A sophisticated rainfall simulation device suitable for slopes

Abstract

This invention provides a fine rainfall simulation device suitable for slopes, comprising a simulated slope, a rainfall device support, a rainfall simulation system, and a water level control system. The rainfall device support is a hollow rectangular frame with threaded angle steel slidingly mounted on opposite sides, the threaded angle steel arranged parallel to the surface of the simulated slope. The rainfall simulation system is assembled from multiple miniature rainfall simulation tanks, each with an inlet pipe and an overflow pipe. A row of medical needles is evenly installed at the bottom of each miniature rainfall simulation tank, which is mounted on the threaded angle steel at even intervals via a support platform. The water level control system includes a water supply unit, a tank water level control unit, and connecting hoses. This invention can adapt to the assembly of rainfall simulation devices with different slope angles, overcoming the problem of rainfall intensity changing due to changes in slope angle, and can conduct fine rainfall simulation experiments under different slope angle conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope rainfall simulation technology, specifically a fine rainfall simulation device suitable for slopes. Background Technology

[0002] Rainfall is one of the main factors inducing natural slope instability. Simulating the impact of different rainfall conditions on slope stability using artificial rainfall simulators is an important method for revealing the mechanism of slope instability. However, the rainfall intensity range, rainfall uniformity, and simulated raindrop height of the rainfall simulator all have a significant impact on the simulation results.

[0003] Currently, the main types of artificial rainfall simulation devices in China include nozzle type, pipe network type, suspension wire type, and needle type. Among them, needle-type rainfall simulation devices have significant advantages in low rainfall intensity and rainfall uniformity. However, the varying distances of raindrops from the slope surface provided by existing needle-type rainfall simulation devices result in different splash erosion effects on the surface soil. Especially when simulating slopes with significant height, excessively high distances between raindrops and the slope surface can lead to severe splash erosion pits, significantly impacting the hydrological processes and slope stability, thus hindering objective research on slope stability under artificial rainfall conditions. Furthermore, existing needle-type rainfall simulators provide a fixed rainfall area, but increasing the slope angle reduces the rainfall area received per unit area for the same slope length (e.g., ...). Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the rainfall intensity entering the slope decreases, which will cause changes in the rainfall infiltration pattern. This makes it impossible to identify whether the increase in slope angle or the decrease in rainfall intensity received by the slope affects rainfall infiltration and the formation of slope stability. Therefore, it is necessary to fundamentally eliminate the situation where the amount of rainfall received by the same area of ​​slope does not change due to the increase or decrease in slope angle. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the challenges of current needle-type rainfall simulation devices in overcoming the splash erosion effect of raindrops on the surface soil of slopes and ensuring that the rainfall received by a slope of the same area remains constant when the slope angle changes, this invention provides a fine rainfall simulation device suitable for slopes. This device can be assembled into an integrated rainfall simulation unit by combining several micro-rainfall simulation troughs, ensuring that each micro-rainfall simulation trough is at the same distance from the slope surface. This eliminates or even completely eliminates the splash erosion effect of the raindrop needles on the surface soil of the slope. Furthermore, this rainfall simulation device system features arbitrary assembly, good rainfall intensity uniformity, and a wide rainfall intensity range, adapting to the assembly of rainfall simulation devices at different slope angles and overcoming the problem of rainfall intensity changes due to changes in slope angle. Using this rainfall simulation device, fine rainfall simulation experiments can be conducted under different slope angle conditions, providing an important experimental means for studying rainfall infiltration into slopes and its impact on slope stability.

[0005] A sophisticated rainfall simulation device suitable for slopes includes a simulated slope, a rainfall device support, a rainfall simulation system, and a water level control system.

[0006] The simulated slope includes a slope model trench and slope soil filling the slope model trench;

[0007] The support for the rainfall device is a hollow rectangular frame. The simulated slope is fitted inside the hollow rectangular frame. Threaded angle steel is slidably provided on both sides of the hollow rectangular frame. The threaded angle steel is arranged parallel to the surface of the simulated slope.

