Six-degree-of-freedom extrusion-forging-rotation integrated forming machine and forming method

Abstract

The invention discloses a six-degree-of-freedom extrusion-forging-spinning integrated forming machine and method, comprising a frame, a first fixed beam is arranged at one end of the frame, a second fixed beam is arranged at the other end of the frame, a first slider and a third slider are arranged between the first fixed beam and the second fixed beam; the second slider is embedded in the first slider; the first slider and the third slider are arranged on a first group of guide rails, a third fixed beam and a fourth fixed beam are arranged between the third slider and the second fixed beam along the width direction of the frame, a fourth slider and a fifth slider are arranged between the third fixed beam and the fourth fixed beam, and the fourth slider and the fifth slider are arranged on the first group of guide rails; a turntable is arranged on the inner side of the second fixed beam; each slider and the turntable are driven by different driving devices. The invention can realize the extrusion-forging-spinning integration and short-process forming and manufacturing of complex parts of metal and composite materials, and achieve the effects of strengthening, toughening, weak texture and reduced forming force.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of forming and manufacturing equipment for metal and composite materials, and in particular to a six-degree-of-freedom extrusion-forging-rotation integrated forming machine and a forming method. Background Art

[0002] High-end equipment such as vehicles, nuclear power equipment, and national defense weapons are constantly developing towards heavier loads, higher speeds, and extreme service environments, which puts forward higher requirements on the functional integration, structural complexity, toughness, and lightness of key parts of metals and their composite materials. Forming processes such as extrusion, forging, and spinning are common methods for manufacturing metal and composite parts, but their forming methods and loading forms are relatively simple, resulting in great limitations on the structure and function of the formed parts.

[0003] Extrusion can be used to manufacture tubes, rods, wires, profiles, etc., but extrusion-formed parts have prominent problems such as severely limited cross-sectional changes in the length direction, difficulty in synergizing reinforcement and toughening, significant texture, and obvious anisotropy. Forging can be used to manufacture parts with more complex shapes, but forging technology still faces huge challenges when manufacturing complex parts with complex cavities, thin walls, internal and external ribs, and bosses. Spinning is mainly used to manufacture rotating bodies. The length of spin-formed parts, the height and width of internal and external ribs, and the complexity of the internal cavity structure are all severely limited.

[0004] Extrusion and forging often require large loads, which results in large sizes and energy consumption of extruders and forging presses. Due to the large loads required for extrusion and forging of parts, large components are often unable to be manufactured due to the tonnage limitations of extruders and forging presses. Spin forming uses the idea of ​​local loading and progressive forming, which has significant advantages in reducing forming loads and improving part performance.

[0005] The organic combination of various forming methods such as extrusion, forging, spinning and their motion forms can give full play to the advantages of each process. Through the integrated forming of extrusion-forging-spinning, the integration and short-process forming of complex parts can be realized under relatively small forming load conditions, and parts with special performance, functions and complex shapes can be obtained to meet the needs of high-end equipment in special service environments. However, there is a lack of corresponding special equipment and forming technology for extrusion-forging-spinning integration. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the limitations of existing forming equipment, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a six-degree-of-freedom extrusion-forging-rotation integrated forming machine and forming method, which can be used to realize the integration and short-process forming and manufacturing of complex parts of metal and composite materials, and achieve the effects of strengthening, toughening, and weak texture.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a six-degree-of-freedom extrusion-forging-rotation integrated forming machine and forming method, which are as follows:

[0008] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a six-degree-of-freedom extrusion-forging-rotation integrated forming machine, including a frame, a first fixed beam is arranged at one end of the frame along the length direction of the frame, a second fixed beam is arranged at the other end of the frame, a first slider and a third slider are arranged between the first fixed beam and the second fixed beam; the second slider is nested in the first slider; the first slider and the second slider are located on one side of the first fixed beam; the third slider is located between the first slider and the second fixed beam; the first slider and the third slider are arranged on a first set of guide rails, and a third fixed beam and a fourth fixed beam are arranged between the third slider and the second fixed beam along the width direction of the frame, and the third fixed beam and the fourth fixed beam are arranged between the third slider and the second fixed beam. The fixed beams are respectively located on both sides of the frame width direction, and a fourth slider and a fifth slider are arranged between the third fixed beam and the fourth fixed beam, and the fourth slider and the fifth slider are arranged on the second set of guide rails; a turntable is arranged on the inner side of the second fixed beam, and the turntable is located between the fourth slider and the fifth slider and the second fixed beam; the first slider is driven by the first driving device, the second slider is driven by the second driving device, and the second slider can pass through the first slider under the drive of the second driving device; the third slider is driven by the third driving device; the fourth slider is driven by the fourth driving device, the fifth slider is driven by the fifth driving device, and the turntable is driven by the sixth driving device.

