An arch dam teaching model experiment system

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of teaching models, and discloses an arch dam teaching model experiment system, which comprises an arch dam physical model, a water load and temperature load simulation system, a self-weight load simulation system, a measuring system, a virtual-real interaction system and a remote multi-stage operation management system. The remote multi-stage operation management system is connected with the water load and temperature load simulation system, the self-weight load simulation system and the measuring system through electric signals. The virtual-real interaction system is connected with the measuring system. The virtual-real interaction system receives data of the measuring system to realize dynamic change of the arch dam physical model. The measuring system is used for measuring the arch dam physical model, the self-weight load simulation system and the water load and temperature load simulation system. The application can be implemented on site or remotely. If remote teaching is carried out, all experimental data are stored in the cloud according to grouping, so that students can download the data at any time after class and complete subsequent course homework.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an experimental system for teaching models of arch dams, belonging to the field of teaching model technology. Background Technology

[0002] An arch dam is a water-retaining structure that convexes upstream in plan, transferring all or part of the water pressure to the bedrock on both sides of the river valley through the action of the arch. Compared with gravity dams, the stability of the dam body under water pressure does not rely on its own weight, but mainly on the reaction force of the bedrock at the arch ends for support. The arch cross-section mainly bears axial reaction force, making full use of the strength of the dam construction materials. Therefore, it is a dam type with excellent economic efficiency and safety.

[0003] Arch dams (especially hyperbolic arch dams) have complex structural forms and are statically indeterminate structures. They possess characteristics of both arches and beams and are subjected to loads including their own weight, water pressure, uplift pressure, and temperature loads. Therefore, the stress state of the structure is difficult to understand, making it a challenging point in the courses for undergraduate students majoring in hydraulic engineering. However, as arch dams are the main water-retaining structures, the relevant theoretical knowledge must be mastered. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct teaching based on arch dam models.

[0004] A review of the literature revealed two arch dam model patents: CN202211616434.5, which discloses a teaching demonstration model of an arch dam, and CN2023201913959.9, which discloses a teaching demonstration model of an arch dam using airbags to reflect water pressure. Both of these arch dam model patents are demonstration-type teaching models, primarily designed to vividly demonstrate the load distribution and deformation of the arch beams under load. Therefore, they employ exaggerated forms to showcase deformations invisible to the naked eye, falling under the category of teaching sand tables. Consequently, they are unsuitable for quantitative course teaching and do not meet the experimental teaching requirements for undergraduate students in water conservancy engineering, although they can be used as part of the introductory learning content.

[0005] In summary, a teaching model needs to be designed for arch dams (especially hyperbolic arch dams) that meets the following requirements: 1) The model must strictly satisfy the similarity law to derive the prototype from experimental results; 2) It should be able to simulate self-weight loads, water loads, temperature loads, etc., and these simulation methods should be automated; 3) The measurement system should be able to measure loads such as force, displacement, and strain; 4) It should have digital twin and virtual-real interaction functions to meet the learning needs of students majoring in smart water conservancy; 5) It should have a convenient teaching management system platform that can realize far-field operation, near-field operation, and cloud data storage to meet the teaching needs of multiple scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an experimental system for teaching arch dam models, which can be implemented on-site or remotely. All experimental data is stored in the cloud according to groups, making it convenient for students to download and complete subsequent course assignments at any time after class.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives / to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is implemented using the following technical solution.

[0008] This invention provides an arch dam teaching model experimental system, including an arch dam physical model, a water load and temperature load simulation system, a self-weight load simulation system, a measurement system, a virtual-real interaction system, and a remote multi-level operation management system. The remote multi-level operation and management system is connected to the water load and temperature load simulation system, the self-weight load simulation system, and the measurement system via electrical signals. It is used to remotely load the experimental parameters of the water load and temperature load simulation system and the self-weight load simulation system, issue loading and data acquisition commands to the measurement system, download the experimental data collected by the measurement system to the cloud, and group the experimental data collected by the measurement system. The virtual-real interaction system is connected to the measurement system, and the virtual-real interaction system receives the experimental data collected and grouped by the measurement system to construct a dynamically changing physical model of the arch dam. The measurement system is used to measure the strain and displacement of the physical model of the arch dam, the weight of the self-weight load simulation system, and the oil pressure of the water load and temperature load simulation system. The water load and temperature load simulation system and the self-weight load simulation system are installed at the bottom of the arch dam physical model to set the experimental environment parameters of the arch dam physical model.

