Laser cutting and welding integrated forming method and system based on three-dimensional digitized design

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of laser processing, and particularly relates to a laser cutting and welding integrated forming method and system based on three-dimensional digital design; comprising the following steps: S1, customer drawing auditing and checking; S2, issuing drawing and bill of materials (BOM) table; S3, laser cutting blanking; S4, sheet metal bending; S5, welding; S6, polishing; S7, quality inspection; S8, spraying and finished product assembly; S9, factory inspection and delivery; the present application takes the temperature of the laser cutting point as a weighted value, balances the temperature point, reduces the deviation of the balanced temperature point from the geometric center as much as possible, and cuts the other side when deviating, so that the temperature of the lower connecting plate can be balanced, and the warping caused by high temperature due to one-sided concentrated cutting can be avoided, and the blanking precision is further affected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser processing technology, and specifically to a laser cutting and welding integrated forming method and system based on three-dimensional digital design. Background Technology

[0002] Laser cutting and welding integrated forming is an advanced manufacturing process that combines laser cutting and laser welding technologies. It integrates these two laser processing technologies into a single production process or equipment, aiming to improve production efficiency and processing precision. It is commonly used in the automotive, aerospace, electronics, and other fields requiring high-precision and high-efficiency processing. It is suitable for manufacturing complex structural parts and components, enabling greater production flexibility and product consistency. The main technical branches of laser cutting and welding integrated forming technology include:

[0003] (1) Laser cutting: Laser cutting technology uses a high-intensity laser beam to cut materials, and is generally applicable to a variety of materials such as metals, plastics, and glass. It has the advantages of high precision, good edge quality and flexible processing capabilities.

[0004] (2) Laser welding: Laser welding is a technology that uses a laser beam as a heat source to melt and join metal materials. It has high welding speed, good weld quality and small heat-affected zone, and is suitable for precision welding and welding of complex structures.

[0005] (3) Integrated molding: Integrating cutting and welding functions into one system enables the cutting and welding of materials in a continuous process, reducing the time for material handling and processing, and improving production efficiency.

[0006] 3D digital design is the process of creating and processing 3D models using computer technology. It is widely used in engineering, architecture, product design, entertainment and other fields. The advantages of laser cutting and welding integrated technology based on 3D digital design mainly include: (1) improved efficiency: reducing the conversion time between multiple processes; (2) improved accuracy: reducing processing errors through an integrated control system; (3) reduced costs: reducing manual intervention and material waste; (4) improved product quality: due to the high precision and good repeatability of laser processing, the quality of the final product can be improved. In general, laser cutting and welding integrated forming technology provides a more efficient and accurate manufacturing solution by integrating cutting and welding functions into one system. However, the existing technology still has the following problems:

[0007] Existing technologies typically perform laser cutting continuously along a cutting trajectory, which can lead to significant warping due to uneven heating of the sheet material. Some existing technologies have addressed the warping issue caused by uneven heating by using discrete trajectories for cutting on both sides and then cutting on the opposite side. However, these are merely conceptual ideas without providing quantitative control algorithms. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the above problems, the present invention aims to propose a laser cutting and welding integrated forming method based on three-dimensional digital design, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1. Customer drawing review and verification;

[0010] S2. Drawings and Bill of Materials (BOM) are issued;

[0011] S3. Laser cutting blanking: The CNC laser cutting head performs laser cutting on the blank material according to the blanking drawing and based on the temperature equalization control algorithm to obtain the blanking plate;

[0012] The temperature equalization control algorithm specifically includes:

[0013] S31. Based on the shape, size, and thickness of the blank plate and the shape, size, and thickness of the blanking plate, establish a three-dimensional model for laser cutting and the trajectory path of the laser cutting head;

[0014] S32. Determine the geometric center of the blanking plate: Discretize the laser cutting head trajectory path and calculate the geometric center of the blanking plate based on the coordinates of the discrete points;

[0015] S33. Determine the temperature function at the laser cutting point: Measure the initial temperature and ambient temperature at the laser cutting point to determine the temperature function at the laser cutting point.