[0009] As a further technical solution, a discharge hole is provided at the center of the turntable.

[0010] As a further technical solution, it also includes a first group of load-bearing columns, and the first group of load-bearing columns are connected to the first fixed beam, the second fixed beam, the first sliding block, and the third sliding block.

[0011] As a further technical solution, it also includes a second group of load-bearing columns, and the second group of load-bearing columns are connected to the third fixed beam, the fourth fixed beam, the fourth sliding block, and the fifth sliding block.

[0012] As a further technical solution, the turntable is driven by a motor and a reducer, the motor is located above the second fixed beam, the motor is connected to the reducer, the reducer is connected to the turntable, and the reducer drives the turntable to rotate.

[0013] As a further technical solution, the first driving device is two parallel first master cylinders and a second master cylinder; the second driving device is a central cylinder, and the central cylinder is located between the first master cylinder and the second master cylinder; the third driving device is two parallel first reverse cylinders and a second reverse cylinder; the fourth driving device is a first side cylinder; and the fifth driving device is a second side cylinder.

[0014] As a further technical solution, the first control unit is connected to the central cylinder, the second control unit is connected to the first master cylinder and the second master cylinder, the third control unit is connected to the second side cylinder, the fourth control unit is connected to the first side cylinder, and the fifth control unit is connected to the first reverse cylinder and the second reverse cylinder; the first power unit directly provides power to the first control unit, the second power unit directly provides power to the third and fifth control units, and the third power unit directly provides power to the fourth control unit. The first, second, and third power units are interconnected, and the power of the second control unit is dynamically regulated by opening and closing the first, second, and third valves.

[0015] As a further technical solution, the forming machine also includes a control system, which mainly includes eight control modules: a first slider, a second slider, a third slider, a fourth slider, a fifth slider, a turntable, a first slider-second slider-third slider linkage, and a fourth slider-fifth slider linkage, as well as two display modules: load curve and motion curve.

[0016] As a further technical solution, the eight control modules have two control forms: displacement control and force control; the control modules of the first slider, the second slider, the third slider, the fourth slider, the fifth slider and the turntable can act individually or in combination; the control module of the first slider-the second slider-the third slider linkage can realize the simultaneous synchronous action of the three; the control module of the fourth slider-the fifth slider linkage can realize the simultaneous synchronous action of the two; the control methods are all closed-loop control.

[0017] As a further technical solution, the two display modules of load curve and motion curve can display the curves in real time and store the data in the controller.

[0018] In a second aspect, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention also provides an extrusion-forging-spinning integrated forming method, comprising the following steps:

[0019] The first step is to preheat the blank and the die and extrusion tool in contact with the blank, wherein the preheating temperature of the blank is not less than 20% of the melting point of the material;

[0020] In the second step, the first slider, the second slider and the third slider make linear motion toward the direction of the turntable, and the fourth slider and the fifth slider make linear motion toward the center axis position in the length direction of the forming machine. The speed and motion displacement of the five linear motions are set according to the specific situation;

[0021] The third step is that in the linear motion of the second step, before the extrusion die contacts the blank, the turntable starts to produce continuous rotational motion, and the rotation speed of the rotational motion is within 50r / min;

[0022] Alternatively, in the linear motion of the second step, after the extrusion die contacts the blank and causes a certain plastic deformation in a local area of ​​the blank, the first slider, the second slider, the third slider, the fourth slider, and the fifth slider produce reverse linear motion, so that the extrusion die is separated from the blank, and the turntable rotates to a certain rotation angle, and the rotation speed is within 5r / min, and then the second and third steps are repeated.

[0023] In the fourth step, the first slider, the second slider, the third slider, the fourth slider and the fifth slider produce a linear motion opposite to that in the second step, so that the extrusion tool and the die are separated from the blank.

[0024] The extrusion-forging-spinning integrated forming machine with a special configuration, a control system and a hydraulic system and the extrusion-forging-spinning forming using the device have the following beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) The present invention can form and manufacture complex components with variable cross-sections, hollow thin walls and internal and external annular ribs through a special overall configuration design and an organic combination and orderly control of six-degree-of-freedom motion, and then cooperate with corresponding extrusion dies and tools, thereby achieving an organic combination of the technical advantages of extrusion, forging, spinning, etc., and significantly shortening the forming process.

