Laminated film for pouch, pouch, and method for manufacturing laminated film

Abstract

Provided is a laminated film for a pouch, a pouch, and a method for manufacturing a laminated film, which can suppress a decrease in barrier properties and can favorably obtain easy openability due to a cutting guide line. A laminated film for a pouch (20) is formed by disposing an intermediate layer film (40) between an inner layer film (30) and an outer layer film (50) and forming a cutting guide line (80), the cutting guide line (80) is composed of a slit portion (81) formed from an outer side surface of the intermediate layer film (40) to an inner side surface side of the intermediate layer film (40) and formed in the intermediate layer film (40), and at least a part of the slit portion (81) is provided with a sandwiched adhesive portion (90) composed of an adhesive sandwiched in a state of contacting both a pair of slit side end surfaces (41).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a laminated film for forming a pouch into a bag shape by thermally welding overlapping laminated films, a pouch, and a method for manufacturing the laminated film. Background Technology

[0002] Previously, as a type of laminated film used to form a pouch by heat-sealing overlapping laminated films, it is known to be a laminated film consisting of an inner layer film, an intermediate layer film, and an outer layer film stacked sequentially.

[0003] Furthermore, in such pouches, it is known that a cutting guide line is formed on the pouch as a weakening part, which guides the cutting (opening) when the user opens the pouch (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

[0004] Existing technical documents

[0005] Patent documents

[0006] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2016-150772 Summary of the Invention

[0007] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0008] However, as with the laminated film described in Patent Document 1, if a cutting guide line is formed on the outer film, the impact resistance of the pouch will be compromised. Therefore, in order to avoid such a reduction in impact resistance, the applicant has studied forming a slit portion constituting the cutting guide line on the middle film instead of the outer film.

[0009] However, sometimes the interlayer membrane is made to have various barrier properties, such as barrier properties against gases in the air, such as oxygen and water vapor. In this case, if a slit portion that forms the cutting guide line is formed on the interlayer membrane, there is a problem of reduced barrier performance of the interlayer membrane.

[0010] Therefore, the present invention is proposed to solve these problems, and its object is to provide a laminated film for small bags, small bags, and a method for manufacturing laminated films, which can suppress the reduction of barrier performance with a simple structure and can obtain good openability due to the cutting guide lines.

[0011] Technical solution

[0012] The laminated film of the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems by means of a laminated film for small bags, wherein an intermediate layer film is disposed between an inner layer film and an outer layer film and a cutting guide line is formed thereon. The cutting guide line is formed by a slit portion formed from the outer side of the intermediate layer film to the inner side of the intermediate layer film. The intermediate layer film has a pair of slit side end faces facing each other across the slit portion. At least a portion of the slit portion formed in the intermediate layer film is provided with a clamping adhesive portion, which is formed by an adhesive clamped in a state of contact with both of the pair of slit side end faces.

[0013] The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems by forming the laminated film into a bag shape by thermally fusing the inner film layers together.

[0014] The method for manufacturing a laminated film according to the present invention is a method for manufacturing a laminated film for small bags formed by placing an intermediate layer film between an inner layer film and an outer layer film and forming a cutting guide line. In this method, the inner layer film and the intermediate layer film are prepared to be laminated with an inner adhesive layer sandwiched between them. A cutting blade is inserted along the film thickness direction from the outer side of the intermediate layer film to the inner side of the intermediate layer film to the inner adhesive layer, thereby forming a cut-shaped half-cut portion that constitutes the cutting guide line. The adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer is introduced into the half-cut portion, so that the adhesive is sandwiched in the half-cut portion formed in the intermediate layer film. Then, the outer layer film is laminated and fixed on the outer side of the intermediate layer film, thereby solving the above-mentioned problems.

[0015] Invention Effects

[0016] According to the invention of technical solutions 1 and 11, an adhesive clamping part is provided, which is made of an adhesive clamped in contact with both sides of a pair of slit side faces. This can suppress the expansion of the lateral width of the slit part, the gap between the pair of slit side faces, caused by bending of the laminated film, etc. Therefore, it can suppress the reduction of barrier performance caused by the intermediate layer film, and can obtain good openability brought by the cutting guide line.

[0017] Furthermore, by clamping the adhesive portion, the gap between a pair of slit side faces can be stabilized, thus suppressing the shape of the slit side faces, i.e., deformation of the cutting guide line, thereby improving the ease of opening caused by the cutting guide line.

[0018] According to the invention of this technical solution 2, the slit portion is composed of a cut-shaped semi-cut portion that cuts into the inner side of the interlayer film from the outer side of the interlayer film. Thus, as in the case where the slit portion is formed by laser processing, it is possible to avoid the formation of raised molten protrusions around the slit portion due to laser heat melting of the interlayer film. Therefore, it is easy to control various states of the interlayer film, such as the spacing between a pair of slit side faces.

[0019] According to the invention of this technical solution 3, the clamping adhesive portion is made of the same adhesive as the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer and is formed continuously with the inner adhesive layer. Therefore, when manufacturing the laminated film, by introducing the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer into the half-cut portion, the clamping adhesive portion can be easily formed. Thus, the clamping adhesive portion can be formed while suppressing the increase in manufacturing burden.

[0020] Furthermore, according to the invention of this technical solution 3, the slit portion is composed of a cut-shaped semi-cut portion that cuts in from the outer side of the interlayer film to the inner adhesive layer. As a result, compared with the case where the slit portion is formed by laser processing or the like, the gap between the slit-side end faces on the inner side of the adhesive layer, which is the inner side of the cutting direction, becomes narrower. This makes it easier for the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer to be introduced into the gap between the slit-side end faces. Therefore, it does not increase the manufacturing burden and can achieve a state in which the adhesive is sandwiched in the slit portion formed in the interlayer film.

