. Multiple dispersion liners 35 are connected in a ring and evenly distributed on the hammer disc support 34, near the inner side of the upper surface of the hammer disc support 34 and fixed by hammer plate bolts 37. A single dispersion hammer plate 36 is a wear-resistant block with a countersunk hole near a straight edge on one side, arranged in a fan-shaped ring. Multiple dispersion hammer plates 36 are evenly distributed in a ring on the hammer disc support 34, forming a staggered structure near the outer side of the upper surface of the hammer disc support 34, and fixed by hammer plate bolts 37. To prevent wear on the outer edge of the hammer disc support 34, a hammer disc retaining ring 38 is welded to the outer edge of the hammer disc support 34 to form a protective ring. The cake-like material entering the dispersion chamber from the roller mill is better dissociated and dispersed.

[0131] In one possible implementation, the large-diameter end of the 36-fan ring of the dispersing hammer plate is provided with a raised outer weir at a horizontal angle β.

[0132] The upper surface of the annular hammer plate support 34 is provided with multiple rings of evenly distributed hammer plates 36 along the radial direction.

[0133] Specifically, such as Figure 12 , Figure 13 This application proposes a high-dispersion hammer plate 36 assembly. Specifically, based on the aforementioned dispersion hammer plate 36 assembly, the protruding side of the dispersion hammer plate 36 is not entirely flat, but rather the fan-shaped small diameter is flat, and the fan-shaped large diameter has an outer weir with a horizontal included angle β, 0°≤β≤75°. Multiple fan-shaped dispersion hammer plates 36 are installed around each other, forming a disc-shaped structure that throws materials upward. Along the radial direction of the dispersion hammer plate 36 assembly, multiple rings of dispersion hammer plates 36 can be set, that is, the small diameter of the outer ring of dispersion hammer plates 36 is close to the large diameter of the inner ring of dispersion hammer plates 36, forming a multi-layer "wave structure" to achieve the purpose of multiple separations and full dispersion.

[0134] In one possible implementation, the primary air separation component includes a primary air separation drive assembly 8, and a primary air separation main shaft 18 and a primary air separation impeller that are sequentially connected to the output end of the primary air separation drive assembly 8.

[0135] The primary air classifier impeller is located below the lower opening of the dispersion chamber. The primary air classifier impeller includes an upper ring plate 41, a lower arc plate 39, and impeller blades 40 connecting the upper ring plate 41 and the lower arc plate 39. The impeller blades 40 are evenly distributed around the axis of the primary air classifier impeller.

[0136] The primary air separation main shaft 18 is fitted inside the hollow shaft 6, and the primary air separation main shaft 18 is supported by a primary air separation main shaft 18 bearing assembly fitted on its outer surface.

[0137] The primary air separation main shaft 18 is fitted with a primary air separation main shaft hub 42 at its bottom end. The upper ring plate 41 of the impeller is fixedly connected to the primary air separation main shaft hub 42. The primary air separation drive assembly 8 drives the primary air separation main shaft 18 to rotate, thereby driving the primary air separation impeller to rotate around the primary air separation impeller axis, and pre-separating the dispersed materials.

[0138] Specifically, such as Figure 4 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 The primary air separation component is located directly below and coaxially arranged with the aforementioned dispersing hammer plate 36 component, and is still located within the upper section of the aforementioned outer cavity 2. The screening component is located directly below the dispersing hammer plate 36 component. The primary air separation component and the dispersing unit of the primary air separation screening and grading unit are arranged from top to bottom. The primary air separation drive bracket 7 is located at the center of the upper part of the upper steel frame 3. The primary air separation drive assembly 8 is mounted on the primary air separation drive bracket 7 and is connected to the primary air separation main shaft 18 through the upper coupling 9. The upper part of the primary air separation main shaft 18 is supported by the upper bearing assembly 10, which is located inside the upper bearing chamber 11. The lower part of the primary air separation main shaft 18 is supported by the lower bearing assembly 33, which is located inside the aforementioned hammer disc hub 19. The upper bearing chamber 11 and the hammer disc hub 19 are coaxially arranged. The lower end of the primary air separation main shaft 18 is connected to the primary air separation main shaft hub 42 and locked by the impeller locking nut 43.

[0139] The primary air classifier main shaft hub 42 is connected to the primary air classifier impeller. The primary air classifier impeller includes an upper ring plate 41, a lower arc plate 39, and impeller blades 40. The upper ring plate 41 is a circular flat plate that fits with the primary air classifier main shaft hub 42 through an inner stop. The lower arc plate 39 is located at the bottom of the impeller and is a ring-shaped arc surface that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, which has good rigidity. The impeller blades 40 are located between the upper ring plate 41 and the lower arc plate 39, and multiple blades of the same size are evenly distributed along the circumference.

[0140] Depending on the specifications, the cross section of the wind turbine blade 40 can be equipped with multiple baffles arranged coaxially with the upper ring plate 41 and the lower arc plate 39 of the wind turbine. These baffles can ensure the rigidity of the wind turbine blade 40.

[0141] In this application, the dispersion unit and the primary air classification assembly can operate independently at their respective required rotational speeds under the drive of the dispersion unit drive assembly 4 and the primary air classification drive assembly 8, respectively. Alternatively, to simplify the structure, the dispersion unit and the primary air classification unit can be driven by the same drive unit to achieve operation at the same rotational speed.

[0142] In one possible implementation, the wind turbine blade 40 is a vertical plate or an arc-shaped plate;

[0143] When the cross-section of the wind turbine blade 40 is straight, the inclination angle between each wind turbine blade 40 and the radial direction of the primary wind classifier is γ, and the direction of the inclination angle is opposite to the rotation direction of the primary wind classifier.