[0026] (2) The combination of rotational motion and linear motion causes the material to produce strong shear and severe plastic deformation during the deformation process, which helps to refine the microstructure of the component and improve its uniformity, thereby achieving the role and effect of strengthening and toughening.

[0027] (3) The through hole can regulate the extrusion speed and rotation speed, which can effectively regulate the micro-texture of the component and weaken the texture of the component, so that the performance of the component in the extrusion direction and the perpendicular extrusion direction is similar, thereby eliminating the anisotropy of the component, or making the circumferential performance of the component better than the axial performance, which is beneficial to the subsequent bulging processing of the component.

[0028] (4) Through the organic combination of multiple linear motions and rotational motions, local loading and progressive forming can be achieved, so that the forming load can be reduced to 1 / 3 of the traditional forming process, achieving small to large. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a six-degree-of-freedom extrusion-forging-spinning integrated forming machine;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the side loading and spindle rotation structure of the six-degree-of-freedom extrusion-forging-rotation integrated forming machine;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic control principle of a six-degree-of-freedom extrusion-forging-spinning integrated forming machine;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the control interface of the six-degree-of-freedom extrusion-forging-spinning integrated forming machine;

[0033] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly relationship between the extrusion-spinning forming tool and the main machine for the variable cross-section pipe;

[0034] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the extrusion-spinning forming method of a variable cross-section tube; wherein (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f) represent different forming stages respectively;

[0035] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the extrusion-spinning forming method of a double-layer variable-section cup-shaped part; wherein (a), (b), (c), and (d) represent different forming stages respectively;

[0036] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the extrusion-forging-rotation integrated forming method for complex components with inner and outer ring ribs, where (a), (b), and (c) represent different forming stages respectively;

[0037] In the figure, 1-first fixed beam, 2-second fixed beam, 3-first slider, 4-second slider, 5-third slider, 6-turntable, 7-first group of bearing columns, 8-first group of guide rails, 9-frame, 10-support platform;

[0038] 11-third fixed beam, 12-fourth fixed beam, 13-fourth slider, 14-fifth slider, 15-second group of load-bearing columns, 16-second group of guide rails;

[0039] 17-first master cylinder, 18-second master cylinder, 19-center cylinder, 20-first reverse cylinder, 21-second reverse cylinder, 22-connecting rod, 23-first side cylinder, 24-second side cylinder, 25-motor, 26-reducer, 27-discharging hole;

[0040] 28-first axis, 29-second axis;

[0041] 30-extrusion rod, 31-center rod, 32-extrusion cylinder, 33-manipulator, 34-blank, 35-extrusion part;

[0042] 36-first push-pull rod, 37-first split mold, 38-second push-pull rod, 39-second split mold, 40-third mold. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0044] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless otherwise explicitly stated in the present invention, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "include" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof;

[0045] For the convenience of description, if the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" appear in the present invention, they only indicate that they are consistent with the up, down, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0046] Terminology explanation section: The terms "install", "connect", "connect", "fixed" and the like in the present invention should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral whole; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two elements, or an interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0047] As introduced in the background technology, there are deficiencies in the prior art. In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention proposes a six-degree-of-freedom extrusion-forging-rotation integrated forming machine.

[0048] The six-degree-of-freedom extrusion-forging-rotation integrated forming machine disclosed in this embodiment has five degrees of freedom of linear motion and one degree of freedom of rotational motion; specifically, the first linear motion, the second linear motion, and the third linear motion are parallel to the first axis, wherein the first linear motion and the second linear motion are located on one side of the forming machine, and the second linear motion is located on the central axis in the length direction of the forming machine, and the third linear motion is located in the middle area in the length direction of the forming machine. The fourth linear motion and the fifth linear motion are located on the second axis of the forming machine, and the two are located on both sides of the width direction of the forming machine respectively. The first axis and the second axis are perpendicular to each other. The rotational motion is located on the other side of the length direction of the forming machine, and the rotation direction is perpendicular to the first axis.

