A method for improving soil by using wheat to fill idle and rot

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for improving soil using wheat fallow composting, belonging to the field of soil improvement technology. The method includes steps such as straw crushing, straw treatment, pre-fermentation, and straw composting. Pre-fermentation is carried out by adding compound microbial agents and organic nitrogen fertilizer. Then, an synergist is prepared, mixed in, and turned into the soil for composting. Microorganisms, together with organic nitrogen fertilizer, rapidly and efficiently decompose and transform the straw residue. At the same time, the synergist encapsulates and fixes the released nutrients and nitrogen, inhibiting nutrient loss and nitrogen conversion, and preventing nitrogen loss through runoff, leaching, and other pathways. After efficient straw composting, soil fertility can be effectively improved, soil properties can be improved, and the growth of subsequent crops can be promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil improvement technology, and in particular to a method for improving soil by using wheat filler and decomposing. Background Technology

[0002] Filling in fallow land refers to a diversified cultivation model in which, during the fallow period of a facility, crops with special characteristics are planted to restore the soil and control nutrient loss, without significantly altering the planting habits of the main crop. By returning fallow crops to the field, the nutrients accumulated during their growth period are released and incorporated into the soil after harvest, making them available for subsequent crops. Introducing fallow crops offers numerous ecological benefits, including improving soil structure, promoting nutrient cycling, enhancing soil fertility and microbial activity, controlling soil erosion, and suppressing weed growth and pests.

[0003] Wheat, characterized by its rapid growth and large biomass, is a common fallow crop. The traditional method of returning fallow crops to the field is to directly plow them into the soil for natural decomposition. This method results in a slow decomposition rate, and because wheat has a high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, its natural decomposition rate is even slower compared to other fallow crops. This not only fails to release nutrients and improve the soil in a timely manner but also affects the sowing of subsequent crops. Furthermore, during the decomposition process, wheat may compete with subsequent crops for nitrogen, hindering their growth and development.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need to find a way to accelerate the decomposition of wheat straw, promote the decomposition rate of wheat straw, release nutrients in a timely manner to improve the soil, and better promote the growth of subsequent crops. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for improving soil by utilizing the decomposition of wheat fallow, thereby solving the problem that the decomposition rate of wheat fallow under natural conditions is slow, which cannot improve the soil in a timely manner and affects the cultivation and growth of subsequent crops.

[0006] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical means:

[0007] A method for improving soil by filling fallow land with decomposed wheat, the method is as follows:

[0008] (1) Straw crushing: After wheat harvest, wheat straw is collected and crushed into straw residue;

[0009] (2) Straw treatment: Add organic nitrogen fertilizer to straw residue to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, and then adjust the moisture content and pH to obtain a mixture.

[0010] (3) Pre-fermentation: Add compound microbial liquid to the mixture and mix evenly. Let it stand for 6-10 days to pre-ferment and obtain pre-fermented material;

[0011] (4) Straw composting: After the pre-fermentation is completed, add the synergist to the pre-fermented material and mix evenly. Then spread it into the soil and plow it to a depth of 10-15cm to compost the mixture. After 15-25 days, plow it again to a depth of 30-40cm. Then the next crop can be planted.

[0012] Furthermore, the organic nitrogen fertilizer in step (2) can be any one of chicken manure, pig manure, or cow manure.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (2), the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to (25-30):1; the water content is adjusted to 60-75%; and the pH is adjusted to 6-8.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (3), the composite microbial inoculum is obtained by mixing Bacillus subtilis inoculum, Trichoderma harzianum inoculum, and Clostridium thermophilum inoculum at a mass ratio of 1:1:1, and the concentration of Bacillus subtilis inoculum is 1-3×10⁻⁶ during mixing. 9 cfu / mL; Trichoderma harzianum inoculum concentration was 1-5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 cfu / mL, Clostridium thermophilum bacterial concentration 1-2×10 9 cfu / mL.

[0015] Furthermore, the synergist in step (4) includes the following raw materials:

[0016] Glucono-δ-lactone, sodium alginate, 2wt% calcium chloride solution, soybean meal, 3wt% hydrochloric acid solution, freeze-dried laver powder, phosphate rock powder, p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid.

