Dual-connectivity wireless access network node with wireless communication and sensing capabilities

Abstract

The integrated Radio Sensing and Communication (ISAC) system allows Radio Access Network (“RAN”) nodes to improve sensing capabilities. An Auxiliary Sensing Radio Link (S-S-RL) may exist for additional sensing functionality. RAN nodes and / or UEs can use sensing signals to detect objects on the radio path between the RAN node and the UE to improve wireless communication over the RL. The S-S-RL can be added to a single-connectivity system or modified in a dual-connectivity system. To maximize the benefits of sensing cooperation between RAN nodes, the S-S-RL can assist in either communication or sensing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application generally pertains to wireless communications. More specifically, a radio access network (“RAN”) node includes assisted radio sensing from an auxiliary RAN node, which can assist in communication and / or assist in sensing. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless communication technology is driving the world toward an increasingly interconnected and networked society. Wireless communication relies on efficient network resource management and allocation between user mobile stations and radio access network nodes (including but not limited to radio access network (“RAN”) nodes and radio base stations). Next-generation networks promise to provide high-speed, low-latency, and ultra-reliable communication capabilities, meeting the requirements of diverse industries and users. User mobile stations or user equipment (“UEs”) are becoming increasingly complex, and the amount of data transmitted continues to increase. With the development of more advanced radar and sensing systems, communication with UEs can be modernized. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application relates to methods, systems, and apparatus for radio access network (“RAN”) nodes or base stations that, in addition to wireless communication (C-RL), also provide wireless sensing (e.g., sensing radio link S-RL) functionality. The integrated radio sensing and communication (ISAC) system allows the serving RAN node to improve sensing and / or communication. An auxiliary sensing radio link (SS-RL) may exist in the provided auxiliary RAN node to assist sensing and communication. The RAN node and / or UE can use sensing signals to detect objects along the radio path between the RAN node and the UE to improve wireless communication via the RL. The SS-RL can be added to a single-connectivity system or can be added to or modified in a dual-connectivity system. To maximize the benefits of sensing cooperation between these RAN nodes, the SS-RL can assist communication or sensing in the primary RAN node.

[0004] In one embodiment, a wireless communication method includes: providing a request to add assisted sensing; and receiving a sensing result report after confirming the addition request. The provision is from a primary node to an auxiliary node, and the auxiliary node provides the sensing result report to the primary node. Based on the request to add assisted sensing, a user equipment (UE) in single connectivity (SC) is changed to dual connectivity (DC). The addition request includes assisted sensing to be added to the auxiliary node. The assisted sensing includes an assisted sensing radio link or a sensing function performed by the auxiliary node. The assisted sensing radio link assists the primary node's communication. The assisted sensing radio link assists the primary node's sensing. The sensing result report is sent periodically. The sensing result report is sent on demand. The sensing result report includes data sensed by the auxiliary RAN node.

[0005] In another embodiment, a wireless communication method includes receiving a request to add assisted sensing; and providing a sensing result report after confirming the addition request. The reception is from a primary node to an auxiliary node, and the auxiliary node provides the sensing result report to the primary node. Based on the request to add assisted sensing, a user equipment (UE) in single connectivity (SC) is changed to dual connectivity (DC). The addition request includes assisted sensing to be added to the auxiliary node. The assisted sensing includes an assisted sensing radio link or a sensing function performed by the auxiliary node. The assisted sensing radio link assists the primary node's communication. The assisted sensing radio link assists the primary node's sensing. The sensing result report is sent periodically. The sensing result report is sent on demand. The sensing result report includes data already sensed by the auxiliary RAN node.

[0006] In one embodiment, a wireless communication method includes: providing a modification request for assisted sensing; and receiving a sensing result report after confirming the modification request. The provision is from a primary node to an auxiliary node, and the auxiliary node provides the sensing result report to the primary node. The user equipment (UE) in dual connectivity (DC) is modified based on the modification request for assisted sensing. The modification request includes providing the auxiliary node with assisted sensing to be added or modified. The assisted sensing includes an assisted sensing radio link or sensing functions performed by the auxiliary node. The assisted sensing radio link assists the primary node's communication. The assisted sensing radio link assists the primary node's sensing. The sensing result report is sent periodically. The sensing result report is sent on demand. The sensing result report includes data already sensed by the auxiliary RAN node.

[0007] In another embodiment, a wireless communication method includes receiving a modification request for assisted sensing; and providing a sensing result report after confirming the modification request. The reception is from a primary node to an auxiliary node, and the auxiliary node provides the sensing result report to the primary node. The user equipment (UE) in dual connectivity (DC) is modified based on the modification request for assisted sensing. The modification request includes providing the auxiliary node with assisted sensing to be added or modified. The assisted sensing includes an assisted sensing radio link or sensing functions performed by the auxiliary node. The assisted sensing radio link assists the primary node's communication. The assisted sensing radio link assists the primary node's sensing. The sensing result report is sent periodically. The sensing result report is sent on demand. The sensing result report includes data already sensed by the auxiliary RAN node.

[0008] In one embodiment, a wireless communication device includes a processor and a memory, and the processor is configured to read code from the memory and implement any of the embodiments described above.

[0009] In one embodiment, a computer program product includes computer-readable program medium code stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform any of the embodiments described above.

[0010] In some embodiments, there is a wireless communication device including a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is configured to read code from the memory and implement any of the methods described in any embodiment. In some embodiments, a computer program product includes computer-readable program medium code stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement any of the methods described in any embodiment. The foregoing and other aspects and embodiments thereof are described in more detail in the accompanying drawings, specification, and claims. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 An example base station is shown.

[0012] Figure 2 An example random access (RA) messaging environment is shown.

[0013] Figure 3 A single-connection wireless communication system is shown.

[0014] Figure 4 A dual-connectivity wireless communication system is shown.

[0015] Figure 5a and Figure 5b This illustrates communication between primary and secondary nodes that are not located together.

[0016] Figure 5cThis illustrates dual-connection communication via a primary node and an auxiliary node in quasi-same location.

[0017] Figure 6 A dual-function radio access network ("RAN") node communicating with a user equipment ("UE") via a dual-function link is shown.

[0018] Figure 7 A communication diagram is shown for communication via a dual-function RAN node using a communication radio link (“C-RL”) and a sensing radio link (“S-RL”).

[0019] Figure 8 This illustrates a wireless communication system that transitions from single-connectivity to dual-connectivity.

[0020] Figure 9 A wireless communication system in dual connectivity with an additional assisted sensing wireless link (“SS-RL”) is shown.

[0021] Figure 10 An embodiment of communication for adding a request with perceptual assistance communication is shown.

[0022] Figure 11 An embodiment of communication for adding a request with perception-assisted perception is shown.

[0023] Figure 12 An embodiment of communication for a modification request with perceptual assistance communication is shown.

[0024] Figure 13 Another embodiment of communication for a modification request with perceptual assistance communication is shown.

[0025] Figure 14 Another embodiment of communication for a modification request with perceptual assistance communication is shown.

[0026] Figure 15 An embodiment of communication for a modification request with perception-assisted perception is shown.

[0027] Figure 16 Another embodiment of communication for a modification request with perception-assisted perception is shown.

[0028] Figure 17 Another embodiment of communication for a modification request with perception-assisted perception is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0029] This disclosure will now be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this disclosure and illustrate specific examples of embodiments by way of illustration. However, it should be noted that this disclosure may be embodied in various different forms, and therefore the subject matter covered or claimed is intended to be construed as not being limited to any of the embodiments set forth below.

[0030] Throughout the specification and claims, terms may have meanings that are suggested or implied in the context, beyond their explicitly stated meanings. Similarly, the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in some embodiments” as used herein do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, and the phrases “in another embodiment” or “in other embodiments” as used herein do not necessarily refer to different embodiments. For example, the claimed subject matter includes all or part of exemplary embodiments or combinations of embodiments.