[0144] When the cross-section of the wind turbine blade 40 is arc-shaped, the forward tilting direction of the arc is the same as the rotation direction of the first-stage wind separator wind turbine.

[0145] Specifically, to further improve the adaptability of the primary air classifier impeller to coarse and fine particles, two types of air classifier impellers are available. The first type is a backward-curved impeller blade with a 40° angle, such as... Figure 14 The first type consists of multiple backward-inclined vertical plates of the same size evenly distributed around the central axis of the wind-classifying impeller, meaning the two vertical edges of the impeller blade 40 are not on the same diameter. The backward inclination angle γ is 0°≤γ≤60°, meaning the inclination direction of the impeller blade 40 is opposite to the rotation direction of the first-stage impeller. This structure enhances the outward air resistance along the impeller's radial direction, making it suitable for coarse particle separation. The second type of wind-classifying impeller has forward-inclined arc-shaped impeller blades 40, such as... Figure 15 This type of air-separating impeller consists of multiple forward-inclined arc-shaped plates of the same size evenly distributed around the central axis of the impeller. The forward-inclined arc plates are streamlined, and the direction from the apex of the arc plate to the center of the arc plate is the same as the rotation direction of the air-separating impeller. That is, the 40° arc-shaped forward-inclined direction of the impeller blades is the same as the rotation direction of the first-stage impeller. This structure generates air resistance radially outward along the impeller, while generating air drag radially inward near the outer edge of the blades, which is suitable for the separation of fine particles. Other similar derivative structures can also be used for this first-stage air-separating impeller.

[0146] In one possible implementation, the screening assembly further includes a bracket and a screen support 28; the screen sections are installed in the bracket, which supports the screen.

[0147] The screen includes a ring screen 27 and a conical screen at the bottom of the ring screen 27. The bracket has the same shape as the screen and the bottom of the bracket is connected to the coarse particle discharge pipe 31.

[0148] The screen supports 28 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bracket. One end of each screen support 28 is fixed to the inner wall of the outer cavity 2, and the other end is fixedly connected to the bracket.

[0149] The annular screen 27 is coaxial with the primary air classifier impeller, and the inner diameter of the annular screen 27 is larger than the outer diameter of the primary air classifier impeller. The annular channel between the extended outer diameter surface of the primary air classifier impeller and the inner wall of the annular screen 27 is a coarse particle channel. Under the action of centrifugal force and wind force generated by the rotation of the primary air classifier impeller, coarse particles enter the screen through the coarse particle channel. After screening, the coarse particles enter the coarse particle discharge pipe 31 and are discharged. Fine powder and fine particles enter the channel between the outer cavity 2 and the screening component and are discharged from the bottom outlet of the outer cavity 2.

[0150] Specifically, such as Figure 4 , Figure 9 , Figure 9-1 , Figure 9-2 The screening components in the primary air classification unit are arranged from top to bottom with the primary air classification components. The support includes a ring screen support 26 and a conical screen support 29. The ring screen support 26 is located directly below the lower arc plate 39 of the impeller and its outer diameter is larger than that of the lower arc plate 39. The ring screen support 26 itself is a hollow cylindrical wear-resistant steel support, with multiple replaceable wear-resistant ring screens 27 evenly distributed inside. The conical screen support 29 itself is a hollow inverted conical wear-resistant steel support, with multiple replaceable wear-resistant conical screens 30 evenly distributed inside. The upper part of the conical screen support 29 is connected to the lower part of the ring screen support 26, forming an overall frame structure. This frame is fixed to the lower inner wall of the outer cavity 2 by a screen support 28. The lower part of the conical screen support 29 is connected to a coarse particle discharge pipe 31, and the end of the coarse particle discharge pipe 31 is provided with a coarse particle discharge outlet 32.

[0151] The inner side of the screening component and the downward circumferential extension surface of the primary air separation component form an annular channel for coarse particles after primary air separation. The outer side of the screening component and the lower section of the outer cavity 2 form an annular channel for fine particles after primary air separation. The lower part of the screening component is the coarse particle discharge port 32, which is used to discharge the screened coarse particles.

[0152] In this application, both the annular screen 27 and the conical screen 30 are wear-resistant parts. The annular screen 27 has a rectangular unfolded shape with long, round-ended screen holes evenly distributed in two symmetrical areas. The conical screen 30 has a fan-shaped unfolded shape with long, round-ended screen holes also evenly distributed in two symmetrical areas. The radius of the round-ended screen holes is R1 = 0.5–5 mm, the center of the round end represents the length of the screen hole L = 2–20R1, the center of the round end represents the width distance between the screen holes G1 = 2.5–8R1, the center of the round end represents the length distance between the screen holes G2 = 2.5–10R1, the distance from the center of the round end to the side edge S1 = 3–10R1, the distance from the center of the round end to the top edge S2 = 3–12R1, and the distance between the two symmetrical areas S3 = 3–10R1. The thickness of the annular screen 27 and the conical screen 30 is t = 2–25 mm.

[0153] In one possible implementation, the secondary air separation assembly includes a secondary air separation guide ring 53 and a secondary air separation rotating cage located therein and coaxially.

[0154] The secondary air separation guide ring 53 includes multiple guide plates evenly distributed along the circumference; the secondary air separation rotating cage includes multiple rotating cage blades 54 arranged coaxially with the secondary air separation guide ring 53; the lower end of the inner diameter of the secondary air separation rotating cage is connected to the finished fine powder outlet 65, and a fine particle discharge outlet 44 is formed between the secondary air separation rotating cage and the secondary air separation guide ring 53.

[0155] Specifically, such as Figure 4 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 The cavity formed by the secondary air separation volute 48 is provided with a secondary air separation guide ring 53. The secondary air separation guide ring 53 is a set of guide plates with an inclination angle evenly distributed around the circumference. Each guide plate forms an angle α with the radial direction of the circumference, 10°≤α≤80°.