[0017] Furthermore, the preparation method of the synergist is as follows:

[0018] The preparation method of the synergist is as follows:

[0019] A: Add phosphate rock powder to a 3wt% hydrochloric acid solution, stir thoroughly, let stand overnight, then add seaweed freeze-dried powder and mix well to obtain a suspension;

[0020] B: Dissolve sodium alginate in water to prepare a 5wt% sodium alginate solution. Heat to 40-50℃ and add gluconate-δ-lactone. Mix well to obtain a sodium alginate mixture. Slowly drip the sodium alginate mixture into a 2wt% calcium chloride solution to solidify and gel, thus obtaining sodium alginate-encapsulated particles.

[0021] C: Add soybean meal and p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid to the suspension and mix evenly. After standing for 4-6 hours, add sodium alginate-encapsulated particles and mix evenly to obtain the synergist.

[0022] Furthermore, in step A, the mass ratio of phosphate rock powder, 3wt% hydrochloric acid solution, and freeze-dried laver powder is (0.2-0.5):(1-2):(0.1-0.3).

[0023] Furthermore, in step B, the mass ratio of sodium alginate solution to gluconate-δ-lactone is (1-2):(0.8-1.2).

[0024] Furthermore, in step C, the mass ratio of soybean meal, p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, suspension, and sodium alginate-encapsulated particles is (3-5):(0.05-0.1):(1-2.5):(1.5-3).

[0025] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the straw residue to the synergist is 100:(5-10).

[0026] Wheat straw has a high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, generally (80-100):1. Directly plowing and returning it to the field not only results in slow decomposition but also makes it prone to competing with subsequent crops for nitrogen during the decomposition process, affecting the growth of subsequent crops. Therefore, this application adds organic nitrogen fertilizer to reduce the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of straw residue and accelerate the decomposition rate; at the same time, it applies microorganisms with highly efficient decomposition effects to further accelerate the decomposition rate of wheat straw, thereby enabling the nutrients in wheat straw to be released quickly to improve soil fertility, enhance soil physical and chemical properties, and promote the good growth of subsequent crops.

[0027] However, wheat straw greatly increases soil permeability after entering the soil, and the nutrients released during decomposition in the soil are easily lost through seepage. Therefore, this application also prepares an synergist to be mixed into the straw to fix and retain the released nutrients. Specifically, the sodium alginate granules in the synergist contain gluconate-δ-lactone, which is continuously released and acts on the protein components obtained by the decomposition of soybean meal by microorganisms to cause gelation. During the gelation process, the nutrients released by the decomposition of straw are encapsulated and adsorbed in the gelled protein, thereby stabilizing it in the soil and increasing the content of nutrients available to crops in the soil. After the subsequent crop is planted, these proteins with encapsulated and adsorbed nutrients are continuously decomposed by microorganisms to release nutrients for crop use and promote good crop growth.

[0028] Wheat straw has a high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, so a large amount of organic nitrogen fertilizer needs to be added to adjust the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio to a suitable level to accelerate the decomposition rate. However, after excessive organic nitrogen fertilizer is added and decomposed by microorganisms, nitrogen is easily lost in large quantities through runoff, leaching, and ammonia volatilization, causing serious waste of resources and water pollution and eutrophication. Therefore, this application also adds p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid to the synergist to passivate nitrogen activity and inhibit its further transformation. At the same time, under the action of phosphate rock powder and freeze-dried laver powder, it reacts and combines with phosphate rock powder and freeze-dried laver powder and is fixed in the soil. This can not only inhibit nitrogen loss, but also prevent subsequent crops from absorbing too much highly active nitrogen and causing damage to subsequent crops.

[0029] Beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. This invention reduces the carbon-nitrogen ratio of wheat straw residue by adding organic nitrogen fertilizer, and at the same time adds microorganisms with highly efficient decomposition function to effectively increase the decomposition rate of wheat straw in the soil. This allows the soil to be quickly improved after the wheat is returned to the field, improving the soil's physical and chemical properties, regulating microbial activity, and facilitating the successful planting and healthy growth of subsequent crops.

[0031] 2. The present invention also prepares an synergist that is mixed into wheat straw for composting, which can effectively adsorb and fix the nutrients released by the decomposition of straw, while passivating the nitrogen activity released by the decomposition of high amount of organic manure and fixing it in the soil to prevent nutrient loss and better improve soil fertility. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments:

[0033] The microbial agents and materials used in this invention are all commercially available.

[0034] Example 1: Preparation of Synergist

[0035] A: Add 0.3 kg of phosphate rock powder to 1.5 kg of 3 wt% hydrochloric acid solution, stir thoroughly, and let stand overnight. Then add 0.2 kg of freeze-dried laver powder and mix well to obtain a suspension.

