Efficient water washing and separating device and method for toluene nitration reaction liquid

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of liquid separation, and in particular to a high-efficiency water washing and separating device and method for toluene nitration reaction liquid, which comprises a fixed support frame, the inner side of the fixed support frame is connected and provided with a centrifugal separation frame, and further comprises a centrifugal separation tank arranged in the middle of the centrifugal separation frame, two interval separation plates are arranged in parallel in the middle of the centrifugal separation tank, and the two interval separation plates separate the centrifugal separation tank into three parts. The present application separates the reaction liquid through the centrifugal separation tank, the interval closed frame can drive the interval separation tube to rotate synchronously to be mutually matched with the unit communication tube, so as to integrally isolate and separate the two-phase contact area in the unit communication tube and discharge it, so as to separate the tiny emulsified particles and suspended impurities in the two-phase contact area, and isolate the light phase liquid and the heavy phase liquid on the upper and lower sides, so as to avoid that the final separation liquid has tiny emulsified particles and suspended impurities, and it is beneficial to more accurately process and separate the reaction liquid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of liquid separation technology, and in particular to a high-efficiency water washing and separation device and method for toluene nitration reaction liquid. Background Technology

[0002] In the fine chemicals and pharmaceutical industries, toluene nitration is a common chemical synthesis process. The product mixture after the reaction usually contains a large amount of unreacted toluene, nitric acid, water, and nitration products. Therefore, after the reaction is completed, it is usually necessary to wash and separate the product to reduce the amount of mixed nitrotoluene in the circulating acid, reduce the acidic substances entrained in the oil phase, and reduce the organic matter entrained in the circulating acid.

[0003] Traditional separation methods, mainly including gravity sedimentation and centrifugation, can achieve basic separation of the organic and aqueous phases in the reaction solution to a certain extent. However, gravity separation relies on the natural stratification of liquids with different densities. In the toluene-water system, the density difference between the two is not significant, resulting in slow and incomplete stratification. This is especially true when dealing with reaction solutions containing trace impurities and emulsions, where the interface is blurred and it is difficult to form a clear boundary. While centrifugation can accelerate the separation process by forcing liquid phases with different densities to separate through centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation, the oil-water interface formed under centrifugal force is still not clear enough. Especially in the contact area between the two phases, tiny emulsion particles and suspended impurities are difficult to remove completely. This not only affects the purity of the product but also increases the burden of subsequent refining processes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a high-efficiency water washing and separation device and method for toluene nitration reaction liquid, so as to solve the problem that when separating toluene nitration reaction liquid by gravity or centrifugation separation technology, the oil-water interface formed is not clear enough, especially in the two-phase contact area, where tiny emulsion particles and suspended impurities are difficult to remove completely, affecting the purity of the product and resulting in poor separation effect.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a high-efficiency water washing and separation device for toluene nitration reaction liquid, comprising a fixed support frame, wherein a centrifugal separator is connected to the inner side of the fixed support frame, and further comprising:

[0006] A centrifugal separator is located in the middle of the centrifugal separator frame. Two spacer plates are arranged parallel to each other in the middle of the centrifugal separator, which divide the centrifugal separator into three parts from top to bottom: a light phase liquid tank, a gravity separation tank, and a heavy phase liquid tank. A conveying interface is connected to the bottom middle of the heavy phase liquid tank.

[0007] A rotating turntable is symmetrically connected and arranged on the top left and right sides of the centrifugal separator, and the centrifugal separator is rotatably connected to the fixed support frame through the rotating turntable;

[0008] Multiple unit connecting pipes are evenly arranged and connected in the middle of the gravity separation chamber. The upper and lower ends of each unit connecting pipe are respectively connected to the light phase liquid chamber and the heavy phase liquid chamber. A central fitting groove is provided in the middle of the unit connecting pipe. The upper and lower parts of the unit connecting pipe are separated from each other by the central fitting groove. A connecting interface is provided at the end of the unit connecting pipe near the central fitting groove.

[0009] The spacer is rotatably fitted in the middle of the central fitting groove. Spacer plates are symmetrically and parallelly arranged on the upper and lower sides of the spacer. Multiple spacer separation tubes are evenly arranged in the middle of the spacer. Each spacer separation tube corresponds to a unit connecting tube. The upper and lower ends of each spacer separation tube are provided with separation interfaces through the upper and lower spacer plates on the upper and lower sides, respectively.

[0010] When the interval sealing frame drives the interval separation tube to rotate synchronously until it is aligned with the unit connecting tube, the interval separation tube is connected to the unit connecting tube through the separation interface and the connection interface. At this time, the upper and lower parts of the unit connecting tube are connected to each other through the corresponding interval separation tube. When the interval sealing frame drives the interval separation tube to rotate synchronously until it is misaligned with the unit connecting tube, the connection interface of the unit connecting tube is kept closed by the interval sealing plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the fixed support frame has an annular outer shell in the middle, and a closed separation chamber is set inside the annular outer shell. The centrifugal separator is located inside the closed separation chamber. A raw material input pipe is connected to the top of the closed separation chamber, and two separation output pipes are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the closed separation chamber. The inner ends of the raw material input pipe and the separation output pipe are connected to conveying connectors, and the conveying connectors are arranged correspondingly to the conveying interface. Switch valves are connected to the outer ends of the raw material input pipe and the separation output pipe.

[0012] Furthermore, a one-way output valve is provided in the middle of the conveying interface. The conveying direction of the one-way output valve is from the conveying interface to the interior of the heavy phase liquid tank. A conical interface is provided in the middle of the one-way output valve. A conical sealing plug is fitted and slidably provided on the inner side of the conical interface. A sealing spring is connected and provided above the conical sealing plug.

[0013] Furthermore, a connecting sleeve is nested and slidably arranged inside the conveying joint, and a central push rod is fixedly connected to the middle of the connecting sleeve. The central push rod and the conical sealing plug are correspondingly arranged to each other. A hydraulic telescopic rod is connected to the middle of the outer wall of the connecting sleeve, and the two ends of the hydraulic telescopic rod are fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve and the conveying joint, respectively.

