An asymmetric cross forging apparatus and method

Abstract

The application provides a non-symmetrical cross-shaped forging manufacturing device and method, relates to the field of forging technology, and relates to the field of forging technology. The non-symmetrical cross-shaped forging manufacturing device comprises a forging press, a walking table, a rotary table and a special opening accessory. The walking table is movably arranged below the forging press. The special opening accessory comprises an upper opening anvil and a lower opening anvil. The upper opening anvil is detachably connected to the movable end of the forging press. The lower opening anvil and the rotary table are arranged on the walking table. The non-symmetrical cross-shaped forging manufacturing device can realize one-time forming in forging, improves the production efficiency, reduces the energy consumption of forging and reduces the labor intensity of the forgers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of forging technology, and more specifically, to an apparatus and method for manufacturing asymmetric cross forgings. Background Technology

[0002] Cross forgings, produced by press forging, achieve excellent mechanical properties and structural strength, making them suitable for various industrial applications. Asymmetric cross forgings are crucial components of closed pressure vessels, and forging manufacturers typically employ a combination of free forging and die forging techniques in their production.

[0003] However, the above forging method requires multiple forging processes, which has problems such as complicated forging methods, high energy consumption, and increased labor intensity for forging workers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The problem this invention aims to solve is: how to reduce energy consumption in forging and alleviate the labor intensity of forging workers.

[0005] The present invention provides an asymmetric cross forging manufacturing apparatus, comprising: a forging press, a walkway, a rotary table, and a special opening fixture. The walkway is movably disposed below the forging press. The special opening fixture includes an upper opening anvil and a lower opening anvil. The upper opening anvil is detachably connected to the movable end of the forging press. The lower opening anvil and the rotary table are disposed at intervals on the walkway.

[0006] The present invention provides an asymmetric cross forging manufacturing apparatus, which, compared with the prior art, has, but is not limited to, the following beneficial effects:

[0007] The asymmetric cross forging manufacturing apparatus of the present invention involves placing a steel ingot billet in a heating furnace before forging. The billet is heated at a preset temperature (e.g., 1250°C) for 10 to 13 hours. After heating, the billet is placed vertically on a rotary table on a walkway. The billet is then upset as a whole by a forging press. To prevent the core of the billet from axially collapsing at the sprue end during forging, the upper anvil of a special opening fixture is installed on the movable end of the forging press. The upper anvil is used to spin the sprue end of the billet. For each rotation of the forging press, the rotary table rotates 15°. After the above processing is completed, the walkway is moved so that the lower anvil of the special opening fixture is directly below the upper anvil. The billet is then placed horizontally on the lower anvil. Finally, the billet is compacted and formed by the forging press and the special opening fixture. The asymmetric cross forging manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, compared with the prior art, can achieve one-time forging, improve production efficiency, reduce energy consumption in forging, and reduce the labor intensity of forging workers.

[0008] Optionally, the upper open anvil is in the shape of a rectangular block structure, and a first cavity is provided on the upper open anvil. The bottom surface of the first cavity that contacts the steel ingot billet is provided with a certain draft angle.

[0009] Optionally, the upper open anvil is provided with a dovetail tenon structure on the end face away from the first cavity, and the movable end of the forging press is provided with a mortise and tenon structure adapted to the dovetail tenon structure. The upper open anvil is used to connect to the mortise and tenon structure on the movable end of the forging press through the dovetail tenon structure.

[0010] Optionally, the lower opening anvil is in the shape of a rectangular block structure, and a second cavity is provided on the lower opening anvil. The bottom surface of the second cavity that contacts the steel ingot billet is provided with a certain draft angle.

[0011] Optionally, lifting holes are provided on the side walls of the upper and lower anvils.

[0012] In addition, the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing an asymmetric cross forging, based on the asymmetric cross forging manufacturing apparatus as described above, the method comprising:

[0013] The steel ingot billet is placed in a heating furnace and heated to a preset temperature.

[0014] The upper opening anvil of the special opening fixture is installed on the movable end of the forging press. The steel ingot billet, which has been heated by heat preservation, is placed vertically on the rotary table, and the steel ingot billet is upsetting as a whole by the forging press.

[0015] The steel ingot billet is placed horizontally on the lower anvil of the special opening fixture, and the platform is moved so that the lower anvil of the special opening fixture is directly below the upper anvil.

[0016] The steel ingot blank is compacted and formed using the forging press and the special opening fixture.

