Streamlined gun, perforating tool, and method of perforating

Abstract

This invention discloses a streamlined spray gun, a perforation tool, and a perforation method. The streamlined spray gun includes a spray gun body extending longitudinally along the axial direction, with a first end and a second end opposite each other along the axial direction. A main channel is formed inside the spray gun body, connecting the first end to the second end. Multiple guide grooves extend radially inward from the sidewalls of the spray gun body, extending from the first end to the second end. Each guide groove contains at most one jet channel. Guide grooves without jet channels form dedicated guide grooves for return fluid, while guide grooves with jet channels form auxiliary guide grooves for return fluid. The jet channels are connected to the main channel and are used to spray the jet medium within the main channel onto the wall surface to form perforations. This application separates each jet channel into an independent unit through the guide grooves, reducing the mutual influence of the jets from each jet channel and guiding the high-speed return fluid to flow out quickly, thus improving perforation quality and efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas well perforation, and particularly to a streamlined spray gun, perforation tool, and perforation operation method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, hydraulic jet perforation is widely used in oil and gas well perforation as an effective method. This method uses high-pressure water to carry sand particles, utilizing the kinetic energy of the water flow to propel the sand particles at high speed towards the casing and rock, thus forming perforations in the rock and improving oil and gas extraction efficiency. However, traditional hydraulic jet perforation guns have the following problems during the perforation process. First, interference between nozzles can lead to reduced perforation efficiency. When multiple nozzles are arranged on the gun, mutual influence between them can cause loss of kinetic energy in the jet, thereby reducing the perforation speed and efficiency. Second, interference between nozzles can also cause inconsistent perforation quality, affecting the production of oil and gas wells. Third, during the perforation process, high-speed flowback fluid carrying rock cuttings can impact the nozzles, potentially causing damage or blockage. Furthermore, the impact of high-speed flowback fluid on the nozzles can also affect the stability of the jet, leading to reduced perforation accuracy.

[0003] To address these issues, researchers have proposed several improvements, such as installing protective covers above the nozzles to reduce interference between nozzles, or wrapping the spray gun surface with sacrificial materials to improve wear resistance and impact resistance. However, while these improvements have increased the service life of the spray gun to some extent, they cannot simultaneously guarantee orifice quality and accuracy, thus having certain limitations.

[0004] Therefore, under the current technological background, it is still necessary to research and develop a hydraulic blasting perforation gun with optimized structure to improve perforation efficiency and accuracy, reduce interference between nozzles and the impact of high-speed flowback fluid on the nozzles, and further improve the production effect of oil and gas wells. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a streamlined spray gun, a perforation tool, and a perforation operation method to solve the problems of low efficiency and accuracy of spray gun perforation in the prior art.

[0006] The above-mentioned objectives of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] This invention provides a streamlined spray gun, comprising a spray gun body extending longitudinally along an axial direction, the spray gun body having a first end and a second end opposite to each other along the axial direction, and a main channel formed inside the spray gun body communicating from the first end to the second end; the sidewall of the spray gun body extends radially inward to form a plurality of guide grooves, the plurality of guide grooves extending from the first end to the second end, each guide groove being provided with at most one jet channel, the guide groove without the jet channel forming a dedicated guide groove for return fluid, and the guide groove with the jet channel forming an auxiliary guide groove for return fluid; the jet channel is connected to the main channel, and the jet channel is used to spray the jet medium in the main channel onto the wall surface to form a perforation hole.

[0008] Preferably, the guide channel has a spiral structure, and the jet channel is located at the center of the guide channel in the width direction.

[0009] Preferably, along the axial direction of the spray gun body, at least two of the spray channels on the return fluid auxiliary guide groove are arranged at the same distance from the first end, and the plurality of spray channels arranged at the same distance from the first end form a spray layer.

[0010] Furthermore, multiple jet channels on the same jet layer are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the spray gun body.

[0011] Preferably, the jet channels on two adjacent jet layers are aligned or staggered along the axial direction of the spray gun body.

[0012] Preferably, the diameter of the jet channel is reduced along the jetting direction of the jet channel.