[0014] Furthermore, multiple cleaning connection pipes are provided above the partition enclosure frame. Each cleaning connection pipe has a cleaning interface at its end near the partition enclosure frame. The cleaning connection pipes and partition separation pipes are arranged correspondingly to each other. A water washing connection pipe is connected to the outer end of each cleaning connection pipe. When the partition enclosure frame drives the partition separation pipe to rotate synchronously until it is misaligned with the unit connecting pipe, the cleaning connection pipe and the partition separation pipe are aligned with each other. The cleaning connection pipe is connected to the partition separation pipe through the cleaning interface and the separation interface.

[0015] Furthermore, multiple separate sewage pipes are provided above the partition enclosure frame. Each separate sewage pipe has a sewage discharge port at its end near the partition enclosure frame. The separate sewage pipes and partition separation pipes are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, as are the separate sewage pipes and cleaning connection pipes. A sewage conveying pipe is connected to the outer end of each separate sewage pipe. When the partition enclosure frame drives the partition separation pipes to rotate synchronously until they are interlocked with the unit connecting pipe, the cleaning connection pipe and the partition separation pipe are aligned. Simultaneously, the separate sewage pipe and the partition separation pipe are aligned. The separate sewage pipe is interconnected with the partition separation pipe through the sewage discharge port and the separation port. The separate sewage pipes and cleaning connection pipes located on the same straight line on both the upper and lower sides are interconnected through their corresponding partition separation pipes.

[0016] Furthermore, a cleaning conveying pipe is connected to the outer end of the water washing connecting pipe, and a fixed sewage discharge pipe is connected to the outer end of the sewage discharge conveying pipe. The cleaning conveying pipe and the fixed sewage discharge pipe are respectively fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the fixed support frame. A rotary joint is provided between the water washing connecting pipe and the cleaning conveying pipe, and the water washing connecting pipe is rotatably connected to the cleaning conveying pipe through the rotary joint. A rotary joint is also provided between the sewage discharge conveying pipe and the fixed sewage discharge pipe, and the sewage discharge conveying pipe is rotatably connected to the fixed sewage discharge pipe through the rotary joint. The axial center line of the rotary joint and the axial center line of the rotating turntable are on the same straight line.

[0017] Furthermore, a counterweight guide frame is connected to the top of the centrifugal separator, and a counterweight tank is connected to the middle of the counterweight guide frame. An inlet valve and a drain valve are respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of the counterweight tank. A connecting hose is connected to the outer end of both the inlet valve and the drain valve. The inlet valve is connected to a water washing connecting pipe through the connecting hose, and the drain valve is connected to a sewage discharge pipe through the connecting hose. A flow meter is also connected between the inlet valve and the connecting hose.

[0018] Furthermore, a sliding connecting frame is connected to the outer side wall of the counterweight tank, and the counterweight tank is slidably connected to the counterweight guide frame through the sliding connecting frame. An adjusting screw sleeve is provided in the middle of the sliding connecting frame, and an adjusting screw is nested inside the adjusting screw sleeve. An adjusting motor is connected to the shaft end of the adjusting screw, and the adjusting motor is fixedly connected to the counterweight guide frame.

[0019] A highly efficient water washing and separation method for toluene nitration reaction solution includes the following steps:

[0020] The device separates the reaction liquid using a centrifugal separator, which is divided into three parts by two spacer plates: a light phase liquid chamber, a gravity separation chamber, and a heavy phase liquid chamber. During water washing separation, the toluene nitration reaction liquid to be separated is first fed into the heavy phase liquid chamber via a conveying interface, along with a certain amount of water. The centrifugal separator then rotates back and forth along a rotating disc, ensuring thorough contact and mixing of the reaction liquid and water for water washing. Substances are separated through water dissolution and extraction. The centrifugal separator then rotates at high speed along the disc for centrifugal separation. After centrifugation, the centrifugal separator remains vertical, with the heavy phase liquid chamber at the bottom. The light and heavy phase liquids are now located in their respective chambers, while the oil-water interface between the light and heavy phase liquids is located within the multiple connecting pipes and spacer pipes of the gravity separation chamber. Furthermore, since the diameters of the unit connecting pipe and the spacer separation pipe are much smaller than those of the centrifugal separator, the contact area between the two phases forms a liquid column region of a certain height. By adjusting the volume and proportion of liquid added, this liquid column region can be controlled to be completely located within the spacer separation pipe. Then, the spacer sealing frame drives the spacer separation pipe to rotate synchronously until it is interlocked with the unit connecting pipe, thereby isolating and discharging the entire contact area between the two phases in the unit connecting pipe. This separates the tiny emulsified particles and suspended impurities in the contact area between the two phases, and isolates the light and heavy phase liquids on the upper and lower sides. After the heavy phase liquid separated in the heavy phase liquid tank is discharged through the conveying interface, the spacer sealing frame drives the spacer separation pipe to rotate synchronously until it is aligned with the unit connecting pipe, thereby reconnecting the spacer separation pipe and the unit connecting pipe. The light phase liquid is then conveyed downwards to the heavy phase liquid tank and discharged through the conveying interface, thus completing the water washing and separation of the reaction liquid.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: As can be seen from the above description, the toluene nitration reaction liquid high-efficiency water washing and separation device provided by this invention separates the reaction liquid through a centrifugal separation tank. The centrifugal separation tank is divided into three parts by two spacer plates: a light phase liquid tank, a gravity separation tank, and a heavy phase liquid tank. After centrifugal separation by rotating along a rotating disc, the light phase liquid and the heavy phase liquid are respectively located in the light phase liquid tank and the heavy phase liquid tank. The oil-water interface between the light phase liquid and the heavy phase liquid is located in multiple unit connecting pipes in the gravity separation tank, that is, in the spacer separation pipes connected in the middle of the unit connecting pipes. Furthermore, due to the single... The diameters of the unit connecting pipe and the spacer separation pipe are much smaller than those of the centrifuge tank, so the contact area between the two phases forms a liquid column region of a certain height. Then, the spacer sealing frame can drive the spacer separation pipe to rotate synchronously until it interlocks with the unit connecting pipe, so as to isolate and separate the contact area between the two phases in the unit connecting pipe and discharge it. It also isolates the light phase liquid and the heavy phase liquid on the upper and lower sides. Then, the spacer separation pipe and the unit connecting pipe are reconnected after the heavy phase liquid to discharge the light phase liquid. In this way, tiny emulsified particles and suspended impurities in the contact area between the two phases can be separated and removed, which is conducive to more precise processing and separation of the reaction liquid. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only for this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the annular shell according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the raw material input pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the centrifuge rack according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the centrifugal separator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the intermediate structure of the centrifugal separator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the centrifuge tank according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the light phase liquid tank according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heavy phase liquid tank according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spacer enclosure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the counterweight guide frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the counterweight tank according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] The diagram is marked as follows:

[0036] 1. Fixed support frame; 101. Annular outer shell; 102. Enclosed separation chamber; 103. Raw material input pipe; 104. Separation output pipe; 105. Conveying connector; 106. Connecting sleeve; 107. Central top rod; 108. Hydraulic telescopic rod; 109. Switch valve; 2. Centrifugal separator frame; 201. Centrifugal separator tank; 202. Spacing plate; 203. Light phase liquid chamber; 204. Gravity separation chamber; 205. Heavy phase liquid chamber; 206. Elastic airbag; 207. Connecting gas supply pipe; 208. Booster pump; 3. Conveying interface; 301. One-way output valve; 302. Conical interface; 303. Conical sealing plug; 304. Sealing spring; 4. Rotating turntable; 401. Centrifugal gear; 402. Drive gear; 403. Centrifugal motor; 5. Unit connecting pipe; 501 502. Central fitting groove; 6. Connecting interface; 7. Cleaning connecting pipe; 801. Cleaning interface; 902. Water washing connecting pipe; 103. Cleaning conveying pipe; 11. Booster conveying pump; 12. Rotary joint; 13. Separating sewage pipe; 14. Sewage interface; 15. Sewage conveying pipe; 16. Fixed sewage pipe; 17. Sewage pump; 18. Spacing enclosure frame; 19. Spacing enclosure plate; 10. Spacing separation pipe; 11. Separation interface; 12. Adjusting gear ring; 13. Enclosing gear; 14. Enclosing motor; 15. Counterweight guide frame; 16. Adjusting screw; 17. Adjusting motor; 18. Sliding connecting frame; 19. Adjusting screw sleeve; 10. Counterweight tank; 10. Inlet valve; 11. Drain valve; 12. Connecting hose; 13. Flow meter. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0038] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0039] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, a high-efficiency water washing and separation device for toluene nitration reaction liquid includes a fixed support frame 1, a centrifugal separator 2 connected to the inner side of the fixed support frame 1, and further includes:

[0040] Centrifugal separator 201 is located in the middle of centrifugal separator 2. Two spacer separation plates 202 are arranged in parallel in the middle of centrifugal separator 201. The two spacer separation plates 202 divide centrifugal separator 201 into three parts from top to bottom: light phase liquid tank 203, gravity separation tank 204 and heavy phase liquid tank 205. A conveying interface 3 is connected to the bottom middle of heavy phase liquid tank 205.

[0041] Rotating turntable 4 is symmetrically connected to the top left and right sides of centrifugal separator 201, and centrifugal separator 201 is rotatably connected to fixed support frame 1 through rotating turntable 4;

[0042] Unit connecting pipe 5, multiple unit connecting pipes 5 are evenly arranged and connected in the middle of gravity separation chamber 204. The upper and lower ends of each unit connecting pipe 5 are connected to the light phase liquid chamber 203 and the heavy phase liquid chamber 205 respectively. A central fitting groove 501 is provided in the middle of the unit connecting pipe 5. The upper and lower parts of the unit connecting pipe 5 are separated from each other by the central fitting groove 501. A connecting interface 502 is provided at the end of the unit connecting pipe 5 near the central fitting groove 501.

[0043] The partition enclosure 8 is fitted and rotated in the middle of the central fitting groove 501. The upper and lower sides of the partition enclosure 8 are symmetrically and parallelly provided with partition enclosure plates 801. Multiple partition separation tubes 802 are evenly provided in the middle of the partition enclosure 8. The partition separation tubes 802 are corresponding to the unit connecting tubes 5. The upper and lower ends of the partition separation tubes 802 pass through the partition enclosure plates 801 on the upper and lower sides respectively and are provided with separation interfaces 803.

[0044] When the partition enclosure 8 drives the partition separation tube 802 to rotate synchronously until it is aligned with the unit connecting tube 5, the partition separation tube 802 is connected to the unit connecting tube 5 through the separation interface 803 and the connecting interface 502. At this time, the upper and lower parts of the unit connecting tube 5 are connected to each other through the corresponding partition separation tube 802. When the partition enclosure 8 drives the partition separation tube 802 to rotate synchronously until it is misaligned with the unit connecting tube 5, the connecting interface 502 of the unit connecting tube 5 is kept closed by the partition enclosure plate 801.