[0036] B: Dissolve sodium alginate in water to prepare 1.5 kg of 5 wt% sodium alginate solution. Heat to 45°C and add 1 kg of gluconate-δ-lactone. Mix well to obtain sodium alginate mixture. Slowly drip the sodium alginate mixture into 2 wt% calcium chloride solution to solidify and gel, obtaining sodium alginate-encapsulated particles. Take out the sodium alginate-encapsulated particles and wash them once with water for later use.

[0037] C: Add 4 kg of soybean meal and 0.07 kg of p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid to 2 kg of suspension and mix evenly. After standing for 5 hours, add 2.5 kg of sodium alginate-encapsulated granules and mix evenly to obtain the synergist.

[0038] Example 2: Preparation of Synergist

[0039] A: Add 0.2 kg of phosphate rock powder to 1 kg of 3 wt% hydrochloric acid solution, stir thoroughly and let stand overnight, then add 0.1 kg of freeze-dried laver powder and mix well to obtain a suspension;

[0040] B: Dissolve sodium alginate in water to prepare 1 kg of 5 wt% sodium alginate solution. Heat to 40°C and add 0.8 kg of gluconate-δ-lactone. Mix well to obtain sodium alginate mixture. Slowly drip the sodium alginate mixture into 2 wt% calcium chloride solution to solidify and gel, obtaining sodium alginate-encapsulated particles. Remove the sodium alginate-encapsulated particles and wash them once with water for later use.

[0041] C: Add 3 kg of soybean meal and 0.05 kg of p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid to 1 kg of suspension and mix evenly. After standing for 4 hours, add 1.5 kg of sodium alginate-encapsulated granules and mix evenly to obtain the synergist.

[0042] Example 3: Preparation of Synergist

[0043] A: Add 0.5 kg of phosphate rock powder to 2 kg of 3 wt% hydrochloric acid solution, stir thoroughly, and let stand overnight. Then add 0.3 kg of freeze-dried laver powder and mix well to obtain a suspension.

[0044] B: Dissolve sodium alginate in water to prepare 2 kg of 5 wt% sodium alginate solution. Heat to 40-50℃ and add 1.2 kg of gluconate-δ-lactone. Mix well to obtain sodium alginate mixture. Slowly drip the sodium alginate mixture into 2 wt% calcium chloride solution to solidify and gel, obtaining sodium alginate-embedded particles. Take out the sodium alginate-embedded particles and wash them once with water for later use.

[0045] C: Add 5 kg of soybean meal and 0.1 kg of p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid to 2.5 kg of suspension and mix evenly. After standing for 6 hours, add 3 kg of sodium alginate-encapsulated granules and mix evenly to obtain the synergist.

[0046] Comparative Example 1: Preparation of Synergist

[0047] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that phosphate rock powder was not added in step A of the preparation of the synergist in Comparative Example 1, as detailed below:

[0048] A: Add 0.2 kg of freeze-dried laver powder to 1.5 kg of 3 wt% hydrochloric acid solution and mix well to obtain a suspension;

[0049] BC: Same as in Example 1.

[0050] Comparative Example 2: Preparation of Synergist

[0051] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that in Comparative Example 2, no freeze-dried seaweed powder was added in step A during the preparation of the synergist, as detailed below:

[0052] A: Add 0.3 kg of phosphate rock powder to 1.5 kg of 3 wt% hydrochloric acid solution, stir thoroughly, and let stand overnight to obtain a suspension;

[0053] BC: Same as in Example 1.

[0054] Comparative Example 3: Preparation of Synergist

[0055] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that glucono-δ-lactone was not added in step B during the preparation of the synergist in Comparative Example 3, as detailed below:

[0056] A: Same as Example 1;

[0057] B: Dissolve sodium alginate in water to prepare 1.5 kg of 5 wt% sodium alginate solution. Heat to 45°C to obtain sodium alginate mixture. Slowly drip the sodium alginate mixture into 2 wt% calcium chloride solution to solidify and gel, obtaining sodium alginate-encapsulated particles. Take out the sodium alginate-encapsulated particles and wash them once with water for later use.

[0058] C: Same as in Example 1.

[0059] Comparative Example 4: Preparation of Synergist

[0060] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid was not added in step C during the preparation of the synergist in Comparative Example 4, as detailed below:

[0061] AB: Same as Example 1;

[0062] C: Add 4 kg of soybean meal and p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid to 2 kg of suspension and mix evenly. After standing for 5 hours, add 2.5 kg of sodium alginate-encapsulated granules and mix evenly to obtain the synergist.