[0049] The overall configuration of the six-degree-of-freedom extrusion-forging-rotation integrated forming machine disclosed in this embodiment is a horizontal machine tool, which adopts a structure of two beams, three sliders, one turntable and four columns in the length direction, and a structure of double beams, double sliders and four columns in the width direction. Specifically, the forming machine has a first fixed beam 1, a second fixed beam 2, a first slider 3, a second slider 4, a third slider 5, a turntable 6, a first group of load-bearing columns 7, a first group of guide rails 8 and a frame 9 in the length direction; wherein the first fixed beam 1 and the second fixed beam 2 are respectively located at both ends of the frame 9, and the positions of the first fixed beam 1 and the second fixed beam 2 are fixed; the first slider 3 and the second slider 4 are located on the inner side of the forming machine close to the first fixed beam 1, and the second slider 4 can pass through the central area of ​​the first slider 3, and the third slider 5 is in the middle area of ​​the length direction of the forming machine; the turntable 6 is located at the other end of the forming machine and is fixed in the second fixed beam 2, and the turntable 6 can rotate relative to the second fixed beam 2, and the through hole opened on the central axis of the turntable is a discharge hole 27;

[0050] Further, the first group of bearing columns 7 is four cylinders, which are connected to the first fixed beam 1, the second fixed beam 2, the first slider 3, and the third slider 5, and the axes of the four cylinders are parallel;

[0051] Furthermore, the first set of guide rails 8 is two in number, the lower ends of which are fixed to the frame 9, and the upper ends are connected to the first slider 3 and the third slider 5. The first slider 3 and the third slider 5 can move on the two guide rails, and the two guide rails are arranged along the length direction of the forming machine.

[0052] Furthermore, the supporting platform 10 is located between two guide rails and is used to support the extrusion die, tools and workpieces.

[0053] Furthermore, in the present embodiment, preferably, the first fixed beam 1 is 3200 mm long, 1600 mm wide, and 1000 mm thick; the second fixed beam 2 is 3200 mm long, 1600 mm wide, and 1100 mm thick; the first slider 3 is 3200 mm long, 1600 mm wide, and 520 mm thick; the second slider 4 is 600 mm long, 600 mm wide, and 200 mm thick; the third slider 5 is 3000 mm long, 2000 mm wide, and 500 mm thick; the turntable 6 has a diameter of 1000 mm; and the first group of load-bearing columns 7 has a diameter of 250 mm.

[0054] Furthermore, in this embodiment, preferably, the maximum distance between the first slider 3 and the turntable 6 is 3500 mm; and the minimum distance between the third slider 5 and the turntable 6 is 700 mm.

[0055] Further, in the present embodiment, the forming machine has a third fixed beam 11, a fourth fixed beam 12, a fourth slider 13, a fifth slider 14, a second group of bearing columns 15, and a second group of guide rails 16 in the width direction, and the third fixed beam 11, the fourth fixed beam 12, the fourth slider 13, the fifth slider 14, the second group of bearing columns 15, and the second group of guide rails 16 are all located on the side close to the turntable 6; wherein the third fixed beam 11 and the fourth fixed beam 12 are respectively located at both ends of the forming machine in the width direction, and their positions are fixed; the fourth slider 13 is located on the inner side close to the third fixed beam 11, and the fifth slider 14 is located on the inner side close to the fourth fixed beam 12, that is, the fourth slider 13 and the fifth slider 14 are located between the third fixed beam 11 and the fourth fixed beam 12;

[0056] Furthermore, the second group of load-bearing columns 15 is four cylinders, and the four cylinders are connected to the third fixed beam 11, the fourth fixed beam 12, the fourth slider 13, and the fifth slider 14;

[0057] Furthermore, the second set of guide rails 16 is two in number, the lower ends of which are fixed to the frame 9, and the upper ends are connected to the fourth slider 13 and the fifth slider 14; and the setting direction of the second set of guide rails 16 is perpendicular to the setting direction of the first set of guide rails 8, and they are arranged along the width direction of the forming machine, and the two guide rails are located between the third fixed beam 11 and the fourth fixed beam 12;

[0058] Furthermore, in this embodiment, preferably, the third fixed beam 11 and the fourth fixed beam 12 are 1750 mm long, 650 mm wide, and 350 mm thick; the fourth slider 13 and the fifth slider 14 are 1750 mm long, 650 mm wide, and 180 mm thick, and the distance between the fourth slider 13 and the fifth slider 14 is 1200 mm; and the diameter of the second group of load-bearing columns 15 is 125 mm.