[0031] Generally, terms can be understood, at least in part, from their usage in the context. For example, terms such as “and,” “or,” or “and / or” as used herein can include a variety of meanings, which can depend at least in part on the context in which they are used. Typically, “or” means A, B, and C (in an inclusive sense) if used to relate a list, such as A, B, or C, and A, B, or C (in an exclusive sense). Furthermore, the terms “one or more” or “at least one” as used herein, at least in part on the context, can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense, or a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in a plural sense. Similarly, terms such as “a,” “an,” or “the” can also be understood to indicate singular or plural usage, at least in part on the context. Moreover, the terms “based on” or “determined by” can be understood not necessarily to convey an exclusive set of factors, but may allow for the presence of other factors that are not necessarily explicitly described, again, at least in part on the context.

[0032] Radio Resource Control (“RRC”) is a protocol layer at the IP layer (radio network layer) between the UE and the base station. Various RRC states may exist, such as RRC_CONNECTED, RRC_INACTIVE, and RRC_IDLE. RRC messages are transmitted via Packet Convergence Protocol (“PDCP”). The UE can transmit infrequent (periodic and / or aperiodic) data in the RRC_INACTIVE state without transitioning to the RRC_CONECTTED state. This can save UE power consumption and signaling overhead. This can be implemented through a Random Access Channel (“RACH”) protocol scheme or a Configuration Grant (“CG”) scheme. The wireless communications described herein can be performed via radio access. Furthermore, the described embodiments include sensed communications or sensed signals that are either physically different from wireless communications or logically different from wireless communications. Figures 1-2 An example radio access network (“RAN”) node (e.g., a base station) and user equipment, along with a messaging environment, are illustrated, which can be applied to both wireless and sensing communications. As described herein, a single RAN node can provide wireless and sensing capabilities and services more flexibly and efficiently.

[0033] In some wireless communication systems (such as 4G-LTE and 5G-NR), the RAN node can transmit downlink pilot reference signals such as SSB and CSI-RS, and the UE receives, measures, and processes these signals so that the UE is aware of the connection quality of the communication radio link (“RL”). This can occur between the serving RAN node and the UE to maintain mobility and service continuity. “UE-based measurement and reporting” is one example of network configuration awareness. However, there may be many different examples of measurement and awareness and reporting between the network and the UE. The network and the UE can measure, detect, and sense objects other than the pilot reference signals used for communication. This awareness can allow for the measurement, detection, and sensing of the UE's local environment and resource utilization. The sensing results can be provided to the UE's serving RAN node, so the serving RAN node can understand the UE's local environment and resource utilization and dynamically improve the connection quality of the communication RL with the UE.

[0034] With the development of International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) wireless communication systems (such as 4G-LTE and 5G-NR) and various advanced radar and sensing systems, integration may face challenges in areas such as architecture / capability design and network / air interface resource utilization. Future iterations of IMT wireless systems may integrate and coordinate various wireless sensing functions with their own communication functions so that Radio Access Network (RAN) nodes can provide wireless communication and wireless sensing capabilities and services.

[0035] The integrated Radio Sensing and Communication (ISAC) system allows the serving RAN node to proactively sense human user body movements or gestures based on radar-like sensing technology. This sensing can be faster, for example, with 10ms less latency than other examples (e.g., measurement reporting based on traditional UEs). The serving RAN node can then take more proactive and faster actions to improve the connection quality of the radio link (RL). The following are example RLs and example components:

[0036] • C-RL = Communication Wireless Link: A wireless link between RAN nodes and UEs, or between RAN nodes, or between UEs, for wireless communication purposes (e.g., data transmission).

[0037] • S-RL = Sensing Radio Link: A virtual radio link between a RAN node and a UE, or between a RAN node and the environment, or between RAN nodes, or between UEs, or between a UE and its environment, for radio sensing purposes (e.g., detecting and / or sensing something).

[0038] •ISAC RAN node = A RAN node that can perform both wireless communication and wireless sensing services.

[0039] •ISAC RAN Node (C) = RAN node that only performs wireless communication services (e.g., traditional RAN node).

[0040] • ISAC RAN Node (S) = RAN node that performs only radio sensing services (e.g., radar-type node). • Primary ISAC RAN Node = ISAC RAN node that plays a primary role in dual connectivity (DC) operations. • Secondary ISAC RAN Node = ISAC RAN node that plays a secondary role in DC operations.

[0041] • MC-RL = The primary C-RL managed by the primary ISAC RAN node during DC operation.

[0042] • MS-RL = The primary S-RL managed by the primary ISAC RAN node during DC operations.

[0043] •SC-RL = Auxiliary C-RL managed by the auxiliary ISAC RAN node in DC operation.

[0044] •SS-RL = Auxiliary S-RL managed by auxiliary ISAC RAN nodes in DC operation.

[0045] RAN nodes can leverage their ISAC capabilities to enhance their own wireless communication capabilities (e.g., improving resource efficiency and saving communication energy). In various networks, there may be RAN nodes capable of supporting multiple network types (or multiple generations of networks including 4G, 5G, etc.). Similarly, RAN nodes can support wireless communication or wireless sensing, or both simultaneously. To maximize the benefits of sensing cooperation between these RAN nodes, the embodiments described below include additional / auxiliary sensing that can assist communication or sensing in the primary RAN node. To achieve "sensing-assisted communication" or "sensing-assisted sensing," the embodiments below describe wireless sensing cooperation between different RAN nodes. RAN nodes can cooperate with other RAN nodes to obtain the benefits of wireless sensing.

[0046] Figure 1 An example (“RAN”) node or base station 102 is shown. An RAN node may also be referred to as a radio network node. RAN node 102 may also be identified as a nodeB (NB, e.g., eNB or gNB) in a mobile telecommunications context. An exemplary RAN node may include wireless Tx / Rx circuitry 113 for receiving and transmitting with user equipment (UE) 104. The RAN node may also include network interface circuitry 116 to couple the RAN node to the core network 110, such as optical or wired interconnect, Ethernet, and / or other data transmission media / protocols.

[0047] The RAN node may also include system circuitry 122. System circuitry 122 may include one or more processors 124 and / or memory 126. Memory 126 may include operations 128 and control parameters 130. Operations 128 may include instructions for execution on one or more processors 124 to support the functionality of the RAN node. For example, these operations may handle random access transmission requests from multiple UEs. Control parameters 130 may include parameters or support for the execution of operations 128. For example, control parameters may include network protocol settings, random access message passing format rules, bandwidth parameters, radio frequency mapping allocation, and / or other parameters.

[0048] Figure 2 An example random access messaging environment 200 is illustrated. In this environment, UE 104 can communicate with RAN node 102 via random access channel 252. In this example, UE 104 supports one or more Subscriber Identity Modules (SIMs), such as SIM1 202. Electrical and physical interfaces 206 connect SIM1 202 to the rest of the user equipment hardware, for example, via system bus 210.

[0049] Mobile device 200 includes a communication interface 212, system logic 214, and user interface 218. System logic 214 may include any combination of hardware, software, firmware, or other logic. System logic 214 may be implemented, for example, using one or more system-on-chip (SoC), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), discrete analog and digital circuits, and other circuits. System logic 214 is part of an implementation of any desired functionality in UE 104. In this regard, system logic 214 may include logic facilitating, for example, decoding and playing music and video (e.g., MP3, MP4, MPEG, AVI, FLAC, AC3, or WAV decoding and playback); running applications; accepting user input; saving and retrieving application data; establishing, maintaining, and terminating cellular phone calls or data connections (e.g., internet connections); establishing, maintaining, and terminating wireless network connections, Bluetooth connections, or other connections; and displaying relevant information on user interface 218. User interface 218 and input 228 may include a graphical user interface, a touch-sensitive display, haptic feedback or other haptic output, voice or facial recognition input, buttons, switches, speakers, and other user interface elements. Additional examples of input 228 include microphones, video and still image cameras, temperature sensors, vibration sensors, rotation and orientation sensors, headphone and microphone input / output jacks, universal serial bus (USB) connectors, memory card slots, radiation sensors (e.g., IR sensors), and other types of inputs.