[0009] Optionally, the remote multi-level operation management system includes a multimedia system, a user terminal, and a server terminal. The multimedia system is used to realize information transmission between the user terminal, the server terminal, the water load and temperature load simulation system, the self-weight load simulation system, and the measurement system. The user terminal sends instructions to the temperature load simulation system, the self-weight load simulation system, and the measurement system, which are then confirmed by the server terminal.

[0010] Optionally, the physical model of the arch dam includes the dam body, the arch abutment, and the bottom loading equipment room. The bottom loading equipment room houses the water load and temperature load simulation system and the self-weight load simulation system. The dam body is installed on the arch abutment, and the similarity constant of the dam body satisfies the following formula: in, Let be the geometric similarity constant. Let be the elastic modulus similarity constant. The constant for multiple similarity. is the strain similarity constant.

[0011] Optionally, the water load and temperature load simulation system includes a hydraulic actuator, a reaction device, a pressure stabilizing source, an oil distributor, an oil circuit, a loading pad, a steel block, a rubber pad, and a first control and communication system. The pressure stabilizing source is connected to the oil circuit, the oil circuit is connected to the oil distributor, and the output end of the oil circuit is connected to the hydraulic actuator; The hydraulic actuator is installed on the reaction device, and the other end of the hydraulic actuator is connected to the loading pad. A steel block is set between the hydraulic actuator and the loading pad. A rubber pad is installed on the loading pad. The contact surface curvature of the loading pad and the dam body is consistent. The first control and communication system is used to realize the electrical signal transmission between the water load and temperature load simulation system, the virtual-real interaction system, and the remote multi-level operation management system.

[0012] Optionally, the hydraulic actuators are arranged in layers, with each layer using a different oil distributor.

[0013] Optionally, the stiffness of the reaction device needs to satisfy the following formula: in, The stiffness of the reaction device at the elevation of the loading point of the hydraulic actuator. This is the maximum load of the water load. To represent the maximum displacement of the arch dam at elevation i, and to be more conservative, we will... Defined as the maximum displacement value of the arch dam.

[0014] Optionally, the self-weight load simulation system includes a centroid loading unit, a loading screw, a guide tube, a force sensor, a reaction force support, a stepper motor, a force transmission screw, and a second control and communication system; The reaction support is installed below the dam body. A stepper motor is installed on the side of the reaction support. A force transmission screw is installed on the reaction support. One end of the force transmission screw is connected to the stepper motor, and the other end of the force transmission screw is connected to the force sensor. The force sensor is connected to the loading screw. The loading screw passes through the conduit and connects to the centroid loading unit. The centroid loading unit is installed inside the dam body.

[0015] Optionally, the upper part of the centroidal loading unit adopts a circular loading plate, and the bottom surface of the circular loading plate is connected to a connecting sleeve with internal and external threads. The external threads are used to connect and fix with the conduit, and the internal threads are used to connect and fix with the loading screw.

[0016] Optionally, the measurement system includes a strain measurement system, a displacement measurement system, a force measurement system, and a hydraulic pressure measurement system; The strain measurement system includes a strain gauge measurement unit and a DIC full-field strain measurement unit. The strain of the dam body is measured by the strain gauge measurement unit and the DIC full-field strain measurement unit respectively, and the strain data of the dam body is obtained by combining the two sets of measurement results. The displacement measurement system includes a laser displacement measurement unit and an image displacement tracking measurement unit. The displacement of the dam body is measured by the two measurement units, and the displacement data of the dam body is obtained by combining the results of the two measurement units. The force measurement system is used to collect data from the self-weight load simulation system and to compare the self-weight load data of the self-weight load simulation system with the set values ​​of the virtual-real interaction system and the remote multi-level operation management system. The hydraulic pressure measurement system is used to collect data input from the water load and temperature load simulation system, and to compare the water load and temperature load data of the water load and temperature load simulation system with the set values ​​of the virtual-real interaction system and the remote multi-level operation management system. Once the self-weight load data, water load data, and temperature load data reach the set values, the strain data and displacement data are transmitted to the virtual-real interaction system and the remote multi-level operation management system.