[0045] In this embodiment, the device separates the reaction liquid using a centrifugal separator 201. The centrifugal separator 201 is divided into three parts by two spacer plates 202: a light phase liquid chamber 203, a gravity separation chamber 204, and a heavy phase liquid chamber 205. A conveying interface 3 is connected to the bottom center of the heavy phase liquid chamber 205, through which the toluene nitration reaction liquid to be separated and a certain amount of water are conveyed. The centrifugal separator 201 is rotatably connected to the fixed support frame 1 via a rotating turntable 4. A centrifugal gear 401 is connected around the outer side of the rotating turntable 4, and a drive gear 402 is meshed with the outer side of the centrifugal gear 401. A centrifugal motor 4 is connected to the shaft end of the drive gear 402. 03. The centrifugal motor 403 is fixedly connected to the fixed support frame 1. The centrifugal motor 403 can drive the rotating disk 4 to rotate through the drive gear 402 and the centrifugal gear 401, so that the centrifugal separation tank 201 reciprocates along the rotating disk 4, so that the reaction liquid inside can be fully contacted and mixed with water to wash the reaction liquid. The substances are separated by water dissolution and extraction. After centrifugation separation by high-speed rotation of the centrifugal separation tank 201 along the rotating disk 4, the centrifugal separation tank 201 is kept vertical, and the heavy phase liquid tank 205 is located on the lower side. At this time, the light phase liquid and the heavy phase liquid are located in the light phase liquid tank 203 and the heavy phase liquid tank 205 respectively. The oil-water interface of the light phase liquid and the heavy phase liquid is located in the multiple unit connecting pipes 5 of the gravity separation tank 204. In the spacer separation tube 802, and because the diameters of the unit connecting tube 5 and the spacer separation tube 802 are much smaller than those of the centrifugal separator 201, the contact area between the two phases forms a liquid column region of a certain height. By adjusting the volume and proportion of liquid added, this liquid column region can be controlled to be completely located within the spacer separation tube 802. Meanwhile, an elastic airbag 206 is arranged around the bottom of the inner side of the heavy phase liquid tank 205. A connecting gas supply pipe 207 is connected to the outside of the elastic airbag 206, and a booster gas pump 208 is connected to the outer end of the connecting gas supply pipe 207. When the overall volume of the reaction liquid being processed is small, and the boundary area cannot be located within the spacer separation tube 802, gas can be pumped into the elastic airbag 206 through the booster gas pump 208 and the connecting gas supply pipe 207 to ensure that... The elastic airbag 206 expands as a whole, reducing the volume of the heavy phase liquid tank 205 to raise the overall liquid level and adjust the two-phase contact area into the spacer separation tube 802, making it more flexible and convenient to use. An adjusting gear ring 804 is arranged around the inner side of the spacer sealing frame 8, and a sealing gear 805 is meshed on the inner side of the adjusting gear ring 804. A sealing motor 806 is connected to the shaft end of the sealing gear 805. Thus, the sealing motor 806, through the sealing gear 805 and the adjusting gear ring 804, can drive the spacer sealing frame 8 to rotate around the vertical centerline of the centrifugal separator 201. This allows the spacer sealing frame 8 to synchronously rotate the spacer separation tube 802 until it interlocks with the unit connecting tube 5, thereby isolating and discharging the two-phase contact area in the unit connecting tube 5.To separate tiny emulsified particles and suspended impurities in the two-phase contact area, and to isolate the light and heavy phase liquids on both sides, the separated heavy phase liquid is discharged from the heavy phase liquid tank 205 through the conveying interface 3. Then, the spacer enclosure 8 drives the spacer separation tube 802 to rotate synchronously until it aligns with the unit connecting tube 5, thus reconnecting the spacer separation tube 802 and the unit connecting tube 5. The light phase liquid is then conveyed downwards to the heavy phase liquid tank 205 and discharged through the conveying interface 3, which facilitates more precise processing and separation of the reaction liquid.

[0046] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, preferably, an annular outer shell 101 is provided in the middle of the fixed support frame 1 of the device. A closed separation chamber 102 is provided inside the annular outer shell 101. The centrifugal separator 2 and the centrifugal separator tank 201 are both located inside the closed separation chamber 102, facilitating protection during high-speed centrifugation and improving overall safety. Simultaneously, a raw material input pipe 103 is connected to the top of the closed separation chamber 102, and two separation output pipes 104 are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the closed separation chamber 102. A conveying connector 105 is connected to the inner end of both the raw material input pipe 103 and the separation output pipe 104. The conveying connector 105 is connected to the conveying interface 3. Correspondingly, both the raw material input pipe 103 and the separation output pipe 104 are connected to a switch valve 109 at their outer ends. A one-way output valve 301 is located in the middle of the conveying interface 3. The conveying direction of the one-way output valve 301 is from the conveying interface 3 to the interior of the heavy phase liquid tank 205. A conical interface 302 is located in the middle of the one-way output valve 301. A conical sealing plug 303 is slidably fitted inside the conical interface 302. A sealing spring 304 is connected above the conical sealing plug 303. The sealing spring 304 pushes the conical sealing plug 303 downward into the conical interface 302 to seal it and prevent leakage during centrifugation. Leakage occurs, and a connecting sleeve 106 is nested and slidably arranged inside the conveying joint 105. A central push rod 107 is fixedly connected in the middle of the connecting sleeve 106. The central push rod 107 and the conical sealing plug 303 are correspondingly arranged. A hydraulic telescopic rod 108 is connected in the middle of the outer wall of the connecting sleeve 106. The two ends of the hydraulic telescopic rod 108 are fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve 106 and the conveying joint 105, respectively. Thus, the centrifugal separator 201 can adjust the position of the conveying interface 3 by rotation, so that the conveying interface 3 is aligned with the conveying joint 105 on the raw material input pipe 103 and the corresponding separation output pipe 104. When the conveying joint 105 is aligned with the conveying interface 3, the hydraulic telescopic rod 108 drives the connecting sleeve 106 to move towards the conveying interface 3 and insert it into the conveying interface 3. At the same time, the central push rod 107 moves synchronously to press the conical sealing plug 303, causing the conical sealing plug 303 to disengage from the conical interface 302. This opens the connection between the conveying joint 105 and the conveying interface 3, allowing the reaction liquid to be processed to be conveyed into the centrifugal separator 201 through the raw material input pipe 103, or the separated light phase liquid and heavy phase liquid to be output through the two separation output pipes 104 respectively. This achieves a separation connection structure for the pipeline, making it more flexible, safe, and convenient to use.