[0013] Specifically, the spray gun body is manufactured in one piece, or the spray gun body is manufactured in two parts and sealed together by a sealing structure.

[0014] Specifically, the formula for calculating the width of the guide channel is as follows:

[0015] In the above formula, b is the width of the guide groove; k is the width coefficient of the guide groove, which is a positive real number less than 1; D is the outer diameter of the spray gun body; and n is the number of guide grooves.

[0016] Another object of the present invention is to provide a perforation tool comprising a streamlined spray gun as described above.

[0017] The present invention also provides a perforation operation method, wherein the perforation operation method is implemented using the perforation tool as described above, comprising: determining the number and position of the jet channels required for the perforation operation according to the environment of the perforation operation; installing the nozzle onto the jet channel determined to be used for the perforation operation, and sealing the jet channels not used for the perforation operation with a dead plug; connecting the perforation tool to the jet medium supply pipeline; lowering the perforation tool to the predetermined perforation position and opening the jet medium supply pipeline.

[0018] The features and advantages of this invention are as follows: The streamlined spray gun provided by this invention has multiple guide grooves on the side wall of the spray gun body, and at most one spray channel in the guide grooves, dividing each spray channel into an independent unit, so that each spray channel has a corresponding independent channel, reducing the mutual influence between the spraying operations of each spray channel during use; at the same time, the multiple guide grooves are also used to guide the high-speed return fluid to flow out quickly and smoothly, thereby reducing the impact of the return fluid on the spraying operation of the spray channel, which has the beneficial effect of improving the perforation quality and perforation efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the streamlined spray gun manufactured in one piece, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the streamlined spray gun manufactured in a split configuration, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of a streamlined spray gun with a 0.5 times pitch guide groove provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of a streamlined spray gun with a single-pitch guide groove provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of a streamlined spray gun with a 2x pitch guide groove provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of a streamlined spray gun with a trapezoidal cross-section guide groove provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7This is a cross-sectional view of a streamlined spray gun with a converging generatrix-shaped cross-section guide groove provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the streamlined spray gun with a combined cross-section guide groove provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the conical-cylindrical combined jet nozzle of the streamlined spray gun provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the curved cylindrical combined jet nozzle of the streamlined spray gun provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 11 This is a diagram showing the state of the streamlined spray gun provided in the embodiment of the present invention performing perforation operations in an oil and gas well.

[0031] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the perforation tool provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 13 Model diagram of a conventional spray gun;

[0033] Figure 14 This is a model diagram of the streamlined spray gun provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 15 A simulated flow pattern of the jet stream for a conventional spray gun model;

[0035] Figure 16 This is a streamlined simulation diagram of the jet cluster of the streamlined spray gun model provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 17 This is a simulation diagram of the return time for a conventional spray gun model;

[0037] Figure 18 This is a simulation diagram of the return time of the streamlined spray gun model provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 19 This is a three-dimensional view of the guide groove-jet flow channel region model of the streamlined spray gun provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 20 for Figure 19 The main view;

[0040] Figure 21 for Figure 19 Top view;

[0041] Figure 22The numerical simulation diagram of the guide channel-jet channel region model provided in the embodiment of the present invention under the parameter conditions of experiment number 1;

[0042] Figure 23 The numerical simulation diagram of the guide channel-jet channel region model provided in the embodiment of the present invention under the parameter conditions of experiment number 2;

[0043] Figure 24 The numerical simulation diagram of the guide channel-jet channel region model provided in the embodiment of the present invention under the parameter conditions of experiment number 3;

[0044] Figure 25 The numerical simulation diagram of the guide channel-jet channel region model provided in the embodiment of the present invention under the parameter conditions of experiment number 4;

[0045] Figure 26 The numerical simulation diagram of the guide channel-jet channel region model provided in the embodiment of the present invention under the parameter conditions of experiment number 8;

[0046] Figure 27 The numerical simulation diagram of the guide channel-jet channel region model provided in the embodiment of the present invention under the parameter conditions of experiment number 12;

[0047] Figure 28 The numerical simulation diagram of the guide channel-jet channel region model provided in the embodiment of the present invention under the parameter conditions of experiment number 15;

[0048] Figure 29 This is a numerical simulation diagram of the guide channel-jet channel region model provided in this embodiment of the invention under the parameter conditions of experiment number 16.