[0021] According to the invention of this technical solution 4, the clamping adhesive portion is made of the same adhesive as the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer and the outer adhesive layer, and is formed continuously with the inner adhesive layer and the outer adhesive layer. Therefore, when manufacturing the laminated film, in addition to the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer, the adhesive constituting the outer adhesive layer can also be introduced into the half-cut portion, thus suppressing the increase in manufacturing burden and making it easy and reliable to form the clamping adhesive portion.

[0022] According to the invention of this technical solution 5, the adhesive constituting the interposed adhesive portion is a solvent-free adhesive with high fluidity in the pre-cured state and a flowability of 2000 to 30000 mPa·S / 25°C. This avoids the adhesive from dripping and adhering to peripheral equipment, and during the manufacturing of the laminated film, the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer can be well guided to the half-cut portion.

[0023] According to the invention of this technical solution 6, by forming the adhesive constituting the clamping adhesive portion in a manner that fills the entire slit portion, the above-mentioned effects of suppressing the reduction of barrier performance caused by the formation of the clamping adhesive portion and stabilizing the shape of the cutting guide line can be well obtained.

[0024] According to the invention of this technical solution 7, the interval between a pair of slit end faces on the outer side of the interlayer membrane is less than 20 μm throughout the entire area along the length of the cutting guide line, thereby effectively suppressing the reduction in barrier performance caused by the interlayer membrane.

[0025] Furthermore, according to the invention of this technical solution 8 to 10, for the intermediate layer film stacked on the inner layer film via the inner adhesive layer, after a half-cut portion is formed by cutting into the outer side of the intermediate layer film with a cutting blade, the intermediate layer film can well follow the shape recovery action of the inner layer film that is elastically deformed by the cutting blade, and the gap between a pair of slit side faces can be maintained to be narrower.

[0026] According to the invention of this technical solution 12, an inner layer film and an intermediate layer film are prepared to be stacked in a state where an inner adhesive layer is sandwiched between them. A cutting blade is inserted along the film thickness direction in such a way that it reaches the inner adhesive layer from the outer side of the intermediate layer film to the inner side of the intermediate layer film, forming a cut-shaped half-cut portion that constitutes a cutting guide line. The adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer is introduced into the half-cut portion, so that the adhesive is sandwiched in the half-cut portion formed in the intermediate layer film. Then, an outer layer film is stacked and fixed on the outer side of the intermediate layer film.

[0027] Thus, by introducing the adhesive that constitutes the inner adhesive layer, the adhesive is sandwiched in the half-cut portion formed in the intermediate layer film, which can suppress the increase in manufacturing burden while achieving the state in which the adhesive is sandwiched in the half-cut portion formed in the intermediate layer film.

[0028] Furthermore, according to the invention of this technical solution 12, by performing the process of forming the half-cut portion in a state where the inner layer film and the intermediate layer film are stacked, the following forming problems can be avoided. That is, when the cut portion of the half-cut portion is formed on the intermediate layer film in a single layer state, if the cut periphery of the intermediate layer is overlapped vertically during lamination when it is to be stacked with the inner layer film, a ridge-like undulation will be formed during winding, resulting in poor appearance. Therefore, forming problems such as the need to loosen and adjust each blank will occur. However, in the invention of this technical solution 12, by performing the process of forming the half-cut portion in a state where the inner layer film and the intermediate layer film are stacked, such forming problems can be avoided.

[0029] Furthermore, according to the invention of this technical solution 13, by utilizing capillary action to introduce the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer into the half-cut portion, it is possible to achieve a state in which the adhesive is sandwiched in the half-cut portion formed in the intermediate layer film without increasing the manufacturing burden.

[0030] Furthermore, according to the invention of this technical solution 13, by cutting a cutting blade from the outer side of the interlayer film to the inner side of the interlayer film along the film thickness direction, a slit-shaped semi-cut portion constituting the cutting guide line is formed. As a result, compared with the case where the semi-cut portion is formed by laser processing or the like, the gap between the slit-side end faces of the inner adhesive layer side on the inner side of the cutting direction of the cutting blade is narrowed, so the capillary phenomenon can be well exhibited.

[0031] According to the invention of this technical solution 14, by setting the viscosity of the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer to 2000 to 30000 mPa·s at the time point when the adhesive is introduced into the half-cut portion, it is possible to prevent the adhesive from dripping and adhering to the surrounding equipment, etc., and during the manufacturing of the laminated film, the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer can be well guided to the half-cut portion. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a top view of a small bag representing one embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 Is Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the small bag viewed along the direction of the arrow at position II-II.

[0034] Figure 3 This is an explanatory diagram illustrating the manufacturing method of laminated films.

[0035] Figure 4 This is an explanatory diagram illustrating the manufacturing method of laminated films.

[0036] Figure 5 This is an explanatory diagram showing a variation of a laminated film. Detailed Implementation

[0037] Hereinafter, the small bag 10, which is one embodiment of the present invention, will be described based on the accompanying drawings.

[0038] First, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the small bag 10 is formed into a bag shape by forming an outer edge sealing part (heat-sealed part) on the outer edge of the overlapping laminated films 20, which is formed by heat-sealing the inner layer films 30 of each laminated film 20 to each other, and the inner containing part contains food or other contents.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, each laminated film 20 has: an inner layer film 30 disposed on the innermost side when the pouch 10 is in the state; an intermediate layer film 40 formed on the outer side of the inner layer film 30; an outer layer film 50 formed on the outer side of the intermediate layer film 40; an inner adhesive layer 60 for bonding the inner layer film 30 and the intermediate layer film 40; an outer adhesive layer 70 for bonding the intermediate layer film 40 and the outer layer film 50; a cutting guide line 80 consisting of a slit portion (half-cut portion) 81 for guiding cutting (opening) when the user opens the pouch 10; and a clamping adhesive portion 90 consisting of an adhesive sandwiched between the slit side end faces 41 of the intermediate layer film 40.

[0040] The following is a detailed explanation of each component based on the accompanying drawings.