[0047] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, preferably, multiple cleaning connecting pipes 6 are arranged above the partition enclosure frame 8 of the device. A cleaning interface 601 is provided at the end of each cleaning connecting pipe 6 near the partition enclosure frame 8. The cleaning connecting pipes 6 and partition separation pipes 802 are arranged correspondingly to each other. A water washing connecting pipe 602 is connected to the outer end of each cleaning connecting pipe 6. When the partition enclosure frame 8 drives the partition separation pipe 802 to rotate synchronously until it intersects with the unit connecting pipe 5, the cleaning connecting pipe 6 and the partition separation pipe 802 are aligned. The cleaning connecting pipe 6 is interconnected with the partition separation pipe 802 through the cleaning interface 601 and the separation interface 803, thus allowing high-pressure water to be delivered to the cleaning connecting pipe 6 via the water washing connecting pipe 602. The cleaning connecting pipe 6 further delivers the delivered high-pressure water to the partition separation pipe 802 to rinse the inside of the partition separation pipe 802. Simultaneously, multiple separation drain pipes 7 are arranged above the partition enclosure frame 8. A drain interface 701 is provided at the end of each separation drain pipe 7 near the partition enclosure frame 8. The separation drain pipe 7 and the partition separation pipe 802 are connected... The separation drain pipe 7 and the cleaning connection pipe 6 are configured in a one-to-one correspondence. The outer end of the separation drain pipe 7 is connected to the drain conveying pipe 702. When the interval sealing frame 8 drives the interval separation pipe 802 to rotate synchronously and interlock with the unit connecting pipe 5, the cleaning connection pipe 6 and the interval separation pipe 802 are aligned with each other. At the same time, the separation drain pipe 7 and the interval separation pipe 802 are aligned with each other. The separation drain pipe 7 is connected to the interval separation pipe 802 through the drain port 701 and the separation port 803. The separation drain pipe 7 and the cleaning connection pipe 6, which are located on the same straight line on both sides, are connected to each other through the corresponding interval separation pipe 802. This allows the tiny emulsified particles and suspended impurities in the contact area of ​​the two phases separated in the interval separation pipe 802 to be completely cleaned out and transported to the separation drain pipe 7, where they are collected and discharged by the drain conveying pipe 702. This avoids subsequent contamination of the separated liquid and helps to further improve the separation and treatment effect of the reaction liquid. It also enables the pipe to be self-cleaned by water washing, making it more convenient and faster to use.

[0048] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, preferably, the outer end of the water washing connecting pipe 602 of the device is connected to a cleaning conveying pipe 603, and the outer end of the sewage conveying pipe 702 is connected to a fixed sewage discharge pipe 703. The cleaning conveying pipe 603 and the fixed sewage discharge pipe 703 are respectively fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the fixed support frame 1. A booster pump 604 and a sewage pump 704 are respectively connected in the middle of the cleaning conveying pipe 603 and the fixed sewage discharge pipe 703 to convey water flow for rinsing and discharging sewage. A rotary joint 605 is connected between the water washing connecting pipe 602 and the cleaning conveying pipe 603, and the water washing connecting pipe 602 is rotatably connected to the cleaning conveying pipe 603 through the rotary joint 605. A rotary joint 605 is also connected between the sewage conveying pipe 702 and the fixed sewage discharge pipe 703, and the sewage conveying pipe 702 is rotatably connected to the fixed sewage discharge pipe 703 through the rotary joint 605. The axial center line of the rotary joint 605 is on the same straight line as the axial center line of the rotating turntable 4, so as to facilitate maintaining the connection of the pipes during rotation.

[0049] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 10 and Figure 12As shown, preferably, a counterweight guide frame 9 is connected above the centrifuge separator 2, and a counterweight tank 905 is connected in the middle of the counterweight guide frame 9. The counterweight tank 905 and the centrifuge separator 201 are respectively located on both sides of the axial center line of the rotating disk 4 and face each other. This facilitates the counterweight tank 905 to maintain balance when the centrifuge separator 201 rotates along the rotating disk 4, so as to facilitate smooth high-speed rotation for centrifugal operation. Furthermore, an inlet valve 906 and a drain valve are respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of the counterweight tank 905. 907. Both the inlet valve 906 and the outlet valve 907 are connected to a connecting hose 908. The inlet valve 906 is connected to the water washing connecting pipe 602 via the connecting hose 908, and the outlet valve 907 is connected to the sewage discharge pipe 702 via the connecting hose 908. A flow meter 909 is also connected between the inlet valve 906 and the connecting hose 908. Thus, the water washing connecting pipe 602 can supply water to the counterweight tank 905 through the connecting hose 908 and the inlet valve 906, and the water can be discharged through the outlet valve 907 and the connecting hose 908. Water is discharged from the counterweight tank 905 via a connecting hose 908 and a sewage discharge pipe 702. The flow meter 909, in conjunction with the flow rate, controls and adjusts the mass of the water stored in the counterweight tank 905, thereby controlling the overall mass of the counterweight tank 905. A sliding connecting frame 903 is connected to the outer side wall of the counterweight tank 905, allowing it to slide against the counterweight guide frame 9. An adjusting screw sleeve 904 is located in the middle of the sliding connecting frame 903, and an adjusting screw 901 is nested inside the adjusting screw sleeve 904. An adjusting motor 902 is connected to the shaft end of the adjusting screw 901. The adjusting motor 902 is fixedly connected to the counterweight guide frame 9. Thus, the adjusting motor 902 can drive the sliding connecting frame 903 to slide along the counterweight guide frame 9 through the adjusting screw 901 and the adjusting sleeve 904, thereby driving the counterweight tank 905 to move synchronously, so as to adjust the distance between the counterweight tank 905 and the centrifugal separator 201. This allows for adjustment according to the amount of reaction liquid in the centrifugal separator 201, maintaining balance through counterweighting, making it more flexible and convenient to use.