[0049] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0050] 1. Streamlined spray gun; 10. Spray gun body; 11. Main channel; 12. Guide channel; 13. Spray flow channel;

[0051] 2. External collet connector;

[0052] 3. Safety connector;

[0053] 4. Change the buckle;

[0054] 5. Stabilizer;

[0055] 6. Balancing valve;

[0056] 7. Packer;

[0057] 8. Coupling positioner;

[0058] 9. Straighten the guide head;

[0059] E. Drainage liquid outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the present invention provides a streamlined spray gun 1, including a spray gun body 10 extending longitudinally along the axial direction. The spray gun body 10 has a first end and a second end opposite to each other along the axial direction. A main channel 11 is formed inside the spray gun body 10, connecting the first end to the second end. A plurality of guide grooves 12 are formed on the sidewall of the spray gun body 10 extending radially inward. The plurality of guide grooves 12 extend from the first end to the second end. Each guide groove 12 is provided with at most one jet channel 13. The guide groove 12 without the jet channel 13 forms a dedicated guide groove for return liquid, and the guide groove 12 with the jet channel 13 forms an auxiliary guide groove for return liquid. The jet channel 13 is connected to the main channel 11 and is used to spray the jet medium in the main channel 11 onto the wall surface to form a perforation. The guide groove 12 can be obtained by vertically grooving, spirally grooving or grooving in other ways along the axial direction on the sidewall of the spray gun body 10. That is, the present invention does not limit the shape and structure of the longitudinal extension of the guide groove 12. In this embodiment, hydraulically carried sand liquid is preferably used as the jetting medium.

[0062] The streamlined spray gun 1 provided by the present invention provides multiple guide grooves 12 on the side wall of the spray gun body 10, and at most one spray channel 13 in each guide groove 12, dividing each spray channel 13 into an independent unit, so that each spray channel 13 has a corresponding independent channel, reducing the mutual influence between the spraying operations of each spray channel 13 during use; at the same time, the multiple guide grooves 12 are also used to guide the high-speed return fluid to flow out quickly and smoothly, thereby reducing the impact of the return fluid on the spraying operation of the spray channel 13, which has the beneficial effect of improving the perforation quality and perforation efficiency.

[0063] Specifically, such as Figures 1 to 5As shown, the streamlined spray gun 1 includes a spray gun body 10 extending longitudinally along the axial direction. An axially penetrating main channel 11 is formed inside the spray gun body 10. Multiple guide grooves 12 extend radially inward from the sidewalls of the spray gun body 10. Some guide grooves 12 have a jet channel 13 connected to the main channel 11, thus forming a guide groove for auxiliary return fluid. Other guide grooves 12 do not have a jet channel 13, forming a dedicated guide groove for return fluid. A nozzle for jetting is installed at the outlet end of the jet channel 13. In this way, the guide grooves 12 divide the nozzles in the prior art into independent units, ensuring that each nozzle has an independent flow channel. The guide grooves 12 on the surface of the spray gun body 10 guide the high-speed return fluid to flow out smoothly, reducing the impact of the return fluid on the nozzles, thereby improving the perforation quality and efficiency.

[0064] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the center line of the main flow channel 11 is aligned with the axis of the spray gun body 10, and the spray channel 13 is perpendicular to the main flow channel 11. This arrangement balances the efficiency and stability of the perforation operation.