[0017] Optionally, the virtual-real interaction system includes a virtual digital twin model, an interactive communication system, and a terminal display platform. The virtual digital twin model is used to receive data collected by the measurement system and obtain a dynamic change effect diagram of the arch dam physical model based on Three.js three-dimensional model trend analysis. The dynamic changes of the physical model of the arch dam are transmitted to the terminal display platform through an interactive communication system.

[0018] Optionally, the virtual-real interaction system includes a virtual digital twin model, an interactive communication system, and a terminal display platform. The virtual digital twin model receives data collected by the measurement system, performs trend analysis based on the Three.js 3D model, obtains a dynamic change effect diagram of the arch dam physical model, and finally transmits it to the terminal display platform for display through the interactive communication system.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows: 1. The water load and temperature load simulation system and the self-weight load simulation system can simulate self-weight load, water load, temperature load, etc., and through the remote multi-level operation management system, these simulation methods are automated, simplifying the way to adjust environmental load. 2. The displacement, strain and other loads of the physical model of the arch dam are measured by the measurement system, and the dynamic change effect of the physical model of the arch dam after the load changes is output through the virtual-real interaction system, so that students can observe it intuitively. 3. Through the remote multi-level operation management system, remote teaching mode and on-site teaching mode are implemented, so that students can effectively carry out experimental teaching tasks at home and meet the teaching needs of multiple scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the experimental system for teaching models of arch dams according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the physical model of the arch dam of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the water load and temperature load simulation system of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the self-weight load simulation system of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the remote teaching process for the arch dam teaching model experimental system of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the experimental system for teaching arch dams, which is used for on-site teaching.

[0021] In the picture: 1. Arch dam physical model; 2. Water load and temperature load simulation system; 3. Self-weight load simulation system; 4. Measurement system; 101. Dam body; 102. Arch seat; 103. Bottom loading equipment room; 201. Hydraulic actuator; 202. Reaction device; 203. Pressure stabilizer; 204. Oil distributor; 205. Oil circuit; 206. Loading pad; 207. Steel block; 208. Rubber pad; 209. First control and communication system; 301. Centroid loading unit; 302. Loading screw; 303. Conduit; 304. Force sensor; 305. Reaction support; 306. Stepper motor; 307. Force transmission screw. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present invention and the specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than limitations thereof. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0023] The term "and / or" simply describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone. Additionally, the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship. Example

[0024] This embodiment introduces an arch dam teaching model experimental system, such as... Figure 1As shown, the system includes an arch dam physical model 1, a water load and temperature load simulation system 2, a self-weight load simulation system 3, a measurement system 4, a virtual-real interaction system, and a remote multi-level operation management system. The remote multi-level operation management system is connected to the water load and temperature load simulation system 2, the self-weight load simulation system 3, and the measurement system 4 via electrical signals. It is used to remotely load experimental parameters from the water load and temperature load simulation system 2 and the self-weight load simulation system 3, issue loading and data acquisition commands to the measurement system 4, and download experimental data collected by the measurement system 4 from the cloud. Furthermore, the experimental data collected by the measurement system 4 is grouped, and the virtual-real interaction system is connected to the measurement system 4. The virtual-real interaction system receives the grouped experimental data collected by the measurement system 4 to construct a dynamically changing arch dam physical model 1. The measurement system 4 is used to measure the strain and displacement of the arch dam physical model 1, the weight of the self-weight load simulation system 3, and the oil pressure of the water load and temperature load simulation system 2. The water load and temperature load simulation system 2 and the self-weight load simulation system 3 are installed at the bottom of the arch dam physical model 1, and the experimental environment parameters of the arch dam physical model 1 are set.

