A device and method for recovering hypervelocity impact ejecta from rock-like materials

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of planet defense, and particularly relates to a device and method for recycling super-high-speed impact rock material spray fragments. The device is in a plate shape, a through hole for passing the projectile is arranged in the middle of the plate, the plate comprises a metal back plate, a polymer foam material plate and a lubricating grease material coating arranged in sequence, and the lubricating grease material coating is arranged to face the rock material to be impacted; the thickness of the lubricating grease material coating is 3-5 cm, the material used is a thick grease-like semi-solid, and the thickness of the polymer foam material plate is 5-10 cm, the material used is a microporous material based on polymer and having bubbles inside. The present application realizes lossless recycling of rock material spray fragments under super-high-speed impact, accurately analyzes the spray angle of the spray fragments, helps to accurately count the size distribution of the spray fragments, and can be used for studying the dynamic response of rock material under super-high-speed impact.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of planetary defense, specifically relating to a device and method for recovering fragments ejected from ultra-high-speed impact rock materials. Background Technology

[0002] Asteroid impacts on Earth can cause global disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions, posing a significant potential threat to humanity. Kinetic impact is currently the preferred method for deflecting asteroids from their orbits, offering advantages such as technological maturity, wide applicability, and low cost. Kinetic impacts on asteroids (2–10 km / s) are a strongly coupled physical-mechanical-chemical process. Researchers have conducted ground-based hypervelocity impact experiments using rock-like materials (such as sandstone, granite, and basalt) to simulate the process.

[0003] To increase the orbital deviation of an asteroid under the same impact energy, it is necessary to analyze the energy transfer laws during impact and obtain the asteroid's dynamic response characteristics. By analyzing the ejection angle, size distribution, and microstructure of rock-like material fragments ejected under hypervelocity impact, the physical properties and fragmentation mechanisms of the material can be elucidated, thereby obtaining the asteroid's dynamic response characteristics.

[0004] To recover ejected rock fragments from hypersonic impacts, researchers designed various fragment recovery devices with recovery plates made of materials such as aluminum, copper, and glass. However, these devices can only record the location and angle of the ejected material, and cannot effectively collect the fragments. To address these issues, " F, Cintala MJ, See TH, and Nakamura-Messenger K. 2009. Penetration tracks in aerogel produced by Al2O3 spheres. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 44: 1243–1264. This paper proposes the use of aerogel to collect jet debris. However, while aerogel can collect fine jet debris well, large, high-speed debris can penetrate the aerogel, leading to recovery failure. In addition, aerogel is expensive. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an apparatus and method for recovering ejected fragments from ultra-high-speed impacts on rock-like materials.

[0006] The technical solution to achieve the purpose of this invention is as follows: a device for recovering ejected fragments from ultra-high-speed impacts on rock-like materials. The device is plate-shaped with a through hole in the middle for the projectile to pass through. The plate includes a metal back plate, a polymer foam material plate, and a grease material coating arranged sequentially, with the grease material coating facing the rock-like material to be impacted. The grease material coating is 3-5 cm thick and is a thick, greasy semi-solid. The polymer foam material plate is 5-10 cm thick and is a polymer-based microporous material containing air bubbles.

[0007] Furthermore, the thickness of the metal backing plate is 1–2 cm, and the material of the metal backing plate has a density of less than 5 g / cm³. 3 Low-density alloys.

[0008] Furthermore, the polymer foam material board is made of phenolic foam and is connected to a metal backing plate by adhesive.

[0009] Furthermore, the grease coating is mainly composed of mineral oil and thickener.

[0010] Furthermore, the material of the lubricating grease coating is petroleum jelly.

[0011] Furthermore, a grease coating is formed by spraying petroleum jelly onto a polymer foam material board.