[0065] Further reading Figures 13 to 18 As shown, to visually demonstrate the difference between the streamlined spray gun 1 provided in this application and the conventional spray gun in the prior art in terms of the impact of backflow fluid on the nozzle during use, the inventors conducted simulations and tests using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. Specifically, as... Figure 13 and Figure 14 As shown, the fluid dynamics calculation models of a conventional spray gun and the streamlined spray gun 1 provided in this application were constructed using the DesignModeler module of Fluent software. The mesh module was applied to mesh the models, with localized refinement in the nozzle area to ensure calculation accuracy. To monitor the interference of the backflow fluid on the nozzle, the fluid flow inside the spray gun was monitored in detail in the Fluent calculation module, with particular attention paid to the fluid trajectory near the nozzle. The concept of "backflow time" was introduced as an indicator to measure the degree of interference of the backflow fluid on the nozzle. The monitoring time was uniformly set to 10s, the time step to 100, and the time step size to 0.01s. The monitored object was the time the backflow fluid remained on the spray gun. By monitoring the backflow time, the degree of mutual interference between the backflow fluid and the jet stream was indirectly assessed. Figure 15 and Figure 16 As shown, the streamlined spray gun 1 exhibits less interference from the backflow liquid in its jet cluster, resulting in a more concentrated jet and significantly reduced deviation, demonstrating a longer effective jet length. In contrast, the conventional spray gun shows a shorter effective jet length, severe interference from the backflow liquid, and significant jet cluster deviation. Figure 17 and Figure 18As shown, the return time of a conventional spray gun is 8 seconds, while the return time of the streamlined spray gun 1 is reduced to 5.4 seconds, a reduction of 32.5%, which significantly improves the orifice efficiency and performance of the spray gun.

[0066] To ensure the streamlined spray gun 1 maintains stability under high-pressure and high-speed operating conditions, the spray gun body 10 is made of S-135 high-strength stainless steel, which has good wear resistance and impact resistance. In this embodiment, along the axial direction of the spray gun body 10, the cross-sectional shape of the guide groove 12 can be one of the following: semi-circular, triangular, trapezoidal, rectangular, or contracting generatrix shape, or other combinations thereof; this application does not impose any limitations on this. The trapezoidal cross-sectional shape of the guide groove 12 is described in conjunction with... Figure 6 As shown, the constricted generatrix cross-sectional shape of the guide channel 12 is consistent with the reference. Figure 7 As shown, the combined cross-sectional shape of the guide channel 12 is consistent with the reference. Figure 8 As shown.

[0067] For example, see the accompanying document. Figure 11 As shown, during the perforation of oil and gas wells using the streamlined spray gun 1, after the water pump is started, the high-speed sand-carrying fluid is injected into the tubing through the wellhead and then flows to the main channel 11 inside the spray gun body 10. It enters the jet channel 13 through the main channel 11 and completes the kinetic energy conversion at the nozzle, forming a high-speed sand-carrying water flow that penetrates the casing and rock, thereby completing the perforation. The jet channels 13, which are independently set in each guide channel 12, ensure that the jets from multiple nozzles in the same direction do not interfere with each other. At the same time as the perforation operation, the high-speed return fluid carrying rock cuttings is quickly transported to the wellhead through the guide channel 12 to ensure that the return fluid does not interfere too much with the nozzle jet during the jetting process. This achieves a balance between improving the perforation quality and perforation efficiency.

[0068] According to one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 1 to 5 As shown, to minimize the mutual interference between nozzle jet operations and reduce hydrodynamic disturbances while achieving optimal drainage fluid guidance, the guide groove 12 has a spiral structure, and the jet channel 13 is located at the center of the guide groove 12 in the width direction. Specifically, the guide groove 12 has a spiral structure, and the groove opening method of the guide groove 12 can be any opening method that can independently separate the jet channel 13, such as 0.5 times the pitch groove, single pitch groove, or double pitch groove. This allows the drainage fluid to rise along a spiral path, away from the direct jet area of ​​the nozzle, thereby reducing the impact of the drainage fluid on the perforation operation. Furthermore, the paths of the jet and drainage fluid can be optimized by adjusting the angle and spacing of the spiral structure to further reduce interference with the jet and improve perforation efficiency.

[0069] Further reading Figures 19 to 29As shown, to obtain the optimal placement of the jet channel 13 within the guide groove 12, the inventors used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software for local simulation and testing. Figures 19 to 21 As shown, a fluid calculation model for the region from guide channel 12 to jet channel 13 was established. In this model, d φ D represents the diameter of the jet channel 13. h b is the groove depth of the guide channel 12 r This indicates the installation position of the jet channel 13 within the guide groove 12. (Using h...) j This represents the energy loss of the jet cluster, h. j The smaller the value, the less disturbance the jet channel 13 experiences. According to Bernoulli's equation, h... j The pressure and velocity differences between the two reference planes—the starting end of the jet cluster (inlet of jet channel 13) and the cross-section of the guide channel 12 above jet channel 13 (return liquid outlet E)—are related, and the relationship is as follows:

[0070]

[0071] In the above formula, ΔP represents the pressure drop, and Δv 2 This represents the velocity variance of the jet medium at the starting end of the jet cluster and the jet medium at the cross section of the guide groove 12 above the jet channel 13.