[0016] S34. Calculate the coordinates of the temperature equilibrium point: Perform laser cutting on the discretized laser cutting head trajectory path. For the points that have already been cut, calculate the coordinates of the temperature equilibrium point with their current temperature as the weight.

[0017] S35. Calculate the offset direction and offset amount of the temperature equilibrium point relative to the geometric center; calculate the temperature deviation vector.

[0018] S36. Compensated laser cutting: Based on the calculated offset direction and offset amount of the temperature equilibrium point relative to the geometric center, laser cutting is performed on the other side of the temperature equilibrium point offset from the geometric center until the cutting is completed.

[0019] S4. Sheet metal bending: Continuously bend and shape the laser-cut blanks according to the drawings, and inspect the dimensions.

[0020] S5. Welding: Assemble and weld according to the assembly drawings, perform argon arc spot welding, and inspect dimensions; use. The welding machine must be reinforced, and there must be no incomplete welds, false welds, or cracks. The dimensions must also be inspected.

[0021] S6. Grinding: Inspect whether the welded parts are firmly welded, grind the welded parts and smooth out the texture;

[0022] S7. Quality Inspection: Inspect dimensional deviations, whether the welding is firm, and whether the grinding is smooth, flat, and free of burrs;

[0023] S8. Spraying and assembly of finished products: Spraying the specified color according to customer requirements and assembling the product;

[0024] S9. Factory Inspection and Delivery: Check the product dimensions and specifications, check for scratches on the outside, and deliver the product to the customer after passing the inspection.

[0025] Furthermore, the trajectory path of the laser cutting head is represented by a Bézier curve, satisfying the following:

[0026]

[0027] in, Represents Bézier curves Coordinate parameters of each control point; This represents the control parameters of the Bézier curve.

[0028] Furthermore, step S32 specifically includes:

[0029] S321. The laser cutting head trajectory path is set according to the preset spacing. Discretized into Section, obtained A set of reference points. ;

[0030] S322, Calculate the set of reference points The arithmetic mean is used as the coordinate of the geometric center. ,satisfy:

[0031]

[0032] in, Indicates the sequence number is Reference point, and They represent the first The reference point has X-axis and Y-axis coordinates in the XOY coordinate system of the billet / plate.

[0033] Furthermore, in step S33, the temperature function of the laser cutting point satisfies:

[0034]

[0035] in, This indicates the initial temperature at which the laser cutting point is just cut; Indicates ambient temperature; Indicates the laser cutting point at time [time]. The current temperature at that time; It is a natural constant; It is the cooling constant;

[0036] Furthermore, in step S33, the cooling constant... The results were obtained through preliminary tests on the scrap area of ​​the blank sheet; the preliminary tests met the following conditions: the cooling constant was calculated using a test point in the scrap area cut with a laser, according to the following formula. :

[0037]

[0038] The letters represent: ambient temperature. , Temperature at the test point at any given time and Temperature at the test point at any given time .

[0039] Furthermore, the cooling constant The arithmetic mean of the cooling constants calculated from multiple prior experiments is obtained, or, the cooling constant... The expected value of the normal distribution is obtained by calculating the cooling constant obtained from multiple preliminary experiments.

[0040] Furthermore, in step S34, the coordinates of the temperature equilibrium point... satisfy:

[0041]

[0042]

[0043] in, Indicates the sequence number is The cut point at the current moment temperature, and These represent the time when the cutting was completed and the cooling time at that point, respectively. and They represent the serial numbers respectively. The X-axis and Y-axis coordinates of the cut points on the XOY coordinate system of the blank plate. This represents the number of points that have been cut.

[0044] Furthermore, in step S35, the temperature deviation vector satisfy:

[0045]

[0046] Temperature deviation vector vector length ,satisfy:

[0047] .