[0041] <Inner Membrane 30>

[0042] First, regarding the inner membrane 30, it is described below.

[0043] The inner membrane 30 forms what is known as a sealing membrane, such as Figure 2 As shown, in the state of being bagged into small bags 10, the inner layer film 30 is arranged on the innermost side facing the other side of the laminated film 20 and is heat-fused to the other side of the laminated film 20.

[0044] As the material for the inner membrane 30, various known materials can be used, such as heat-sealing polyolefins.

[0045] Examples of such polyolefins include, for example, low-density, medium-density, or high-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, isotactic polypropylene, syndiotactic polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, polybutene-1, poly4-methyl-1-pentene, ethylene-butene-1 copolymer, propylene-butene-1 copolymer, ethylene-propylene-butene-1 copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ionically crosslinked olefin copolymer (ionomer), ethylene-acrylate copolymer, etc.

[0046] These materials can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.

[0047] In particular, from the perspective of heat resistance, propylene-based polymers are suitable, such as homopolymers, propylene-based random copolymers, and block copolymers.

[0048] In addition, the inner membrane 30 can be composed of a single layer or can be composed of two or more layers made of different materials.

[0049] Here, from the Figure 4 Considering the viewpoint of maintaining a narrow lateral width W (i.e., the distance W between a pair of slit-side end faces 41 on the outer side of the interlayer film 40) of the slit portion (half-cut portion) 81, it is preferable to form the tensile modulus of the inner layer film 30 to be 0.9 GPa or less. That is, when the tensile modulus of the inner layer film 30 is set to 0.9 GPa or less, such as Figure 3 As shown, after the slit portion (half-cut portion) 81 is formed by cutting the cutting blade C from the outer side of the intermediate layer membrane 40, the shape of the inner layer membrane 30, which is elastically deformed by the cutting blade C, can be well restored to its original shape (flat plate shape). Therefore, the intermediate layer membrane 40 can follow the shape restoration action of the inner layer membrane 30, and the gap W between the two slit side end faces 41 is narrowed.

[0050] <Intermediate membrane 40>

[0051] Next, regarding the intermediate layer membrane 40, it is described below.

[0052] The intermediate layer membrane 40 is disposed between the inner layer membrane 30 and the outer layer membrane 50, forming a membrane with barrier properties such as gas barrier, moisture barrier, and aroma component barrier (aroma retention). In this embodiment, the intermediate layer membrane 40 has a substrate layer and a barrier layer.

[0053] As the material for the substrate layer of the intermediate film 40, various known materials can be used, such as polyamide, polyester, etc.

[0054] Examples of polyamides include nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 46, nylon 69, nylon 610, nylon 612, nylon 11, nylon 12, and nylon MXD6, but nylon 6 or nylon 66 is preferred for ease of handling.

[0055] As polyesters, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) are preferred, as they are condensation polymers formed by polymerization of monomers consisting of aromatic dicarboxylic acids or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and diols.

[0056] Among them, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or mixtures thereof, with low hygroscopicity are particularly preferred.

[0057] It should be noted that the intermediate layer film 40 can be composed of one layer (substrate layer) or two or more layers (substrate layers) stacked together.

[0058] Furthermore, the barrier layer of the intermediate layer film 40 is a layer used to impart various barrier properties such as gas barrier and moisture barrier to the laminated film 20. In this embodiment, it is formed by vapor deposition of inorganic materials or inorganic oxides such as alumina (Al2O3), silicon (Si), and aluminum (Al) onto the outer side of the substrate layer. It should be noted that the specific form of the barrier layer is not limited to the vapor deposition layer described above. It can be any layer that can impart various barrier properties. For example, a resin film such as polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylonitrile, or ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer can be used as a barrier layer and bonded to the substrate layer.

[0059] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the barrier layer of the intermediate layer film 40 is formed on the outer side of the substrate layer, but the location of the barrier layer is not limited to this. For example, the barrier layer may also be formed on the inner side of the substrate layer.

[0060] Furthermore, as a barrier layer of the intermediate membrane 40, only one barrier layer may be formed, or two or more barrier layers may be formed at any position.

[0061] like Figure 2As shown, in the interlayer membrane 40, the slit portion (half-cut portion) 81 is formed to penetrate the interlayer membrane 40 along the membrane thickness direction (from the outer side to the inner side of the interlayer membrane 40) in order to cut the barrier layer.

[0062] Accompanying this, such as Figure 2 As shown, the intermediate layer membrane 40 has a pair of slit-side end faces 41, which face the slit portion (half-cut portion) 81 opposite to the slit portion (half-cut portion) 81 separated by the slit portion (half-cut portion) 81.

[0063] Between a pair of slit side faces 41, as detailed below, an adhesive with a clamping adhesive portion 90 is sandwiched.

[0064] It should be noted that, in the above description, the intermediate layer film 40 is formed by a multilayer structure having a substrate layer and a barrier layer. However, the specific form of the intermediate layer film 40 is as long as it has a barrier structure. For example, the intermediate layer film 40 can also be formed in the form of a single-layer structure made of a barrier material such as polyester with aroma component barrier (aroma retention).

[0065] <Outer membrane 50>

[0066] Next, regarding the outer membrane 50, it is described below.

[0067] First, various known materials can be used as the material for the outer membrane 50, such as polyamide, polyester, etc.

[0068] Examples of polyamides include nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 46, nylon 69, nylon 610, nylon 612, nylon 11, nylon 12, and nylon MXD6, but nylon 6 or nylon 66 is preferred for ease of handling.

[0069] As polyesters, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) are preferred, as they are condensation polymers formed by polymerization of monomers consisting of aromatic dicarboxylic acids or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and diols.

[0070] Among them, PBT and PET are particularly preferred.

[0071] Furthermore, when nylon or PBT is used for the outer membrane, a biaxially stretched membrane formed by tubular membrane method is preferred.

