Rock breaking device and method based on liquid carbon dioxide gas phase change expansion

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of gas expansion rock breaking, and discloses a liquid carbon dioxide gas phase change expansion rock breaking device and method, which comprises a cracking pipe filled with liquid carbon dioxide, a metal shell sleeved outside the cracking pipe, a vacuum layer formed between the metal shell and the cracking pipe, a gas release assembly arranged on the outer wall of the cracking pipe and extending out of the metal shell, a plugging device comprising a plugging head arranged above the metal shell and pressure heads arranged on the upper and lower sides of the plugging head, and a wire electrically connected at one end to the cracking pipe and the pressure heads and used for sending a control signal to the device. The present application has simple structure, is convenient to use, reduces the influence of external environment, reduces energy loss in the rock breaking process, improves rock breaking efficiency and effect, and can also improve protection of the cracking pipe and the gas release assembly, avoid damage of underground rock layers and rock breaking impact process, improve safety, and realize repeated use of the equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of gas expansion rock breaking technology, and particularly relates to a rock breaking device and method based on liquid carbon dioxide gas phase change expansion. Background Technology

[0002] Gas rock breaking technology is a method that uses high-pressure gas shock waves to break rocks. The explosive is delivered into the borehole by gas pressure, and detonated after being electrified under certain conditions, which generates high-pressure gas shock waves to break the rocks.

[0003] The use of liquid gas for blasting is now commonplace. Some use liquid carbon dioxide, while others use liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen, all of which have good rock-breaking effects.

[0004] However, regardless of whether it's carbon dioxide, liquid nitrogen, or liquid oxygen rock breaking, existing gas rock breaking technologies still have the following problems:

[0005] 1. Poor sealing performance allows gas to escape upwards from the gap between the fracturing pipe and the borehole wall without impacting the rock or soil mass, resulting in low rock breaking efficiency and insufficient mining efficiency.

[0006] 2. Before the liquid gas expands and breaks the rock, it may not be able to maintain its original temperature due to the influence of the external environment, which will affect the rock breaking effect; the shock wave generated when the liquid gas expands and breaks the rock will damage the fracturing tube.

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a rock-breaking device and method based on liquid carbon dioxide gas phase change expansion, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a rock-breaking device and method based on liquid carbon dioxide gas phase change expansion.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a rock-breaking device based on liquid carbon dioxide gas phase change expansion, comprising:

[0010] A fracturing tube extends into the rock-breaking area and is filled with liquid carbon dioxide.

[0011] A metal casing is fitted over the fracturing tube, and a vacuum layer is formed between the metal casing and the fracturing tube;

[0012] A venting assembly is disposed on the outer wall of the fracturing tube, and extends toward and out of the metal housing;

[0013] A blocking device includes a blocking head disposed on top of a metal casing, and pressure heads disposed on the upper and lower sides of the blocking head to compress and deform the blocking head to achieve sealing;

[0014] A wire, one end of which is electrically connected to the fracturing tube and the pressure head, sends a control signal to the device.

[0015] Preferably, an exciter is attached to the outer wall of the fracturing tube to excite the liquid carbon dioxide inside the fracturing tube.

[0016] Preferably, the venting assembly includes a plurality of venting holes that penetrate the outer wall of the fracturing tube, and a plurality of venting pipes corresponding to the venting holes are provided outside the fracturing tube, the venting pipes extending toward and out of the metal shell.

[0017] Preferably, a sealing plate is provided inside the vent pipe to seal the vent pipe and prevent the release of liquid carbon dioxide from the ruptured pipe.

[0018] Preferably, a connecting rod is fixedly connected to the top of the fracturing tube, and the top end of the metal shell is gathered and fixed to the outer wall of the connecting rod; the plug and the pressure head are sleeved on the connecting rod.

[0019] Preferably, an exhaust pipe is provided at the top of the metal casing, and the exhaust pipe is in communication with the vacuum layer.

[0020] Preferably, the conductor includes an excitation conductor and a pressure head conductor, the excitation conductor being electrically connected to the exciter, and the pressure head conductor being electrically connected to the pressure head.

[0021] Preferably, a pressure sensor is provided above the side wall of the fracturing tube to monitor the state of the liquid carbon dioxide inside the fracturing tube.

[0022] Preferably, the outer wall of the metal casing is provided with a vacuum tube, which is in communication with the vacuum layer.

[0023] A rock-breaking method based on liquid carbon dioxide gas phase change expansion includes the following steps:

[0024] Assemble a rock-breaking device based on liquid carbon dioxide gas phase change expansion;

[0025] Drill holes in the ground in the target area to create channels;

[0026] Inspect the venting assembly, then inject liquid carbon dioxide into the fracturing tube;

[0027] The space between the fracturing tube and the metal shell is evacuated by a vacuum pumping device to form a vacuum layer, thus completing the preparation work before use.

[0028] The processed equipment is inserted into the duct, and the wires are led out to the ground.

[0029] The pressure head is activated by a wire to squeeze the plug head, causing the plug head to deform and block the channel;

[0030] The liquid carbon dioxide inside the fracturing tube is heated and expanded by the actuator of the wire-starting rod. After breaking through the venting component, it is discharged into the borehole and impacts the rock mass inside the borehole.