[0025] The water load and temperature load simulation system 2 and the self-weight load simulation system 3 can simulate self-weight load, water load, temperature load, etc., and through remote multi-level operation management system control, these simulation methods are automated, simplifying the way to adjust environmental load. The displacement, strain and other loads of the arch dam physical model 1 are measured by the measurement system 4, and the dynamic change effect diagram of the arch dam physical model 1 after load change is output through the virtual-real interaction system, so that students can observe it intuitively. Through the remote multi-level operation management system, remote teaching mode and on-site teaching mode can be carried out, so that students can effectively carry out experimental teaching tasks at home and meet the needs of multi-scenario teaching.

[0026] The remote multi-level operation management system includes a multimedia system, a user terminal, and a server. The multimedia system is used to realize information transmission between the user terminal, the server, the water load and temperature load simulation system 2, the self-weight load simulation system 3, and the measurement system 4. The user terminal sends instructions to the temperature load simulation system, the self-weight load simulation system 3, and the measurement system 4, which are confirmed by the server. Students input operation instructions for the measurement system 4, the water load and temperature load simulation system 2, and the self-weight load simulation system 3 into the user terminal, which are confirmed by the teacher on the server. The multimedia system can remotely manage student group information, remotely load experimental parameters, issue loading and data acquisition commands, download group experimental data from the cloud, set permissions for students and instructors, and communicate remotely online through multimedia, facilitating remote teaching and data storage.

[0027] like Figure 2As shown, the physical model 1 of the arch dam includes a dam body 101, an arch seat 102, and a bottom loading equipment room 103. The bottom loading equipment room 103 houses the water load and temperature load simulation system 2 and the self-weight load simulation system 3. The dam body 101 is installed on the arch seat 102. The similarity constant of the dam body 101 satisfies the following equation: in, Let be the geometric similarity constant. Let be the elastic modulus similarity constant. The constant for multiple similarity. is the strain similarity constant.

[0028] In this example, the prototype dam body 101 is 250m high, the concrete grade is C30, the elastic modulus is 30000 MPa, and the similarity constant is 125. The model material is a composite material, the components of which include epoxy resin, curing agent, rosin, barite powder, and iron powder. The elastic modulus of the model material is 1500 MPa, therefore = 30000 / 1500 = 20. Since the teaching model calculates and analyzes the stress state of the arch dam within the linear elastic range, it is allowed that ≠ 1. This allows for multiple choices, making it convenient for students to conduct teaching experiments in different groups. The experimental parameters and subsequent data processing are different for different groups, which is beneficial to improving the quality of teaching.

[0029] like Figure 3 As shown, the water load and temperature load simulation system 2 includes a hydraulic actuator 201, a reaction device 202, a pressure stabilizing source 203, an oil distributor 204, an oil circuit 205, a loading pad 206, a steel block 207, a rubber pad 208, and a first control and communication system 209. The pressure stabilizing source 203 is connected to the oil circuit 205, the oil distributor 204 is connected to the oil circuit 205, the output end of the oil circuit 205 is connected to the hydraulic actuator 201, the hydraulic actuator 201 is mounted on the reaction device 202, and the other end of the hydraulic actuator 201 is connected to the loading pad 206. The hydraulic actuator 201 and the loading pad... A steel block 207 is set between 206, and a rubber pad 208 is installed on the loading pad 206. The contact surface curvature of the loading pad 206 and the dam body 101 is consistent. The first control and communication system 209 is used to realize the electrical signal transmission between the water load and temperature load simulation system 2, the virtual and real interaction system, and the remote multi-level operation management system. The rubber pad 208 prevents hard contact between the loading pad 206 and the dam body 101, which serves as a protective function on the one hand and makes the force more uniform on the other. The contact surface curvature of the loading pad 206 and the dam body 101 is consistent, which meets the requirement of tight fit.

[0030] The stiffness of the reaction device 202 must satisfy the following formula: in, The stiffness of the reaction device at the elevation of the loading point of the hydraulic actuator. This is the maximum load of the water load. To represent the maximum displacement of the arch dam at elevation i, and to be more conservative, we will... Defined as the maximum displacement value of the arch dam.