[0072] The reason is that, in addition to the strength, heat resistance and transparency of biaxially stretched films, they are also highly isotropic, making it difficult for quality differences to occur due to the location where the film is removed.

[0073] In addition, the outer membrane 50 can be composed of a single layer or can be composed of two or more layers made of different materials.

[0074] In addition, a barrier layer identical to the barrier layer of the intermediate membrane 40 can be formed on the outer membrane 50.

[0075] <Inner adhesive layer 60>

[0076] Next, regarding the inner adhesive layer 60, it is described below.

[0077] like Figure 2 As shown, the inner adhesive layer 60 is formed between the outer surface of the inner layer film 30 and the inner surface of the intermediate layer film 40, and adheres between the outer surface of the inner layer film 30 and the inner surface of the intermediate layer film 40.

[0078] The adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer 60 is composed of a solvent-free adhesive, the details of which will be described later.

[0079] From the Figure 4 Considering the viewpoint of maintaining a relatively narrow lateral width W of the slit portion (semi-cut portion) 81 shown, the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer 60 is preferably made of an adhesive with an initial shear strength of 0.1 N / 15 mm or more. That is, when the inner adhesive layer 60 is made of an adhesive with an initial shear strength of 0.1 N / 15 mm or more, such as Figure 3 As shown, after the slit portion (half-cut portion) 81 is formed by cutting the cutting blade C from the outer side of the intermediate layer film 40, the intermediate layer film 40 can follow the shape recovery action of the inner layer film 30 which is elastically deformed by the cutting blade C, so that the gap W between a pair of slit side end faces 41 can be narrowed.

[0080] It should be noted that the above initial shear strength was determined according to the test sequence of JIS K 6850, under the conditions of a bonding area of ​​15×15mm and a tensile speed of 5mm / min, by using a tensile shear load parallel to the bonding surface, and is the shear strength immediately after bonding (immediately after coating and before aging treatment).

[0081] Furthermore, from the same point of view, the lamination strength between the inner layer film 30 and the intermediate layer film 40 (the lamination strength after aging treatment that promotes the curing reaction of the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer 60) is preferably set to 1.0 N / 15 mm or more.

[0082] <Outer adhesive layer 70>

[0083] Next, regarding the outer adhesive layer 70, it is described below.

[0084] like Figure 2As shown, the outer adhesive layer 70 is formed between the outer surface of the intermediate layer film 40 and the inner surface of the outer layer film 50 to bond the outer surface of the intermediate layer film 40 and the inner surface of the outer layer film 50.

[0085] The adhesive constituting the outer adhesive layer 70 is composed of a solvent-free adhesive, the details of which will be described later.

[0086] Here, as the adhesive constituting the outer adhesive layer 70, an adhesive different from the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer 60 can be used (e.g., various adhesives including solvent-free adhesives such as solvent-based adhesives). However, when the adhesive constituting the outer adhesive layer 70 is the same as the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer 60, it becomes easier to set various treatment conditions such as aging treatment that promotes the curing of the adhesive. In addition, the same adhesive can be introduced (placed) into the slit portion (half-cut portion) 81 from the outer side of the intermediate layer film 40 through capillary phenomena, etc., so the slit portion (half-cut portion) 81 can be reliably filled with the same adhesive.

[0087] Solvent-free adhesives

[0088] Next, the solvent-free adhesives constituting adhesive layers 60 and 70 are described below.

[0089] First, the solvent-free adhesive constituting the adhesive layers 60 and 70 is a two-component reaction-curing adhesive composed of the main agent and the curing agent described below.

[0090] As the main component of the solvent-free adhesive, a polyester resin with good adhesion to films 30, 40, and 50 and excellent lamination strength and impact resistance is preferred, and polyester polyol resin is particularly preferred.

[0091] Polyester polyol resins are any resins manufactured through the esterification reaction of polyacids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and terephthalic acid with polyols such as ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, neopentanediol, 3,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)heptane, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, glycerol, and trimethylolpropane.

[0092] Specific examples of polyester polyol resins include: (1) adipate ester-based polyester diols such as poly(ethylene adipate), poly(diethylene adipate), poly(propylene adipate), poly(tetramethylene adipate), poly(hexamethylene adipate), and poly(neopentyl adipate); (2) polycaprolactone-based polyester diols such as poly-ε-caprolactone; and (3) other polyester polyol resins such as poly(hexamethylene sebacate) and poly(hexamethylene carbonate).

[0093] In addition to polyester resins, polyurethane compounds, for example, may be included as the main agent. By using such a main agent, (when the ink layer is disposed in contact with the adhesive layer 60, 70) since the ink layer typically contains polyurethane components, the adhesion of the ink layer can be ensured.

[0094] The number-average molecular weight of the resin constituting the main agent is preferably 400 to 1500, more preferably 500 to 1000. When the number-average molecular weight of the resin constituting the main agent is less than 400, the viscosity of the solvent-free adhesive decreases, and therefore the continuous lamination adaptability sometimes deteriorates when manufacturing the laminated film 20. In addition, due to the increase in the number of terminal reactive groups, the amount of curing agent needs to be increased, resulting in problems such as high crosslinking content, increased hardness, and reduced impact resistance of the resulting adhesive layers 60 and 70. On the other hand, when the number-average molecular weight of the resin constituting the main agent exceeds 1500, although the impact resistance of the resulting adhesive layers 60 and 70 is improved, the increased viscosity of the solvent-free adhesive causes poor wetting during the coating of the solvent-free adhesive, sometimes resulting in poor appearance and reduced lamination strength of the resulting laminated film 20.

[0095] As a curing agent constituting a solvent-free adhesive, isocyanate compounds are preferred, and a mixture of aliphatic isocyanates and aromatic aliphatic diisocyanates is particularly preferred.

[0096] Aliphatic isocyanates constituting the curing agent can be used alone, such as butane-1,4-diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isopropylidene diisocyanate, methylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, m-tetramethylxylenyl diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate, or dimer diisocyanates obtained by converting the carboxyl group of a dimer acid to an isocyanate group, or in combination of two or more. Among these, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) is preferred.