[0072] At the same time, h j This can be expressed by a function containing the model's structural parameters and basic physical quantities, establishing a functional expression with a mapping relationship between the structural parameters of the guide channel 12 and the jet channel 13. This expression can be formalized as the following formula:

[0073] In the above formula, v represents the jet velocity in meters per second (m / s); g represents the acceleration due to gravity, in meters per second squared (m / s²). 2 μ represents the kinematic viscosity of the jet medium, with units of square meters per second (m³). 2 / s), where h j d φ D h and b r The unit for all of them is meters (m).

[0074] The specific experimental parameters are shown in Table 1.

[0075] Table 1 Specific Experimental Parameters

[0076] The simulation results were obtained based on the values ​​of parameters such as pressure difference and velocity of the jet stream. Some of the simulation results are shown below. Figures 22 to 29As shown in Table 2, the speed and pressure data were output and processed using Fluent's result module. Linearization was then applied to facilitate regression.

[0077] Table 2. Results obtained after linearization.

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] Through linear regression, the relationship between jet performance and structural parameters such as slot depth, jet channel 13 size, and the placement position of jet channel 13 in guide groove 12 is obtained as follows:

[0081]

[0082] As can be seen from the above relationships, the smaller the diameter of the jet channel 13, the smaller the energy loss of the jet cluster. This indicates that the jet in the jet channel 13 is less disturbed and has better jet performance. The smaller the groove depth, the better the jet performance. The closer the jet channel 13 is to the center of the guide groove 12 in the width direction, the better the jet performance. Furthermore, experimental results show that the optimal jet performance can be obtained under the combined conditions of a jet diameter of 4.0 mm, a groove depth of 20 mm in the guide groove 12, and the jet channel 13 being located at the center of the guide groove 12 in the width direction.

[0083] That is, the formula for calculating the energy loss of the jet clusters in each jet channel 13 on the streamlined spray gun 1 is as follows:

[0084]

[0085] In the above formula, h j d represents the energy loss of the jet cluster. φ D represents the diameter of the jet channel 13. h b represents the groove depth of the guide channel 12. r The value indicates the installation position of the jet channel 13 in the guide groove 12, v represents the jet velocity, and μ represents the kinematic viscosity of the jet medium.

[0086] Where, d φ b r D h All values ​​are design values. To minimize the energy loss of the jet cluster, b is preferred. rWhen the jet channel 13 is set at the center of the guide channel 12 in the width direction, it is equal to half the width of the guide channel 12. This will result in better jet performance. Based on this, by matching the diameter of the jet channel 13 and the groove depth of the guide channel 12 according to the adaptability of the perforation operation conditions, the minimum jet cluster energy loss can be achieved and the best jet effect can be obtained.

[0087] According to one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 11 As shown, in order to further improve the perforation efficiency, at least two jet channels 13 on the return fluid auxiliary guide grooves 12 are set at the same distance from the first end along the axial direction of the spray gun body 10, and the multiple jet channels 13 set at the same distance from the first end form a spray layer.

[0088] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, to prevent radial displacement of the streamlined spray gun 1 during the perforation operation, multiple spray channels 13 on the same spray layer are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the spray gun body 10 to ensure the stability of the streamlined spray gun 1 during the perforation operation. Specifically, when there are two spray channels 13 on the same spray layer, the included angle between the two spray channels 13 is 180°; when there are three spray channels 13 on the same spray layer, the included angle between two adjacent spray channels 13 is 120°, and so on.