[0156] The secondary air separator volute 48 and the secondary air separator guide ring 53 disperse the airflow introduced into the secondary air separator shell through the air inlet. The secondary air separator rotating cage is concentrically arranged inside the secondary air separator guide ring 53. The secondary air separator rotating cage is in an inverted form, with a hollow inverted cone inner cone 51 in the center. The upper end of the inner cone 51 is connected to the upper frame plate 52 composed of concentric annular plates, and the lower end of the inner cone 51 is connected to the lower frame plate 59 composed of concentric annular plates through the lower frame plate tie rod 60.

[0157] One or more frame partitions 55 are arranged at equal intervals between the upper frame plate 52 and the lower frame plate 59. The frame partitions 55 are also connected to the inner cone 51 of the rotating drum through partition rods 56. The inner cone 51 of the rotating drum, the upper frame plate 52, the lower frame plate rods 60, and the frame partitions 55 constitute the rotating drum frame. Rotating drum blades 54 are evenly distributed vertically around the outer edge of the rotating drum frame between the upper frame plate 52 and the lower frame plate rods 60. The finished fine powder outlet 65 is connected to the outlet of the inverted rotating drum frame.

[0158] The lower end of the rotating drum frame is connected to the secondary air separator main shaft 58 via the rotating drum hub flange 57. The secondary air separator main shaft 58 is supported by the upper bearing assembly 63 and the lower bearing assembly 66. The upper bearing assembly 63 and the lower bearing assembly 66 are located in the upper bearing chamber 64 and the lower bearing chamber 67 of the secondary air separator main shaft, respectively. The lower end of the secondary air separator main shaft 58 is connected to the rotating drum drive assembly 69 via the lower coupling 68. The rotating drum drive assembly 69 is fixed on the secondary air separator drive bracket 45. The secondary air separator drive bracket 45 and the lower bearing chamber 67 of the secondary air separator main shaft are fixed on the lower steel frame 46. The lower steel frame 46 is fixed on the bottom plate of the secondary air separator volute 48. All of these are inverted structures, meaning that the air and material flow from top to bottom. The rotating drum drive assembly 69 is connected to the secondary air separator main shaft 58 via the lower coupling 68, driving the secondary air separator main shaft 58 to rotate, which in turn drives the secondary air separator components to rotate.

[0159] A rotating cage support 62 is connected to the bearing chamber 64 on the secondary air separator main shaft. The rotating cage support 62 is connected to the bottom of the lower plate of the frame to support the rotating cage.

[0160] In one possible implementation, the top end of the secondary air separation guide ring 53 is connected to the bottom end of the fabric cone 49, so that the fine powder and fine particles discharged from the bottom outlet of the outer cavity 2 enter the secondary air separation assembly from the outside of the secondary air separation guide ring 53 for sorting.

[0161] Specifically, the material distribution cone 49 and the secondary air separation guide ring 53 are arranged concentrically from top to bottom. The material distribution cone 49 is a hollow circular cone, and the material introduced into the secondary air separation shell inlet 50 is dispersed and distributed by the material distribution cone 49.

[0162] After entering through the feed inlet 50 of the secondary air classifier shell, the fine powder and fine particles are distributed under the action of the distribution cone 49 and evenly spread around the outer perimeter of the secondary air classifier guide ring 53. The separation airflow enters through the air inlet 70 of the secondary air classifier shell, swirls and distributes evenly within the secondary air classifier volute 48, and carries the fine powder and fine particles to be separated. After being rectified by the secondary air classifier guide ring 53, it enters the secondary air classifier area.

[0163] In one possible implementation, an inverted frustum-shaped material collection cone 73 is disposed above the secondary air separation component;

[0164] The bottom circumference of the material collection cone 73 is connected to the inner side of the secondary air classifier guide ring 53, and the top circumference of the material collection cone 73 is connected to the inner wall of the air inlet 70 of the secondary air classifier housing. The outer diameter of the bottom end of the material distribution cone 49 is located between the inner and outer diameters of the secondary air classifier rotating drum, so that the fine powder and fine particles discharged from the bottom outlet of the outer cavity enter the space between the secondary air classifier rotating drum and the secondary air classifier guide ring 53 along the material collection cone 73 and the material distribution cone 49.

[0165] Specifically, such as Figure 18 A material collection cone 73 is installed near the junction of the secondary air separator housing inlet 50 and the secondary air separator volute 48. This cone is a thin-walled inverted frustum, with its lower circumference connected to the inner side of the secondary air separator guide ring 53 and its upper circumference connected to the junction. Inside the collection cone 73, a material distribution cone 49 is concentrically arranged. The distribution cone 49 is a hollow circular cone, and connecting plates 72 evenly distributed along its circumference connect the distribution cone 49 and the collection cone 73 into a single unit. Fine particles and powder to be separated enter the secondary air separator assembly in the secondary air separator area through the channel formed between the distribution cone 49 and the collection cone 73. The distribution cone 49 disperses the material introduced through the secondary air separator housing inlet 50, and the secondary air separator volute 48 and the secondary air separator guide ring 53 disperse the airflow introduced through the secondary air separator housing inlet.

[0166] In one possible implementation, multiple vertical guide plates are distributed circumferentially around the secondary air separator cage, and the guide plates have an inclination angle α with respect to the radial direction of the circumference, where 10°≤α≤80°.

[0167] Specifically, one type of guide ring in this application, such as Figure 16 The guide plate is a straight plate type, with a group of guide plates evenly distributed around the circumference. The guide plates have an inclination angle, and each guide plate forms an angle α with the radial direction of the circumference, with 10°≤α≤80°. This type of guide ring mainly completes the guidance of airflow.