[0050] System logic 214 may include one or more processors 216 and memory 220. Memory 220 stores, for example, control instructions 222, which the processors 216 execute to achieve the desired functionality of UE 104. Control parameters 224 provide and specify configuration and operational options for the control instructions 222. Memory 220 may also store any BT, WiFi, 3G, 4G, 5G, or other data 226 that UE 104 will send or has received via communication interface 212. In various embodiments, system power may be provided by a power storage device such as battery 282.

[0051] In communication interface 212, radio frequency (RF) transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx) circuitry 230 processes signal transmission and reception via one or more antennas 232. Communication interface 212 may include one or more transceivers. The transceiver may be a wireless transceiver, including modulation / demodulation circuitry, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a shaper, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), filters, waveform shapers, preamplifiers, power amplifiers, and / or other logic for transmission and reception via one or more antennas or (for some devices) via a physical (e.g., wired) medium.

[0052] The transmitted and received signals can follow any of various formats, protocols, modulations (e.g., QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, or 256-QAM), frequency channels, bit rates, and encodings. As a specific example, communication interface 212 may include a transceiver supporting transmission and reception under 2G, 3G, BT, WiFi, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA)+, and 4G / LTE standards. However, the techniques described below are applicable to other wireless communication technologies, whether from the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the GSM Association, 3GPP2, IEEE, or other partners or standards bodies.

[0053] Figure 3 A single-connectivity wireless communication system is illustrated. Single-connectivity (SC) can include a UE that has only a primary communication radio link (MC-RL) and / or a primary sensing radio link (MM-RL) but no radio link on the secondary RAN node side. Conversely, dual-connectivity (DC) includes a UE that has an auxiliary communication radio link (SC-RL) and / or an auxiliary sensing radio link (SS-RL) on the secondary RAN node side. SC and DC connections are further described below, including references... Figure 8 .

[0054] In such Figure 3 In the IMT wireless communication systems shown (such as 4G-LTE and 5G-NR), the Radio Access Network (RAN) node can transmit downlink (DL) pilot reference signals such as SSB and CSI-RS. The UE receives, measures, and processes these signals so that the UE can know the connection quality of the over-the-air (RL) radio link. The UL measurement report is fed back to the serving RAN node. This can be communication between the serving RAN node and the UE to maintain communication service continuity. This is an example of a single connection (SC).

[0055] "UE-based DL measurement and UL reporting" is an example of radio sensing configured by the RAN. However, many other types of radio sensing can exist between RAN nodes and UEs, or between RAN nodes, or between UEs. For communication or sensing purposes, the RAN and UE can locally measure, detect, and sense aspects and objects other than pilot reference signals. This sensing can be triggered by upper-layer or third-party entities. For example, a UE can sense its local environment (e.g., user gestures, neighboring objects, and radio conditions) and resource utilization (e.g., radio / computing / interference status) via its local sensors. This sensing information can be provided to its serving RAN node as "sensing result information." Based on this sensing, the serving RAN node can understand the UE's environment and resource utilization and can take adaptive measures to enhance wireless communication with the UE.

[0056] In one example, in millimeter-wave (e.g., above 6 GHz) communication environments, human user body movements and gestures can adversely affect UE wireless communication, such as obstruction and interference with RL, due to the large path loss in the high-frequency band and the fragile millimeter-wave channel conditions. Previously, the serving RAN node relied on other reactive mechanisms to improve RL quality, which were often not fast or timely enough because they depended on time-consuming activation on the UE side. Through the integrated wireless communication and sensing systems in the dual-function RAN node, the serving RAN node can sense and detect human user body movements and gestures based on radar-like technologies (utilizing sensing signals) that can be identified more quickly and in advance. Therefore, the serving RAN node is able to take proactive actions to improve the quality of communication RL.

[0057] Figure 4 A dual-connectivity wireless communication system is illustrated. Dual connectivity (DC) includes a UE with an auxiliary communication radio link (SC-RL) and / or an auxiliary sensing radio link (SS-RL). SC and DC connections will be further described below, including references. Figure 8 For example, DC operations can include any of the following combinations of XX-RL:

[0058] ·MC-RL+MS-RL;

[0059] ·MC-RL+SC-RL;

[0060] ·MC-RL+SS-RL;

[0061] MS-RL+SC-RL;

[0062] • MS-RL+SS-RL; or

[0063] ·SC-RL+SS-RL.

[0064] exist Figure 4 In this embodiment, the UE communicates with RAN node 1 via C-RL and S-RL. A second RAN node exists that only provides S-RL to the environment. In this embodiment, the core network, RAN nodes, and UE all have ISAC capabilities. In other words, they can perform both wireless communication and wireless sensing over the air interface. The communication radio link, now denoted as "C-RL," is still used for communication purposes, while the sensing radio link, denoted as "S-RL," exists as a logical function but can also be physically implemented along with "C-RL." A RAN node with ISAC capabilities can perform a certain type of wireless sensing on a target UE via "S-RL," or it can perform wireless sensing on the environment via "S-RL," with or without assisting the UE's participation.

[0065] Figure 5a and Figure 5b The diagram illustrates communication between primary and secondary nodes that are not located together. Multiple RAN nodes (e.g., eNB, gNB, xNB) using the same or different Radio Access Technologies (“RATs”) can be deployed on the same or different frequency carriers in certain geographical areas, and they can cooperate with each other via dual connectivity to provide joint communication services to the same target UE. Figure 5a and Figure 5b The diagram illustrates a multi-RAT dual-connectivity (“MR-DC”) architecture with a primary node (“MN”) and secondary nodes (“SN”) in non-quasi-co-location. In the New Radio (“NR”) or 5GC, Access Mobility Functions (“AMF”) and Session Management Functions (“SMF”) are control plane entities, while User Plane Functions (“UPF”) are user plane entities. The signaling connection between the AMF / SMF and the MN is the Next Generation-Control Plane (“NG-C”) / MN interface. The signaling connection between the MN and the SN is the Xn-Control Plane (“Xn-C”) interface. The signaling connection between the MN and the UE is the Uu-Control Plane (“Uu-C”) RRC interface. All these connections manage the configuration and operation of the MR-DC. Figure 5a The user plane connection between the UPF and MN is shown as an NG-U(MN) interface instance, which corresponds to the bearer terminated by the MN.

[0066] Figure 5b The user plane connection between the UPF and SN is shown to be the NG-U(SN) interface, corresponding to the bearer terminated by the SN. The user plane connection between the MN and SN is the Xn-User Plane (“Xn-U”) interface, corresponding to the segmented bearer. The user plane connection between the MN and UE is a Uu-U(MCG) interface instance (providing the primary RL), while the user plane connection between the SN and UE is a Uu-U(SCG) interface instance (providing the secondary RL). These user plane connections support user data transmission for MR-DC. From a network perspective, the MN provides communication services via Uu-U(MCG) through local processing within the MN and MCG resources; while the SN provides communication services to the same target UE in parallel via Uu-U(SCG) through local processing within the SN and SCG resources. There are two separate and independent RLs (primary RL and secondary RL).