[0008] The rainfall simulation system is assembled from multiple miniature rainfall simulation tanks. Each miniature rainfall simulation tank has an inlet pipe and an overflow pipe. A row of medical needles is evenly installed at the bottom of the miniature rainfall simulation tank. The miniature rainfall simulation tanks are evenly spaced on threaded angle steel via a support platform.

[0009] The water level control system includes a water supply unit, a water tank level control unit, and a connecting hose. The water supply unit supplies water to the inlet pipe of the miniature rainfall simulation tank through the water supply hose. The water tank level control unit is used to discharge excess water through the overflow pipe when the amount of water entering the miniature rainfall simulation tank exceeds the simulated rainfall intensity passing through a medical needle.

[0010] Furthermore, the slope model groove is trapezoidal in shape and made of stainless steel.

[0011] Furthermore, the material of the rain-receiving device bracket is L-shaped angle steel, and a sliding groove is installed on the inner side of the four columns. The two ends of the threaded angle steel are respectively provided with a first sliding head body. The first sliding head body is inserted into the sliding groove of the two columns of the rain-receiving device bracket. By adjusting the position of the first sliding head body in the sliding groove, the threaded angle steel is parallel to the simulated slope surface and the vertical distance from the simulated slope surface is a set distance.

[0012] Furthermore, the threaded angle steel is provided with uniformly spaced fixing points, and a support platform for supporting the micro-rainfall simulation tank is installed on the fixing points.

[0013] Furthermore, the support platform is a right-angled triangle. The right end of the horizontal side of the support platform is connected to the fixing point of the threaded angle steel through the first hinge. A second hinge is provided at the right angle of the support platform. By adjusting the position of the vertical side of the support platform on the threaded angle steel, the horizontal side of the support platform is kept horizontal.

[0014] Furthermore, a bolt is installed on the top of each miniature rainfall simulation tank, and the bolts are connected by a perforated steel bar. The two ends of the steel bar have a second sliding head, which is inserted into the groove at both ends of the rainfall device bracket. The second sliding head is fixed in the groove by a sliding head fixing component.

[0015] Furthermore, the water supply unit includes a water supply tank, a sponge filter, a water supply degassing tank, and a vacuum pump. The sponge filter is installed in the water inlet pipe connected to the water supply degassing tank. The vacuum pump installed on the water supply degassing tank is used to remove air from the inlet water after startup to obtain degassed water. The degassed water is transported into the water supply tank, and the water supply tank supplies water to the water inlet pipe of the micro-rainfall simulation tank through a water supply hose.

[0016] Furthermore, the water level control unit of the water tank includes an overflow tank, a retractable hose, a connecting rod with a groove, and a fixing component. The retractable hose is fixed to the lower part of the overflow tank, and the lower part of the overflow tank is connected to the overflow pipe. The water level of the overflow tank is controlled and the height of the overflow tank is adjusted according to the rainfall intensity corresponding to the rainfall simulation test. The fixing component is used to fix the overflow tank to the connecting rod with the groove.

[0017] Compared with existing needle-type rainfall simulators, the fine rainfall simulation device for slopes proposed in this invention, in addition to having the advantages of uniform rainfall intensity and wide rainfall intensity coverage, also has the following advantages:

[0018] 1. Effectively overcomes or eliminates the splash erosion differences in the surface soil of slopes caused by traditional needle-type rainfall simulation systems. Under the condition of ensuring the same rainfall intensity, it effectively solves the problem of splash erosion differences in the surface soil caused by varying distances between the rainfall simulation needle and the slope surface. These differences significantly alter the damage to the slope soil structure, affecting rainfall infiltration and slope stability, and are caused by defects in the rainfall simulator settings. Simultaneously, the rainfall simulator needle can be controlled at a distance of 2cm-5cm from the slope surface, minimizing or eliminating the splash erosion effect of rainfall on the surface soil of the slope.

[0019] 2. It features assemblability, making it suitable for slope rainfall simulation of different scales. Rainfall simulation systems of different sizes can be assembled by increasing or decreasing the number of micro-rainfall simulation tank units.