[0168] In one possible implementation, the guide plate is a hollow inverted frustum shape and is coaxial with the secondary air separation drum, and multiple guide plates are coaxial and evenly distributed from top to bottom.

[0169] Specifically, such as Figure 17 , 17-1 In this application, the secondary air-classifying guide ring 53 structure can also be a set of guide plates stacked evenly along the axis of the secondary air-classifying drum from top to bottom, with the guide plates coaxial with the central axis of the secondary air-classifying drum. Each guide plate is a hollow inverted frustum shape, larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, with the frustum forming an angle θ with the horizontal plane, 0°≤θ≤80°. This type of guide ring, while guiding the airflow, also has a strong material guiding effect, that is, the sorted material reciprocates between the secondary air-classifying drum and the guide ring, increasing the material residence time and improving the air-classifying efficiency.

[0170] In one possible implementation, the classifier further includes an upper support 1 and an upper steel frame 3;

[0171] The upper support 1 is disposed on the outer wall of the top side of the outer cavity 2 to support the outer cavity 2; the upper steel frame 3 is laid on the top surface of the outer cavity 2; the dispersion unit drive assembly 4 is located on one side of the upper end surface of the upper steel frame 3.

[0172] Specifically, such as Figure 4The top surface of the outer cavity 2 is covered with an upper steel frame 3, and all related components of the outer cavity 2 are supported by upper supports 1 located under the reinforcing ribs and evenly distributed around the outer wall of the outer cavity 2. The distributed unit drive assembly 4 is located on one side of the upper steel frame 3.

[0173] The process of material dispersion screening and grading by the mining dispersion screening and grading machine in this application is as follows: (e.g., ...) Figure 19 The material to be sorted, after being crushed by the roller mill, is fed into the dispersion area, i.e., the dispersion chamber, of the dispersion unit through the inclined section 14 and the straight section 15 of the feed pipe of the mining dispersion screening and grading machine. The dispersion unit drive assembly 4 drives the hollow shaft 6, hammer disc hub 19, hammer disc support 34, dispersion liner 35, dispersion hammer plate 36, and other components to rotate via the pulley component 5. The material entering the dispersion chamber is disintegrated and dispersed by impacting the dispersion hammer plate 36 component and the upper buffer plate 22 and the side buffer plate 24. After being dispersed, the material enters the air separation zone of the primary air separation screening and grading unit through the dispersed material outlet 25. The primary air separation drive assembly 8 drives the primary air separation main shaft 18, primary air separation main shaft hub 42, impeller lower arc plate 39, impeller blades 40, and impeller upper ring plate 41 in the primary air separation component to rotate through the upper coupling 9. The dispersed material completes pre-separation under the action of the air force field generated by the air separation component, that is, most of the fine powder and fine particles enter the outer channel between the outer cavity 2 and the ring screen 27, and most of the coarse particles mixed with a small amount of fine powder and fine particles enter the ring screen 27. Fine powder and fine particles in the outer channel between the outer cavity 2 and the ring screen 27 directly enter the subsequent secondary air classification unit. Coarse particles with a small amount of fine powder and fine particles are pre-screened by the ring screen 27 and the cone screen 30. The coarse particles that have been pre-screened enter the coarse particle discharge pipe 31 and are discharged into the roller mill for circulating extrusion and crushing through the coarse particle discharge outlet 32. The fine powder and fine particles that have been pre-screened then merge with the fine powder and fine particles in the outer channel and enter the secondary air classification unit.

[0174] After entering through the feed inlet 50 of the secondary air separator shell, the fine powder and fine particles are distributed under the action of the distribution cone 49 and evenly scattered around the secondary air separator guide ring 53. The sorting airflow enters through the air inlet of the secondary air separator shell, swirls and distributes evenly within the secondary air separator volute 48, and carries the fine powder and fine particles to be sorted. After being rectified by the secondary air separator guide ring 53, it enters the secondary air separator area. The air inlet regulating valve 71 can adjust the flow rate and proportion of the incoming sorting air. The rotating drum drive assembly 69 drives the secondary air separation main shaft 58, rotating drum hub flange 57, frame upper plate 52, frame lower plate tie rod 60, and rotating drum blades 54 in the secondary air separation component to rotate via the lower coupling 68. The above-mentioned material-carrying airflow is separated under the action of centrifugal force generated by the secondary air separation component, air drag provided by the induced draft fan, and the material's own gravity. That is, the centrifugal force on fine particles is greater than the air drag, and after being blocked by the air separation component, they are discharged from the fine particle outlet 44 under the action of gravity. The centrifugal force on fine powder is less than the air drag, and it passes through the air separation component and is discharged from the finished fine powder outlet 65.

[0175] The present invention also provides a dry sorting and grading system, including the mining dispersion screening and grading machine of this application, and also including a roller mill, a flow stabilizing bin, an induced draft fan and a dust collector;

[0176] The discharge port of the roller mill is connected to the inlet of the mining dispersion screening and grading machine, and is used to transport the ground material to be graded into the feed pipe of the mining dispersion screening and grading machine.

[0177] The coarse particle discharge pipe 31 and fine particle outlet of the mining dispersion screening and grading machine are connected to the flow stabilizing chamber above the roller mill.

[0178] The finished fine powder outlet 65 of the mining dispersed screening and grading machine is connected in sequence to a dust collector and an induced draft fan. The induced draft fan is also connected to the air inlet of the mining dispersed screening and grading machine. The induced draft fan provides traction for the dust collector to collect the finished fine powder and provides air separation airflow for the secondary air separation unit of the mining dispersed screening and grading machine.