[0012] A method for recovering fragments ejected from ultra-high-speed impacts on rock-like materials using the aforementioned device includes the following steps:

[0013] Step (1): The above-mentioned device is set with the grease coating facing the rock material to be impacted and at a distance D from the rock material to be impacted;

[0014] Step (2): Conduct a projectile impact test and the device recovers the fragments;

[0015] Step (3): Based on the outermost impact mark on the surface of the grease coating, and combined with the vertical distance D from the grease coating to the target surface, the maximum spray angle θ of the ejected fragments is obtained;

[0016] Step (4): The polymer foam material board with sprayed fragments and the lubricating grease material coating are placed in an organic solvent and heated to dissolve, then filtered and dried to obtain all the sprayed fragments;

[0017] Step (5): Use a magnetic separator to remove metal projectile fragments from the ejected fragments to obtain pure rock-like material ejected fragments;

[0018] Step (6): The size distribution of the ejected rock material fragments is obtained by a particle size analyzer, and the microstructure of the ejected rock material fragments is obtained by a scanning electron microscope.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (3), the maximum spray angle of the sprayed fragments is θ = arctan(D / R), where R is the outermost radius of the grease coating.

[0020] Further, step (4) specifically involves: immersing the coating of grease material with sprayed fragments in a polyethanol solution and heating it to 90±5°C; using a sodium polytungstate solution to remove phenolic foam particles from the phenolic foam board with sprayed fragments; and then filtering and drying to obtain all the sprayed fragments.

[0021] Furthermore, the vertical distance D ranges from 30 to 50 cm.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the significant advantages of this invention are:

[0023] The device for recovering ejected fragments from ultra-high-speed impacts on rock materials, as described in this invention, can achieve in-situ measurement of the ejection angle of ejected fragments from ultra-high-speed impacts on rock materials, effectively collect ejected fragments of different speed ranges and sizes, and will not cause secondary damage to the ejected fragments; compared with existing ejected fragment recovery devices, it is convenient to operate and low in cost.

[0024] The present invention provides a method for obtaining ejected fragments from ultra-high-speed impacts on rock-like materials. This method is simple to operate, feasible, and maximizes the acquisition of all original ejected fragments. It can also obtain more accurate size distribution of ejected fragments, which helps to observe the fracture characteristics of the ejected fragments. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device for recovering ejected fragments from ultra-high-speed impacts on rock materials in this invention; where (a) is a three-dimensional view and (b) is a side view.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process for recovering and processing fragments ejected from ultra-high-speed impact rock materials in this invention; wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of fragment formation, (b) is a schematic diagram of the device adsorbing fragments, and (c) is a schematic diagram of fragment recovery. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be fully described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0029] like Figure 1 This is a device for recovering ejected fragments from ultra-high-speed impacts on rock-like materials. The ejected fragment recovery device consists of a metal backplate, a polymer foam material plate, and a lubricating grease coating, arranged in sequence, with the lubricating grease coating facing the direction of ejection of the rock-like material fragments. The metal backplate material is a low-density alloy with a density of less than 5 g / cm³. 3 The backing plate is 1-2 cm thick; the grease coating is 3-5 cm thick. The grease is a thick, oily semi-solid, mainly composed of mineral oil and thickener, such as petrolatum; the polymer foam board is 5-10 cm thick. The polymer foam is a microporous material based on polymers with countless air bubbles inside, such as phenolic foam; the metal backing plate and the grease coating are connected by spraying and bonding, and the metal backing plate and the polymer foam board are connected by adhesive bonding.

[0030] The recovery device is placed 30-50 cm away from the target surface. When the projectile impacts the rock-like target at ultra-high speed, a large number of ejected fragments of varying velocities and sizes are ejected outwards in a cone shape. Figure 2 As shown in (a), high-speed, fine projectile fragments are captured by the outermost grease-based coating, while fragments with higher kinetic energy can penetrate the coating and, after their velocity decreases, eventually settle within the polymer foam material plate. By measuring the vertical distance from the outermost impact mark of the grease-based coating to the impact center, and combining this with the initial distance between the coating and the target surface, the maximum ejection angle of the projectile fragments can be obtained, as shown in (a). Figure 2 As shown in (b).