[0059] like Figure 1 As shown, the forming machine of this embodiment further includes a first master cylinder 17, a second master cylinder 18, and a center cylinder 19; the first master cylinder 17, the second master cylinder 18, and the center cylinder 19 are arranged side by side and fixed on the first fixed beam 1, the center cylinder 19 is located on the first axis 28, and the first master cylinder 17 and the second master cylinder 18 are respectively located on both sides of the center cylinder 19; the first master cylinder 17 and the second master cylinder 18 are connected to the first slider 3, that is, the first master cylinder 17 and the second master cylinder 18 drive the first slider 3 to reciprocate along the length direction of the forming machine; the center cylinder 19 is connected to the second slider 4, and the center cylinder 19 drives the second slider 4 to pass through the first slider 3 and reciprocate along the length direction of the forming machine;

[0060] like Figure 1As shown, the forming machine of this embodiment also includes a first reverse cylinder 20 and a second reverse cylinder 21, which are fixed on the second fixed beam 2 and connected to the third slider 5 through a connecting rod 22, and two first reverse cylinders 20 are provided, which are arranged up and down along the height direction of the forming machine; two second reverse cylinders 21 are provided, which are arranged up and down along the height direction of the forming machine, and the axes of the four reverse cylinders are parallel, and together drive the third slider 5 to reciprocate along the length direction of the forming machine.

[0061] like Figure 1 As shown, the forming machine of this embodiment further includes a first side cylinder 23 and a second side cylinder 24; the first side cylinder 23 is fixed on the third fixed beam 11 and connected to the fourth slider 13, the second side cylinder 24 is fixed on the fourth fixed beam 12 and connected to the fifth slider 14, and the first side cylinder 23 and the second side cylinder 24 are located on the second axis 29; the second axis 29 is perpendicular to the first axis 28;

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown, the forming machine of this embodiment further includes a motor 25, the motor 25 is located above the second fixed beam 2, the motor 25 is connected to a reducer 26, the reducer 26 is connected to the turntable 6, and the reducer 26 drives the turntable 6 to rotate;

[0063] Preferably, the first master cylinder 17 and the second master cylinder 18 can generate 400 tons of pressure and 150 tons of tension respectively, with a stroke of 1500mm; the center cylinder 19 can generate 300 tons of pressure and 150 tons of tension respectively, with a stroke of 1500mm; the first reverse cylinder 20 and the second reverse cylinder 21 can generate 300 tons of pressure and 150 tons of tension respectively, with a stroke of 1500mm; the first side cylinder 23 and the second side cylinder 24 can generate 80 tons of pressure and 40 tons of tension respectively, with a stroke of 500mm; the loading speed range of each cylinder is 0-5mm / s; the turntable torque range is 0-10T·m, and the speed is 0-5r / min.

[0064] like Figure 3 As shown, the power source of the hydraulic system in this embodiment includes a first power unit, a second power unit, and a third power unit, and the control unit includes a first control unit, a second control unit, a third control unit, a fourth control unit, and a fifth control unit;

[0065] Among them, the first control unit is connected to the central cylinder 19, the second control unit is connected to the first master cylinder 17 and the second master cylinder 18, the third control unit is connected to the second side cylinder 24, the fourth control unit is connected to the first side cylinder 23, and the fifth control unit is connected to the first reverse cylinder 20 and the second reverse cylinder 21; the first power unit directly provides power to the first control unit, the second power unit directly provides power to the third and fifth control units, and the third power unit directly provides power to the fourth control unit. The first, second and third power units are interconnected, and the power of the second control unit is dynamically regulated by opening and closing the first, second and third valves.

[0066] like Figure 4 As shown, the forming machine in this embodiment also includes a control system, which mainly includes eight control modules, namely, a first slider, a second slider, a third slider, a fourth slider, a fifth slider, a turntable, a first slider-second slider-third slider linkage, and a fourth slider-fifth slider linkage, as well as two display modules, namely, a load curve and a motion curve.

[0067] Among them, the control forms of the eight control modules include displacement control and force control; the first slider, second slider, third slider, fourth slider, fifth slider and turntable module can act individually or in combination; the first slider-second slider-third slider linkage module can realize the simultaneous synchronous action of the three; the fourth slider-fifth slider linkage module can realize the simultaneous synchronous action of the two; the control mode is closed-loop control.

[0068] The load curve and motion curve display modules can display the curves in real time and store the data in the controller.

