A high-ductility solid wire and a method of making the same

Abstract

This invention discloses a high-crack-resistant solid welding wire and its preparation method, relating to the field of welding wire technology. The invention first involves adding titanium nitride and titanium oxide and their adsorbates to a welding wire substrate, drawing the wire, and then subjecting it to electron beam irradiation to obtain a high-crack-resistant solid welding wire. Firstly, under ultraviolet light irradiation, titanium oxide adsorbs copper, lead, and nickel, enabling it to capture free hydrogen atoms during welding, reducing the generation of hydrogen-induced cracks. Secondly, the welding wire substrate and alloy are melt-blended, drawn, and then subjected to electron beam irradiation to obtain a high-crack-resistant solid welding wire. High temperatures disrupt the coating structure of titanium oxide, allowing the surface metal elements to form a tight bond with titanium atoms, which helps reduce the generation of defects such as cracks. Electron beam irradiation can form nano-precipitates in the welding wire, while the added alloy promotes the formation of acicular ferrite, effectively preventing crack propagation and achieving high crack resistance in the welding wire. The high-crack-resistant solid welding wire prepared by this invention exhibits high crack resistance and high strength.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of welding wire technology, specifically to a high crack-resistant solid welding wire and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] As domestic and international engineering machinery, coal mining machinery, marine engineering equipment, and hydropower equipment develop towards higher quality, higher strength, higher toughness, larger size, and lighter weight, welding metal materials are expanding from traditional carbon steel and low-alloy steel to high-strength, fine-grained alloys. Welding wire is a welding material that serves as filler metal or simultaneously as a conductive electrode. In gas welding and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, the welding wire is used as filler metal; in submerged arc welding, electroslag welding, and other gas metal arc welding, the welding wire is both filler metal and a conductive electrode. Currently, the variety of welding wires is limited, far from meeting the growing demand for shielded welding of steel plates.

[0003] During welding, cracks can easily form in the weld area due to various factors such as material thermal stress, differences in chemical composition, and improper welding techniques. For welding certain special materials, traditional welding wires may be insufficient to meet their crack resistance requirements. In the welding of critical structures (such as bridges and pressure vessels), the crack resistance of the weld is directly related to the safety and stability of the structure.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention provides a high crack-resistant solid welding wire and its preparation method, which has the effects of high crack resistance and high strength. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high crack resistance solid welding wire and its preparation method, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high crack resistance solid welding wire, which is made by adding titanium nitride and titanium oxide and their adsorbates to the welding wire substrate, melting and drawing the wire, and then subjecting it to electron beam irradiation.

[0007] Furthermore, the titanium dioxide and its adsorbents are prepared by adding a solution containing copper, lead, and nickel metal ions to a titanium dioxide solution under ultraviolet light irradiation and then drying it.

[0008] Furthermore, the solution containing copper, lead, and nickel metal ions is a copper sulfate solution, a lead acetate solution, and a nickel sulfate solution.

[0009] Furthermore, a method for preparing a crack-resistant solid welding wire includes the following preparation steps:

[0010] (1) Mix titanium dioxide and water at a mass ratio of 1.5 to 2:10, stir at 400 to 600 r / min for 1 to 3 hours, add titanium nitride at 1 to 1.5 times the mass of titanium dioxide, stir at 600 to 700 r / min for 3 to 5 hours, and disperse with a 22KW high-speed disperser for 3 to 5 hours to obtain a titanium nitride-titanium dioxide suspension;

[0011] (2) Copper sulfate solution, lead acetate solution, nickel sulfate solution and titanium nitride-titanium dioxide suspension are mixed in a mass ratio of 0.3-0.5:0.3-0.5:0.3-0.5:1, stirred at 600-700 r / min for 1-2 h, irradiated under ultraviolet light for 6-10 h, filtered to obtain solid, and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 100-120℃ and 50-60 kPa for 2-3 h to obtain titanium nitride and titanium oxide and their adsorbates;

[0012] (3) Titanium nitride and titanium oxide and their adsorbates and welding wire substrate are mixed in a mass ratio of 0.5 to 0.8:10 and then melted together. After being smelted in a vacuum induction furnace, forged, hot rolled, drawn, annealed and wound, and then irradiated with an electron beam, a solid welding wire with high crack resistance can be obtained.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (1), the particle size of titanium dioxide is 50-80 nm, and the particle size of titanium nitride is 50-80 nm.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (2), the copper sulfate solution is an aqueous solution of copper sulfate with a concentration of 40-60 g / L, the lead acetate solution is an aqueous solution of lead acetate with a concentration of 40-60 g / L, and the nickel sulfate solution is an aqueous solution of nickel sulfate with a concentration of 40-60 g / L.