[0067] Figure 5c The communication between the primary and secondary nodes in the same location is shown. Figure 5c The diagram illustrates an MR-DC architecture with quasi-co-location MN and SN. Logically, the MN and SN still exist, but physically, they are now implemented in the same RAN node, thus eliminating the need for... Figures 5a-5bAn external Xn interface instance exists between MN and SN, and MN and SN coordinate with each other within the internal interface. There are also two separate and independent RLs (the primary RL and the secondary RL). Figure 5c The single MR-DC functional RAN node shown logically integrates the primary / primary wireless communication RL (MC-RL) and the secondary wireless communication RL (SC-RL) towards the same target UE. From the perspective of the MR-DC functional UE, it logically integrates and maintains two separate and independent RLs via the air interface. These two RLs can be the same or different RATs or frequency carriers. From the network perspective, the MN provides the primary wireless communication service via the MC-RL, while the SN provides the secondary wireless communication service via the SC-RL. From the perspective of the UE in the DC, it can provide services through two independent communication RLs: the primary C-RL and the secondary C-RL via the air interface.

[0068] Figure 6 An example radio access network (“RAN”) node is illustrated, communicating with a user equipment (“UE”) via multiple links for dual-function communication. One function of the dual-function communication is wireless communication, and the other is wireless sensing. Wireless communication includes at least one radio link (“C-RL”) for transmitting and receiving (signaling and / or user) data over the air interface between the RAN node and the UE. Wireless sensing includes a sensing radio link (“S-RL”). The S-RL is established and used to sense and detect something along the air interface radiation path between the RAN node and the UE. The sensing radio link (“S-RL”) is a logical radio link that is not used for transmitting and receiving (signaling and / or user) data over the air interface, but rather for sensing and detecting something on the radiation path. A dual-function RAN node comprises a single RAN node capable of performing both wireless communication and wireless sensing operations with a target UE. Specifically, Figure 6 The diagram illustrates a dual-function RAN node sending a sensed radio link (“S-RL”) to a UE, followed by the UE returning a signal (e.g., an echo signal / response) to the RAN node. In addition to the radio sensing of the S-RL, the dual-function RAN node also has a communication radio link (“C-RL”). The C-RL is the downlink from the RAN node to the UE and the uplink from the UE to the RAN node. (See diagram for details.) Figure 6 As shown, a dual-function RAN node can simultaneously establish and maintain both the S-RL and C-RL with the target UE. The handling of the communication C-RL may be the same as in legacy systems (e.g., following 4G-LTE or 5G-NR specifications).

[0069] Figure 7A communication diagram is shown for communication via a dual-function RAN node utilizing a communication radio link (“C-RL”) and a sensing radio link (“S-RL”). The RAN node (also referred to as a base station) establishes a communication C-RL 702 with the UE. Furthermore, the second function of the RAN node provides the S-RL 704 to the UE. In response to the S-RL 704, the UE provides a response 706. As part of the sensing operation of the S-RL, the response 706 can be referred to as an echo signal sent by the UE directly in response to the reception of the S-RL 704. The S-RL may be a logically separate radio link from the communication C-RL, but physically the S-RL may share the same or use different air interface / radio resources (e.g., time / frequency / space / code, etc.) as the communication C-RL. Figure 7 An example using different air interface / radio resources is shown, wherein in this embodiment, the radio signal between the RAN node and the UE carries data information or perception-related information, but not both.

[0070] Assisted perception

[0071] IMT 5G-Advanced (5G-A) and future wireless systems can integrate and coordinate various radio sensing functions and their own communication functions, enabling RAN nodes to provide wireless communication and radio sensing capabilities and / or services. One benefit of this integration (ISAC) is that RAN nodes can leverage their own radio sensing capabilities to enhance their own wireless communication capabilities, such as improving resource efficiency and saving communication energy. Despite this integration trend, in heterogeneous networks or for any commercial reason, there will still be many RAN nodes that can support both simultaneously, or can only support either wireless communication or radio sensing capabilities in the field. To maximize the benefits of sensing cooperation between these RAN nodes, such as to achieve performance gains from "sensor-assisted communication" and "sensor-assisted sensing," methods for radio sensing cooperation between different RAN nodes are needed. This patent aims to create new mechanisms, modeling, and methods to address such problems, so that "requesting" RAN nodes can interoperate and cooperate with other "assisting" RAN nodes to obtain the benefits of any type of radio sensing.

[0072] Figure 8 A wireless communication system transitioning from single-connectivity to dual-connectivity is illustrated. A direct interface (denoted as Xn) exists between the two ISAC RAN nodes, and they can interoperate and / or cooperate via various Xn procedures, at least for:

[0073] • Coordinate the wireless communication capabilities, resources, and operational status of both sides;

[0074] • Coordinate the wireless sensing capabilities, resources, and operational status of both sides; and / or

[0075] • Manage DC operations.

[0076] For UEs in SC mode, the current serving RAN node (which will become the primary ISAC RAN node) can be allowed to add secondary ISAC RAN nodes for:

[0077] • Wireless sensing purpose (add only the new SS-RL, do not add SC-RL) [e.g.] Figure 8 As shown];

[0078] • For wireless communication purposes (adding only the new SC-RL, not the SS-RL); or

[0079] • Wireless communication and wireless sensing purposes (new SS-RL and SC-RL added) [with Figure 9 compared to].

[0080] Figure 8 This illustrates the collaboration between different ISAC RAN nodes in UE DC mode. Specifically, this embodiment can refer to the situation where the UE changes from "SC mode" to "DC mode". Figure 8 An SN was added. (This is in contrast to the previous sentence.) Figure 4 In comparison, a single SS-RL may not be sufficient (MN at this point only needs the assistance of the SS-RL from the SN, and does not require the assistance of the SC-RL). In another embodiment, SS-RL + SC-RL may also be present. Figure 8 As shown, for wireless communication purposes, the primary ISAC RAN node has established and maintained an MC-RL with the target UE. Optionally, to realize some type of wireless sensing benefit (e.g., the primary ISAC RAN node can realize the benefit of "sensing-assisted communication" via the local MS-RL), an MS-RL with the same UE may exist. Additional / auxiliary sensing can provide communication assistance (i.e., "sensing-assisted communication") and / or provide sensing assistance (i.e., "sensing-assisted sensing").

[0081] For "Sense-Assisted Communication," the sense operation of the SS-RL assists the communication operation of the MC-RL. The primary ISAC RAN node may determine that the local MS-RL (if configured) is insufficient (e.g., there are not enough radio sensing benefits from "Sense-Assisted Communication" via the local MS-RL), therefore the primary ISAC RAN node triggers the "Assistant ISAC RAN Node Addition Procedure" via the Xn interface to request the auxiliary ISAC RAN node to establish and maintain the SS-RL. The auxiliary ISAC RAN node can establish and maintain the SS-RL and perform the requested radio sensing operation with the target UE via the SS-RL. Feedback of "Sense Result Information" is provided to the primary ISAC RAN node via the "ISAC RAN Node Sense Result Reporting Procedure" on the Xn interface. After receiving the "Sense Result Information," the primary ISAC RAN node can interpret, compile, and / or use it, and attempt to realize the additional radio sensing benefits from "Sense-Assisted Communication" from the SS-RL.

[0082] For "perception-assisted perception," the perception operations of the SS-RL assist the perception operations of the MS-RL. The primary ISAC RAN node may determine that its local MS-RL (if configured) is insufficient (e.g., lacking sufficient radio sensing capabilities via the local MS-RL). Therefore, the primary ISAC RAN node triggers a "secondary ISAC RAN node addition procedure" via the Xn interface to request the secondary ISAC RAN node to establish and maintain the SS-RL. The secondary ISAC RAN node can establish and maintain the SS-RL and perform the requested radio sensing operations with the target UE via the SS-RL. Feedback of "perception result information" is provided to the primary ISAC RAN node via the "ISAC RAN node perception result reporting procedure" on the Xn interface. Upon receiving the "perception result information," the primary ISAC RAN node can interpret, compile, and / or use it to improve its perception-related performance and attempt to realize the additional radio sensing benefits from "perception-assisted perception" from the SS-RL.