[0097] Aromatic aliphatic diisocyanates constituting curing agents include: 1,3-phenylenedimethylene diisocyanate or 1,4-phenylenedimethylene diisocyanate or mixtures thereof (XDI), 1,3-tetramethylphenylenedimethylene diisocyanate or 1,4-tetramethylphenylenedimethylene diisocyanate or mixtures thereof (TMXDI), ω,ω'-diisocyanate-1,4-diethylbenzene, etc.

[0098] The number average molecular weight of the resin constituting the curing agent is preferably 400 to 1500, more preferably 500 to 1000. When the number average molecular weight of the resin constituting the curing agent is less than 400, the viscosity of the solvent-free adhesive decreases, and therefore, the continuous lamination adaptability sometimes deteriorates when manufacturing laminated films. In addition, due to the increase in the number of terminal reactive groups, the amount of the main agent needs to be increased, resulting in problems such as high crosslinking content, increased hardness, and reduced impact resistance of the adhesive layers 60 and 70. On the other hand, when the number average molecular weight of the resin constituting the curing agent exceeds 1500, the impact resistance of the resulting adhesive layers 60 and 70 is improved, but the viscosity of the solvent-free adhesive increases, resulting in poor wetting during the coating of the solvent-free adhesive, sometimes causing poor appearance and reduced lamination strength of the resulting laminated film 20.

[0099] In solvent-free adhesives, a curing agent is preferably contained in the range of 30 to 200 parts by weight, particularly 30 to 70 parts by weight, relative to 100 parts by weight of the base agent. If the proportion of curing agent is too low, the resulting adhesive layers 60 and 70 will have insufficient cross-linking, potentially reducing the lamination strength of the resulting laminated film 20. On the other hand, if the proportion of curing agent is too high, the base agent and curing agent cannot be sufficiently mixed, resulting in insufficiently cross-linked or excessively cross-linked portions mixed in the resulting adhesive layers 60 and 70, potentially reducing the lamination strength and impact resistance of the resulting laminated film 20.

[0100] In this invention, a solvent-free adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer 60 and the outer adhesive layer 70 is preferably used with an adhesive temperature of 2000–30000 mPa·s / 25°C (before aging treatment). When the solvent-free adhesive temperature is below 2000 mPa·s / 25°C, dripping of the solvent-free adhesive may occur, or poor transfer between rollers may occur during coating, resulting in "uneven transfer." Furthermore, when the solvent-free adhesive temperature is above 30000 mPa·s / 25°C, the flowability of the solvent-free adhesive cannot be ensured, and in particular, the capillary action described later cannot be generated satisfactorily.

[0101] In addition to the main agent and curing agent mentioned above, solvent-free adhesives may also contain polyurethane compounds.

[0102] In addition, solvent-free adhesives may contain various additives, such as fillers, softeners, antioxidants, stabilizers, adhesion promoters, leveling agents, defoamers, plasticizers, inorganic fillers, tackifying resins, fibers, pigments and other colorants, and usable time extenders.

[0103] Furthermore, solvent-free adhesives may also contain adhesion promoters. As adhesion promoters, silane coupling agents, titanate coupling agents, aluminum-based coupling agents, epoxy resins, etc., can be used.

[0104] Specific examples of silane coupling agents include: aminosilanes such as γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-β(aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-β(aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethyldimethoxysilane, and N-phenyl-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane; epoxysilanes such as β-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, γ-epoxypropoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and γ-epoxypropoxypropyltriethoxysilane; vinylsilanes such as vinyltri(β-methoxyethoxy)silane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, and γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane; and hexamethyldisilazane and γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0105] Specific examples of titanate-based coupling agents include tetraisopropoxide titanium, tetra-n-butoxide titanium, tetrabutyl titanate dimer, tetrastearyl titanate, acetylacetone titanium, lactate titanium, tetraoctyl glycol titanate, lactate titanium, tetra(octadecyl)orthotitanate, etc.

[0106] Specific examples of aluminum-based coupling agents include aluminum acetylalkoxydiisopropoxide.

[0107] Specific examples of epoxy resins include various commercially available epoxy resins such as Epi-Bis type, phenolic type, β-methyl epichloro type, cyclic ethylene oxide type, glycidyl ether type, glycidyl ester type, polyglycol ether type, glycol ether type, epoxidized fatty acid ester type, polycarboxylic acid ester type, aminoglycidyl group type, and resorcinol type.

[0108] <Cutting guide wire 80>

[0109] Next, regarding the cutting guide line 80, it is described below.

[0110] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a cutting guide line 80 is formed on the pouch 10 as a weakened portion with lower strength than the surrounding area. This cutting guide line 80 is used to guide the cutting (opening) when the user opens the pouch 10. Figure 1 In the example shown, the cutting guide line 80 is formed as a line that extends continuously in a straight line when viewed from above the laminated film 20, in a manner that connects the cuts 10a formed on both sides of the pouch 10.

[0111] like Figure 1 As shown, the cut 10a is formed in the outer edge of the outer sealing part (heat sealing part) of the bag making of the small bag 10 in the form of a groove or cut in order to facilitate the opening of the small bag 10.

[0112] like Figure 2 As shown, the cutting guide line 80 is formed in at least one (two in this embodiment) of the laminated film 20 on the front and back sides by a slit portion 81 formed from the outer side of the interlayer film 40 to the inner side of the interlayer film 40. In this embodiment, it is formed by a cut-shaped semi-cut portion 81 that cuts in from the outer side of the interlayer film 40 to the inner side of the interlayer film 40 (without material removal or with almost no material removal).