[0015] Furthermore, the welding wire substrate in step (3) is molten steel produced by smelting desulfurized iron and then casting the molten steel into a continuous casting billet.

[0016] Furthermore, the chemical composition of the desulfurized molten iron, by weight percentage, includes: C: 0.05%–0.3%, Mn: 2.0%–2.5%, Si: 0.20%–0.70%, P: 0.003%–0.006%, S: 0.002%–0.005%, Cr: 2.1%–2.5%, Mo≤0.15%, N: 0.08%–0.30%, V: 0.050%–0.100%, W: 0.020%–0.060%, B: 0.010%–0.020%, with the remainder being Fe and other unavoidable impurities.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (3), the smelting temperature is 825-850℃, the time is 10-20min, the forging temperature is 650-750℃, the hot rolling temperature is 400-450℃, the extrusion speed is 0.5-2m / min, the drawing passes are 10-25, and after each drawing pass, the wire is annealed at 300-350℃ for 10-20min to obtain a solid welding wire with a diameter of 1.0-1.5mm.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (3), the electron beam irradiation is performed under an electron beam with an irradiation voltage of 3 MeV and a dose rate of 20 kGy / pass, with an absorbed radiation dose of 100 to 125 kgy.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0020] This invention produces a high-crack-resistant solid welding wire by adding titanium nitride and titanium oxide and their adsorbates to the welding wire substrate, drawing the wire, and then subjecting it to electron beam irradiation, thereby achieving high crack resistance and high strength.

[0021] First, under ultraviolet light irradiation, titanium oxide adsorbs copper, lead, and nickel. Ultraviolet light can effectively improve the surface adsorption capacity of titanium oxide and stimulate its photocatalytic activity, enabling it to capture free hydrogen atoms during welding, reducing the generation of hydrogen cracks and improving welding quality. At the same time, the presence of adsorbed copper, lead, and nickel can further improve the mechanical properties of the welding wire and the welding effect.

[0022] Secondly, titanium nitride and titanium oxide, along with their adsorbates, are added to the welding wire substrate. After wire drawing, the wire is irradiated with an electron beam to produce a solid welding wire with high crack resistance. When titanium nitride, titanium oxide, and their adsorbates are melt-blended with the welding wire substrate, the high temperature destroys the coating structure of titanium oxide. The surface metal elements preferentially melt and diffuse into the titanium oxide, forming a tight bond with the titanium atoms. This tight bond between alloy atoms helps reduce defects such as spatter and porosity during welding. Furthermore, it forms a stronger bond with the base metal during welding, which helps improve the strength and toughness of the weld joint and reduces the generation of defects such as cracks. Electron beam irradiation can form nano-precipitates in the welding wire. These nano-precipitates not only improve the strength and hardness of the welding wire but also capture free hydrogen atoms, thereby enhancing the crack resistance of the welding wire. During wire drawing, titanium oxide, titanium nitride, and nickel in the welding wire can promote the formation of acicular ferrite, which can improve the strength and toughness of the welding wire, effectively prevent crack propagation, and achieve high crack resistance. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the method provided by the present invention, the following embodiments are provided in detail. The testing methods for various indicators of the high crack resistance solid welding wire produced in the following embodiments are as follows:

[0025] High strength: The tensile and bending properties of the high crack resistance solid welding wire prepared by the same mass of the example and the comparative example were tested in accordance with GB / T2652-2022 "Destructive testing of weld metal of fused weld joint - longitudinal tensile test".

[0026] High crack resistance: The high crack resistance solid welding wires prepared by the same mass of the example and the comparative example were welded under the same conditions and placed in an alternating high temperature and high humidity environment for 20 days to observe whether cracks would occur after welding.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] A method for preparing a high crack-resistant solid welding wire includes the following preparation steps:

[0029] (1) Titanium dioxide with a particle size of 50 nm was mixed with water at a mass ratio of 1.5:10 and stirred at 400 r / min for 1 h. Titanium nitride with a particle size of 50 nm was added at a mass ratio of 1 to that of titanium dioxide and stirred at 600 r / min for 3 h. The mixture was then dispersed in a 22 KW high-speed disperser for 3 h to obtain a titanium nitride-titanium dioxide suspension.