[0083] Figure 9 A dual-connectivity wireless communication system with an additional assisted sensing wireless link (“SS-RL”) is shown. Figure 8 An SC example is shown, while Figure 9 This is a DC example. For UEs already in DC mode (e.g., already having at least SC-RL or SS-RL), the primary ISAC RAN node can be allowed to modify the secondary ISAC RAN node as follows:

[0084] • For wireless sensing purposes (e.g., adding a new SS-RL);

[0085] • For wireless communication purposes (e.g., adding a new SC-RL);

[0086] • For wireless sensing purposes (e.g., modifying existing SS-RL);

[0087] • For wireless communication purposes (e.g., modification of existing SS-RL); and / or

[0088] • Can be used for both wireless communication and wireless sensing purposes (e.g., modifying both existing SS-RL and SC-RL simultaneously).

[0089] Figure 9 This illustrates cooperation between different ISAC RAN nodes in UE DC mode. In this embodiment, the UE is already in "DC mode" because the SC-RL on the SN side has been established, but the SS-RL has not yet been established. The MN can then use assistance from the SS-RL. Figure 9 In this configuration, the primary ISAC RAN node has established and maintained an MC-RL with the target UE for wireless communication purposes. Optionally, it establishes and maintains an MS-RL with the same UE to achieve some form of radio awareness benefits. For example, the primary ISAC RAN node can achieve the benefits of "aware-assisted communication" via the local MS-RL. For wireless communication purposes, the secondary ISAC RAN node has established and maintained an SC-RL with the target UE. Optionally, to achieve some type of radio awareness benefits, it has established and maintained an SS-RL with the same UE. For example, the secondary ISAC RAN node can achieve the benefits of "aware-assisted communication" via the local SS-RL.

[0090] For "Sense-Assisted Communication" in DC operations, the sense operation of the SS-RL assists the communication operation of the MC-RL. The primary ISAC RAN node determines whether the local MS-RL is sufficient. If there is insufficient benefit from "Sense-Assisted Communication" via the local MS-RL, the primary ISAC RAN node triggers the "Secondary ISAC RAN Node Modification Procedure" via the Xn interface. This can request the secondary ISAC RAN node to establish or modify the SS-RL. The secondary ISAC RAN node can establish or modify the SS-RL and perform the requested radio sense operation with the target UE via the SS-RL. Feedback of "Sense Result Information" is provided to the primary ISAC RAN node via the "ISAC RAN Node Sense Result Reporting Procedure" on the Xn interface. After obtaining the "Sense Result Information," the primary ISAC RAN node can interpret, compile, and / or use it to attempt to realize the additional radio sense benefits from "Sense-Assisted Communication" from the SS-RL.

[0091] For "perception-assisted perception" in DC operations, the perception operation of the SS-RL assists the perception operation of the MS-RL. The primary ISAC RAN node determines whether the local MS-RL is sufficient. If there is insufficient radio perception performance via the local MS-RL, the primary ISAC RAN node triggers the "auxiliary ISAC RAN node modification procedure" via the Xn interface. This requests the auxiliary ISAC RAN node to establish and / or modify the SS-RL. The auxiliary ISAC RAN node can establish or modify the SS-RL and perform the requested radio perception operation with the target UE via the SS-RL. Feedback of "perception result information" is provided to the primary ISAC RAN node via the "ISAC RAN node perception result reporting procedure" on the Xn interface. After obtaining the "perception result information," the primary ISAC RAN node can interpret, compile, and / or use it to improve radio perception-related performance and attempt to realize the additional radio perception benefits from "perception-assisted perception" from the SS-RL.

[0092] Figure 10An embodiment of communication for an add request with sensing-assisted communication is illustrated. The primary ISAC xNB has established and maintained an MC-RL (e.g., in the 3.5 GHz band) with the target UE for wireless communication, and also established and maintained an MS-RL (e.g., in the 6 GHz band) with the same UE for radio sensing. The MS-RL is based on a radar-type sensing mechanism implemented by the primary ISAC xNB and can be used to enhance MIMO beam management between the xNB and the UE. For example, the xNB can pre-optimize the serving beam selection of the MC-RL based on radar-type sensing feedback. This realizes the benefits of "sensing-assisted communication" via the local MS-RL. The primary ISAC xNB can coordinate with one or more neighboring ISAC xNBs regarding their respective radio sensing capabilities, resources, and operational status.

[0093] The primary ISAC xNB can determine if the local MS-RL is insufficient. For example, there may not be enough radio sensing benefits for MIMO beam management, so in box 1002, the primary ISAC xNB triggers the "Secondary ISAC RAN Node Addition Process" via the Xn interface. Sending a "Secondary ISAC RAN Node Addition Request" message to the secondary ISAC xNB includes the parameter information required to configure the "Secondary SS-RL" (e.g., the expected sensing band of 26 GHz, the "Sensing Result Information" reporting mode, and the radio sensing signal mode, etc.).

[0094] In block 1004, the auxiliary ISAC xNB receives a request from the primary ISAC xNB, thus enabling it to establish and maintain an SS-RL (e.g., in the 26 GHz band) and, in block 1006, respond to the primary ISAC xNB via the Xn interface with a “Supportive ISAC RAN Node Add Request Confirmation” message. It can also perform requested radio sensing operations with the target UE via the SS-RL (e.g., in the 26 GHz band). In block 1008, after obtaining some “sensing result information,” the auxiliary ISAC xNB provides feedback on the “sensing result information.” This can be periodically provided to the primary ISAC xNB via the Xn interface through the “ISAC RAN Node Sensing Result Reporting Process.” In alternative embodiments, the reporting can be sent once or together, rather than periodically. Periodic reporting may offer ongoing benefits (e.g., block 1012). In box 1010, an "ISAC RAN Node Perception Result Report" message is sent to the primary ISAC xNB, which contains available "perception result information".

[0095] In box 1012, after obtaining the "perception result information," the primary ISAC xNB can interpret, compile, and use it to assist the MC-RL in selecting the serving beam and attempt to realize the additional radio sensing benefits from the "perception-assisted communication" from the SS-RL. The secondary ISAC xNB continues to perform radio sensing on the target UE via the SS-RL and periodically reports the available "perception result information" to the primary ISAC xNB until it is stopped by command from the primary ISAC xNB or by itself for any reason.

[0096] Figure 11 An embodiment of communication for an add request with perception-assisted perception is illustrated. The primary ISAC gNB can establish and maintain an MC-RL (e.g., in the 2.6 GHz band) with a target UE for wireless communication purposes. It can also establish and maintain an MS-RL (e.g., in the 2.6 GHz band) with the same UE for wireless sensing purposes. The MS-RL can be based on a radar-type mechanism implemented by the primary ISAC xNB and can be used to measure and / or assess the location and trajectory of the target UE. For example, the gNB can predict the UE's mobility profile in advance based on radar-type perception feedback and realize the benefits of "perception-assisted perception" via the local MS-RL. The primary ISAC gNB can coordinate with one or more neighboring ISAC xNBs regarding their respective wireless sensing capabilities, resources, and operational status.

[0097] The primary ISAC gNB can determine whether the local MS-RL is sufficient (including whether the UE positioning accuracy performance is sufficient). In block 1102, the primary ISAC gNB triggers the "Secondary ISAC RAN Node Addition Process" via the Xn interface. This may include sending a "Secondary ISAC RAN Node Addition Request" message to the secondary ISAC xNB in ​​block 1104. This may also include parameter information for configuring the "Secondary SS-RL" (e.g., the expected sensing band of 60 GHz), the "Sensing Result Information" reporting mode, and the radio sensing signal mode. In block 1106, the secondary ISAC xNB accepts the request from the primary ISAC gNB, so the secondary ISAC xNB can establish and maintain the SS-RL (e.g., in the 60 GHz band), and also replies to the primary ISAC gNB via the Xn interface in block 1108 with a "Secondary ISAC RAN Node Addition Request Confirmation" message, and further performs the requested radio sensing operations with the target UE via the SS-RL (e.g., in the 60 GHz band).