[0017] The asymmetric cross forging manufacturing method of this invention first places a steel ingot billet into a heating furnace and heats it at a preset temperature (e.g., 1250°C) for 10 to 13 hours. The upper anvil of a special forging fixture is then installed on the movable end of a forging press. After heating, the steel ingot billet is placed vertically on a rotary table, and then upsetting is performed on the billet as a whole by the forging press. After the above processing is completed, the steel ingot billet is placed horizontally on the lower anvil of the special forging fixture. The table is moved so that the lower anvil is directly below the upper anvil. Finally, the steel ingot billet is compacted and formed by the forging press and the special forging fixture. Compared with the prior art, the asymmetric cross forging manufacturing apparatus of this invention can achieve one-time forging, improving production efficiency while reducing energy consumption and labor intensity of forging workers.

[0018] Optionally, the compaction and forming of the steel ingot billet using the special opening fixture includes:

[0019] The first forging process includes:

[0020] The first hammer blow is a full anvil blow, with a single pass reduction of 40mm to 60mm. The subsequent ingot billet feed is half anvil feed.

[0021] The steel ingot blank is pressed to half the cavity depth of the upper anvil and then stopped.

[0022] Optionally, the compaction and molding of the steel ingot billet using the special opening fixture further includes:

[0023] The second forging process includes:

[0024] After the first forging pass is completed, the steel ingot billet is rotated 90° in a vertical plane and forged with a small reduction until the steel ingot billet fills the cavity of the upper anvil.

[0025] Optionally, the compaction and molding of the steel ingot billet using the special opening fixture further includes:

[0026] The third forging process includes:

[0027] After the second forging is completed, the steel ingot billet is rotated 90° in a vertical plane and forged with a small reduction until the steel ingot billet is finished to meet the design requirements.

[0028] Optionally, after placing the heated steel ingot blank vertically on a rotary table and upsetting the steel ingot blank as a whole using a forging press, the method for manufacturing the asymmetric cross forging further includes:

[0029] The steel ingot billet is spun using the upper open anvil, wherein the upper open anvil spins the steel ingot billet down one revolution, and the rotary table rotates 15° each time. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the asymmetric cross forging manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of forging steel ingot billets using a special opening fixture according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of forging steel ingot billets using a special opening fixture according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of forging steel ingot billets using a special opening fixture according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 ;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of forging steel ingot billets using a special opening fixture according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 ;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of forging steel ingot billets using a special opening fixture according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 ;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of an embodiment of the asymmetric cross forging manufacturing method of the present invention.

[0037] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0038] 1. Forging press; 2. Walking table; 3. Upper open anvil; 31. First cavity; 32. Dovetail tenon structure; 4. Lower open anvil; 41. Second cavity; 5. Steel ingot billet. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] In the description of this invention, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "up," "down," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "front," "back," "inner," and "outer" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are used only for the convenience of describing this invention. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the device referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0041] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0042] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "embodiment," "one embodiment," and "one implementation" indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or implementation is included in at least one embodiment or implementation of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or implementation. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or implementations.

[0043] Furthermore, in the attached diagram, the Z-axis represents the vertical direction, that is, the up and down position, and the positive direction of the Z-axis (that is, the direction the arrow of the Z-axis points) represents up, and the negative direction of the Z-axis (that is, the direction opposite to the positive direction of the Z-axis) represents down.

[0044] It should also be noted that the aforementioned Z-axis designation is only for the purpose of facilitating and simplifying the description of the present invention, and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the asymmetric cross forging manufacturing apparatus of this invention includes: a forging press 1, a walkway 2, a rotary table, and a special opening fixture. The walkway 2 is movably disposed below the forging press 1. The special opening fixture includes an upper opening anvil 3 and a lower opening anvil 4. The upper opening anvil 3 is detachably connected to the movable end of the forging press 1. The lower opening anvil 4 and the rotary table are spaced apart on the walkway 2.