[0048] Furthermore, step S36 specifically includes:

[0049] S361, Based on the temperature deviation vector Calculate the reverse compensation vector ,satisfy:

[0050]

[0051] S362, Based on reverse compensation vector Calculate the reverse compensation equilibrium point with the geometric center. ,satisfy:

[0052]

[0053] S363. Using the geometric center as the reference point, along the reverse compensation vector... Identify the reverse discrete points on the discretized laser cutting head trajectory path; if a reverse discrete point exists, perform laser cutting at the reverse discrete point; if no reverse discrete point exists, stop cutting and wait for the cut points to cool down so that the temperature equilibrium point falls back to the permissible range.

[0054] This invention also provides a laser cutting and welding integrated forming system based on three-dimensional digital design, used to execute the laser cutting and welding integrated forming method based on three-dimensional digital design, including: drawing review, laser cutting blanking unit, bending unit, welding unit, grinding unit, and quality inspection unit; wherein, the laser cutting blanking unit includes a laser cutting module and a control module; the control module controls the laser cutting module based on a temperature equalization control algorithm to complete the laser cutting.

[0055] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0056] Compared to existing continuous laser cutting techniques, this invention uses the temperature of the laser cutting point as a weighting value to achieve a balanced temperature point. This minimizes the deviation of the balanced temperature point from the geometric center, and cuts are performed on the other side when deviation occurs. This ensures a balanced temperature of the downstream sheet material and avoids warping caused by excessively high temperatures due to concentrated cutting on one side, which would affect the cutting accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0057] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0058] To enhance understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. These embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] Example 1

[0060] according to Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a laser cutting and welding integrated forming method based on three-dimensional digital design, including the following steps:

[0061] S1. Customer drawing review and verification;

[0062] S2. Drawings and Bill of Materials (BOM) are issued;

[0063] S3. Laser cutting blanking: The CNC laser cutting head performs laser cutting of the blank material according to the blanking drawing and based on the temperature equalization control algorithm to obtain the blanked plate;

[0064] The temperature equalization control algorithm specifically includes:

[0065] S31. Based on the shape, size, and thickness of the blank plate and the shape, size, and thickness of the blanking plate, establish a three-dimensional model for laser cutting and the trajectory path of the laser cutting head;

[0066] The trajectory path of the laser cutting head is represented by a Bézier curve, satisfying the following:

[0067]

[0068] in, Represents Bézier curves Coordinate parameters of each control point; This represents the control parameters of the Bézier curve;

[0069] S32. Determine the geometric center of the blanking plate: Discretize the laser cutting head trajectory path and calculate the geometric center of the blanking plate based on the coordinates of the discrete points; specifically including:

[0070] S321. The laser cutting head trajectory path is set according to the preset spacing. Discretized into Section, obtained A set of reference points. ;

[0071] S322, Calculate the set of reference points The arithmetic mean is used as the coordinate of the geometric center. ,satisfy:

[0072]

[0073] in, Indicates the sequence number is Reference point, and They represent the first The reference point has X-axis and Y-axis coordinates in the XOY coordinate system of the billet / plate.

[0074] S33. Determine the temperature function at the laser cutting point: Measure the initial temperature and ambient temperature at the laser cutting point, and determine the temperature function at the laser cutting point, satisfying the following:

[0075]

[0076] in, This indicates the initial temperature at which the laser cutting point is just cut; Indicates ambient temperature; Indicates the laser cutting point at time [time]. The current temperature at that time; It is a natural constant; It is the cooling constant;

[0077] Cooling constant The results were obtained through preliminary tests conducted in the scrap area of ​​the billet sheet; the preliminary tests met the following requirements:

[0078] At a test point in the area where laser-cut scrap material was used, the ambient temperature was recorded. , Temperature at the test point at any given time and Temperature at the test point at any given time Calculate the cooling constant using the following formula. :

[0079]

[0080] Furthermore, the cooling constant The arithmetic mean of the cooling constants calculated from multiple prior experiments is obtained.

[0081] Furthermore, the cooling constant The expected value of the normal distribution of the cooling constant obtained from multiple preliminary experiments is obtained.