[0098] Upon receiving the "Perception Result Information," the auxiliary ISAC xNB can provide feedback on it. This can be done in block 1110 via the Xn interface through the "ISAC RAN Node Perception Result Reporting Process" (once, intermittently, or periodically) to the primary ISAC gNB. This can include sending an "ISAC RAN Node Perception Result Report" message (including the available "Perception Result Information") to the primary ISAC gNB in ​​block 1110. After receiving the "Perception Result Information," the primary ISAC gNB can interpret, compile, and use it in block 1112 to assist in assessing the target UE's location and trajectory, and attempt to realize the additional radio sensing benefits from "Perception-Assisted Perception" from the SS-RL. The auxiliary ISAC xNB continues to perform radio sensing on the target UE via the SS-RL and periodically reports the available "Perception Result Information" to the primary ISAC gNB until the primary ISAC gNB commands or instructs itself to stop for any reason. In alternative embodiments, the reports can be sent once or together, rather than periodically.

[0099] Figure 12 An embodiment of communication for a modification request with perceptual assistance communication is shown. Figure 12 In this process, an SS-RL must be established. For wireless communication purposes, the primary ISAC xNB and the secondary ISAC xNB establish and maintain the MC-RL and SC-RL with the target UE, respectively (e.g., in the 3.5 GHz band). The primary ISAC xNB also establishes and maintains the MS-RL with the same UE (e.g., in the 6 GHz band) for wireless communication purposes. This MS-RL can be based on a radar-type mechanism implemented by the primary ISAC xNB and can be used to enhance MIMO beam management between the xNB and the UE. For example, the xNB can pre-optimize the serving beam selection of the MC-RL based on radar-type sensing feedback. This enables the benefits of "sense-assisted communication" via the local MS-RL. The primary ISAC xNB can coordinate with the secondary ISAC xNB regarding their respective radio sensing capabilities, resources, and operational status.

[0100] The primary ISAC xNB determines whether the local MS-RL is sufficient. This may include determining whether there are sufficient radio sensing benefits from MIMO beam management. In box 1202, the primary ISAC xNB triggers a "Secondary ISAC RAN Node Modification Procedure" via the Xn interface. This may include sending a "Secondary ISAC RAN Node Modification Request" message to the secondary ISAC xNB in ​​box 1204, including parameter information required to configure the "Secondary SS-RL" (e.g., the expected sensing band of 26 GHz), such as the "Sensing Result Information" reporting mode and the radio sensing signal mode.

[0101] In box 1206, the auxiliary ISAC xNB receives a request from the primary ISAC xNB, and therefore the auxiliary ISAC xNB should establish and maintain the SS-RL (e.g., in the 26 GHz band). In box 1208, it replies to the primary ISAC xNB via the Xn interface with an "Auxiliary ISAC RAN Node Modification Request Confirmation" message, and further performs the requested radio sensing operation with the target UE via the SS-RL (e.g., in the 26 GHz band). After obtaining some "sensing result information," in box 1210, the auxiliary ISAC xNB feeds back the "sensing result information" to the primary ISAC xNB via the Xn interface through the "ISAC RAN Node Sensing Result Reporting Procedure." This may include sending an "ISAC RAN Node Sensing Result Report" message (including the available "sensing result information") to the primary ISAC xNB. Upon receiving the "perception result information," in box 1212, the primary ISAC xNB should interpret, compile, and / or use it to assist the MC-RL in selecting the serving beam and attempt to realize the additional radio sensing benefits from the "perception-assisted communication" from the SS-RL. In some embodiments, perception result reports are provided periodically, thus the benefits of box 1212 persist. Specifically, the auxiliary ISAC xNB continues to perform radio sensing on the target UE via the SS-RL and periodically reports available "perception result information" to the primary ISAC xNB until the primary ISAC xNB commands or instructs it to cease for any reason.

[0102] Figure 13 Another embodiment of communication for a modification request with perceptual assistance communication is shown. Figure 13An embodiment is illustrated where the SS-RL has already been established and exists, but now needs to be modified. This embodiment modifies the existing SS-RL. For wireless communication purposes, the primary ISAC xNB and the secondary ISAC xNB have established and continue to maintain MC-RL and SC-RL with the target UE (e.g., in the 3.5 GHz band), respectively. The secondary ISAC xNB also establishes and maintains SS-RL with the same UE (e.g., in the 26 GHz band) for wireless communication purposes. The SS-RL can be based on a radar-type mechanism implemented by the secondary ISAC xNB and can be used to enhance MIMO beam management between the primary ISAC xNB and the UE. For example, the primary ISAC xNB can pre-optimize the serving beam selection of the MC-RL based on sensing feedback from the secondary ISAC xNB. This enables the benefits of "sense-assisted communication" via the SS-RL. The primary ISAC xNB can coordinate with the secondary ISAC xNB regarding their respective radio sensing capabilities, resources, and operational status.

[0103] The primary ISAC xNB determines whether the SS-RL is sufficient. If it is insufficient, there is no benefit to radio sensing for MIMO beam management, and in box 1302, the primary ISAC xNB triggers the "Secondary ISAC RAN Node Modification Process" via the Xn interface. This may include sending a "Secondary ISAC RAN Node Modification Request" message to the secondary ISAC xNB in ​​box 1304, which includes updated parameter information for reconfiguring the "Secondary SS-RL" (e.g., the expected new sensing band of 38 GHz, the "Sensing Result Information" reporting mode, and / or the radio sensing signal mode, etc.).

[0104] In block 1306, the auxiliary ISAC xNB receives a request from the primary ISAC xNB, thus enabling the auxiliary ISAC xNB to establish and maintain the SS-RL (e.g., in the 38 GHz band). In block 1308, it replies to the primary ISAC xNB via the Xn interface with an "Auxiliary ISAC RAN Node Modification Request Confirmation" message and further performs the requested radio-aware operation with the target UE via the SS-RL (e.g., in the 38 GHz band). In this embodiment, the SS-RL already exists and has been established, but it has been modified. Other embodiments include creating and / or establishing the SS-RL.

[0105] After obtaining some "perception result information," the auxiliary ISAC xNB feeds back the "perception result information" to the primary ISAC xNB via the Xn interface through the "ISAC RAN Node Perception Result Reporting Process," for example, periodically. Specifically, in block 1310, an "ISAC RAN Node Perception Result Report" message (including available "perception result information") is sent to the primary ISAC xNB. After obtaining the "perception result information," in block 1312, the primary ISAC xNB may interpret, compile, and / or use them to assist the MC-RL in serving beam selection and attempt to realize the additional radio sensing benefits from the "perception-assisted communication" from the SS-RL. In some embodiments where perception result reports are sent periodically, the auxiliary ISAC xNB continues to perform radio sensing of the target UE via the SS-RL and periodically reports available "perception result information" to the primary ISAC xNB until the primary ISAC xNB commands or indicates it to stop for any reason. In this embodiment, the benefits of "perception-assisted communication" persist.