[0050] In use, first connect the devices. Then, adjust the position of the conveying interface 3 by rotating the centrifuge tank 201 so that the conveying interface 3 is aligned with the conveying joint 105 of the raw material input pipe 103. Then, the hydraulic telescopic rod 108 moves the connecting sleeve 106 towards the conveying interface 3 to insert it into the conveying interface 3. At the same time, the central push rod 107 moves synchronously to press the conical sealing plug 303, causing the conical sealing plug 303 to disengage from the conical interface 302, thereby opening the connection between the conveying joint 105 and the conveying interface 3. Then, the toluene nitration reaction liquid and water that need to be separated are conveyed into the heavy phase liquid tank 205 through the conveying interface 3. Afterward, the hydraulic telescopic rod 108 moves the connecting sleeve 106 back to its original position, and the one-way output valve 301... Synchronously shut down, the centrifugal motor 403 drives the rotating disk 4 to rotate via the drive gear 402 and the centrifugal gear 401, causing the centrifugal separator 201 to reciprocate along the rotating disk 4, ensuring thorough contact and mixing of the internal reaction liquid and water for water washing. Substances are separated through water dissolution and extraction. After centrifugal separation, the centrifugal separator 201 remains vertical, with the heavy phase liquid chamber 205 located at the bottom. The light phase liquid and heavy phase liquid are then located in the light phase liquid chamber 203 and heavy phase liquid chamber 205, respectively. The oil-water interface between the light and heavy phase liquids is located in the multiple unit connecting pipes 5 and the spacer separation pipes 802 of the gravity separation chamber 204. Furthermore, due to the unit... Since the diameters of the connecting pipe 5 and the spacer separation pipe 802 are much smaller than those of the centrifugal separator 201, the contact area between the two phases forms a liquid column region of a certain height. When the overall volume of the reaction liquid being processed is small and the boundary area cannot be located in the spacer separation pipe 802, gas can be pumped into the elastic air bladder 206 through the booster pump 208 and the connecting gas supply pipe 207. This causes the elastic air bladder 206 to expand as a whole, reducing the volume of the heavy phase liquid chamber 205, thereby raising the overall liquid level and adjusting the contact area between the two phases to the spacer separation pipe 802. Then, the closed motor 806 drives the spacer sealing frame 8 to rotate around the vertical centerline of the centrifugal separator 201 through the closed gear 805 and the adjusting gear ring 804. This causes the spacer sealing frame 8 to move in tandem with the spacer separation pipe 802. The unit rotates until it intersects with the unit connecting pipe 5, thus isolating and separating the two-phase contact area within the unit connecting pipe 5. This separates the tiny emulsified particles and suspended impurities in the two-phase contact area and isolates the light and heavy phase liquids on the upper and lower sides. Simultaneously, the cleaning connecting pipe 6 and the interval separation pipe 802 are aligned with each other. The cleaning connecting pipe 6 is connected to the interval separation pipe 802 through the cleaning interface 601 and the separation interface 803. The separation drain pipe 7 is aligned with the interval separation pipe 802 and is connected to the interval separation pipe 802 through the drain interface 701 and the separation interface 803. The separation drain pipe 7 and the cleaning connecting pipe 6, which are located on the same straight line on both sides, are connected to each other through the corresponding interval separation pipe 802.Then, the booster pump 604 pumps high-pressure water through the water washing connection pipe 602 to the cleaning connection pipe 6. The cleaning connection pipe 6 further delivers the high-pressure water to the interval separation pipe 802 to flush the inside of the interval separation pipe 802, completely removing tiny emulsified particles and suspended impurities from the contact area between the two phases separated in the interval separation pipe 802. The water is then conveyed to the separation drain pipe 702 for collection and discharge, preventing subsequent contamination of the separated liquid. At the same time, the conveying interface 3 is aligned with the conveying connector 105 of a separation output pipe 104 and connected... After the heavy phase liquid separated in the heavy phase liquid tank 205 is discharged through the conveyor connector 105 and the conveyor interface 3, the centrifugal separator 201 rotates at a certain angle so that the conveyor interface 3 is aligned with the conveyor connector 105 of another separation output pipe 104, and the conveyor connector 105 and the conveyor interface 3 are connected. The spacer enclosure 8 then drives the spacer separation pipe 802 to rotate synchronously until it is aligned with the unit connecting pipe 5, so as to reconnect the spacer separation pipe 802 and the unit connecting pipe 5. The light phase liquid is then conveyed downward to the heavy phase liquid tank 205 and discharged through the conveyor interface 3, completing the water washing and separation of the reaction liquid.

[0051] A highly efficient water washing and separation method for toluene nitration reaction solution includes the following steps:

[0052] The apparatus separates the reaction liquid using a centrifugal separator 201. The centrifugal separator 201 is divided into three parts by two spacer plates 202: a light phase liquid chamber 203, a gravity separation chamber 204, and a heavy phase liquid chamber 205. During water washing separation, the toluene nitration reaction liquid to be separated is first fed into the heavy phase liquid chamber 205 through the conveying interface 3, along with a certain amount of water. Then, the centrifugal separator 201 is repeatedly rotated along a rotating disk 4 to ensure thorough contact and mixing of the reaction liquid and water for water washing. Substances are separated by water dissolution and extraction. The centrifugal separator 201 then rotates at high speed along the rotating disk 4 for centrifugal separation. After centrifugal separation, the centrifugal separator 201 remains vertical, with the heavy phase liquid chamber 205 at the bottom. At this point, the light and heavy phase liquids are located in the light phase liquid chamber 203 and the heavy phase liquid chamber 205, respectively. The oil-water interface between the light and heavy phase liquids is located at the junction of multiple unit connecting pipes 5 and spacers in the gravity separation chamber 204. In the separation tube 802, and because the diameters of the unit connecting tube 5 and the spacer separation tube 802 are much smaller than those of the centrifugal separator 201, the contact area between the two phases forms a liquid column region of a certain height. By adjusting the volume and proportion of liquid added, this liquid column region can be controlled to be completely located in the spacer separation tube 802. Then, the spacer sealing frame 8 drives the spacer separation tube 802 to rotate synchronously until it is interlocked with the unit connecting tube 5, so as to isolate and separate the two-phase contact area in the unit connecting tube 5 and discharge it, thereby separating the tiny emulsified particles and suspended impurities in the two-phase contact area, and isolating the light phase liquid and the heavy phase liquid on the upper and lower sides. After the heavy phase liquid separated in the heavy phase liquid tank 205 is discharged through the conveying interface 3, the spacer sealing frame 8 drives the spacer separation tube 802 to rotate synchronously until it is aligned with the unit connecting tube 5, so as to reconnect the spacer separation tube 802 and the unit connecting tube 5. The light phase liquid is conveyed downward to the heavy phase liquid tank 205 and discharged through the conveying interface 3, thereby completing the water washing and separation of the reaction liquid.