[0030] (2) A 40 g / L copper sulfate aqueous solution, a 40 g / L lead acetate aqueous solution, a 40 g / L nickel sulfate aqueous solution, and a titanium nitride-titanium dioxide suspension were mixed at a mass ratio of 0.3:0.3:0.3:1, stirred at 600 r / min for 1 h, irradiated under ultraviolet light for 6 h, filtered to obtain the solid, and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 100 °C and 50 kPa for 2 h to obtain titanium nitride and titanium oxide and their adsorbates;

[0031] (3) The chemical composition of the desulfurized molten iron, by weight percentage, includes: C: 0.05%, Mn: 2.0%, Si: 0.20%, P: 0.003%, S: 0.002%, Cr: 2.1%, Mo: 0.08%, N: 0.08%, V: 0.050%, W: 0.020%, B: 0.010%, with the remainder being Fe and other unavoidable impurities. The desulfurized molten iron is smelted into molten steel, which is then cast into a continuous casting billet to obtain the welding wire base material.

[0032] (4) Titanium nitride and titanium oxide and their adsorbates and welding wire substrate are mixed at a mass ratio of 0.5:10 and then melted together. The mixture is then smelted, forged, hot rolled, drawn, annealed and wound in a vacuum induction furnace. The smelting temperature is 825℃ and the time is 10min. The forging temperature is 650℃ and the hot rolling temperature is 400℃. The extrusion speed is 0.5m / min and the drawing passes are 10. After each drawing pass, the wire is annealed at 300℃ for 10min to obtain a solid welding wire with a diameter of 1.0mm. The wire is then irradiated with an electron beam at an irradiation voltage of 3MeV and a dose rate of 20kGy / pass, with an absorbed radiation dose of 100kgy, to obtain a solid welding wire with high crack resistance.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] A method for preparing a high crack-resistant solid welding wire includes the following preparation steps:

[0035] (1) Titanium dioxide with a particle size of 70 nm was mixed with water at a mass ratio of 1.7:10 and stirred at 500 r / min for 2 h. Titanium nitride with a particle size of 70 nm was added at 1.3 times the mass of titanium dioxide and stirred at 650 r / min for 4 h. The mixture was then dispersed in a 22 KW high-speed disperser for 4 h to obtain a titanium nitride-titanium dioxide suspension.

[0036] (2) A 50 g / L copper sulfate aqueous solution, a 50 g / L lead acetate aqueous solution, a 50 g / L nickel sulfate aqueous solution, and a titanium nitride-titanium dioxide suspension were mixed at a mass ratio of 0.4:0.4:0.4:1, stirred at 650 r / min for 1.5 h, irradiated under ultraviolet light for 8 h, filtered to obtain the solid, and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 110 ℃ and 55 kPa for 2.5 h to obtain titanium nitride and titanium oxide and their adsorbates;

[0037] (3) The chemical composition of the desulfurized molten iron, by weight percentage, includes: C: 0.25%, Mn: 2.3%, Si: 0.50%, P: 0.004%, S: 0.004%, Cr: 2.3%, Mo: 0.1%, N: 0.15%, V: 0.08%, W: 0.04%, B: 0.015%, with the remainder being Fe and other unavoidable impurities. The desulfurized molten iron is smelted into molten steel, which is then cast into continuous casting billets to obtain the welding wire base material.

[0038] (4) Titanium nitride and titanium oxide and their adsorbates and welding wire substrate are mixed at a mass ratio of 0.6:10 and then melted together. The mixture is then smelted, forged, hot rolled, drawn, annealed and wound in a vacuum induction furnace. The smelting temperature is 840℃ and the time is 15min. The forging temperature is 700℃ and the hot rolling temperature is 430℃. The extrusion speed is 1.5m / min and the drawing passes are 18. After each drawing pass, the wire is annealed at 325℃ for 15min to obtain a solid welding wire with a diameter of 1.3mm. The wire is then irradiated with an electron beam with an irradiation voltage of 3MeV and a dose rate of 20kGy / pass, and the absorbed radiation dose is 110kgy to obtain a solid welding wire with high crack resistance.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] A method for preparing a high crack-resistant solid welding wire includes the following preparation steps:

[0041] (1) Titanium dioxide with a particle size of 50-80 nm is mixed with water at a mass ratio of 2:10 and stirred at 600 r / min for 3 h. Titanium nitride with a particle size of 80 nm, which is 1.5 times the mass of titanium dioxide, is added and stirred at 700 r / min for 5 h. The mixture is then dispersed in a 22 KW high-speed disperser for 5 h to obtain a titanium nitride-titanium dioxide suspension.