[0020] 3. It may overcome the problem of changes in slope rainfall intensity caused by altering the slope angle in traditional needle-type rainfall simulators. When using a traditional needle-type rainfall simulator, the rainfall per unit area of ​​slope satisfies the following formula:

[0021] P 斜坡 =P 降雨 ·cosθ

[0022] Where Pslope represents the rainfall intensity per unit area of ​​the slope, Prainfall represents the rainfall intensity of the rainfall simulator, and θ represents the slope angle. As can be seen from the formula, increasing the slope angle reduces the rainfall intensity per unit area of ​​the slope. When using traditional rainfall simulators to study rainfall infiltration patterns and their impact on slope stability under different slope angles, it is impossible to identify the decrease in rainfall per unit area due to increased slope angle and the change in the seepage field of the slope soil layer caused by increased slope angle. The rainfall simulator proposed in this invention is assembled from multiple micro-rainfall simulation trough units. Regardless of whether the slope angle increases or decreases, the slope length of each micro-rainfall simulation trough unit is fixed (the distance between adjacent weighing platform fixed points, for example, 5 cm). This fundamentally solves the problem of the decrease or increase in rainfall per unit length of slope caused by changes in slope angle in traditional rainfall simulation systems. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fine rainfall simulation device suitable for slopes according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of section A in the middle;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the micro-rainfall simulation trough in this invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the needle arrangement in the micro-rainfall simulation tank of this invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the sliding groove of the rain-receiving device bracket, the threaded angle steel, and the steel strip in this invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the decrease in rainfall per unit length or area when the slope angle increases with current technology.

[0029] The reference numerals in the attached figures are described below:

[0030] 1-Simulated slope; 2-Raining device bracket; 3-Miniature rain simulation trough; 4-Steel bar; 5-Slide groove; 6-Slide head fixing component; 7-Support platform; 8-Threaded angle steel; 9-Drainage pipe; 10-Valve; 11-Inlet pipe; 12-Water supply tank; 13-Water supply degassing tank; 14-Vacuum pump; 15-Sponge filter; 16-Inlet pipe; 17-Water flow direction; 18-Valve; 19-First slide head body; 20-Thread; 21-Overflow pipe; 22-Medical needle; 23-Bolt; 24-Inlet pipe; 25-Hinge; 26-Hinge; 27-Overflow groove; 28-Extendable hose; 29-Connecting rod with slide groove; 30-Fixing component; 31-Bolt; 32-Bolt; 33-Second slide head body; 34-Bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Please see Figure 1-5 This invention provides a fine rainfall simulation device suitable for slopes, including a simulated slope 1, a rainfall device support 2, a rainfall simulation system, and a water level control system.

[0033] The simulated slope 1 includes a slope model trench and slope soil filling the slope model trench, which is the main object for slope rainfall infiltration. The slope model trench is a trapezoidal body 100m long, 80cm wide, with an upper base of 80cm and a lower base of 20cm. The trapezoidal body is made of stainless steel and is 1cm thick. The slope soil is filled according to the design density and moisture content of the slope soil sample.

[0034] The rainfall device support 2 is a hollow rectangular frame with dimensions of 110cm in length, 90cm in width, and 150cm in height. Its bottom dimensions are slightly larger than the slope model groove, and the simulated slope 1 is fitted within it to provide support for the rainfall simulation system. The rainfall device support 2 is made of 5mm thick L-shaped angle steel (50mm x 50mm), and sliding grooves 5 (such as...) are installed on the inner sides of its surrounding columns (near the slope model groove). Figure 5As shown, threaded angle steel 8 with first sliding head 19 at both ends is connected to the sliding groove 5 at both ends of the rain device bracket 2. Then, the two first sliding head 19 are inserted into the sliding groove 5 of the columns at both ends of the rain device bracket 2. By adjusting the position of the first sliding head 19 in the sliding groove 5, the threaded angle steel 8 is made parallel to the surface of the simulated slope 1 and the vertical distance from the surface of the simulated slope 1 is a set distance (e.g., 5cm). The threaded angle steel 8 provides a support platform for the micro rain simulation tank 3.