[0053] The efficient water washing and separation device for toluene nitration reaction liquid provided by this invention separates the reaction liquid through a centrifugal separator 201. The centrifugal separator 201 is divided into three parts by two spacer separation plates 202: a light phase liquid chamber 203, a gravity separation chamber 204, and a heavy phase liquid chamber 205. After centrifugal separation by rotating along the rotating disk 4, the light phase liquid and the heavy phase liquid are respectively located in the light phase liquid chamber 203 and the heavy phase liquid chamber 205. The oil-water interface between the light phase liquid and the heavy phase liquid is located in multiple unit connecting pipes 5 of the gravity separation chamber 204, that is, in the spacer separation pipes 802 connected in the middle of the unit connecting pipes 5. Since the diameters of the connecting pipe 5 and the spacer separation pipe 802 are much smaller than those of the centrifugal separator 201, the contact area between the two phases forms a liquid column region of a certain height. Then, the spacer sealing frame 8 can drive the spacer separation pipe 802 to rotate synchronously until it interlocks with the unit connecting pipe 5, so as to isolate and separate the two-phase contact area in the unit connecting pipe 5 and discharge it, and isolate the light phase liquid and the heavy phase liquid on the upper and lower sides. Then, the spacer separation pipe 802 and the unit connecting pipe 5 are reconnected after the heavy phase liquid to discharge the light phase liquid. In this way, the tiny emulsified particles and suspended impurities in the two-phase contact area can be separated and removed, which is beneficial for more precise processing and separation of the reaction liquid.

[0054] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the invention is limited to these examples; within the framework of the invention, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity. Any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the invention should be included within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency water washing and separation device for toluene nitration reaction liquid, comprising a fixed support frame (1), wherein a centrifugal separator (2) is connected to the inner side of the fixed support frame (1), characterized in that, Also includes: A centrifugal separator (201) is located in the middle of the centrifugal separator frame (2). Two spacer plates (202) are arranged parallel to each other in the middle of the centrifugal separator (201). The two spacer plates (202) divide the centrifugal separator (201) into three parts from top to bottom: a light phase liquid tank (203), a gravity separation tank (204), and a heavy phase liquid tank (205). A conveying interface (3) is connected to the bottom middle of the heavy phase liquid tank (205). An elastic air bladder (206) is arranged around the bottom of the heavy phase liquid tank (205). A gas supply pipe (207) is connected to the outside of the elastic air bladder (206). A rotating turntable (4) is symmetrically connected to the top left and right sides of the centrifugal separator (201), and the centrifugal separator (201) is rotatably connected to the fixed support frame (1) through the rotating turntable (4); Unit connecting pipe (5), multiple unit connecting pipes (5) are evenly arranged and connected in the middle of the gravity separation chamber (204). The upper and lower ends of each unit connecting pipe (5) are respectively connected to the light phase liquid chamber (203) and the heavy phase liquid chamber (205). A central fitting groove (501) is provided in the middle of the unit connecting pipe (5). The upper and lower parts of the unit connecting pipe (5) are separated from each other by the central fitting groove (501). A connecting interface (502) is provided at the end of the unit connecting pipe (5) near the central fitting groove (501). The spacer enclosure (8) is fitted and rotated in the middle of the central fitting groove (501). Spacer enclosure plates (801) are symmetrically and parallelly arranged on the upper and lower sides of the spacer enclosure (8). Multiple spacer separation tubes (802) are evenly arranged in the middle of the spacer enclosure (8). The spacer separation tubes (802) are arranged one-to-one with the unit connecting tubes (5). The upper and lower ends of the spacer separation tubes (802) are respectively provided with separation interfaces (803) through the spacer enclosure plates (801) on the upper and lower sides. When the interval sealing frame (8) drives the interval separation tube (802) to rotate synchronously until it is aligned with the unit connecting tube (5), the interval separation tube (802) is connected to the unit connecting tube (5) through the separation interface (803) and the connecting interface (502). At this time, the upper and lower parts of the unit connecting tube (5) are connected to each other through the corresponding interval separation tube (802). When the interval sealing frame (8) drives the interval separation tube (802) to rotate synchronously until it is misaligned with the unit connecting tube (5), the connecting interface (502) of the unit connecting tube (5) is kept closed by the interval sealing plate (801).

2. The high-efficiency water washing and separation device for toluene nitration reaction liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed support frame (1) has an annular outer shell (101) in the middle, and a closed separation chamber (102) is provided inside the annular outer shell (101). The centrifugal separator (2) is located inside the closed separation chamber (102). A raw material input pipe (103) is connected to the top of the closed separation chamber (102). Two separation output pipes (104) are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the closed separation chamber (102). A conveying connector (105) is connected to the inner end of both the raw material input pipe (103) and the separation output pipe (104). The conveying connector (105) is correspondingly arranged with the conveying interface (3). A switch valve (109) is connected to the outer end of both the raw material input pipe (103) and the separation output pipe (104).

3. The high-efficiency water washing and separation device for toluene nitration reaction liquid according to claim 2, characterized in that, A one-way output valve (301) is provided in the middle of the conveying interface (3). The conveying direction of the one-way output valve (301) is from the conveying interface (3) to the interior of the heavy phase liquid tank (205). A conical interface (302) is provided in the middle of the one-way output valve (301). A conical sealing plug (303) is fitted and slidably provided on the inner side of the conical interface (302). A sealing spring (304) is connected above the conical sealing plug (303).

4. The high-efficiency water washing and separation device for toluene nitration reaction liquid according to claim 3, characterized in that, A connecting sleeve (106) is nested and slidably arranged inside the conveying joint (105). A central push rod (107) is fixedly connected in the middle of the connecting sleeve (106). The central push rod (107) and the conical sealing plug (303) are arranged correspondingly to each other. A hydraulic telescopic rod (108) is connected in the middle of the outer wall of the connecting sleeve (106). The two ends of the hydraulic telescopic rod (108) are fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve (106) and the conveying joint (105) respectively.

5. The high-efficiency water washing and separation device for toluene nitration reaction liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple cleaning connection pipes (6) are provided above the partition enclosure (8). A cleaning interface (601) is provided at one end of the cleaning connection pipe (6) near the partition enclosure (8). The cleaning connection pipe (6) and the partition separation pipe (802) are arranged in a corresponding manner. A water washing connection pipe (602) is connected to the outer end of the cleaning connection pipe (6). When the partition enclosure (8) drives the partition separation pipe (802) to rotate synchronously until it is misaligned with the unit connecting pipe (5), the cleaning connection pipe (6) and the partition separation pipe (802) are aligned with each other. The cleaning connection pipe (6) is connected to the partition separation pipe (802) through the cleaning interface (601) and the separation interface (803).