[0179] Specifically, such as Figure 2 New feed enters the roller mill 04 through the upper stabilizing chamber 03 and is then crushed. The crushed material is fed by the bucket elevator 01 into the mining dispersing and classifying machine 09. The granular coarse material (including coarse and fine particles) discharged from the mining dispersing and classifying machine 09 is returned to the upper stabilizing chamber 03 of the roller mill 04 and re-enters the roller mill 04 for repeated crushing and extrusion. The fine powder selected by the mining dispersing and classifying machine 09 is collected by the subsequent dust collector 06 as the finished product and discharged through the finished product discharge trough 08. The induced draft fan 07 provides a two-stage air classification airflow, with a single closed-loop circulation, resulting in a simple process.

[0180] This invention also provides a method for determining particle size during sorting, applied to the mining dispersion screening and grading machine described in this application, comprising:

[0181]

[0182] In formula (1), D1 is the outer diameter of the primary air classifier impeller, and D2 is the inner diameter of the annular screen 27, both in meters; r L1 is the radial velocity along the outer edge of the primary air classifier impeller, in m / s; L2 is the height of the primary air classifier impeller, in m; L3 is the distance from the bottom of the annular hammer disc support 34 to the top of the primary air classifier impeller, in m; L4 is the distance from the bottom of the primary air classifier impeller to the top of the annular screen 27, in m; ρ p ρ is the density of the material. g To increase air density, the unit is kg / m³. 3 ;d p The particle size is represented by m; g is the acceleration due to gravity, in m / s². 2 ;

[0183] Particle size is determined according to formula (1):

[0184] When the left and right sides of formula (1) are equal, the particle size d p The material falls exactly onto the extended surface of the ring screen 27, with 50% entering the channel between the outer cavity 2 and the ring screen 27, and 50% entering the inner side of the ring screen 27;

[0185] When the left side of formula (1) is greater than the right side, the particle size d p The material enters the ring screen 27 and becomes coarse particles;

[0186] When the left side of formula (1) is smaller than the right side, the particle size d p The material passes through the extended surface of the ring screen 27 and enters the outer channel between the outer cavity 2 and the ring screen 27, becoming fine particles.

[0187] Specifically, in combination Figure 14 , Figure 21 , Figure 21-1 This invention relates to a mining dispersion screening and grading machine and system, which proposes a top-down screening and air classification energy-saving concept. Based on this concept, a built-in primary air classification screening and grading unit replaces the traditional V-type static air classifier and is located entirely at the top. The secondary air classification unit is located at the bottom. Coarse particles, fine particles, and a mixture of fine powder are fed into the mining dispersion screening and grading machine from the top. After being dispersed by the dispersion unit, the material enters the primary air classification component area. The material is mainly subjected to gravity F in the vertical direction. g and air resistance F v During short-stroke motion, air resistance F v Much smaller than gravity F g Therefore, air resistance F is ignored. v The initial velocity υ0 of the material entering the upper part of the primary air separation component area from the lower part of the dispersion unit is:

[0188]

[0189] Based on the initial velocity υ0, the vertical movement distance S of the material can be calculated. v :

[0190]

[0191] The rotation of the primary air separator impeller generates a sorting airflow rate Q. r as follows:

[0192]

[0193] In the formula: is the flow coefficient, which is related to the type of the primary air classifier impeller; n is the rotational speed of the primary air classifier impeller, in r / s.

[0194] Calculate the radial velocity υ at the outer edge of the first-stage wind classifier rotor. r :

[0195]

[0196] In the formula: δ is the airflow outlet angle, which is related to the type of the primary air classifier impeller, and the unit is °;

[0197] In the horizontal direction, the material is mainly affected by the radial wind speed υ generated by the primary air classifier impeller. r Force F formed on the material r Its equation of motion is expressed as:

[0198]

[0199] In the formula: P is the airflow pressure generated by the primary air separator impeller, in Pa; A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the material, in m². 2 .

[0200] The above P can be represented as:

[0201]

[0202] In the formula: υ is the velocity of the material from the outer edge of the primary air classifier impeller to the outer edge of the ring screen 27, in m / s;

[0203] Substituting equation (1-6) into equation (1-5) and rearranging, we get:

[0204]

[0205] Integrating equation (1-7) yields the velocity υ:

[0206]

[0207] The differential equation for the material's movement distance ds is:

[0208]

[0209] Substituting equation (1-9) into equation (1-8) and integrating, we can obtain the horizontal movement distance S of the material. h :

[0210]

[0211] See Figure 21 The dashed cylindrical surface formed by extending the diameter D1 of the ring screen 27 is the particle size cutting surface, that is, at a certain time, the particle size d pThe vertical stroke of the material to be sorted is L = L1 + L3, and the horizontal stroke is S = (D2 - D1) / 2. At this point, the material of this particle size is sorted. According to equations (1-2) and (1-10), we can obtain:

[0212]

[0213] That is, when the left and right sides of equation (1) are equal, the particle size d p The material falls onto the cutting surface, with 50% entering the outer channel between the outer cavity 2 and the ring screen 27, and 50% entering the ring screen 27.

[0214] When the left side of equation (1) is greater than the right side, the particle size d p The material enters the ring screen 27 and becomes coarse particles;

[0215] When the left side of equation (1) is smaller than the right side, the particle size d p The material passes through the cutting surface and enters the outer channel between the outer cavity 2 and the ring screen 27, becoming fine particles.

[0216] This invention also provides a design method for a mining dispersion screening and grading machine, which is applied to the mining dispersion screening and grading machine of this invention, comprising:

[0217] Combination Figure 21 Based on experimental data and application experience, the applicant discovered that the amount of material to be separated, C, is proportional to the circumferential area of ​​the primary air classifier impeller. Therefore, a height-to-diameter ratio coefficient, k1, is introduced to calculate the outer diameter D1 of the primary air classifier impeller.

[0218]

[0219] In equation (2): k1 = L1 / D1; k2 is the coefficient of the amount of material that can be processed.