[0069] Embodiment 1: Extrusion-rotation forming method of variable cross-section pipe

[0070] like Figure 5 As shown, on the above forming machine, relevant tools are configured to realize the extrusion-rotation forming of variable cross-section pipes. The extrusion rod 30 is fixed on the first slider 3, the center rod 31 is fixed on the second slider 4, the extrusion cylinder 32 is fixed on the third slider 5, and the top rod 33 is fixed on the turntable 6. Figure 6 As shown, the main steps of extrusion-rotation forming of variable cross-section pipes are as follows:

[0071] S 1 Preheat the extrusion cylinder 32, the extrusion rod 30, the center rod 31, and the ejector rod 33;

[0072] S 2 . The blank 34 is heated to a temperature above 20% of the melting point of the material and placed in the extrusion barrel 32;

[0073] S 3 .like Figure 6As shown in (a), the position of the extrusion tool is adjusted so that the extrusion rod 30 is located at the left end of the billet, the center rod 31 is located inside the billet, and the ejector rod 33 is located at the right end of the billet;

[0074] S 4 .like Figure 6 As shown in (b), when the center rod and the ejector rod are at the 001 position, the ejector rod begins to rotate at a speed n as the turntable rotates, and the extrusion rod and the extrusion cylinder rotate at speeds v 1 and v 2 The material starts to move rightward at a speed of , and the material undergoes plastic deformation under the coupling of the positive pressure and the rotational shear force, forming an extrusion 35;

[0075] S 5 .like Figure 6 As shown in (c), when the extrusion rod and the extrusion cylinder move to a certain position, the center rod moves at v 3 The extrusion part starts to move to the right at a speed of , and the position between the center rod and the top rod changes, as shown in the position 002, and the cross section of the extrusion part changes;

[0076] S 6 .like Figure 6 As shown in (d), the center rod moves to the position shown in 003 and then stops. The extrusion rod and the extrusion cylinder are still at v 1 and v 2 The extrusion starts to move to the right at a speed of , and the cross section of the extrusion does not change;

[0077] S 7 .like Figure 6 As shown in (e), when the extrusion rod and the extrusion cylinder move to a certain position, the center rod moves at v 3 The extrusion part starts to move in the opposite direction to the left at a speed of , and the position between the center rod and the top rod changes, as shown in the position 004, and the cross section of the extrusion part changes;

[0078] S 8 .like Figure 6 As shown in (f), the center rod moves to the position shown in 005 and then stops. The extrusion rod and the extrusion cylinder are still at v 1 and v 2 The extrusion starts to move to the right at a speed of , and the cross section of the extrusion does not change;

[0079] S 9 When the billet is extruded to a certain length, the extrusion rod, extrusion cylinder and center rod all move to the left and separate from the billet, and the top rod stops rotating, thus obtaining the following Figure 6 (f) The variable cross-section pipe 35.

[0080] Embodiment 2: Extrusion-spinning method for forming a double-layer variable-section cup-shaped part

[0081] right Figure 5 The structure of the extrusion cylinder 32 and the ejector rod 33 shown in FIG. 3 is designed, and the structure of the ejector rod 33 after the design is as follows Figure 7 As shown, the wall thickness is reduced, the end is pointed, and the outer wall diameter of the push rod 33 is smaller than the inner wall diameter of the extrusion cylinder 32, and an annular gap is formed between the two; the inner wall diameter of the push rod 33 is larger than the outer diameter of the center rod 31; so that the push rod 33 can be inserted into the blank 34; the inner diameter of one end of the extrusion cylinder 32 is increased and tapered. In this embodiment, the relative positions of the center rod, the extrusion cylinder and the push rod can be controlled to form a double-layer variable-section cup-shaped component. The main forming steps are as follows:

[0082] S 1 .Preheat the extrusion cylinder, extrusion rod, center rod and ejector rod;

[0083] S 2 . The blank 34 is heated to a temperature above 20% of the melting point of the material and placed in the extrusion barrel;

[0084] S 3 .like Figure 7 As shown in (a), the position of the extrusion tool is adjusted so that the extrusion rod is located at the left end of the billet, the center rod is located inside the billet, and the ejector rod is located at the right end of the billet;

[0085] S 4 .like Figure 7 As shown in (b), the ejector pin starts to rotate at a speed n as the turntable rotates, and the extrusion rod rotates at a speed v 1 The material starts to move rightward at a speed of , and the material undergoes plastic deformation under the coupling effect of the positive pressure and the rotational shear force, forming a double-layer extrusion part 35;

[0086] S 5 .like Figure 7 As shown in (c) and (d) in the figure, while the ejector pin is rotating, by controlling the movement direction, movement speed and relative position of the center rod, extrusion cylinder and ejector pin, a cross-section change can be obtained. Figure 7 The double-layer variable cross-section cup-shaped member 35 shown in (d) in the figure, v 1 is the moving speed of the extrusion rod, v 3 is the moving speed of the center rod, v 2 is the moving speed of the extrusion cylinder.