6. The high-efficiency water washing and separation device for toluene nitration reaction liquid according to claim 5, characterized in that, Multiple separate drain pipes (7) are arranged above the partition enclosure (8). Each separate drain pipe (7) has a drain port (701) at one end near the partition enclosure (8). The separate drain pipes (7) and partition separation pipes (802) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence. Each separate drain pipe (7) and cleaning connection pipe (6) are also arranged in a one-to-one correspondence. A drain conveying pipe (702) is connected to the outer end of each separate drain pipe (7). The partition enclosure (8) drives the partition separation pipes (802) synchronously. When rotated to interlock with the unit connecting pipe (5), the cleaning connecting pipe (6) and the interval separation pipe (802) are aligned with each other, and the separation drain pipe (7) and the interval separation pipe (802) are aligned with each other. The separation drain pipe (7) is connected to the interval separation pipe (802) through the drain port (701) and the separation port (803). The separation drain pipe (7) and the cleaning connecting pipe (6) located on the same straight line on both the upper and lower sides are connected to each other through the corresponding interval separation pipe (802).

7. The high-efficiency water washing and separation device for toluene nitration reaction liquid according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer end of the water washing connecting pipe (602) is connected to a cleaning conveying pipe (603), and the outer end of the sewage conveying pipe (702) is connected to a fixed sewage pipe (703). The cleaning conveying pipe (603) and the fixed sewage pipe (703) are respectively fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the fixed support frame (1). A rotary joint (605) is provided between the water washing connecting pipe (602) and the cleaning conveying pipe (603). The water washing connecting pipe (602) is rotatably connected to the cleaning conveying pipe (603) through the rotary joint (605). A rotary joint (605) is also provided between the sewage conveying pipe (702) and the fixed sewage pipe (703). The sewage conveying pipe (702) is rotatably connected to the fixed sewage pipe (703) through the rotary joint (605). The axial center line of the rotary joint (605) and the axial center line of the rotating turntable (4) are on the same straight line.

8. The high-efficiency water washing and separation device for toluene nitration reaction liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that, A counterweight guide frame (9) is connected above the centrifuge separator (2). A counterweight tank (905) is connected in the middle of the counterweight guide frame (9). An inlet valve (906) and a drain valve (907) are respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of the counterweight tank (905). A connecting hose (908) is connected to the outer ends of the inlet valve (906) and the drain valve (907). The inlet valve (906) is connected to the water washing connecting pipe (602) through the connecting hose (908). The drain valve (907) is connected to the sewage conveying pipe (702) through the connecting hose (908). A flow meter (909) is also connected between the inlet valve (906) and the connecting hose (908).

9. The high-efficiency water washing and separation device for toluene nitration reaction liquid according to claim 8, characterized in that, A sliding connecting frame (903) is connected to the outer side wall of the counterweight tank (905). The counterweight tank (905) is slidably connected to the counterweight guide frame (9) through the sliding connecting frame (903). An adjusting screw sleeve (904) is provided in the middle of the sliding connecting frame (903). An adjusting screw (901) is nested and connected to the inner side of the adjusting screw sleeve (904). An adjusting motor (902) is connected to the shaft end of the adjusting screw (901). The adjusting motor (902) is fixedly connected to the counterweight guide frame (9).

10. A separation method using the high-efficiency water washing and separation device for toluene nitration reaction liquid according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The apparatus separates the reaction liquid using a centrifugal separator (201). The centrifugal separator (201) is divided into three parts by two spacer plates (202): a light phase liquid chamber (203), a gravity separation chamber (204), and a heavy phase liquid chamber (205). During water washing separation, the toluene nitration reaction liquid to be separated is first fed into the heavy phase liquid chamber (205) through the conveying interface (3), along with a certain amount of water. Then, the centrifugal separator (201) is repeatedly rotated along the rotating disc (4) to ensure thorough contact and mixing of the reaction liquid with the water for water washing. The substances are separated by water dissolution and extraction. Then, the centrifuge tank (201) rotates at high speed along the rotating disk (4) for centrifugal separation. After centrifugal separation, the centrifuge tank (201) is kept vertical, with the heavy phase liquid tank (205) located on the lower side. At this time, the light phase liquid and the heavy phase liquid are located in the light phase liquid tank (203) and the heavy phase liquid tank (205) respectively. The oil-water interface between the light phase liquid and the heavy phase liquid is located in the multiple unit connecting pipes (5) and the spacer separation pipes (802) of the gravity separation tank (204). Since the diameter of the unit connecting pipes (5) and the spacer separation pipes (802) is much smaller than that of the centrifuge tank, the separation process is carried out in a series of steps. The separation tank (201) forms a liquid column region of a certain height in the contact area between the two phases. Gas is pumped into the elastic gas bag (206) to make the elastic gas bag (206) expand as a whole, reducing the volume of the heavy phase liquid tank (205) and raising the overall liquid level. By controlling the volume and ratio of liquid added, this liquid column region can be controlled to be completely located in the spacer separation tube (802). Then, the spacer sealing frame (8) drives the spacer separation tube (802) to rotate synchronously until it is interlocked with the unit connecting tube (5) to isolate and separate the two-phase contact area in the unit connecting tube (5) and discharge it, so as to separate the two phases. Tiny emulsified particles and suspended impurities in the two-phase contact area, and the light and heavy phase liquids on the upper and lower sides are isolated. After the heavy phase liquid separated in the heavy phase liquid tank (205) is discharged through the conveying interface (3), the spacer sealing frame (8) drives the spacer separation tube (802) to rotate synchronously until it is aligned with the unit connecting tube (5) to reconnect the spacer separation tube (802) and the unit connecting tube (5). The light phase liquid is conveyed downward to the heavy phase liquid tank (205) and discharged through the conveying interface (3). This can avoid the final separated liquid from having trace components of the opposite phase, thereby completing the water washing and separation of the reaction liquid.

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