[0220] Determine the inner diameter D2 of the annular screen 27 based on the outer diameter D1 of the primary air classifier impeller:

[0221] D2=(D1+200mm)~5D1 (3)

[0222] Determine the diameter D3 of the outer cavity 2 based on the inner diameter D2 of the ring screen 27:

[0223] D3=(D2+100mm)~5D2 (4)

[0224] The distance L2 from the bottom of the annular hammer disc support 34 to the top of the primary air classifier impeller is determined based on the outer diameter D1 of the primary air classifier impeller:

[0225] L2=100mm~5D1 (5)

[0226] The distance L3 from the bottom of the first-stage air classifier impeller to the top of the annular screen 27 is determined based on the outer diameter D1 of the first-stage air classifier impeller:

[0227] L3=0~5D1 (6)

[0228] The height L4 of the annular screen 27 is determined based on the outer diameter D1 of the primary air separation impeller:

[0229] L4 = 0.2 ~ 5D1 (7)

[0230] Other dimensional relationships: S = (D2 - D1) / 2, L = L1 + L3.

[0231] The beneficial effects of the present invention will be illustrated by the following examples.

[0232] like Figure 20 The sorting unit, consisting of a traditional V-type static classifier and a dynamic classifier, adopts a bottom-up arrangement. The material to be sorted is fed into the lower V-type static classifier, where it is dispersed and pre-sorted. Then, it is carried by the air drag force (Stork force) generated by the blower to the dynamic classifier for fine sorting from bottom to top. The main movement stroke of the material includes: (1) the material is lifted from the base zero plane to the height H1 of the feeding layer plane of the V-type static classifier by the mechanical lifting device; (2) the material is lifted from the base zero plane to the height H2 of the dynamic classifier by the air drag force (since the material is pre-sorted during the full height dispersion and fall process inside the V-type static classifier, it still needs to be pneumatically lifted to the height H1 again). Without considering the mechanical efficiency loss, the total power consumption P of the sorting unit consisting of the traditional V-type static classifier and the dynamic classifier is 100%. v It can be calculated that:

[0233] (1) Power consumption P1 required for mechanical lifting height H1:

[0234] P1=C(H1+2) / 206 (8)

[0235] In the formula: C is the amount of material to be sorted, in t / h.

[0236] (2) Power consumption P2 required to lift height H2 by pneumatic force:

[0237] P2=QΔPρ g / 3600 / 1000 (9)

[0238] In the formula: Q is the amount of air required to lift the material, in kg / m³. 3 ΔP is the pressure head required to lift the material, in Pa; ρ g To increase air density, the unit is kg / m³. 3 .

[0239] (3) Power consumption P3 to overcome the resistance generated by the rotation of the dynamic classifier drum:

[0240] P3=QΔP r ρ g / 3600 / 1000 (10)

[0241] Where: ΔP r The resistance generated by the rotation of the drum is measured in Pa.

[0242] (4) Total power consumption P required by traditional sorting unit v :

[0243] P v =P1+P2+P3=C(H1+2) / 206+Q(ΔP+ΔP r )ρ g / 3600 / 1000 (11)

[0244] like Figure 20-1 The sorting unit of the mining dispersed screening and grading machine of this invention adopts a top-to-bottom arrangement. The material to be sorted is directly fed into the dispersed screening and grading machine, dispersed, pre-selected, and screened inside. After being free-falling under gravity, it falls to the secondary air separation unit for fine selection. The main movement stroke of the material includes: (1) the material is lifted from the base zero plane to the height H3 of the feeding layer plane of the mining dispersed screening and grading machine by a mechanical lifting device; (2) the material falls freely from the feeding layer plane of the dispersed screening and grading machine to the height H3 of the base zero plane under gravity. Since the stroke (2) is completed entirely under gravity, no additional power consumption is required. Without considering mechanical efficiency loss, the total power consumption P of the sorting unit composed of the mining dispersed screening and grading machine of this invention is... s It can be calculated that:

[0245] Power consumption P4 required for mechanical lifting height H3:

[0246] P4=C(H3+2) / 206 (12)

[0247] The power consumption P5 for overcoming the resistance generated by the rotation of the secondary air separator drum:

[0248] P5=QΔP r ρ g / 3600 / 1000 (13)

[0249] The total power consumption P required by the sorting unit of this invention s :

[0250] P s =P4+P5=C(H3+2) / 206+QΔP r ρ g / 3600 / 1000 (14)

[0251] Taking 1000t / h iron concentrate to be sorted as an example, the above parameters are shown in Table 1:

[0252] Table 1 Specifications for 1000t / h

[0253] numerical values 1000 9 320000 6000 1.1 600 12

[0254] Calculate the total power consumption Pv required for a traditional sorting unit:

[0255] P v =1000×(9+2) / 206+320000×(6000+600)×1.1 / 3600 / 1000=699kW (15)

[0256] Calculate the total power consumption Ps required for the sorting unit of the mining dispersed screening and grading machine of this invention:

[0257] P s =1000×(12+2) / 206+320000×600×1.1 / 3600 / 1000=127kW (16)

[0258] As can be seen from the above calculations, compared with the 699kW unit hour power consumption of the traditional sorting unit, the sorting unit composed of the mining dispersed screening and grading machine of this invention has a unit hour power consumption of only 127kW, a reduction of 81.8%, which greatly saves system energy consumption.