[0113] To be more specific, such as Figure 3 As shown, the half-cutting section 81 is achieved by using a cutter (in...) Figure 4 In the example shown, the cutting blade C of the rotary cutter (rotating around the rotation axis C1) is introduced from the outer side of the interlayer film 40 towards the inner side of the interlayer film 40 along the film thickness direction, forming a V-shaped (or approximately V-shaped) cut with the lateral width W of the outer side of the interlayer film 40 being wider than the lateral width of the inner side of the interlayer film 40.

[0114] like Figure 2 As shown, the slit portion (half-cut portion) 81 is not formed on the outer film 50 (and the outer adhesive layer 70). Furthermore, the front end of the slit portion (half-cut portion) 81 (the front end on the side furthest from the outer surface of the intermediate film 40)... Figure 3 , Figure 4 (The lower end of the middle) reaches the inner adhesive layer 60.

[0115] It should be noted that, in Figure 3 , Figure 4 In the example shown, the tip of the slit portion (half-cut portion) 81 is formed to slightly reach the inner membrane 30, but it may also be formed so that the tip of the half-cut portion 81 does not reach the inner membrane 30. Furthermore, even when the tip of the slit portion (half-cut portion) 81 is formed to reach the inner membrane 30, the slit portion (half-cut portion) 81 is also formed not to reach the inner side of the inner membrane 30.

[0116] From the perspective of suppressing the reduction in the barrier properties of the intermediate layer membrane 40, Figure 4Regarding the lateral width W of the slit portion (half-cut portion) 81 shown in (b), when the laminated film 20 (with the outer layer film 50 laminated) is in a flat state (specifically, when the laminated film 20 is placed on a flat surface), it is preferably set to 20 μm or less over the entire area along the length direction of the cutting guide line 80, and more preferably to 10 μm or less.

[0117] It should be noted that, from the perspective of the appearance design of the small bag 10, it is preferable to set the lateral width W of the slit portion (half-cut portion) 81 to 20 μm or less. That is, when the lateral width W is 20 μm or less, it is difficult to visually determine whether the slit portion (half-cut portion) 81 has been processed, so it is possible to avoid damage to the appearance of the small bag 10 due to processing.

[0118] Furthermore, not limited to the lateral width W of the slit portion 81 on the outer side of the interlayer film 40, it is preferable to set the lateral width of the slit portion 81 as a whole to 20 μm or less (10 μm or less). That is, the lateral width of the inner side of the interlayer film 40 and the lateral width of the middle part between the outer side and the inner side of the interlayer film 40 are also preferably set to 20 μm or less (10 μm or less).

[0119] <Clamping and bonding part 90>

[0120] Next, the following describes the installation of the adhesive part 90.

[0121] like Figure 2 As shown, the clamped adhesive portion 90 is a portion consisting of an adhesive that is clamped in at least a portion (in this embodiment, the entire portion) of the slit portion (half-cut portion) 81 formed in the intermediate layer film 40.

[0122] In this embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the adhesive constituting the interposed adhesive portion 90 is formed in such a way that it completely fills the slit portion (half-cut portion) 81.

[0123] The adhesive constituting the clamping adhesive portion 90 is clamped in the slit portion (half-cut portion) 81 in such a way that it connects the pair of slit side end faces 41 facing each other and is in contact with both of the pair of slit side end faces 41. As a result, the gap W between the pair of slit side end faces 41 can be suppressed from widening due to bending of the laminated film 20, etc.

[0124] In this embodiment, the interposed adhesive portion 90 is made of the same adhesive as the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer 60 and is formed continuously with the inner adhesive layer 60.

[0125] More specifically, the outer adhesive layer 70 is preferably made of the same adhesive as the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer 60, and the sandwiched adhesive portion 90 is made of the same adhesive as the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer 60 and the outer adhesive layer 70, and is formed continuously with the inner adhesive layer 60 and the outer adhesive layer 70.

[0126] It should be noted that when the small bag 10 is opened, by applying force to the laminated film 20, at least one of the pair of slit side end faces 41 can be peeled away from the clamped adhesive portion 90. Therefore, the cutting of the laminated film 20 using the cutting guide line 80 will not be hindered by the clamped adhesive portion 90.

[0127] <Manufacturing Method of Laminated Film 20>

[0128] Next, the manufacturing method of the laminated film 20 will be described below.

[0129] First, such as Figure 3 As shown in (a), an inner layer film 30 and an intermediate layer film 40 are prepared, which are stacked with an inner adhesive layer 60 sandwiched between them.

[0130] In this embodiment, the inner layer film 30 and the intermediate layer film 40 are bonded using a solventless lamination method employing the solventless adhesive. Specifically, a solventless adhesive constituting the inner bonding layer 60 (a solventless adhesive in which a curing agent is mixed in the main agent) is applied to either the outer surface of the inner layer film 30 or the inner surface of the intermediate layer film 40 (in this embodiment, the inner surface of the intermediate layer film 40) and then the inner layer film 30 and the intermediate layer film 40 are stacked and bonded together.

[0131] Next, as Figure 3 As shown in (b), the cutting blade C is inserted along the film thickness direction from the outer side of the interlayer film 40 to the inner side of the interlayer film 40, thereby forming a slit (half-cut section) 81. It should be noted that at this time, the inner layer film 30 and the interlayer film 40 are supported from the inner side of the inner layer film 30 by a flat support surface (not shown).

[0132] Here, when the slit portion (half-cut portion) 81 is formed, the curing reaction of the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer 60 is not carried out (no aging treatment for curing reaction is performed), and it becomes a fluid state, such as... Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer 60 is introduced into the slit portion 81 through capillary action, resulting in the adhesive being sandwiched within the slit portion 81.

[0133] Furthermore, in order to utilize the capillary effect to introduce the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer 60 into the slit portion (half-cut portion) 81, it is preferable to ensure the fluidity of the adhesive by ensuring that the viscosity of the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer 60 is 30,000 mPa·S or less at the time point at which the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer 60 is introduced into the slit portion 81. More specifically, as the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer 60 (solvent-free adhesive), it is preferable to use an adhesive with a viscosity of 30,000 mPa·S / 25°C or less (in the state before aging treatment).