[0082] S34. Calculate the coordinates of the temperature equilibrium point: Perform laser cutting on the discretized laser cutting head trajectory path. For points that have already been cut, calculate the coordinates of the temperature equilibrium point using their current temperature as the weight. ,satisfy:

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] in, Indicates the sequence number is The cut point at the current moment temperature, and The distribution represents the time when the cutting was completed and the cooling time at that point;

[0086] S35. Calculate the offset direction and amount of the temperature equilibrium point relative to the geometric center; calculate the temperature deviation vector. ,satisfy:

[0087] In step S35, the temperature deviation vector satisfy:

[0088]

[0089] Temperature deviation vector vector length ,satisfy:

[0090] .

[0091] S36. Compensated Laser Cutting: Based on the calculated offset direction and amount of the temperature equilibrium point relative to the geometric center, laser cutting is performed on the other side of the offset of the temperature equilibrium point relative to the geometric center; specifically including:

[0092] S361, Based on the temperature deviation vector Calculate the reverse compensation vector ,satisfy:

[0093]

[0094] S362, Based on reverse compensation vector Calculate the reverse compensation equilibrium point with the geometric center. ,satisfy:

[0095]

[0096] S363. Using the geometric center as the reference point, along the reverse compensation vector... Determine the reverse discrete point on the discretized laser cutting head trajectory path; if a reverse discrete point exists, perform laser cutting at the reverse discrete point; if no reverse discrete point exists, stop cutting and wait for the cut point to cool down so that the temperature equilibrium point falls back to the permissible range.

[0097] S4. Sheet metal bending: Continuously bend and shape the laser-cut blanks according to the drawings, and inspect the dimensions.

[0098] S5. Welding: Assemble and weld according to the assembly drawings, perform argon arc spot welding, and inspect dimensions; use. The welding machine must be reinforced, and there must be no incomplete welds, false welds, or cracks. The dimensions must also be inspected.

[0099] S6. Grinding: Inspect whether the welded parts are firmly welded, grind the welded parts and smooth out the texture;

[0100] S7. Quality Inspection: Inspect dimensional deviations, whether the welding is firm, and whether the grinding is smooth, flat, and free of burrs;

[0101] S8. Spraying and assembly of finished products: Spraying the specified color according to customer requirements and assembling the product;

[0102] S9. Factory Inspection and Delivery: Check product dimensions and specifications, inspect for scratches on the exterior, and deliver to the customer after passing inspection. Specific Example 2

[0103] A high-speed rail raw image processing system based on edge filtering under low visibility conditions is used to implement the aforementioned high-speed rail raw image processing method based on edge filtering under low visibility conditions. The system is characterized by comprising a camera device, a data bus, a central memory, and a central processing unit; the camera device includes at least one visible light camera C1 and one long-wavelength camera C2; the central memory is used to store data from the raw database.