[0089] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the jet channels 13 on two adjacent jet layers are aligned or staggered along the axial direction of the spray gun body 10. Specifically, as shown... Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the jet channels 13 on two adjacent spray layers are aligned along the axial direction of the spray gun body 10, that is, the jet channels 13 on two adjacent spray layers are spaced apart on the same generatrix along the axial direction of the spray gun body 10; of course, as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the jet channels 13 on two adjacent jet layers can also be staggered along the axial direction of the spray gun body 10, and can be adapted according to the needs of the perforation.

[0090] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, see also Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, to reduce the impact and energy loss experienced by the jet medium flowing into the jet channel 13 from the main channel 11, and to obtain a better perforation effect, the diameter of the jet channel 13 is reduced along the jet direction. Preferably, as shown... Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, the jet channel 13 has a conical structure, a conical-cylindrical combination structure, or a curved-cylindrical combination structure. The conical jet channel 13 has the advantages of simple structure and easy processing, but its jet outlet density is low, and due to stress concentration, wear is relatively large. This type of jet channel 13 is suitable for applications where jet intensity requirements are not high. The conical-cylindrical combination jet channel 13 adds a cylindrical through-hole at the outlet end to the conical structure, balancing superior flow characteristics and good wear resistance. The curved-cylindrical combination jet channel 13 adopts a curved design at the inlet end, resulting in a larger flow coefficient and lower energy loss. However, it is more difficult to machine, harder to meet design requirements, and has higher costs. This type of jet channel 13 can provide excellent performance in specific applications.

[0091] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the spray gun body 10 is manufactured in a single piece, or the spray gun body 10 is manufactured in separate pieces and sealed together by a sealing structure. Specifically, as shown... Figure 1 As shown, the spray gun body 10 is manufactured in one piece, or, as... Figure 2 As shown, the spray gun body 10 is manufactured in multiple segments and connected by a sealing structure. The sealing structure includes specially designed sealing threads at the joints of each segment and a sealing element between two segments, preferably an O-ring with high pressure resistance, wear resistance, and chemical resistance.

[0092] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the formula for calculating the width of the guide groove 12 is as follows: In the above formula, b is the width of the guide groove 12; k is the width coefficient of the guide groove 12, which is a positive real number less than 1; D is the outer diameter of the spray gun body 10; and n is the number of guide grooves 12. By controlling the slot width and number of guide grooves 12 using the above formula, the overall hydrodynamic performance of the streamlined spray gun 1 can be optimized, the jet penetration and continuity can be enhanced, and thus the accuracy and efficiency of the jet can be improved.

[0093] Another object of the present invention is to provide a perforation tool, which includes the streamlined spray gun 1 as described above.

[0094] For example, see the accompanying document. Figure 12As shown, in oil and gas well perforation operations, the perforation tool includes, in sequence, an external slip connector 2, a safety joint 3, a variable coupling 4, a centralizer 5, a streamlined spray gun 1, a balance valve 6, a packer 7, a coupling positioner 8, and a centralizing guide head 9, all connected in a sealed manner. The balance valve 6 maintains pressure equilibrium among the various injection channels 13, ensuring each channel receives the same injection pressure, thereby improving the uniformity and accuracy of perforation. The centralizer 5 and the centralizing guide head 9 maintain the stability of the streamlined spray gun 1 during perforation operations under complex formation conditions, improving its environmental adaptability and preventing it from adhering to the wall and affecting the perforation effect. In practical use, the perforation tool is connected to the jet medium supply pipeline via the external slip connector 2. Of course, in oil and gas well perforation operations under different production conditions, the specific structure of the streamlined spray gun 1 and the connecting parts forming the perforation tool can be customized according to actual working conditions; this application does not impose any restrictions on this. Similarly, the streamlined spray gun 1 provided in this application can also be connected to other structures for application in other fields that require high-pressure spraying operations, such as geological exploration, tunnel construction, and water conservancy projects. This application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0095] The present invention also provides a perforation operation method, which is implemented using the perforation tool described above, comprising:

[0096] Step S1: Determine the number and location of the jet channels 13 required for the perforation operation based on the working environment of the perforation operation.

[0097] Step S2: Install the nozzle onto the jet channel 13 designated for perforation operation, and seal the jet channel 13 not designated for perforation operation with a dead plug to form a perforation tool.

[0098] Step S3: Connect the perforation tool to the jet medium supply line.