[0134] In this embodiment, the temperature of the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer 60 at the point in time when the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer 60 is introduced into the slit portion 81 is approximately 25°C. More specifically, from the time the solvent-free adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer 60 is applied to either the outer surface of the inner layer film 30 or the inner surface of the intermediate layer film 40, until at least when the outer layer film 50 (described later) is laminated onto the outer surface of the intermediate layer film 40, the temperature of the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer 60 is approximately 25°C. It should be noted that the temperature setting of the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer 60 at each time point can be arbitrarily set according to the embodiment.

[0135] Furthermore, from the viewpoint of suppressing the adhesive forming the inner adhesive layer 60 from dripping and adhering to surrounding equipment, it is preferable (from the time the solvent-free adhesive forming the inner adhesive layer 60 is applied to either the outer surface of the inner layer film 30 or the inner surface of the intermediate layer film 40, until the outer layer film 50 (described later) is laminated on the outer surface of the intermediate layer film 40) to have a viscosity of 2000 mPa·s or higher. More specifically, as the adhesive (solvent-free adhesive) forming the inner adhesive layer 60, it is preferable to use an adhesive (in the state before aging treatment) with a viscosity of 2000 mPa·s / 25°C or higher.

[0136] Furthermore, for conditions other than those mentioned above, it is sufficient to set the conditions to produce the aforementioned capillary phenomenon. For example, it is sufficient to set the lateral width (cross-sectional area) of the slit portion (half-cut portion) 81 to be narrow enough to produce the aforementioned capillary phenomenon (capillary phenomenon used to guide the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer 60 into the half-cut portion 81). In addition, the material of the intermediate layer film 40 can be determined in a way that improves the water resistance of the slit side end face 41 to the extent that the aforementioned capillary phenomenon is produced.

[0137] Furthermore, as described above, in order to process the inner adhesive layer 60 using the cutting blade C while the curing reaction of the adhesive has not occurred, it is preferable to configure a device for forming a slit (half-cut) 81 using the cutting blade C on the downstream side of the device (not shown) for stacking and bonding the inner layer film 30 and the intermediate layer film 40, without providing any other processing equipment other than the film conveying device between them.

[0138] Next, as Figure 4 As shown in (a), an outer layer film 50, on which an adhesive constituting an outer adhesive layer 70 is coated (in this embodiment, it is a solvent-free adhesive in which a curing agent is mixed in the main agent) is laminated on the outer side of the intermediate layer film 40.

[0139] In Figure 4 of (a), Figure 4 In the state shown in (b), the curing reaction of the adhesive constituting the outer adhesive layer 70 (and the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer 60) has not occurred, and the adhesive becomes fluid.

[0140] Alternatively, instead of applying the adhesive that forms the outer adhesive layer 70 to the inner side of the outer film 50, the adhesive that forms the outer adhesive layer 70 can be applied to the outer side of the intermediate film 40 before bonding the intermediate film 40 and the outer film 50.

[0141] Furthermore, from the viewpoint of ensuring the fluidity of the adhesive constituting the outer adhesive layer 70, it is preferable to ensure the fluidity of the adhesive by making the viscosity of the adhesive constituting the outer adhesive layer 70 at the time when the outer layer film 50 is laminated on the outer side of the intermediate layer film 40 less than 30,000 mPa·S. More specifically, as the adhesive constituting the outer adhesive layer 70 (solvent-free adhesive), it is preferable to use an adhesive with a viscosity of less than 30,000 mPa·S / 25°C (in the state before aging treatment).

[0142] Furthermore, from the viewpoint of suppressing the adhesive constituting the outer adhesive layer 70 from dripping and adhering to the surrounding equipment, it is preferable that the viscosity of the adhesive constituting the outer adhesive layer 70 is 2000 mPa·S or higher at the time point when the outer layer film 50 is laminated onto the outer side of the intermediate layer film 40. More specifically, as the adhesive constituting the outer adhesive layer 70 (solvent-free adhesive), it is preferable to use an adhesive with a viscosity of 2000 mPa·S / 25°C or higher (in the state before aging treatment).

[0143] Next, by performing an aging treatment (curing treatment) to promote the curing reaction of the solvent-free adhesives constituting the adhesive layers 60 and 70 (curing promotion), these adhesives are cured, thereby manufacturing a laminated film 20 in which the inner layer film 30, the intermediate layer film 40 and the outer layer film 50 are sequentially stacked and fixed.

[0144] It should be noted that the specific temperature setting and treatment time for the aging (hardening) treatment can be determined arbitrarily, but it is preferred to set the temperature for the aging (hardening) treatment to 30-70°C and the treatment time for the aging (hardening) treatment to 12-120 hours.

[0145] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various design changes can be made without departing from the present invention as described in the claims. For example, the components of the above or below embodiments and variations can be arbitrarily combined to form the small bag 10, etc.

[0146] For example, the small bag 10 of the present invention is not limited to Figure 1 The four-side sealed pouch shown can be used for various types of pouches, including stand-up pouches, flat pouches, three-side sealed pouches, pillow-shaped pouches, and corner-supported pouches.

[0147] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the case where the cutting guide line 80 extends in a straight line has been described, but the specific manner in which the cutting guide line 80 extends is not limited to a straight line. For example, the cutting guide line 80 may be formed in a curved manner when viewed from above the laminated film 20. In addition, the cutting guide line 80 may be formed in a dotted line manner that is formed intermittently.

[0148] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the case of forming one cutting guide line 80 has been described, but multiple cutting guide lines 80 may also be provided on the laminated film 20, for example, in a parallel arrangement.

[0149] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the case in which the slit portion 81 constituting the cutting guide line 80 is constituted by a slit-shaped half-cut portion 81 formed using a cutting blade C has been described, but the specific manner of the slit portion 81 is not limited to the above manner. For example, it may also be formed from the outer side of the interlayer film 40 to the inner side of the interlayer film 40 by laser processing.