[0035] The surface of the threaded angle steel 8 has threads 20 with a spacing of 2mm and a depth of 5mm. Fixing points with a spacing of 5cm are set on the threaded angle steel 8 to fix the miniature rainfall simulation tank 3. A right-angled triangular support platform 7 is installed at each fixing point to support the miniature rainfall simulation tank 3. The threaded grooves of the threaded angle steel 8 provide support points for the vertical side of the support platform 7. The right end of the horizontal side of the support platform 7 is connected to the threaded angle steel 8 via a hinge 25. A hinge 26 is located at the right angle of the support platform 7. By adjusting the position of the vertical side of the support platform 7 on the threaded angle steel 8, the horizontal side of the support platform 7 is kept level, providing a horizontal support platform for the miniature rainfall simulation tank 3. The support platform 7 is 3.0cm high, 5cm long, and 0.2cm thick, and is made of steel.

[0036] The rainfall simulation system is assembled from multiple miniature rainfall simulation tanks 3, the number of which is determined according to the scale of the simulated slope 1. Each miniature rainfall simulation tank 3 is a water tank 2.5cm wide × 84cm long × 25cm high, with a row of 0.5mm orifice medical needles 22 evenly installed at the bottom of the tank at 2.5cm intervals. Figure 4 (As shown). The miniature rainfall simulation tank 3 is placed on the support platform 7, and the bottom of the miniature rainfall simulation tank 3 is fixed to the support platform 7 using four bolts 23 (two at each end) evenly distributed at both ends of the miniature rainfall simulation tank 3. In order to further fix multiple miniature rainfall simulation tanks 3, a bolt 31 is installed 5cm from the top of each miniature rainfall simulation tank 3. Then, a steel bar 4 with holes is used to connect the bolts 31. The steel bar 4 has a second sliding head 33 at both ends. The steel bar 4 and the second sliding head 33 are connected with bolts 34. The second sliding head 33 is then inserted into the sliding grooves 5 at both ends of the rainfall device bracket 1, and the second sliding head 33 is fixed in the sliding groove 5 using sliding head fixing parts 6.

[0037] The water level control system includes a water supply unit, a water tank level control unit, and a water supply hose 11. The water supply unit includes a water supply tank 12, a sponge filter 15, a water supply deaerator 13, and a vacuum pump 14. The water supply tank 12 is an organic glass cylinder with a diameter of 60cm and a height of 60cm. Before the water enters the water supply tank 12, a sponge filter 15 is first installed on the water inlet pipe 16 connected to the water supply deaerator 13 to filter suspended solids such as silt with a diameter greater than 0.1mm in the water, preventing them from clogging the rain-simulating medical needle 22. Then, the water enters the water supply deaerator 13, and the vacuum pump 14 is started for no less than 6 hours to remove air from the water, so as to prevent excessive air bubbles in the water from clogging the rain-simulating medical needle 22. The deaerated water is then transported into the water supply tank 12 through the hose, and finally supplied to the water inlet pipe 24 of the miniature rain simulation tank 3 through the water supply hose 11.

[0038] Water is supplied to the micro-rainfall simulation tank 3 via a water level control unit. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the water level control unit includes an overflow trough 27, a retractable hose 28, a connecting rod 29 with a groove, and a fixing member 30. The retractable hose 28 is fixed to the lower part of the overflow trough 27 and then connected to the overflow pipe 21. The water level of the micro-rainfall simulation tank 3 is adjusted according to the rainfall intensity corresponding to the rainfall simulation test. The overflow trough 27 is then fixed to the connecting rod 29 with a groove using the fixing member 30. When the amount of water entering the micro-rainfall simulation tank 3 exceeds the simulated rainfall intensity passing through the medical needle 22, the excess water will enter the retractable hose 28 through the overflow trough 27 and then enter the drain pipe 9 of the entire rainfall system through the overflow pipe 21.