[0063] Comparative Example 5: Preparation of Synergist

[0064] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that soybean meal was not added in step C during the preparation of the synergist in Comparative Example 5, as detailed below:

[0065] AB: Same as Example 1;

[0066] C: Add 0.07 kg of p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid to 2 kg of suspension and mix well. After standing for 5 hours, add 2.5 kg of sodium alginate-encapsulated particles and mix well to obtain the synergist.

[0067] Comparative Example 6: Preparation of Synergist

[0068] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that sodium alginate was not used to encapsulate glucono-δ-lactone in the preparation of the synergist in Comparative Example 6, as detailed below:

[0069] A: Same as Example 1;

[0070] B: Add 4 kg of soybean meal and 0.07 kg of p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid to 2 kg of suspension and mix evenly. After standing for 5 hours, add 1 kg of gluconate-δ-lactone and mix evenly to obtain the synergist.

[0071] Example 4: Method for improving soil through wheat fallow composting

[0072] In this embodiment, a composite microbial culture with a concentration of 2×10⁻⁶ is used. 9 Bacillus subtilis CFU / mL, bacterial concentration 1.5 × 10⁻⁶8 Trichoderma harzianum cfu / mL, bacterial concentration 1×10 9 The cfu / mL Clostridium thermophilum was obtained by mixing at a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0073] (1) Straw crushing: After wheat harvest, wheat straw is collected and crushed into straw residue with a length of about 1cm;

[0074] (2) Straw treatment: Chicken manure was added to the straw residue to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 26:1, and then the moisture content was adjusted to 65%; the pH was adjusted to 7 to obtain a mixture.

[0075] (3) Pre-fermentation: Add 1 kg of compound microbial liquid to 100 kg of mixed materials, mix evenly, and let stand for 8 days to pre-ferment to obtain pre-fermented material;

[0076] (4) Straw composting: After the pre-fermentation is completed, add 8 kg of the synergist prepared in Example 1 to the pre-fermented material and mix evenly. Then spread it into the soil and plow it to a depth of about 12 cm to compost the mixture. After 20 days, plow it again to a depth of about 35 cm, and then the next crop can be planted.

[0077] Experiment: Soil Improvement Experiment Using Wheat Filling and Decomposition

[0078] 1. The synergists prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-6 were used in wheat straw decomposition experiments. The experiments were conducted in an experimental field at the Chang'an Campus of Northwest University. This field was previously planted with chili peppers, and wheat was planted during the fallow period. After the wheat harvest, a designated area was established as the experimental zone. The initial physicochemical properties of the 0-20cm soil layer in the experimental zone were measured first, and then the area was evenly divided into 8 small zones (each zone measuring 6×6m²). 2 Wheat was returned to the field to improve the soil. Eight small areas corresponded to experimental group 1, control groups 1-6, and blank control, respectively. Experimental group 1 used the synergist prepared by the method in Example 1 and the method in Example 4; control groups 1-6 used the synergist of comparative examples 1-6 and the method in Example 4, respectively; the blank control group did not add synergist, and the remaining methods and steps were the same as those in Example 4.

[0079] 2. Results detection: The amount of decomposed straw in each group was the same. The physicochemical properties of the soil in the 0-20cm soil layer of each group were measured again after the straw had decomposed for 35 days (7 days after the second plowing). The experiment was repeated three times and the data are shown in Table 1.

[0080] Table 1

[0081] initial value 59.62 35.84 241.43 16.7 Experimental group 1 79.43 50.63 389.65 32.5 Control group 1 78.57 53.24 385.46 49.6 Control group 2 77.98 50.42 386.73 48.8 Control group 3 72.42 45.83 342.47 29.7 Control group 4 78.63 49.55 381.24 43.5 Control group 5 74.23 47.21 360.45 31.2 Control group 6 77.29 49.15 379.40 32.0 Blank control 66.35 40.66 300.17 26.5

[0082] Based on the data analysis in Table 1, we can conclude that:

[0083] (1) After the fallow wheat in Experimental Group 1 was decomposed, soil fertility was improved, with a significant increase in the contents of organic matter, available phosphorus, and available potassium, while the content of easily lost nitrate nitrogen in the soil was low. This indicates that returning fallow wheat to the field for decomposition according to the method of this invention can quickly decompose wheat straw in a short time, effectively improving soil fertility and benefiting the growth of subsequent crops. At the same time, it can effectively retain and fix the nitrogen formed by decomposition, inhibiting the formation of easily lost nitrate nitrogen flow.