[0046] In this embodiment, in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1As shown, before forging the forging using this device, the steel ingot billet 5 is placed in a heating furnace and heated at a preset temperature (e.g., 1250℃) for 10 to 13 hours. The upper anvil 3 of the special opening fixture is installed on the movable end of the forging press 1. After being heated, the steel ingot billet 5 is placed vertically on the rotary table of the walkway. Then, the steel ingot billet 5 is upsetting as a whole by the forging press 1. After the above processing is completed, in order to prevent the core of the sprue end of the steel ingot billet 5 from being concave inward during the forging process, the sprue end of the steel ingot billet needs to be spun by the upper anvil 3 of the forging press 1. Each time the upper anvil 3 of the forging press 1 presses down on the steel ingot billet 5, the rotary table rotates 15° accordingly. Then, the steel ingot billet is placed horizontally on the lower anvil 4. Then, the walkway 2 is moved so that the lower anvil 4 of the special opening fixture is directly below the upper anvil 3 (see attached diagram). Figure 1 (In the opposite direction of the Z-axis), the steel ingot billet 5 is finally compacted and formed by the forging press 1 and a special opening fixture. Compared with the prior art, the asymmetric cross forging manufacturing device of the present invention can realize one-time forging, improve production efficiency, reduce energy consumption in forging, and reduce the labor intensity of forging workers.

[0047] Optionally, the upper open anvil 3 is in the shape of a rectangular block structure, and a first cavity 31 is provided on the upper open anvil 3. The bottom surface of the first cavity 31 that contacts the steel ingot billet 5 is provided with a certain draft angle.

[0048] In this embodiment, in conjunction with the appendix Figure 2 As shown, the upper anvil 3 has a rectangular block shape, and a first cavity 31 is formed on the end face of the upper anvil 3 facing the lower anvil 4. A certain draft angle is provided on the bottom surface of the first cavity 31 to prevent the steel ingot billet 5 from getting stuck with the upper anvil 3. The design of the draft angle can prevent the steel ingot billet 5 from getting stuck with the upper anvil 3 during the forging and drawing process, thus avoiding the restriction of production efficiency. It should be noted that the first cavity 31 can be understood as a groove structure formed on the upper anvil 3, wherein the bottom surface of the first cavity 31 is the groove bottom surface of the groove structure.

[0049] Optionally, the upper open anvil 3 is provided with a dovetail tenon structure 32 on the end face opposite to the first cavity 31, and the movable end of the forging press 1 is provided with a tenon groove structure adapted to the dovetail tenon structure 32. The upper open anvil 3 is used to connect to the tenon groove structure of the movable end of the forging press 1 through the dovetail tenon structure 32.

[0050] In this embodiment, in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 and attached Figure 2As shown, a dovetail tenon structure 32 is provided on the end face of the upper open anvil 3 facing away from the first cavity 31, and a tenon groove structure adapted to the dovetail tenon structure 32 is provided on the movable end of the forging press 1. In this way, the upper open anvil 3 can be connected to the tenon groove structure on the movable end of the forging press 1 through the dovetail tenon structure 32 thereon.

[0051] Optionally, the lower opening anvil 4 is in the shape of a rectangular block structure, and a second cavity 41 is provided on the lower opening anvil 4. The bottom surface of the second cavity 41 that contacts the steel ingot billet 5 is provided with a certain draft angle.

[0052] In this embodiment, in conjunction with the appendix Figure 2 As shown, the lower anvil 4 has a rectangular block shape, and a second cavity 41 is formed on the end face of the lower anvil 4 facing the upper anvil 3. A draft angle is provided on the bottom surface of the second cavity 41 to prevent the steel ingot billet 5 from getting stuck with the lower anvil 4. The draft angle design avoids the steel ingot billet 5 from seizing with the lower anvil 4 during the forging and drawing process, thus preventing production efficiency from being restricted. It should be noted that the second cavity 41 can be understood as a groove structure formed on the upper and lower anvils 4, where the bottom surface of the second cavity 41 is the bottom surface of the groove structure.

[0053] Optionally, lifting holes are provided on the side walls of the upper open anvil 3 and the lower open anvil 4 respectively.

[0054] In addition, the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing an asymmetric cross forging, based on the asymmetric cross forging manufacturing apparatus as described above, the method comprising:

[0055] Step S1: Place the steel ingot billet 5 into the heating furnace and heat it at a preset temperature.

[0056] Step S2: Install the upper opening anvil 3 of the special opening fixture on the movable end of the forging press 1, place the steel ingot billet 5 after heat preservation and heating on the rotary table in the vertical direction, and perform overall upsetting on the steel ingot billet 5 by the forging press 1.

[0057] Step S3: Place the steel ingot billet 5 horizontally on the lower anvil 4 of the special opening fixture, and move the platform 2 so that the lower anvil 4 of the special opening fixture is directly below the upper anvil 3.

[0058] Step S4: The steel ingot billet 5 is compacted and formed using the forging press 1 and the special opening fixture.