[0042] (2) A 60 g / L copper sulfate aqueous solution, a 60 g / L lead acetate aqueous solution, a 60 g / L nickel sulfate aqueous solution, and a titanium nitride-titanium dioxide suspension were mixed at a mass ratio of 0.5:0.5:0.5:1, stirred at 700 r / min for 2 h, irradiated under ultraviolet light for 10 h, filtered to obtain the solid, and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ and 60 kPa for 3 h to obtain titanium nitride and titanium oxide and their adsorbates;

[0043] (3) The chemical composition of the desulfurized molten iron, by weight percentage, includes: C: 0.3%, Mn: 2.5%, Si: 0.70%, P: 0.006%, S: 0.005%, Cr: 2.5%, Mo: 0.15%, N: 0.30%, V: 0.100%, W: 0.060%, B: 0.020%, with the remainder being Fe and other unavoidable impurities. The desulfurized molten iron is smelted into molten steel, which is then cast into a continuous casting billet to obtain the welding wire base material.

[0044] (4) Titanium nitride and titanium oxide and their adsorbates and welding wire substrate are mixed at a mass ratio of 0.8:10 and then melted together. The mixture is then smelted, forged, hot rolled, drawn, annealed and wound in a vacuum induction furnace. The smelting temperature is 850℃ and the time is 20min. The forging temperature is 750℃ and the hot rolling temperature is 450℃. The extrusion speed is 2m / min and the number of drawing passes is 25. After each drawing pass, the wire is annealed at 350℃ for 20min to obtain a solid welding wire with a diameter of 1.5mm. The wire is then irradiated with an electron beam with an irradiation voltage of 3MeV and a dose rate of 20kGy / pass, and the absorbed radiation dose is 125kgy to obtain a solid welding wire with high crack resistance.

[0045] Comparative Example 1

[0046] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that step (1) is omitted, and step (3) is changed to: mixing 40 g / L copper sulfate aqueous solution, 40 g / L lead acetate aqueous solution, and 40 g / L nickel sulfate aqueous solution in a mass ratio of 1:1:1, stirring at 600 r / min for 1 h, irradiating under ultraviolet light for 6 h, filtering to obtain the solid, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 100 °C and 50 kPa for 2 h to obtain the alloy additive; the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0047] Comparative Example 2

[0048] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 lies in step (2). Step (2) is changed to: mixing 40 g / L copper sulfate aqueous solution, 40 g / L lead acetate aqueous solution, 40 g / L nickel sulfate aqueous solution and titanium nitride-titanium dioxide suspension in a mass ratio of 0.3:0.3:0.3:1, stirring at 600 r / min for 1 h, filtering to obtain the solid, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 100 °C and 50 kPa for 2 h to obtain titanium nitride and titanium oxide and their adsorbates; the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0049] Comparative Example 3

[0050] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that step (2) is different. Step (2) is changed to: titanium nitride-titanium dioxide suspension is dried in a vacuum drying oven at 100°C and 50kPa for 2 hours to obtain titanium nitride and titanium oxide and their adsorbates; the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0051] Comparative Example 4

[0052] The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 lies in step (4). Step (4) is changed to: titanium nitride and titanium oxide and their adsorbates and welding wire substrate are mixed at a mass ratio of 0.5:10 and then melted together. The mixture is then smelted in a vacuum induction furnace, forged, hot rolled, drawn, annealed, and wound. The smelting temperature is 825°C and the time is 10 min. The forging temperature is 650°C and the hot rolling temperature is 400°C. The extrusion speed is 0.5 m / min and the drawing passes are 10. After each drawing pass, the wire is annealed at 300°C for 10 min to obtain a high crack-resistant solid welding wire with a diameter of 1.0 mm. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0053] Example of effect

[0054] Table 1 below shows the performance analysis results of the high crack resistance solid welding wires of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 of the present invention.

[0055] Table 1

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] A comparison of the experimental data from the examples and comparative examples reveals that the present invention enables titanium oxide to adsorb copper, lead, and nickel under ultraviolet light irradiation. Ultraviolet light can effectively improve the surface adsorption capacity of titanium oxide and stimulate its photocatalytic activity, enabling it to capture free hydrogen atoms during welding, reducing the generation of hydrogen cracks and improving welding quality. At the same time, the presence of adsorbed copper, lead, and nickel can further improve the mechanical properties of the welding wire and the welding effect. Furthermore, when titanium nitride and titanium oxide, along with their adsorbates and the welding wire substrate, are melt-blended, the high temperature destroys the coating structure of titanium oxide. The surface metal elements preferentially melt and diffuse into the titanium oxide, forming a tight bond with the titanium atoms. This tight bond between alloy atoms helps reduce defects such as spatter and porosity during welding. It also forms a stronger bond with the base metal during welding, which helps improve the strength and toughness of the weld joint and reduces the generation of defects such as cracks. Electron beam irradiation can form nano-precipitates in the welding wire. These nano-precipitates not only improve the strength and hardness of the welding wire but also capture free hydrogen atoms, thereby enhancing the crack resistance of the welding wire. During the wire drawing process, titanium oxide, titanium nitride, and nickel in the welding wire can promote the formation of acicular ferrite, which can improve the strength and toughness of the welding wire, effectively prevent crack propagation, and achieve high crack resistance in the welding wire.