[0099] Step S4: Lower the perforation tool to the predetermined perforation position and turn on the jet medium supply pipeline.

[0100] Specifically, in step S1, based on the perforation operation environment, including the characteristics of the target rock formation, the perforation direction, and the required perforation depth, an appropriate number of jet channels 13 and jet direction are selected to achieve the best perforation effect. Simultaneously, the number of streamlined jet guns 1 can be adjusted according to actual operating conditions and environmental factors such as well depth, well diameter, and formation characteristics to obtain higher perforation accuracy and efficiency.

[0101] In step S4, during the process of supplying jet medium to the jet gun through the jet medium supply pipeline, the water spray regulating valve set on the jet medium supply pipeline can be adjusted according to actual needs to change the jet pressure and flow rate, thereby achieving precise control over the perforation effect.

[0102] The perforation operation method provided by this invention uses a perforation tool with a streamlined spray gun 1 to perform perforation operations, so that during the jetting process, the high-speed return fluid does not interfere with the nozzle jetting, and the jetting of multiple nozzles in the same direction does not interfere with each other, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of perforation operations, which helps to improve the exploitation effect of oil and gas wells and has important practical value for the oil and gas industry.

[0103] The above descriptions are merely a few embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or variations to the embodiments of the present invention based on the content disclosed in the application documents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A streamlined spray gun, characterized in that, It includes a spray gun body extending longitudinally along the axial direction, the spray gun body having a first end and a second end opposite to each other along the axial direction, and a main channel formed inside the spray gun body that connects from the first end to the second end. The sidewall of the spray gun body extends radially inward to form multiple guide grooves, and the formula for calculating the width of the guide grooves is as follows: , In the above formula, b is the width of the guide groove; k is the width coefficient of the guide groove, which is a positive real number less than 1; D is the outer diameter of the spray gun body; and n is the number of guide grooves. Multiple guide channels extend from the first end to the second end. Each guide channel is provided with at most one jet channel. The guide channel without the jet channel forms a dedicated guide channel for return liquid, and the guide channel with the jet channel forms an auxiliary guide channel for return liquid. The jet channel is connected to the main channel, and the jet channel is used to spray the jet medium in the main channel onto the wall surface to form a perforation hole; The relationship between the jet performance of the streamlined spray gun and the groove depth, the size of the jet channel, and the position of the jet channel in the guide groove is as follows: ， In the above formula, h j d represents the energy loss of the jet cluster. Φ D represents the diameter of the jet channel. h b represents the groove depth of the guide channel. r The value indicates the installation position of the jet channel in the guide groove, v represents the jet velocity, and μ represents the kinematic viscosity of the jet medium.

2. The streamlined spray gun according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide channel has a spiral structure, and the jet channel is located at the center of the guide channel in the width direction.

3. The streamlined spray gun according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Along the axial direction of the spray gun body, at least two of the spray channels on the return fluid auxiliary guide groove are arranged at the same distance from the first end, and the plurality of spray channels arranged at the same distance from the first end form a spray layer.

4. The streamlined spray gun according to claim 3, characterized in that, Multiple jet channels on the same jet layer are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the spray gun body.

5. The streamlined spray gun according to claim 4, characterized in that, The jet channels on two adjacent jet layers are aligned or staggered along the axial direction of the spray gun body.

6. The streamlined spray gun according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the injection direction of the jet channel, the diameter of the jet channel is reduced.

7. The streamlined spray gun according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spray gun body is manufactured in one piece, or the spray gun body is manufactured in two parts and sealed together by a sealing structure.

8. A perforation tool, characterized in that, The perforating tool includes the streamlined spray gun as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A method for perforation operation, characterized in that, The perforation operation method is implemented using the perforation tool as described in claim 8, including: Determine the number and location of the jet channels required for the perforation operation based on the operating environment of the perforation. Install the nozzle onto the jet flow channel where the perforation operation is to be carried out, and seal the jet flow channel where the perforation operation is not to be carried out with a dead plug; Connect the perforating tool to the jet medium supply line; Lower the perforating tool to the predetermined perforation position and turn on the jet medium supply pipeline.

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