[0087] Embodiment 3: Extrusion-forging-rotation integrated forming method for complex components with inner and outer ring ribs

[0088] like Figure 8As shown, the center rod 31 is located at the horizontal center axis of the forming machine and is connected to the second slider; the extrusion rod 30 is a split structure, located on both sides of the center rod, and is connected to the first slider; the first push-pull rod 36 connects the first split mold 37 to the fourth slider 13; the second push-pull rod 38 connects the second split mold 39 to the fifth slider 14; the first split mold and the second split mold are connected to the turntable 6; the third mold 40 is connected to the third slider 5. The main steps of the extrusion-forging-rotation integrated forming of complex components with inner and outer ring ribs are as follows:

[0089] S 1 . A single-layer cup-shaped extrusion 35 is obtained as a blank by the extrusion method of Example 1;

[0090] S 2 .like Figure 8 As shown in (a), the first split mold, the second split mold, the third mold, the extrusion rod, and the center rod are respectively close to the blank, so that the blank is closely attached to the first split mold, the second split mold, and the third mold;

[0091] S 3 .like Figure 8 As shown in (b), the first push-pull rod and the second push-pull rod apply thrust to the first die and the second die respectively, and at the same time, the third die moves to the right to forge a local area of ​​the blank so that the blank enters the cavity of the first die and the second die, thereby forming an outer boss in a local area of ​​the outer surface of the blank, and at the same time, the center rod moves to the right, and the thrust of the wedge structure causes the split extrusion rod to move radially, thereby forming an inner boss in a local area of ​​the inner surface of the blank;

[0092] S 4 .like Figure 8 As shown in (c) in the figure, the center rod moves to the left, the third die moves to the left and is separated from the blank, and the extrusion rod moves to the center position through the thrust of the conical structure of the third die, so that the extrusion rod and the blank are separated, and at the same time, the first push-pull rod and the second push-pull rod are separated from the first split die and the second split die. After that, the turntable drives the first split die, the second split die and the blank to rotate together by a certain angle, and repeats S 3 step;

[0093] S 5 Repeat S 3 and S 4 Steps, until the ring ribs on the inner and outer surfaces of the blank are fully formed;

[0094] S 6。 like Figure 8 As shown in (d), using S 4The described method enables the third mold and the extrusion rod to be separated from the formed component respectively, while the first push-pull rod and the second push-pull rod respectively open the first split mold and the second split mold to separate them from the formed component, and finally obtain a complex component with outer ring ribs 006 and inner ring ribs 007.

[0095] The extrusion-forging-spinning integrated forming machine with a special configuration, a control system and a hydraulic system and the extrusion-forging-spinning forming using the device have the following beneficial effects:

[0096] (1) Through the organic combination and orderly control of six-degree-of-freedom motion, and in conjunction with corresponding extrusion dies and tools, complex components with variable cross-section hollow thin walls and internal and external ring ribs can be formed and manufactured, realizing the organic combination of the advantages of extrusion, forging, spinning and other technologies, and significantly shortening the process flow;

[0097] (2) The combination of rotational motion and linear motion causes the material to produce strong shear and severe plastic deformation during the deformation process, which helps to refine and uniformly improve the microstructure of the component and achieve the effect of strengthening and toughening;

[0098] (3) The through-hole can regulate the extrusion speed and rotation speed, which can effectively regulate the micro-texture of the component, so that the performance of the component in the extrusion direction and the direction perpendicular to the extrusion is similar, thereby eliminating anisotropy, or making the circumferential performance of the component better than the axial performance, which is beneficial to the subsequent bulging processing of the component.

[0099] (4) Through the organic combination of multiple linear motions and rotational motions, local loading and progressive forming can be achieved, so that the forming load can be reduced to 1 / 3 of the traditional forming process, achieving small to large.

Claims

1. A six-degree-of-freedom extrusion-forging-rotation integrated forming machine, comprising a frame, a first fixed beam is arranged at one end of the frame along the length direction of the frame, a second fixed beam is arranged at the other end of the frame, a first slider and a third slider are arranged between the first fixed beam and the second fixed beam; and the second slider is nested in the first slider; The first slider and the second slider are located on one side of the first fixed beam; the third slider is located between the first slider and the second fixed beam; the first slider and the third slider are arranged on the first group of guide rails, and the third fixed beam and the fourth fixed beam are arranged between the third slider and the second fixed beam along the width direction of the frame, and the third fixed beam and the fourth fixed beam are respectively located on both sides of the width direction, and the fourth slider and the fifth slider are arranged between the third fixed beam and the fourth fixed beam, and the fourth slider and the fifth slider are arranged on the second group of guide rails; a turntable is arranged on the inner side of the second fixed beam, and the turntable is located between the fourth slider, the fifth slider and the second fixed beam; the first slider is driven by the first driving device, and the second slider is driven by the second driving device, and the second slider can pass through the first slider under the drive of the second driving device; The third slider is driven by a third driving device; The fourth slider is driven by a fourth driving device, the fifth slider is driven by a fifth driving device, and the turntable is driven by a sixth driving device.