[0084] (2) The synergist in control group 1 did not contain phosphate rock powder, and the synergist in control group 2 did not contain freeze-dried seaweed powder. They did not react with microorganisms to form nitrogen and generate insoluble solid substances. Therefore, under the action of soil microorganisms, they were mostly converted into easily lost nitrate nitrogen, and the nitrate nitrogen content in the soil increased. The synergist in control group 4 did not contain p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid. The microorganisms had high nitrogen decomposition activity and easily decomposed and converted into easily lost nitrate nitrogen, thus increasing the content.

[0085] (3) In control group 3, no glucono-δ-lactone was added to the synergist. Sodium alginate was simply gelled to form embedded particles. It failed to interact with protein components to fix nutrients. Sodium alginate gel particles alone also had a certain adsorption and fixation effect on nutrients. Compared with the blank control group, the soil nutrient content increased, but it decreased significantly compared with experimental group 1. In control group 5, no soybean meal was added to the synergist. The protein content of straw in the composted material was low. Therefore, the gelation effect with glucono-δ-lactone was small, and less nutrients were embedded and fixed, resulting in a decrease in soil nutrient content.

[0086] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Technical aspects, shapes, and structures not described in detail in this invention are all well-known technologies.

Claims

1. A method for improving soil by using wheat as filler and allowing it to decompose, characterized in that, The method is as follows: (1) Straw crushing: After wheat harvest, wheat straw is collected and crushed into straw residue; (2) Straw treatment: Add organic nitrogen fertilizer to the straw residue to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, and then adjust the moisture content and pH to obtain a mixture; (3) Pre-fermentation: Add compound microbial liquid to the mixture and mix evenly. Let it stand for 6-10 days to pre-ferment and obtain pre-fermented material; (4) Straw composting: After the pre-fermentation is completed, add the synergist to the pre-fermented material and mix it evenly. Then spread it into the soil and plow it to mix the material into the soil layer for composting. After 15-25 days, plow it again and then plant the next crop. The synergist in step (4) includes the following raw materials: Glucono-δ-lactone, sodium alginate, 2wt% calcium chloride solution, soybean meal, 3wt% hydrochloric acid solution, freeze-dried laver powder, phosphate rock powder, p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid; The preparation method of the synergist is as follows: A: Add phosphate rock powder to a 3wt% hydrochloric acid solution, stir thoroughly, let stand overnight, then add seaweed freeze-dried powder and mix well to obtain a suspension; B: Dissolve sodium alginate in water to prepare a 5wt% sodium alginate solution. Heat to 40-50℃ and add gluconate-δ-lactone. Mix well to obtain a sodium alginate mixture. Slowly drip the sodium alginate mixture into a 2wt% calcium chloride solution to solidify and gel, thus obtaining sodium alginate-encapsulated particles. C: Add soybean meal and p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid to the suspension and mix evenly. After standing for 4-6 hours, add sodium alginate-encapsulated particles and mix evenly to obtain the synergist.

2. The method for improving soil using wheat filler and composting according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the organic nitrogen fertilizer can be any one of chicken manure, pig manure, or cow manure.

3. The method for improving soil using wheat filler and composting according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (2), the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to (25-30):1; the water content is adjusted to 60-75%; and the pH is adjusted to 6-8.

4. A method for improving soil using wheat filler and composting according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (3), the composite microbial solution is obtained by mixing Bacillus subtilis solution, Trichoderma harzianum solution and Clostridium thermophilum solution in a mass ratio of 1:1:

1.

5. A method for improving soil using wheat filler and composting according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step A, the mass ratio of phosphate rock powder, 3wt% hydrochloric acid solution, and freeze-dried laver powder is (0.2-0.5):(1-2):(0.1-0.3).

6. A method for improving soil using wheat filler and composting according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step B, the mass ratio of sodium alginate solution to gluconate-δ-lactone is (1-2):(0.8-1.2).

7. A method for improving soil using wheat filler and composting according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step C, the mass ratio of soybean meal, p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, suspension, and sodium alginate-encapsulated particles is (3-5):(0.05-0.1):(1-2.5):(1.5-3).

8. A method for improving soil using wheat filler and composting according to claim 7, characterized in that, The mass ratio of straw residue to synergist is 100:(5-10).