[0031] The self-weight load simulation system 3 includes a centroid loading unit 301, a loading screw 302, a guide tube 303, a force sensor 304, a reaction support 305, a stepper motor 306, a force transmission screw 307, and a second control and communication system. The reaction support 305 is installed below the dam body 101. A stepper motor 306 is installed on the side of the reaction support 305. A force transmission screw 307 is installed on the reaction support 305. One end of the force transmission screw 307 is connected to the stepper motor 306, and the other end is connected to the force sensor 304. The force sensor 304 is connected to the loading screw 302. The loading screw 302 passes through the guide tube 303 and connects to the centroid loading unit 301. Centroidal loading unit 301 is installed inside the dam body 101. The upper part of the centroidal loading unit 301 adopts a circular loading plate. The bottom surface of the circular loading plate is connected to a connecting sleeve with internal and external threads. The external thread is used to connect and fix with the guide pipe 303, and the internal thread is used to connect and fix with the loading screw 302. The inner diameter of the guide pipe 303 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the loading screw 302. The stepper motor 306 drives the force transmission screw 307. The force transmission screw 307 is connected to the force sensor 304, and then the force is transmitted to the force-applying screw, and finally applied to the centroidal loading unit 301 to apply the self-weight load to the arch dam physical model 1. Remote control is convenient for adjustment.

[0032] Measurement system 4 includes a strain measurement system, a displacement measurement system, a force measurement system, and a hydraulic pressure measurement system. The strain measurement system includes a strain gauge measurement unit and a DIC full-field strain measurement unit. The strain of dam body 101 is measured by the strain gauge measurement unit and the DIC full-field strain measurement unit, respectively. The strain data of dam body 101 is obtained by combining the two sets of measurement results. The DIC full-field strain measurement unit measures the strain data of the entire structure. The strain gauge measurement unit measures the strain data at detailed points to supplement the data missed by the DIC full-field strain measurement unit, thus obtaining complete strain data. The displacement measurement system includes a laser displacement measurement unit and an image displacement tracking measurement unit. The displacement of dam body 101 is measured by these two units. The displacement data of dam body 101 is obtained by combining the results of measurements from two measurement units. The force measurement system is used to collect data from the self-weight load simulation system 3 and to compare the self-weight load data of the self-weight load simulation system 3 with the set values ​​of the virtual-real interaction system and the remote multi-level operation management system. The hydraulic pressure measurement system is used to collect data input from the water load and temperature load simulation system 2 and to compare the water load and temperature load data of the water load and temperature load simulation system 2 with the set values ​​of the virtual-real interaction system and the remote multi-level operation management system. When the self-weight load data, water load and temperature load data reach the set values, the strain data and displacement data are transmitted to the virtual-real interaction system and the remote multi-level operation management system.

[0033] The virtual-real interaction system includes a virtual digital twin model, an interactive communication system, and a terminal display platform. The virtual digital twin model is used to receive data collected by the measurement system 4. Based on the Three.js three-dimensional model trend analysis, the dynamic change effect diagram of the arch dam physical model 1 is obtained. The dynamic change effect diagram of the arch dam physical model (1) is transmitted to the terminal display platform for display through the interactive communication system. The virtual three-dimensional arch dam model is built using BIM software. Example

[0034] Based on the same inventive concept as Embodiment 1, this embodiment introduces an arch dam teaching model experimental system, such as... Figure 3 As shown, it includes a hydraulic actuator 201, which is arranged in layers. Each layer of hydraulic actuator 201 uses a different oil distributor 204, so that different water pressures can be applied at different elevations, satisfying the inverted triangle distribution law of water pressure.