[0104] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A laser cutting and welding integrated forming method based on three-dimensional digital design, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Customer drawing review and verification; S2. Drawings and Bill of Materials (BOM) are issued; S3. Laser cutting blanking: The CNC laser cutting head performs laser cutting on the blank material according to the blanking drawing and based on the temperature equalization control algorithm to obtain the blanking plate; The temperature equalization control algorithm specifically includes: S31. Based on the shape, size, and thickness of the blank plate and the shape, size, and thickness of the blanking plate, establish a three-dimensional model for laser cutting and the trajectory path of the laser cutting head; S32. Determine the geometric center of the blanking plate: Discretize the laser cutting head trajectory path and calculate the geometric center of the blanking plate based on the coordinates of the discrete points; specifically including: S321. The laser cutting head trajectory path is set according to the preset spacing. Discretized into Section, obtained A set of reference points. ; S322, Calculate the set of reference points The arithmetic mean is used as the coordinate of the geometric center. ,satisfy: in, Indicates the sequence number is Reference point, and They represent the first The X-axis and Y-axis coordinates of each reference point in the XOY coordinate system of the billet / plate; S33. Determine the temperature function of the laser cutting point: Measure the initial temperature and ambient temperature of the laser cutting point to determine the temperature function of the laser cutting point; S34. Calculate the coordinates of the temperature equilibrium point: Perform laser cutting on the discretized laser cutting head trajectory path. For points that have already been cut, calculate the coordinates of the temperature equilibrium point using their current temperature as the weight. ; The coordinates of the temperature equilibrium point satisfy: in, Indicates the sequence number is The cut point at the current moment temperature, and These represent the time when the cutting was completed and the cooling time at that point, respectively. and They represent the serial numbers respectively. The X-axis and Y-axis coordinates of the cut points on the XOY coordinate system of the blank plate. This represents the number of cut points. S35. Calculate the offset direction and amount of the temperature equilibrium point relative to the geometric center; calculate the temperature deviation vector. S36, Compensated Laser Cutting: S361, Based on the temperature deviation vector Calculate the reverse compensation vector ,satisfy: S362, Based on reverse compensation vector Calculate the reverse compensation equilibrium point with the geometric center. ,satisfy: in, and Reverse compensation equilibrium point The X-axis and Y-axis coordinates of the billet / plate in the XOY coordinate system; S363. Using the geometric center as the reference point, along the reverse compensation vector... Determine the reverse discrete points existing on the discretized laser cutting head trajectory path; If a reverse discrete point exists, laser cutting is performed at the reverse discrete point; if no reverse discrete point exists, cutting is stopped. Wait for the cut point to cool down so that the temperature equilibrium point falls back to the permissible range; S4. Sheet metal bending: Continuously bend and shape the laser-cut blanks according to the drawings, and inspect the dimensions. S5. Welding: Assemble and weld according to the assembly drawings, perform argon arc spot welding, and inspect dimensions; use. The welding machine must be reinforced, and there must be no incomplete welds, false welds, or cracks. The dimensions must also be inspected. S6. Grinding: Inspect whether the welded parts are firmly welded, grind the welded parts and smooth out the texture; S7. Quality Inspection: Inspect dimensional deviations, whether the welding is firm, and whether the grinding is smooth, flat, and free of burrs; S8. Spraying and assembly of finished products: Spraying the specified color according to customer requirements and assembling the product; S9. Factory Inspection and Delivery: Check the product dimensions and specifications, check for scratches on the outside, and deliver the product to the customer after passing the inspection.

2. The laser cutting and welding integrated forming method based on three-dimensional digital design according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trajectory path of the laser cutting head is represented by a Bézier curve, satisfying the following: in, Represents Bézier curves Coordinate parameters of each control point; This represents the control parameters of the Bézier curve.

3. The laser cutting and welding integrated forming method based on three-dimensional digital design according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S33, the temperature function of the laser cutting point satisfies: in, This indicates the initial temperature at which the laser cutting point is just cut; Indicates ambient temperature; Indicates the laser cutting point at time [time]. The current temperature at that time; It is a natural constant; This is the cooling constant.

4. The laser cutting and welding integrated forming method based on three-dimensional digital design according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S33, the cooling constant The results were obtained through preliminary tests on the scrap area of ​​the blank sheet; the preliminary tests met the following conditions: the cooling constant was calculated using a test point in the scrap area cut with a laser, according to the following formula. : The letters represent: ambient temperature. , Temperature at the test point at any given time and Temperature at the test point at any given time .

5. The laser cutting and welding integrated forming method based on three-dimensional digital design according to claim 4, characterized in that: Cooling constant The arithmetic mean of the cooling constants calculated from multiple prior experiments is obtained, or, the cooling constant... The expected value of the normal distribution is obtained by calculating the cooling constant obtained from multiple preliminary experiments.

6. The laser cutting and welding integrated forming method based on three-dimensional digital design according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S35, the temperature deviation vector satisfy: Temperature deviation vector vector length ,satisfy: 。 7. A laser cutting and welding integrated forming system based on three-dimensional digital design, used to perform the laser cutting and welding integrated forming method based on three-dimensional digital design as described in any one of claims 1-6. Its characteristics are: It includes: drawing review, laser cutting and blanking unit, bending unit, welding unit, grinding unit, and quality inspection unit; wherein, the laser cutting and blanking unit includes a laser cutting module and a control module; the control module controls the laser cutting module based on a temperature equalization control algorithm to complete the laser cutting.

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