[0150] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the adhesive constituting the interlocking adhesive portion 90 was described in a manner that completely fills the slit portion 81, but it is also possible to do so as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the adhesive constituting the clamping adhesive portion 90 is formed such that the adhesive constituting the clamping adhesive portion 90 is disposed only in a portion of the slit portion 81. In this... Figure 5In the example shown, the interposed adhesive portion 90 and the inner adhesive layer 60 are continuously formed.

[0151] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the adhesive constituting the clamping adhesive portion 90 is formed to fill the entire slit portion 81, that is, to fill the entire slit portion 81 in the entire region along the length direction of the cutting guide line 80. However, it is also possible to form the clamping adhesive portion 90 only in a portion of the length direction of the cutting guide line 80.

[0152] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the case in which the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer 60 (or the outer adhesive layer 70) is introduced into the slit portion 81 by capillary action has been described. However, the adhesive can also be introduced into the slit portion 81 by methods other than capillary action, such as introducing the adhesive into the slit portion 81 by gravity.

[0153] In addition, besides the adhesive that constitutes the inner adhesive layer 60 (or the outer adhesive layer 70), an adhesive different from the adhesive that constitutes the inner adhesive layer 60 (or the outer adhesive layer 70) may be introduced (injected) into the slit portion 81.

[0154] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the case where the inner adhesive layer 60 and the outer adhesive layer 70 are made of solvent-free adhesives has been described. However, the inner adhesive layer 60 and the outer adhesive layer 70 may also be made of adhesives other than solvent-free adhesives, such as solvent-based adhesives.

[0155] In addition to the aforementioned configuration, the laminated film 20 may also be arbitrarily provided with an tackifying coating made of polyester polyurethane resin, polyether polyurethane resin, etc., an outer coating (top coating) made of polyurethane resin, polyester resin, etc., and a printing layer made of printing ink, etc.

[0156] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0157] 10: Small bag;

[0158] 10a: Incision;

[0159] 20: Laminated film;

[0160] 30: Inner membrane;

[0161] 40: Intermediate membrane;

[0162] 41: Slit side end face;

[0163] 50: Outer membrane;

[0164] 60: Inner adhesive layer;

[0165] 70: Outer adhesive layer;

[0166] 80: Cutting the guide wire;

[0167] 81: Slit section (half-cut section);

[0168] 90: An adhesive joint is provided;

[0169] C: Cutting knife;

[0170] C1: Rotation axis of the cutting blade.

Claims

1. A laminated film, characterized in that, It is a laminated film formed by placing an intermediate layer film between the inner and outer layers to create a small bag with cutting guide lines. The cutting guide line is formed by a slit portion extending from the outer side of the interlayer film to the inner side of the interlayer film. The intermediate layer membrane has a pair of slit-side end faces facing each other across the slit portion. At least a portion of the slits formed in the intermediate layer film is provided with a clamping adhesive portion, the clamping adhesive portion being composed of an adhesive clamped in a state of contact with both of the side end faces of the pair of slits. The slit portion is composed of a cut-shaped semi-cut portion that cuts in from the outer side of the interlayer membrane to the inner side of the interlayer membrane. The inner membrane and the intermediate membrane are bonded together by an inner adhesive layer. The semi-cut portion is formed such that it extends from the outer side of the intermediate layer film to the inner adhesive layer. The interlocking adhesive portion is made of the same adhesive as that constituting the inner adhesive layer and is formed continuously with the inner adhesive layer. The adhesive is composed of a solvent-free adhesive with a strength of 2000–30000 mPa·S / 25℃.

2. The laminated film according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intermediate layer film and the outer layer film are bonded together by an outer adhesive layer. The outer adhesive layer is made of the same adhesive as the inner adhesive layer. The clamping adhesive portion is made of the same adhesive as the adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer and the outer adhesive layer, and is formed continuously with the inner adhesive layer and the outer adhesive layer.

3. The laminated film according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adhesive constituting the clamping adhesive portion is formed in such a way that it completely fills the slit portion.

4. The laminated film according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between the pair of slit-side end faces on the outer side of the intermediate layer membrane is less than 20µm over the entire length of the cutting guide line.

5. The laminated film according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner membrane and the intermediate membrane are bonded together by an inner adhesive layer. The inner adhesive layer is composed of an adhesive with an initial shear strength of 0.1 N / 15 mm or higher.

6. The laminated film according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lamination strength between the inner layer membrane and the intermediate layer membrane is greater than 1.0 N / 15 mm.

7. The laminated film according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tensile modulus of the inner membrane is set to be below 0.9 GPa.

8. A small bag, characterized in that, Multiple laminated films as described in claim 1 are formed into a bag shape by thermally fusing the inner films together.

9. A method for manufacturing a laminated film, characterized in that, This is a method for manufacturing a laminated film that forms a small bag with cutting guide lines by placing an intermediate layer film between an inner layer film and an outer layer film. In the method for manufacturing the laminated film, The inner layer film and the intermediate layer film are prepared to be stacked with an inner adhesive layer sandwiched between them. A cutting blade is inserted along the film thickness direction from the outer side of the interlayer film to the inner side of the interlayer film, thereby forming a slit-shaped semi-cut portion that constitutes the cutting guide line. The adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer is introduced into the half-cut portion, so that the adhesive is sandwiched in the half-cut portion formed in the intermediate layer film. Then, the outer layer film is stacked and fixed on the outer side of the intermediate layer film. The adhesive constituting the inner adhesive layer is introduced into the half-cut portion through capillary action, so that the adhesive is sandwiched in the half-cut portion formed in the intermediate layer film.

10. The method for manufacturing a laminated film according to claim 9, characterized in that, The viscosity of the adhesive, which constitutes the inner adhesive layer, is set to 2000–30000 mPa·s at the time point when it is introduced into the half-cut portion.

Images