[0035] How to use: like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, in the remote teaching mode: First, the student sets the load for the self-weight load on the user terminal, and then sends the balance zeroing command for the measurement system 44 and the loading start command for the self-weight load simulation system 33. This command is sent to the server, where the teacher confirms it. If the information is filled in incorrectly, it is returned to the user terminal for re-entry and resubmission. If it is correct, the server confirms and proceeds to the next process. The measurement system 4 starts to collect data, including force, displacement, and strain. At the same time, the force signal is fed back to the self-weight load simulation system 33. The system compares the collected force value with the self-weight load setting value. If it is not reached, it will continue to load. When the self-weight load setting value is reached, the measurement system 44 will continuously collect data for 10 seconds. Then, the measurement system 44 stops collecting data and saves the data in the last 10 seconds, and sends the strain and displacement data to the virtual-real interaction system and the remote multi-level operation management system. Simultaneously, the water load and temperature load simulation system 22 is initiated. First, the water load is set, with the temperature load equivalent to the water load. Then, the measurement system 44 is zeroed out, and the water load and temperature load simulation system 22 is started. This command is sent to the server for confirmation. If the information is incorrect, it is returned to the user for resubmission. If correct, the server confirms and proceeds to the next step: measurement system 4 begins data acquisition. Acquired signals include oil pressure, displacement, and strain. Simultaneously, the oil pressure signal is fed back to the water load and temperature load simulation system. The temperature load simulation system 22 compares the collected oil pressure with the set value of the water load. If the set value of the water load is not reached, the loading will continue. When the set value of the water load is reached, the measurement system 44 will continuously collect data for 10 seconds. Then, the measurement system 44 will stop collecting data and save the data in the last 10 seconds. The strain and displacement data will be sent to the virtual-real interaction system and the remote multi-level operation management system. Compared with the remote teaching mode, the on-site teaching model does not require user terminal operation. The operation is performed directly on the client side. The parameter setting confirmation is confirmed by the teacher on-site. Other parts are exactly the same as the two teaching modes.

[0036] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement between components in a specific orientation. If the specific orientation changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly. These terms are used only for the convenience of describing this application and for simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0037] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0038] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these forms are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental system for teaching arch dams, characterized in that, It includes an arch dam physical model (1), a water load and temperature load simulation system (2), a self-weight load simulation system (3), a measurement system (4), a virtual-real interaction system, and a remote multi-level operation management system; The remote multi-level operation management system is connected to the water load and temperature load simulation system (2), the self-weight load simulation system (3) and the measurement system (4) respectively via electrical signals. It is used to remotely load the experimental parameters of the water load and temperature load simulation system (2), the experimental parameters of the self-weight load simulation system (3), and issue loading and data acquisition commands to the measurement system (4), download the experimental data collected by the measurement system (4) to the cloud, and group the experimental data collected by the measurement system (4). The virtual-real interaction system is connected to the measurement system (4). The virtual-real interaction system receives the experimental data collected and grouped by the measurement system (4) to construct a dynamically changing physical model of the arch dam (1). The measurement system (4) is used to measure the strain and displacement of the physical model (1) of the arch dam, the weight of the self-weight load simulation system (3), and the oil pressure of the water load and temperature load simulation system (2); The water load and temperature load simulation system (2) and the self-weight load simulation system (3) are installed at the bottom of the arch dam physical model (1) to set the experimental environment parameters of the arch dam physical model (1); The physical model (1) of the arch dam includes a dam body (101), an arch seat (102), and a bottom loading equipment room (103). The bottom loading equipment room (103) houses the water load and temperature load simulation system (2) and the self-weight load simulation system (3). The dam body (101) is mounted on the arch seat (102). The similarity constants of the dam body (101) satisfy the following equation: ； in, Let be the geometric similarity constant. Let be the elastic modulus similarity constant. The constant for multiple similarity. The strain similarity constant; The water load and temperature load simulation system (2) includes a hydraulic actuator (201), a reaction device (202), a pressure stabilizing source (203), an oil distributor (204), an oil circuit (205), a loading pad (206), a steel block (207), a rubber pad (208), and a first control and communication system (209). The pressure regulator (203) is connected to the oil circuit (205), the oil circuit (205) is connected to the oil distributor (204), and the output end of the oil circuit (205) is connected to the hydraulic actuator (201). The hydraulic actuator (201) is installed on the reaction device (202), and the other end of the hydraulic actuator (201) is connected to the loading pad (206). A steel block (207) is provided between the hydraulic actuator (201) and the loading pad (206). A rubber pad (208) is installed on the loading pad (206). The contact surface curvature of the loading pad (206) and the dam body (101) is consistent. The first control and communication system (209) is used to realize the electrical signal transmission between the water load and temperature load simulation system (2) and the virtual-real interaction system and the remote multi-level operation management system; The stiffness of the reaction device (202) needs to satisfy the following formula: ； in, The stiffness of the reaction device at the elevation of the loading point of the hydraulic actuator. This is the maximum load of the water load. This represents the maximum displacement value of the arch dam. The measurement system (4) includes a strain measurement system, a displacement measurement system, a force measurement system and a hydraulic pressure measurement system; The strain measurement system includes a strain gauge measurement unit and a DIC full-field strain measurement unit. The strain of the dam body (101) is measured by the strain gauge measurement unit and the DIC full-field strain measurement unit respectively. The strain data of the dam body (101) is obtained by combining the two sets of measurement results. The displacement measurement system includes a laser displacement measurement unit and an image displacement tracking measurement unit. The displacement of the dam body (101) is measured by the two measurement units, and the displacement data of the dam body (101) is obtained by combining the results of the two measurement units. The force measurement system is used to collect data from the self-weight load simulation system (3) and to compare the self-weight load data of the self-weight load simulation system (3) with the set values ​​of the virtual-real interaction system and the remote multi-level operation management system. The oil pressure measurement system is used to collect the data input to the water load and temperature load simulation system (2), and to compare the water load and temperature load data of the water load and temperature load simulation system (2) with the set values ​​of the virtual and real interaction system and the remote multi-level operation management system. Once the self-weight load data, water load data, and temperature load data reach the set values, the strain data and displacement data are transmitted to the virtual-real interaction system and the remote multi-level operation management system.