[0106] Figure 14 Another embodiment of communication for a modification request with sensing-assisted communication is illustrated. For wireless communication purposes, the primary ISAC xNB and the secondary ISAC xNB have established and maintained MC-RL and SC-RL with the target UE, respectively (e.g., in the 3.5 GHz band). The secondary ISAC xNB also establishes and maintains SS-RL with the same UE (e.g., in the 26 GHz band) for wireless communication purposes. The SS-RL can be based on a radar-type mechanism implemented by the secondary ISAC xNB and can be used to enhance MIMO beam management between the primary ISAC xNB and the UE. For example, the primary ISAC xNB can pre-optimize the serving beam selection of the MC-RL based on sensing feedback from the secondary ISAC xNB. This enables the benefits of "sensing-assisted communication" via the SS-RL. The primary ISAC xNB can coordinate with the secondary ISAC xNB regarding their respective radio sensing capabilities, resources, and operational status.

[0107] The primary ISAC xNB determines whether the SS-RL is sufficient. If not, there is a radio-aware benefit for MIMO beam management, therefore, in box 1402, the primary ISAC xNB triggers a "Secondary ISAC RAN Node Modification Procedure" via the Xn interface. This may include sending a "Secondary ISAC RAN Node Modification Request" message to the secondary ISAC xNB in ​​box 1404, including updated parameter information required to reconfigure the "Secondary SS-RL" (e.g., the anticipated new sensing band of 38 GHz, the "Sensing Result Information" reporting mode, and / or the radio-aware signal mode, etc.).

[0108] In this embodiment, as shown in block 1406, if the secondary ISAC xNB rejects a request from the primary ISAC xNB due to local resource reasons, it provides a “Secondary ISAC RAN Node Modification Rejection” message to the primary ISAC xNB via the Xn interface in block 1408. It then ceases performing radio-aware operations with the target UE via the existing SS-RL (e.g., in the 26 GHz band), thus providing no benefit in block 1410. Upon receiving the “Secondary ISAC RAN Node Modification Rejection” message, the primary ISAC xNB knows that the attempt to reconfigure the “Secondary SS-RL” with the secondary ISAC xNB has failed, and can then take further additional actions in block 1412.

[0109] Figure 15 An embodiment of communication for a modification request with perception-assisted perception is illustrated. For wireless communication purposes, the primary ISAC gNB and the secondary ISAC xNB have established and maintained MC-RL and SC-RL with the target UE, respectively (e.g., in the 60 GHz band). The primary ISAC gNB also establishes and maintains MS-RL with the same UE (e.g., in the 60 GHz band) for wireless communication purposes. The MS-RL can be based on a radar-type mechanism implemented by the primary ISAC gNB, which can be used to enhance UE imaging management between the gNB and the UE. For example, the primary ISAC gNB can monitor UE images based on radar-type perception feedback. This enables the benefits of "perception-assisted perception" via the local MS-RL. The primary ISAC gNB can coordinate with the secondary ISAC xNB regarding their respective wireless perception capabilities, resources, and operational status.

[0110] The primary ISAC gNB determines whether the local MS-RL is sufficient. If not, UE imaging management does not benefit from radio sensing, and then in box 1502, the primary ISAC gNB triggers a "Secondary ISAC RAN Node Modification Procedure" via the Xn interface. This may include sending a "Secondary ISAC RAN Node Modification Request" message to the secondary ISAC xNB in ​​box 1504. It may include parameter information for configuring the "Secondary SS-RL" (e.g., the expected sensing band of 600 GHz, the "Sensing Result Information" reporting mode, and / or the radio sensing signal mode, etc.).

[0111] In box 1506, the auxiliary ISAC xNB receives a request from the primary ISAC gNB, thus enabling the auxiliary ISAC xNB to establish and maintain the SS-RL (e.g., in the 600 GHz band) and, in box 1508, to reply to the primary ISAC gNB via the Xn interface with a “Supportive ISAC RAN Node Modification Request Confirmation” message. It can also perform requested radio-aware operations with the target UE via the SS-RL (e.g., in the 600 GHz band).

[0112] After obtaining the "perception result information," the auxiliary ISAC xNB feeds back the "perception result information" to the primary ISAC gNB via the Xn interface through the "ISAC RAN Node Perception Result Reporting Process." This may include sending an "ISAC RAN Node Perception Result Report" message to the primary ISAC gNB in ​​box 1510, including the available "perception result information." Upon obtaining the "perception result information," the primary ISAC gNB can interpret, compile, and use it to assist UE imaging, and in box 1512, attempt to realize the additional radio sensing benefits from "perception-assisted perception" from the SS-RL. The auxiliary ISAC xNB continues to perform radio sensing on the target UE via the SS-RL and reports the available "perception result information" to the primary ISAC gNB until the primary ISAC gNB commands or instructs it to stop for any reason.

[0113] Figure 16 Another embodiment of communication for a modification request with perception-assisted perception is shown. Figure 16 An embodiment is shown in which an SS-RL has already been established, but has now been modified. For wireless communication purposes, the primary ISAC gNB and the secondary ISAC xNB have established and maintained MC-RL and SC-RL with the target UE respectively (e.g., in the 26 GHz band), and the secondary ISAC xNB also establishes and maintains an SS-RL with the same UE for wireless communication purposes (e.g., in the 6.5 GHz band). The SS-RL can be based on a radar-type mechanism implemented by the secondary ISAC xNB and can be used to enhance UE imaging management between the primary ISAC gNB and the UE. For example, the primary ISAC gNB can monitor UE images based on sensing feedback from the secondary ISAC xNB to achieve the benefits of "sensing-assisted sensing" via the SS-RL. The primary ISAC gNB can coordinate with the secondary ISAC xNB regarding their respective wireless sensing capabilities, resources, and operational status.

[0114] The primary ISAC gNB determines whether the SS-RL is sufficient. If the UE imaging management does not provide sufficient radio sensing benefits, in box 1602, the primary ISAC gNB triggers a "Secondary ISAC RAN Node Modification Procedure" via the Xn interface. This may include sending a "Secondary ISAC RAN Node Modification Request" message to the secondary ISAC xNB in ​​box 1604, which includes updated parameter information for reconfiguring the "Secondary SS-RL" (e.g., the anticipated new sensing band 70 GHz, the "Sensing Result Information" reporting mode, and / or the radio sensing signal mode, etc.).

[0115] In box 1606, the auxiliary ISAC xNB accepts a request from the primary ISAC gNB. The auxiliary ISAC xNB can establish and maintain an SS-RL (e.g., in the 70 GHz band) and, in box 1608, reply to the primary ISAC gNB via the Xn interface with an "Auxiliary ISAC RAN Node Modification Request Confirmation" message, and further perform the requested radio-aware operation with the target UE via the SS-RL (e.g., in the 70 GHz band).

[0116] After obtaining the "perception result information," the auxiliary ISAC xNB feeds back the "perception result information" to the primary ISAC gNB via the Xn interface through the "ISAC RAN Node Perception Result Reporting Process." This may include sending an "ISAC RAN Node Perception Result Report" message to the primary ISAC gNB in ​​box 1610, which includes the available "perception result information." After obtaining the "perception result information," in box 1612, the primary ISAC gNB can interpret, compile, and use it to assist UE imaging and attempt to realize the additional radio sensing benefits from "perception-assisted perception" from the SS-RL. The auxiliary ISAC xNB continues to perform radio sensing on the target UE via the SS-RL and reports the available "perception result information" to the primary ISAC gNB until the primary ISAC gNB commands or instructs it to stop for any reason.

[0117] Figure 17Another embodiment of communication for a modification request with perception-assisted perception is illustrated. For wireless communication purposes, the primary ISAC gNB and the secondary ISAC xNB have established and maintained MC-RL and SC-RL (e.g., in the 3.5 GHz band) with the target UE, respectively. The secondary ISAC xNB also establishes and maintains SS-RL (e.g., in the 65 GHz band) with the same UE for wireless communication purposes. The SS-RL is based on a radar-type mechanism implemented by the secondary ISAC xNB and can be used to enhance UE imaging management between the primary ISAC gNB and the UE. For example, the primary ISAC gNB can monitor UE images based on perception feedback from the secondary ISAC xNB to achieve the benefits of "perception-assisted perception" via the SS-RL. The primary ISAC gNB can coordinate with the secondary ISAC xNB regarding their respective wireless sensing capabilities, resources, and operational status.