[0059] In this embodiment, in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 and attached Figure 7As shown, the steel ingot billet 5 is first placed in a heating furnace and heated at a preset temperature (preferably 1240℃-1260℃) for 10 to 13 hours. The upper anvil 3 of the special anvil attachment is then installed on the movable end of the forging press 1. After heating, the steel ingot billet 5 is moved vertically (attached...) Figure 1 The steel ingot billet 5 (in the Z-axis direction) is placed on a rotary table (it can be picked up using a clamp, i.e., the steel ingot billet 5 is placed on the rotary table using a clamp), and then the steel ingot billet 5 is upset as a whole by the forging press 1. After the above processing is completed, the steel ingot billet 5 is placed horizontally on the lower anvil 4 of the special opening fixture, and then the walkway 2 is moved so that the lower anvil 4 of the special opening fixture is directly below the upper anvil 3. Finally, the steel ingot billet 5 is compacted and formed by the forging press 1 and the special opening fixture. Compared with the prior art, the asymmetric cross forging manufacturing device of the present invention can realize one-time forging, improve production efficiency, and at the same time reduce the energy consumption of forging and reduce the labor intensity of forging workers.

[0060] It should be noted that in step S2, before upsetting the steel ingot billet 5 using the forging press 1, a flat cover plate can be placed on the upper end (sprue end) of the steel ingot billet 5 to ensure even stress distribution. The upsetting ratio of the steel ingot billet 5 (original height of the steel ingot billet 5 / height of the steel ingot billet 5 after upsetting) should be controlled above 1.4. Additionally, before forging, the bottom of the steel ingot billet 5 is cut with gas gas.

[0061] Optionally, the step of compacting the steel ingot billet 5 using the special opening fixture includes:

[0062] The first forging process includes:

[0063] The first hammer blow is a full anvil blow, with a single pass reduction of 40mm to 60mm. The subsequent ingot billet feed is half anvil feed.

[0064] The steel ingot billet 5 is pressed to half the depth of the first cavity 31 of the upper anvil 3 and then stopped.

[0065] In this embodiment, in conjunction with the appendix Figures 2 to 4 As shown, attached Figure 2 For the forging press 1, the upper open anvil 3 is in a state of just-contact with the steel ingot billet 5. The first hammer of the first forging is fully placed on the anvil, and the single-pass reduction is 40mm to 60mm (see attached). Figure 3 (As shown) Forging marks are made, and subsequent billet feed is half anvil feed, i.e., the anvil width ratio is 2 (anvil width of the special opening fixture / billet feed). For the first pass, a small reduction is used for forging marks. The billet is pressed to half the depth of the first cavity 31 of the upper opening anvil 3 and then stopped (see attached). Figure 4(As shown). By using a suitable anvil width ratio, namely the anvil width of the special open attachment and the billet feed amount, an appropriate reduction amount and anvil placement method, the forming of a cross forging in one pass can be achieved.

[0066] Optionally, the step of compacting the steel ingot billet 5 using the special opening fixture further includes:

[0067] The second forging process includes:

[0068] After the first forging pass is completed, the steel ingot billet 5 is rotated 90° in a vertical plane and forged with a small reduction until the steel ingot billet 5 fills the first cavity 31 of the upper anvil 3.

[0069] In this embodiment, in conjunction with the appendix Figure 5 and attached Figure 6 As shown, after the first forging pass, the steel ingot billet 5 is rotated 90° in a vertical plane (see attached diagram). Figure 5 As shown), the two horizontally positioned protruding ends of the cross-shaped steel ingot billet 5 are changed to vertical positions, and the two vertically positioned protruding ends are changed to horizontal positions. Then, a second forging is performed, forging the adjacent ear on the second side using a small reduction, until the steel ingot billet 5 fills the first cavity 31 of the upper-opening anvil 3, and then the forging stops. (See attached diagram) Figure 6 (As shown).

[0070] Optionally, the step of compacting the steel ingot billet 5 using the special opening fixture further includes:

[0071] The third forging process includes:

[0072] After the second forging is completed, the steel ingot billet 5 is rotated 90° in a vertical plane and forged with a small reduction until the steel ingot billet 5 is finished to meet the design requirements.

[0073] In this embodiment, after the second forging is completed, the dimensions of the forged part may differ from the design dimensions. At this time, the steel ingot billet 5 can be rotated 90° so that the horizontal and vertical protruding ends in the cross shape of the steel ingot billet 5 can be interchanged again. Then, forging is continued with a small reduction until the steel ingot billet 5 is finished to meet the design requirements.