2. The arch dam teaching model experimental system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The remote multi-level operation management system includes a multimedia system, a user terminal, and a server terminal. The multimedia system is used to realize information transmission between the user terminal, the server terminal, the water load and temperature load simulation system (2), the self-weight load simulation system (3), and the measurement system (4). The user terminal sends instructions to the temperature load simulation system, the self-weight load simulation system (3), and the measurement system (4), which are confirmed by the server terminal.

3. The arch dam teaching model experimental system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydraulic actuators (201) are arranged in layers, and each layer of hydraulic actuators (201) uses a different oil distributor (204).

4. The arch dam teaching model experimental system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The self-weight load simulation system (3) includes a centroid loading unit (301), a loading screw (302), a guide tube (303), a force sensor (304), a reaction force support (305), a stepper motor (306), a force transmission screw (307), and a second control and communication system; The reaction support (305) is installed below the dam body (101). A stepper motor (306) is installed on the side of the reaction support (305). A force transmission screw (307) is installed on the reaction support (305). One end of the force transmission screw (307) is connected to the stepper motor (306), and the other end of the force transmission screw (307) is connected to the force sensor (304). The force sensor (304) is connected to the loading screw (302). The loading screw (302) passes through the conduit (303) and is connected to the centroid loading unit (301). The centroid loading unit (301) is installed inside the dam body (101).

5. The arch dam teaching model experimental system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upper part of the centroidal loading unit (301) adopts a circular loading plate. The bottom surface of the circular loading plate is connected to a connecting sleeve with internal and external threads. The external threads are used to connect and fix with the guide tube (303), and the internal threads are used to connect and fix with the loading screw (302).

6. The arch dam teaching model experimental system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The virtual-real interaction system includes a virtual digital twin model, an interactive communication system, and a terminal display platform. The virtual digital twin model is used to receive data collected by the measurement system (4) and obtain the dynamic change effect diagram of the arch dam physical model (1) based on the Three.js three-dimensional model trend analysis. The dynamic change effect diagram of the physical model (1) of the arch dam is transmitted to the terminal display platform through the interactive communication system.

Images