[0031] Subsequently, polymer foam material plates containing sprayed fragments and polymer foam material plates coated with lubricating grease were dissolved in their respective organic solvents, followed by filtration and drying to obtain all the sprayed fragments. Metal pellet fragments were removed from the sprayed fragments using a magnetic separator to obtain clean rock-like material sprayed fragments. These rock-like material sprayed fragments were characterized using a particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscopy to obtain their size distribution and microstructure, such as... Figure 2 As shown in (c).

[0032] Example 1

[0033] This invention discloses an apparatus and method for recovering ejected fragments from ultra-high-speed impacts on rock-like materials. The ejected fragment recovery device comprises a metal backplate, a polymer foam material plate, and a lubricating grease coating, arranged sequentially with the lubricating grease coating facing the direction of the ejected rock-like material fragments. The metal backplate is 2 cm thick and made of aluminum alloy; the lubricating grease coating is 3 mm thick and made of petroleum jelly; and the polymer foam material plate is 6 mm thick and made of phenolic foam. The lubricating grease coating is directly sprayed onto the metal backplate, and the metal backplate and the polymer foam material plate are bonded together using adhesive.

[0034] The recovery device was placed 50 cm away from the target surface of the rock-like material. By measuring the outermost radius R of the grease-like material coating, the maximum spray angle θ = arctan(50 / R) of the sprayed fragments could be obtained. The petrolatum coating containing the sprayed fragments was then immersed in a polyethylene glycol solution and heated to 90°C to dissolve the petrolatum. A sodium polytungstate solution was used to remove phenolic foam particles from the phenolic foam board containing the sprayed fragments. The mixture was then filtered and dried to obtain all the sprayed fragments. The obtained sprayed fragments were then separated using a magnetic separator to remove metal pellet fragments, resulting in clean rock-like material sprayed fragments. These rock-like material sprayed fragments were characterized using a particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscopy to obtain their size distribution and microstructure.

Claims

1. A method for recovering ejected fragments from ultra-high-speed impacts on rock materials using a device for recovering such fragments, characterized in that... The device is plate-shaped with a through-hole in the center for the projectile to pass through. The plate comprises a metal backplate, a polymer foam material plate, and a grease coating arranged sequentially, with the grease coating facing the rock-like material to be impacted. The grease coating is 3-5 cm thick and is a thick, greasy, semi-solid material. The polymer foam material plate is 5-10 cm thick and is a polymer-based microporous material containing internal air bubbles. The metal backplate is 1-2 cm thick and has a density of less than 5 g / cm³. 3 The low-density alloy; the polymer foam material board is made of phenolic foam and is connected to the metal backing plate by adhesive; the grease material coating is mainly composed of mineral oil and thickener; the grease material coating is made of petrolatum; the grease material coating is formed by spraying petrolatum onto the polymer foam material board; Includes the following steps: Step (1): The above-mentioned device is set with the grease coating facing the rock material to be impacted and at a distance D from the rock material to be impacted; Step (2): Conduct a high-speed impact test and recover the debris using the device; Step (3): Based on the outermost impact mark on the surface of the grease coating, and combined with the vertical distance D from the grease coating to the target surface, obtain the maximum ejection angle of the ejected fragments. ; Step (4): The polymer foam material board with sprayed fragments and the lubricating grease material coating are placed in an organic solvent and heated to dissolve, then filtered and dried to obtain all the sprayed fragments; Step (5): Use a magnetic separator to remove metal projectile fragments from the ejected fragments to obtain pure rock-like material ejected fragments; Step (6): The size distribution of the ejected rock material fragments is obtained by a particle size analyzer, and the microstructure of the ejected rock material fragments is obtained by a scanning electron microscope; Step (3) Maximum spray angle of the ejected fragments , where R is the outermost radius of the grease coating; Step (4) specifically involves: placing the coating of the lubricating grease material with sprayed fragments into a polyethanol solution and heating it to 90±5℃; using a sodium polytungstate solution to remove the phenolic foam particles in the phenolic foam board with sprayed fragments; and then filtering and drying to obtain all the sprayed fragments. The vertical distance D ranges from 30 to 50 cm.

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