[0074] Optionally, after placing the heated steel ingot billet 5 vertically on a rotary table and upsetting the steel ingot billet 5 as a whole using a forging press 1, the asymmetric cross forging manufacturing method further includes:

[0075] The steel ingot billet 5 is spun using the upper open anvil 3, wherein the upper open anvil 3 spins the steel ingot billet 5 down one revolution, and the rotary table rotates 15° each time.

[0076] In this embodiment, after the steel ingot billet 5 is upset as a whole, in order to prevent the core of the steel ingot billet 5 from being concave inward during the forging process, the sprue end of the steel ingot billet can be spun by the forging press 1. Specifically, an upper open anvil 3 can be installed on the movable end of the forging press 1, and the sprue end of the steel ingot billet 5 can be spun by the upper open anvil 3. When the forging press 1 presses down on the steel ingot billet 5 once, the rotary table rotates 15° each time, and the pressing amount can be controlled between 180mm and 220mm.

[0077] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature.

[0078] While the present invention has been disclosed above, its scope of protection is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing an asymmetric cross forging, based on an asymmetric cross forging manufacturing apparatus, characterized in that, The asymmetric cross forging manufacturing apparatus includes: a forging press (1), a walkway (2), a rotary table, and a special opening fixture. The walkway (2) is movably disposed below the forging press (1). The special opening fixture includes an upper opening anvil (3) and a lower opening anvil (4). The upper opening anvil (3) is detachably connected to the movable end of the forging press (1). The lower opening anvil (4) and the rotary table are spaced apart on the walkway (2). Lifting holes are respectively provided on the side walls of the upper opening anvil (3) and the lower opening anvil (4). The method for manufacturing the asymmetric cross forging includes: The steel ingot billet (5) is placed in a heating furnace and heated to a preset temperature; Install the upper opening anvil (3) of the special opening fixture on the movable end of the forging press (1), place the steel ingot billet (5) after heat preservation and heating on the rotary table in the vertical direction, and perform overall upsetting on the steel ingot billet (5) by the forging press (1); The steel ingot billet (5) is spun using the upper open anvil (3), wherein the upper open anvil (3) spins the steel ingot billet (5) down one revolution, and the rotary table rotates 15° each time. The steel ingot billet (5) is placed horizontally on the lower opening anvil (4) of the special opening fixture, and the platform (2) is moved so that the lower opening anvil (4) of the special opening fixture is located directly below the upper opening anvil (3). The steel ingot blank (5) is compacted and formed using the forging press (1) and the special opening fixture; The process of compacting the steel ingot blank (5) using the special opening fixture includes: a first forging pass, a second forging pass, and a third forging pass; The first forging process includes: The first hammer is a full hammer with the anvil, and the single pass pressing amount is 40mm to 60mm. The subsequent steel ingot billet (5) feed amount is half anvil feed. The steel ingot billet (5) is pressed to half the depth of the first cavity (31) of the upper anvil (3) and then stopped; The second forging process includes: After the first forging is completed, the steel ingot billet (5) is rotated 90° in the vertical plane and forged with a small reduction until the steel ingot billet (5) fills the first cavity (31) of the upper open anvil (3). The third forging process includes: After the second forging is completed, the steel ingot billet (5) is rotated 90° in the vertical plane and forged with a small reduction until the steel ingot billet (5) is finished to meet the design requirements.

2. The method for manufacturing asymmetric cross forgings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper opening anvil (3) is in the shape of a rectangular block structure. The upper opening anvil (3) has a first cavity (31) on it. The bottom surface of the first cavity (31) that is in contact with the steel ingot blank (5) is provided with a certain draft angle.

3. The method for manufacturing asymmetric cross forgings according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper open anvil (3) is provided with a dovetail tenon structure (32) on the end face away from the first cavity (31), and the movable end of the forging press (1) is provided with a tenon groove structure that is compatible with the dovetail tenon structure (32). The upper open anvil (3) is used to connect to the tenon groove structure on the movable end of the forging press (1) through the dovetail tenon structure (32).

4. The method for manufacturing asymmetric cross forgings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower opening anvil (4) is in the shape of a rectangular block structure. A second cavity (41) is provided on the lower opening anvil (4). The bottom surface of the second cavity (41) that is in contact with the steel ingot billet (5) is provided with a certain draft angle.

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