[0039] This invention supplies water to each miniature rainfall simulation tank 3 via the inlet pipe 24. When the water flow rate exceeds the rainfall velocity of the medical needle 22 in the miniature rainfall simulation tank 3, the water level in the miniature rainfall simulation tank 3 will rise. Once it reaches the set water level (if the designed rainfall intensity is determined, the set water level in each miniature rainfall simulation tank 3 is the same), the excess water is discharged from the overflow pipe 21, maintaining a constant water level in the miniature rainfall simulation tank 3. Therefore, this model can achieve different rainfall intensity simulation requirements by adjusting the height of the overflow tank 27.

[0040] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A fine rainfall simulation device suitable for a slope, characterized by: This includes simulated slopes, rainfall device supports, rainfall simulation systems, and water level control systems; The simulated slope includes a slope model trench and slope soil filling the slope model trench; The support for the rainfall device is a hollow rectangular frame. The simulated slope is fitted inside the hollow rectangular frame. Threaded angle steel is slidably provided on both sides of the hollow rectangular frame. The threaded angle steel is arranged parallel to the surface of the simulated slope. The rainfall simulation system is assembled from multiple miniature rainfall simulation tanks. Each miniature rainfall simulation tank has an inlet pipe and an overflow pipe. A row of medical needles is evenly installed at the bottom of the miniature rainfall simulation tank. The miniature rainfall simulation tanks are evenly spaced on threaded angle steel via a support platform. The water level control system includes a water supply unit, a water tank level control unit, and a connecting hose. The water supply unit supplies water to the inlet pipe of the miniature rainfall simulation tank through the water supply hose. The water tank level control unit is used to discharge excess water through the overflow pipe when the amount of water entering the miniature rainfall simulation tank exceeds the simulated rainfall intensity passing through the medical needle. The material of the rain-making device support is L-shaped angle steel. Slide grooves are installed on the inner side of the columns around it. The two ends of the threaded angle steel are respectively provided with first slide head bodies. The first slide head bodies are inserted into the slide grooves of the columns at both ends of the rain-making device support. By adjusting the position of the first slide head bodies in the slide grooves, the threaded angle steel is made parallel to the simulated slope surface and the vertical distance from the simulated slope surface is a set distance. The support platform is a right-angled triangle. The right end of the horizontal side of the support platform is connected to the fixing point of the threaded angle steel through the first hinge. A second hinge is provided at the right angle of the support platform. By adjusting the position of the vertical side of the support platform on the threaded angle steel, the horizontal side of the support platform is kept horizontal.

2. The fine rainfall simulation device for slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The slope model trough is trapezoidal in shape and made of stainless steel.

3. The fine rainfall simulation device for slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The threaded angle steel is provided with uniformly spaced fixing points, and a support platform for supporting the micro-rainfall simulation tank is installed on the fixing points.

4. The fine rainfall simulation device for slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Each miniature rainfall simulation trough is equipped with a bolt on top, and the bolts are connected by a perforated steel bar. The steel bar has a second sliding head at both ends. The second sliding head is inserted into the groove at both ends of the rainfall device bracket, and the second sliding head is fixed in the groove by a sliding head fixing component.

5. The fine rainfall simulation device for slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The water supply unit includes a water supply tank, a sponge filter, a water supply degassing tank, and a vacuum pump. The sponge filter is installed in the water inlet pipe connected to the water supply degassing tank. The vacuum pump installed on the water supply degassing tank is used to remove air from the inlet water after startup to obtain degassed water. The degassed water is transported into the water supply tank, and the water supply tank supplies water to the water inlet pipe of the micro-rainfall simulation tank through a water supply hose.

6. The fine rainfall simulation device for slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The water level control unit of the water tank includes an overflow tank, a retractable hose, a connecting rod with a groove, and a fixing component. The retractable hose is fixed to the lower part of the overflow tank, and the lower part of the overflow tank is connected to the overflow pipe. The water level of the overflow tank is controlled and the height of the overflow tank is adjusted according to the rainfall intensity corresponding to the rainfall simulation test. The fixing component is used to fix the overflow tank to the connecting rod with the groove.

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