[0059] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No markings in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A high crack resistance solid wire characterized by, The high crack-resistant solid welding wire is made by adding titanium nitride and titanium oxide and their adsorbates to the welding wire substrate, melting and drawing the wire, and then irradiating it with an electron beam. The titanium dioxide and its adsorbents are prepared by adding a solution containing copper, lead and nickel metal ions to a titanium dioxide solution under ultraviolet light irradiation and then drying it. The welding wire substrate is molten steel smelted from desulfurized iron, which is then cast into a continuous casting billet. The chemical composition of the desulfurized iron water, by weight percentage, includes: C: 0.05%~0.3%, Mn: 2.0%~2.5%, Si: 0.20%~0.70%, P: 0.003%~0.006%, S: 0.002%~0.005%, Cr: 2.1%~2.5%, Mo≤0.15%, N: 0.08%~0.30%, V: 0.050%~0.100%, W: 0.020%~0.060%, B: 0.010%~0.020%, with the remainder being Fe and other unavoidable impurities.

2. The high crack resistance solid welding wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solution containing copper, lead, and nickel metal ions is a copper sulfate solution, a lead acetate solution, and a nickel sulfate solution.

3. A method for preparing a high-crack-resistant solid welding wire, characterized in that, The preparation steps include the following: (1) Mix titanium dioxide and water at a mass ratio of 1.5 to 2:10, stir at 400 to 600 r / min for 1 to 3 hours, add titanium nitride at 1 to 1.5 times the mass of titanium dioxide, stir at 600 to 700 r / min for 3 to 5 hours, and disperse with a 22KW high-speed disperser for 3 to 5 hours to obtain a titanium nitride-titanium dioxide suspension; (2) Copper sulfate solution, lead acetate solution, nickel sulfate solution and titanium nitride-titanium dioxide suspension are mixed in a mass ratio of 0.3~0.5:0.3~0.5:0.3~0.5:1, stirred at 600~700 r / min for 1~2 h, irradiated under ultraviolet light for 6~10 h, filtered to obtain solid, and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 100~120℃ and 50~60 kPa for 2~3 h to obtain titanium nitride and titanium oxide and their adsorbates; (3) Titanium nitride and titanium oxide and their adsorbates and welding wire substrate are mixed in a mass ratio of 0.5~0.8:10 and then melted together. After being smelted in a vacuum induction furnace, forged, hot rolled, drawn, annealed and wound, and then irradiated with an electron beam, a solid welding wire with high crack resistance can be obtained. In step (3), the welding wire substrate is molten steel smelted from desulfurized iron, and the molten steel is cast into a continuous casting billet. The chemical composition of the desulfurized iron water, by weight percentage, includes: C: 0.05%~0.3%, Mn: 2.0%~2.5%, Si: 0.20%~0.70%, P: 0.003%~0.006%, S: 0.002%~0.005%, Cr: 2.1%~2.5%, Mo≤0.15%, N: 0.08%~0.30%, V: 0.050%~0.100%, W: 0.020%~0.060%, B: 0.010%~0.020%, with the remainder being Fe and other unavoidable impurities.

4. The method for preparing a high crack-resistant solid welding wire according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (1), the particle size of titanium dioxide is 50~80nm and the particle size of titanium nitride is 50~80nm.

5. The method for preparing a high crack-resistant solid welding wire according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (2), the copper sulfate solution is a copper sulfate aqueous solution with a concentration of 40~60g / L, the lead acetate solution is a lead acetate aqueous solution with a concentration of 40~60g / L, and the nickel sulfate solution is a nickel sulfate aqueous solution with a concentration of 40~60g / L.

6. The method for preparing a high crack-resistant solid welding wire according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (3), the smelting temperature is 825~850℃, the time is 10~20min, the forging temperature is 650~750℃, the hot rolling temperature is 400~450℃, the extrusion speed is 0.5~2m / min, the drawing passes are 10~25, and after each drawing pass, the wire is annealed at 300~350℃ for 10~20min to obtain a solid welding wire with a diameter of 1.0~1.5mm.

7. The method for preparing a high crack-resistant solid welding wire according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (3), the electron beam irradiation is performed under an electron beam with an irradiation voltage of 3 MeV and a dose rate of 20 kGy / pass, with an absorbed radiation dose of 100~125 kgy.

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