[0259] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0260] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A mining dispersion screening and grading machine, characterized in that, It includes an outer cavity and a dispersion unit, a primary air classification and grading unit, and a secondary air classification unit arranged coaxially from top to bottom; the dispersion unit and the primary air classification and grading unit are located in the outer cavity; the top of the secondary air classification unit is connected to the bottom of the outer cavity; a feed pipe is provided at the upper end of the outer cavity, and the discharge port of the feed pipe is connected to the dispersion unit directly below it; The dispersion unit includes a dispersion unit drive assembly, a hollow shaft, a dispersion chamber, and a dispersion component. The dispersion component is disposed in the dispersion chamber and coaxially connected to the hollow shaft. The upper end of the dispersion chamber is connected to the outlet of the feed pipe. The material enters the dispersion chamber from the feed pipe and is dispersed by the dispersion component under the drive of the dispersion unit drive assembly. The hollow shaft is supported by a hollow shaft bearing assembly fitted onto its outer surface; the bottom end of the hollow shaft is fitted with a fixed hammer disc hub, and the dispersing component is fixedly connected to the hammer disc hub. The dispersion assembly includes a dispersion liner, dispersion hammers, an annular hammer disc support, hammer bolts, and a hammer disc guard plate. The inner side of the upper surface of the hammer disc support is uniformly distributed with dispersion liners in an annular pattern, and the outer side of the upper surface of the hammer disc support is uniformly distributed with dispersion hammers in an annular pattern. Each dispersion hammer is a fan-shaped wear-resistant block with a radially protruding straight edge on one side. The hammer disc guard plate is installed along the edge of the hammer disc support. The inner side of the hammer disc support is fixedly connected to the hammer disc hub. Both the dispersion liner and the dispersion hammer plate are provided with countersunk holes, and the hammer plate support is provided with bolt holes corresponding to the countersunk holes. The hammer plate bolts are used to pass through the countersunk holes and the corresponding bolt holes to fix the dispersion liner and the dispersion hammer plate on the hammer plate support. The large-diameter end of the fan ring of the dispersing hammer plate is provided with a raised outer weir at a horizontal angle β; multiple rings of evenly distributed dispersing hammer plates are arranged radially on the upper surface of the hammer plate support. The primary air classification and grading unit includes a primary air classification component and a screening component. The primary air classification component is used to classify the dispersed material, allowing most of the fine powder and fine particles to enter the channel between the outer cavity and the screening component, while most of the coarse particles enter the screening component. The screening component includes a screen, which is coaxial with the dispersing component. The screen is used to screen the material, allowing coarse particles to be discharged from the coarse particle discharge pipe connected to the screening component. The secondary air separation unit includes a rotating drum drive assembly, a secondary air separation housing, and a secondary air separation component and a feeding cone located inside the secondary air separation housing; the rotating drum drive assembly is connected to the secondary air separation main shaft, and the secondary air separation component is centrally fixed on the secondary air separation main shaft; the feeding cone is coaxially located directly above the secondary air separation component; The secondary air classifier housing is provided with an air inlet, and the secondary air classifier unit performs air classification on the material that is evenly dispersed by the cloth cone; fine powder is discharged through the finished fine powder outlet connected to the bottom of the secondary air classifier housing, and fine particles are discharged through the fine particle outlet connected to the bottom of the secondary air classifier housing.

2. The mining dispersion screening and grading machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dispersion chamber includes an upper buffer plate frame, an upper buffer plate, a side buffer plate frame, a side buffer plate, and a material discharge port. The upper buffer plate frame is a thin-walled frustum shape, and a wear-resistant upper buffer plate is installed inside the upper buffer plate frame. The top of the upper buffer plate frame is connected to the outlet of the feed pipe. The upper buffer plate is arranged around the upper part of the dispersion component. The side buffer plate frame is a thin-walled cylindrical shape. The top end of the side buffer plate frame is connected to the bottom end of the upper buffer plate frame. A wear-resistant side buffer plate is installed inside the side buffer plate frame. The side buffer plate is arranged around the side of the dispersion component. The lower edge of the side buffer plate frame is connected to a downward-expanding funnel-shaped material dispersing outlet, from which the dispersed material is discharged.

3. The mining dispersion screening and grading machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The primary air classifier assembly includes a primary air classifier drive assembly, and a primary air classifier main shaft and a primary air classifier impeller that are sequentially connected to the output end of the primary air classifier drive assembly. The primary air classifier impeller is located below the lower opening of the dispersion chamber. The primary air classifier impeller includes an upper ring plate, a lower arc plate, and impeller blades connecting the upper ring plate and the lower arc plate. The impeller blades are evenly distributed around the axis of the primary air classifier impeller. The primary air separation main shaft is fitted inside the hollow shaft, and the primary air separation main shaft is supported by a primary air separation main shaft bearing assembly fitted on its outer surface; The primary air separator main shaft is fitted with a primary air separator main shaft hub at its bottom end. The upper ring plate of the impeller is fixedly connected to the primary air separator main shaft hub. The primary air separator drive assembly drives the primary air separator main shaft to rotate, thereby causing the primary air separator impeller to rotate around the primary air separator impeller axis, pre-separating the dispersed materials.

4. A mining dispersion screening and grading machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The wind turbine blades are vertical plates or curved plates; When the cross-section of the wind turbine blade is straight, the inclination angle between each wind turbine blade and the radial direction of the primary wind classifier is γ, and the direction of the inclination angle is opposite to the rotation direction of the primary wind classifier. When the cross-section of the wind turbine blade is arc-shaped, the forward tilting direction of the arc is the same as the rotation direction of the first-stage wind separator.

5. A mining dispersion screening and grading machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The screening assembly also includes a bracket and a screen support; the screen is divided into sections and installed in the bracket, which supports the screen. The screen includes a ring screen and a conical screen connected to the bottom end of the ring screen. The bracket has the same shape as the screen and the bottom of the bracket is connected to the coarse particle discharge pipe. The screen supports are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bracket, with one end of each screen support fixed to the inner wall of the outer cavity and the other end fixedly connected to the bracket; The annular screen is coaxial with the primary air classifier impeller, and the inner diameter of the annular screen is larger than the outer diameter of the primary air classifier impeller. The annular channel between the extended outer diameter surface of the primary air classifier impeller and the inner wall of the annular screen is a coarse particle channel. Under the action of centrifugal force and wind force generated by the rotation of the primary air classifier impeller, coarse particles enter the screen through the coarse particle channel, and the screened coarse particles are discharged after entering the coarse particle discharge pipe. Fine powder and fine particles enter the channel between the outer cavity and the screening component and are discharged from the bottom outlet of the outer cavity.