2. The six-degree-of-freedom extrusion-forging-spinning integrated forming machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A discharging hole is arranged at the center of the turntable.

3. The six-degree-of-freedom extrusion-forging-spinning integrated forming machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a first group of load-bearing columns, which are connected to the first fixed beam, the second fixed beam, the first sliding block, and the third sliding block.

4. The six-degree-of-freedom extrusion-forging-spinning integrated forming machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a second group of load-bearing columns, which are connected to the third fixed beam, the fourth fixed beam, the fourth sliding block, and the fifth sliding block.

5. The six-degree-of-freedom extrusion-forging-spinning integrated forming machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The turntable is driven by a motor and a reducer. The motor is located above the second fixed beam. The motor is connected to the reducer. The reducer is connected to the turntable. The reducer drives the turntable to rotate.

6. The six-degree-of-freedom extrusion-forging-spinning integrated forming machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first driving device is two first master cylinders and a second master cylinder arranged in parallel, the second driving device is a central cylinder, and the central cylinder is located between the first master cylinder and the second master cylinder, the third driving device is two first reverse cylinders and a second reverse cylinder arranged in parallel, the fourth driving device is a first side cylinder, and the fifth driving device is a second side cylinder.

7. The six-degree-of-freedom extrusion-forging-spinning integrated forming machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first control unit is connected to the central cylinder, the second control unit is connected to the first master cylinder and the second master cylinder, the third control unit is connected to the second side cylinder, the fourth control unit is connected to the first side cylinder, and the fifth control unit is connected to the first reverse cylinder and the second reverse cylinder; the first power unit directly provides power to the first control unit, the second power unit directly provides power to the third and fifth control units, and the third power unit directly provides power to the fourth control unit. The first, second and third power units are interconnected, and the power of the second control unit is dynamically regulated by opening and closing the first, second and third valves.

8. The six-degree-of-freedom extrusion-forging-spinning integrated forming machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The forming machine also includes a control system, which includes eight control modules: a first slider, a second slider, a third slider, a fourth slider, a fifth slider, a turntable, a first slider-second slider-third slider linkage, and a fourth slider-fifth slider linkage, as well as two display modules: a load curve and a motion curve.

9. The six-degree-of-freedom extrusion-forging-spinning integrated forming machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: The control forms of the eight control modules include displacement control and force control; the control modules of the first slider, the second slider, the third slider, the fourth slider, the fifth slider and the turntable can act individually or in combination; the control module of the first slider-the second slider-the third slider linkage can realize the simultaneous synchronous action of the three; the control module of the fourth slider-the fifth slider linkage can realize the simultaneous synchronous action of the two; the control mode is closed-loop control; the two display modules of the load curve and the motion curve can display the curve in real time and store the data in the controller.

10. An extrusion-forging-spinning integrated forming method, using the forming machine according to any one of claims 1 to 8 to perform extrusion-forging-spinning integrated forming, comprising the following steps: The first step is to preheat the blank and the die and extrusion tool in contact with the blank, wherein the preheating temperature of the blank is not less than 20% of the melting point of the material; In the second step, the first slider, the second slider and the third slider make linear motion toward the direction of the turntable, and the fourth slider and the fifth slider make linear motion toward the central axis position in the longitudinal direction of the forming machine; In the third step, during the linear motion of the second step, before the extrusion tool and die contact the billet, the turntable begins to produce a continuous rotational motion; Alternatively, in the linear motion of the second step, after the extrusion tool and the die contact the blank and cause a certain plastic deformation in a local area of ​​the blank, the first slider, the second slider, the third slider, the fourth slider, and the fifth slider generate reverse linear motion, so that the extrusion tool and the die are separated from the blank, and the turntable generates rotational motion and rotates to a set rotation angle, and then the second and third steps are repeated; In the fourth step, the first slider, the second slider, the third slider, the fourth slider and the fifth slider produce a linear motion opposite to that in the second step, so that the extrusion tool and the die are separated from the blank.

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