[0118] The primary ISAC gNB determines whether the SS-RL is sufficient. If it is insufficient, there is no benefit of radio sensing for UE imaging management, therefore, in box 1702, the primary ISAC gNB triggers the "Secondary ISAC RAN Node Modification Procedure" via the Xn interface. This may include sending a "Secondary ISAC RAN Node Modification Request" message to the secondary ISAC xNB in ​​box 1704, including updated parameter information required to reconfigure the "Secondary SS-RL" (e.g., the expected new sensing band 70 GHz, the "Sensing Result Information" reporting mode, and / or the radio sensing signal mode, etc.).

[0119] In this embodiment, in block 1706, the secondary ISAC xNB rejects a request from the primary ISAC gNB due to local resource reasons. This may include replying to the primary ISAC gNB with a “Secondary ISAC RAN Node Modification Rejection” message via the Xn interface in block 1708. This halts radio awareness operations with the target UE via the existing SS-RL (e.g., in the 65 GHz band), thus offering no further benefit as in block 1710. Upon receiving the “Secondary ISAC RAN Node Modification Rejection” message, the primary ISAC gNB knows that the attempt to reconfigure the “Secondary SS-RL” with the secondary ISAC xNB has failed and may take further action in block 1712.

[0120] The aforementioned systems and processes can be encoded in a signal-bearing medium, a computer-readable medium such as memory, programmed within a device (such as one or more integrated circuits, one or more processors), or processed by a controller or computer. The data can be analyzed in a computer system and used to generate a spectrum. If these methods are executed by software, the software can reside in memory that resides in or is connected to a storage device, synchronizer, communication interface, or reside in non-volatile or volatile memory communicating with a transmitter. A circuit or electronic device is designed to transmit data to another location. Memory can include an ordered list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions. The described logical functions or any system elements can be implemented by optical circuitry, digital circuitry, source code, analog circuitry, analog sources (such as analog electrical, audio, or video signals), or combinations thereof. Software can be embodied in any computer-readable or signal-bearing medium for use by or in conjunction with an instruction-executable system, apparatus, or device. Such a system can include a computer-based system, a processor-containing system, or another system that can selectively retrieve instructions from an instruction-executable system, apparatus, or device that can also execute instructions.

[0121] "Computer-readable medium," "machine-readable medium," "transmitting signal" medium, and / or "signal-bearing medium" can include any device that stores, communicates, transmits, or transports software for use by or in connection with an instruction-executable system, apparatus, or device. Machine-readable media may optionally be, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatuses, devices, or transmission media. A non-exhaustive list of examples of machine-readable media would include: "electronic" electrical connections with one or more wires, portable magnetic disks or optical disks, volatile memory such as random access memory "RAM," read-only memory "ROM," erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), or optical fiber. Machine-readable media may also include tangible media on which software is printed, as the software may be electronically stored as an image or in another format (e.g., by optical scanning) and then compiled, and / or interpreted or otherwise processed. The processed medium may then be stored in computer and / or machine memory.

[0122] The illustrations of the embodiments described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of various embodiments. These illustrations are not intended as a complete description of all elements and features of apparatuses and systems utilizing the structures or methods described herein. Many other embodiments may be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this disclosure. Other embodiments can be utilized and derived from this disclosure, allowing for structural and logical substitutions and changes without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Furthermore, these illustrations are merely representative and may not be drawn to scale. Some scales in the figures may be enlarged, while others may be reduced. Therefore, this disclosure and the accompanying drawings should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive.

[0123] One or more embodiments of this disclosure may be individually referred to and / or collectively as the “Invention” herein, merely for convenience and not intended to voluntarily limit the scope of this application to any particular invention or inventive concept. Furthermore, although specific embodiments have been shown and described herein, it should be understood that any subsequent arrangements designed to achieve the same or similar purpose may replace the specific embodiments shown. This disclosure is intended to cover any and all subsequent modifications or variations of the various embodiments. Combinations of the above embodiments, as well as other embodiments not specifically described herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the specification.

[0124] The phrase "coupled to" is defined as a direct connection to or an indirect connection via one or more intermediate components. Such intermediate components may include hardware-based and software-based components. Variations in the arrangement and type of components may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the claims described herein. Additional, different, or fewer components may be provided.

[0125] The subject matter disclosed above should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive, and the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications, enhancements, and other embodiments falling within the true spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the scope of the invention will be determined by the broadest permissible interpretation of the following claims and their equivalents, and should not be construed as limited by the detailed description above. While various embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art will understand that many more embodiments and implementations may be possible within the scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited except as provided in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A wireless communication method executed by a master node, comprising: The local primary sensing radio link (MS-RL) between the user equipment (UE) and the UE is found to be insufficient. In response to the determination that the local MS-RL is insufficient, an integrated wireless sensing and communication ISAC node addition or modification request is sent to the auxiliary node; as well as Receive confirmation from the auxiliary node of the request to add or modify the ISAC node; Receive a sensing result report generated by the wireless sensing operation performed by the auxiliary node and the UE together; as well as Based on the report, adjust the wireless communication with the UE or improve the perception performance of the master node.

2. The wireless communication method according to claim 1, wherein, The ISAC node add request causes the auxiliary node to establish an auxiliary radio sensing link (SS-RL) with the UE.

3. The wireless communication method according to claim 1, wherein, The UE is in a dual-connection state with the master node and the auxiliary node.

4. The wireless communication method according to claim 3, wherein the dual connectivity comprises a combination of any two of the following: The sensed radio link S-RL between the UE and the master node; The communication radio link C-RL between the UE and the master node; The S-RL between the UE and the auxiliary node; The C-RL between the UE and the auxiliary node.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The perception result reports are sent periodically.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The perception result reports are sent on demand.

7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein, Send a request to the auxiliary node to stop sending the perception result report.

8. A wireless communication method performed by an auxiliary node, comprising: Receive the integrated sensing and communication ISAC node addition or modification request sent by the master node in response to the determination that the local master sensing radio link MS-RL between the user equipment UE is insufficient; Send confirmation of the ISAC node addition or modification request to the master node; Perform wireless sensing operations together with the UE; Obtain sensing result information from wireless sensing operations; Prepare a report on the perception results; as well as Based on the ISAC node add or modify request, the perception result report is sent to the master node.

9. The wireless communication method according to claim 8, wherein, When the auxiliary node receives the add request from the ISAC node, it establishes an auxiliary radio-aware link (SS-RL) with the UE.

10. The wireless communication method according to claim 8, wherein, Sending the perception result report to the master node includes: The sensing result report is periodically sent to the master node.

11. The wireless communication method according to claim 8, wherein, Sending the perception result report to the master node includes: The perception result report is sent to the master node by aggregating multiple reports in a single transmission.

12. The wireless communication method according to claim 8, wherein, The UE is in a dual-connection state with the master node and the auxiliary node.

13. The wireless communication method according to claim 12, wherein the dual connectivity comprises a combination of any two of the following: The sensed radio link S-RL between the UE and the master node; The communication radio link C-RL between the UE and the master node; The S-RL between the UE and the auxiliary node; The C-RL between the UE and the auxiliary node.

14. The method of claim 8, further comprising: The perception results are used to assist in wireless communication with the UE or to improve the perception performance of the master node.

15. A wireless communication device, the wireless communication device comprising a processor and a memory, wherein, The processor is configured to read code from the memory and implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

16. A computer program product comprising computer-readable program medium code stored thereon, the code, when executed by a processor, causing the processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

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