6. A mining dispersion screening and grading machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary air separation component includes a secondary air separation guide ring and a secondary air separation rotating cage located inside it and coaxially. The secondary air classification guide ring includes multiple guide plates evenly distributed along the circumference; the secondary air classification rotating cage includes multiple rotating cage blades arranged coaxially with the secondary air classification guide ring; the lower end of the inner diameter of the secondary air classification rotating cage is connected to the finished fine powder outlet, and a fine particle discharge outlet is formed between the secondary air classification rotating cage and the secondary air classification guide ring.

7. A mining dispersion screening and grading machine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The top of the secondary air classifier guide ring is connected to the bottom of the cloth cone, so that the fine powder and fine particles discharged from the bottom outlet of the outer cavity enter the secondary air classifier assembly from the outside of the secondary air classifier guide ring for sorting.

8. A mining dispersion screening and grading machine according to claim 6, characterized in that, An inverted frustum-shaped material collection cone is provided above the secondary air separation component; The bottom circumference of the material collection cone is connected to the inner side of the secondary air classifier guide ring, and the top circumference of the material collection cone is connected to the inner wall of the air inlet of the secondary air classifier housing. The outer diameter of the bottom end of the material distribution cone is located between the inner and outer diameters of the secondary air classifier rotating cage, so that the fine powder and fine particles discharged from the bottom outlet of the outer cavity enter the space between the secondary air classifier rotating cage and the secondary air classifier guide ring along the material collection cone and the material distribution cone.

9. A mining dispersion screening and grading machine according to claim 6, characterized in that, Multiple vertical guide plates are distributed around the circumference of the secondary air separator, and the guide plates have an inclination angle α with the radial direction of the circumference, 10°≤α≤80°.

10. A mining dispersion screening and grading machine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The guide plate is a hollow inverted frustum shape and is coaxial with the secondary air separator drum. Multiple guide plates are coaxial and evenly distributed from top to bottom.

11. A mining dispersion screening and grading machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The classifier also includes an upper support and an upper steel frame; The upper support is disposed on the outer wall of the top side of the outer cavity to support the outer cavity; the upper steel frame is laid on the top surface of the outer cavity; the distributed unit drive assembly is located on one side of the upper end surface of the upper steel frame.

12. A dry sorting and grading system, characterized in that, The mining dispersion screening and grading machine according to any one of claims 1 to 11 further includes a roller mill, a flow stabilizing bin, an induced draft fan, and a dust collector; The discharge port of the roller mill is connected to the inlet of the mining dispersion screening and grading machine, and is used to transport the ground material to be sorted into the feed pipe of the mining dispersion screening and grading machine. The coarse particle discharge pipe and fine particle outlet of the mining dispersion screening and grading machine are connected to the flow stabilizing chamber above the roller mill. The finished fine powder outlet of the mining dispersed screening and grading machine is connected in sequence to a dust collector and an induced draft fan. The induced draft fan is also connected to the air inlet of the mining dispersed screening and grading machine. The induced draft fan provides drag for the dust collector to collect the finished fine powder and provides air separation airflow for the secondary air separation unit of the mining dispersed screening and grading machine.

13. A method for sorting and determining particle size, characterized in that, Based on the mining dispersion screening and grading machine according to any one of claims 1 to 11, it includes: （1） In formula (1), The outer diameter of the primary air classifier impeller. The inner diameter of the ring screen is in meters (m). The radial wind speed at the outer edge of the primary wind classifier impeller is expressed in m / s. The height of the primary air separator impeller is in meters (m). The distance from the bottom of the annular hammer disc support to the top of the primary air separator impeller is in meters. The distance from the bottom of the primary air separator impeller to the top of the ring screen is in meters (m). For material density, To increase air density, the unit is kg / m³. 3 ; The particle size is represented by m; g is the acceleration due to gravity, in m / s². 2 ; Particle size is determined according to formula (1): When the left and right sides of formula (1) are equal, the particle size The material falls precisely onto the extended surface of the ring screen, with 50% entering the channel between the outer cavity and the ring screen, and 50% entering the inner side of the ring screen. When the left side of formula (1) is larger than the right side, the particle size The material enters the ring screen and becomes coarse particles; When the left side of formula (1) is smaller than the right side, the particle size The material passes through the extended surface of the ring screen and enters the outer channel between the outer cavity and the ring screen, becoming fine particles.

14. A design method for a mining dispersion screening and grading machine, characterized in that, The mining dispersion screening and grading machine according to any one of claims 1 to 11 comprises: Calculate the outer diameter of the primary air separation impeller : （2） In formula (2): It is the aspect ratio coefficient, and ; This is the coefficient for the amount of material that can be processed; Based on the outer diameter of the wind turbine in the first-level wind selection Determine the inner diameter of the ring screen : （3） According to the inner diameter of the ring screen Determine the diameter of the outer cavity : （4） Based on the outer diameter of the wind turbine in the first-level wind selection Determine the distance from the bottom of the annular hammer disc support to the top of the primary air classifier impeller. : （5） Based on the outer diameter of the wind turbine in the first-level wind selection Determine the distance from the bottom of the primary air classifier impeller to the top of the ring screen. : （6） Based on the outer diameter of the wind turbine in the first-level wind selection Determine the height of the ring screen : （7）。

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