[0031] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages and technical effects: This invention discloses a rock-breaking device and method based on liquid carbon dioxide gas phase change expansion. A metal shell is installed outside the fracturing tube, which protects the fracturing tube from damage by underground rock strata and reduces the damage to the fracturing tube from shock waves during rock breaking, thus improving safety. It also enables the equipment to be reused and reduces operating costs. Simultaneously, by creating a vacuum, a vacuum zone can be formed between the fracturing tube and the metal shell, effectively protecting the liquid gas inside the fracturing tube and preventing heat exchange with the external environment, thereby increasing the rock-breaking pressure and efficiency. Furthermore, the vacuum layer also reduces the impact on the fracturing tube during blasting. The service life is extended; the plugging device above the fracturing tube consists of a pressure head and a plugging head. When started, the plugging head is compressed longitudinally and extended laterally under the action of the pressure head, deforming into a disc-shaped structure that fits tightly against the channel, effectively sealing the channel and preventing gas from diffusing outward, reducing the loss of rock-breaking pressure in the fracturing tube and improving rock-breaking efficiency; the venting component is set on the outer wall of the fracturing tube and extends to the outside of the metal shell. When the hydraulic carbon dioxide in the fracturing tube expands, it is discharged from the venting component to the outside of the metal shell. The whole is set in a vacuum layer, which has high protection and at the same time allows the expanded and vaporized liquid carbon dioxide to be discharged under restraint, impacting the surrounding rock mass, improving the efficiency and effect of rock breaking.

[0032] This invention has a simple structure and is easy to use. It reduces the impact of the external environment, reduces energy loss during rock breaking, and improves rock breaking efficiency and effect. At the same time, it can also improve the protection of the fracturing tube and the gas venting components, avoid damage to underground rock strata and rock breaking impact process, improve safety, and make the equipment reusable. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the rock-breaking device based on liquid carbon dioxide gas phase change expansion according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the rock-breaking device based on liquid carbon dioxide gas phase change expansion according to the present invention;

[0036] In the diagram: 1. Inlet pipe; 2. Excitation wire; 3. Exhaust pipe; 4. Fracturing tube; 5. Metal casing; 6. Exciter; 7. Vacuum layer; 8. Plug head; 9. Pressure head; 10. Vacuum tube; 11. Vent hole; 12. Sealing plate; 13. Pluging device; 14. Connecting rod; 15. Pressure head wire; 16. Pressure sensor; 17. Channel; 18. Ground. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] Reference Figures 1-2 As shown, this embodiment provides a rock-breaking device based on liquid carbon dioxide gas phase change expansion, comprising:

[0040] Fracturing tube 4 extends into the rock-to-be-broken area and is filled with liquid carbon dioxide.

[0041] A metal outer shell 5 is fitted over the fracturing tube 4, and a vacuum layer 7 is formed between the metal outer shell 5 and the fracturing tube 4.

[0042] A venting assembly is disposed on the outer wall of the fracturing tube 4, and extends toward and out of the metal housing 5.

[0043] The blocking device 13 includes a blocking head 8 disposed above the metal casing 5, and pressure heads 9 are respectively disposed on the upper and lower sides of the blocking head 8. The blocking head 8 is compressed and deformed to achieve sealing.

[0044] A wire, one end of which is electrically connected to the fracturing tube 4 and the pressure head 9, sends a control signal to the device.

[0045] This invention discloses a rock-breaking device and method based on liquid carbon dioxide gas phase change expansion. A metal outer shell 5 is installed outside the fracturing tube 4, which protects the fracturing tube 4 from damage by underground rock strata and reduces the damage to the fracturing tube 4 from shock waves during rock breaking, improving safety and enabling the equipment to be reused, thus reducing operating costs. Simultaneously, by drawing a vacuum, a vacuum area can be formed between the fracturing tube 4 and the metal outer shell 5, effectively protecting the liquid gas inside the fracturing tube 4 and preventing heat exchange with the external environment, thereby increasing the rock-breaking pressure and efficiency. Furthermore, the vacuum layer 7 also reduces the impact on the fracturing tube 4 during blasting, extending its service life. On the upper part of the fracturing tube 4... The blocking device 13 consists of a pressure head 9 and a blocking head 8. Upon activation, the blocking head 8 is compressed longitudinally and extended laterally under the action of the pressure head 9, deforming into a disc-shaped structure tightly adhering to the channel 17. This effectively blocks the channel 17, preventing gas from diffusing outwards, reducing the loss of rock-breaking pressure in the fracturing tube 4, and improving rock-breaking efficiency. The venting component is located on the outer wall of the fracturing tube 4 and extends to the outside of the metal casing 5. When the hydraulic carbon dioxide inside the fracturing tube 4 expands, it is discharged from the venting component to the outside of the metal casing 5. The entire assembly is located within the vacuum layer 7, providing high protection. Simultaneously, it allows the expanded and vaporized liquid carbon dioxide to be discharged under constraint, impacting the surrounding rock mass, thus improving rock-breaking efficiency and effectiveness. This invention has a simple structure, is easy to use, reduces the influence of the external environment, reduces energy loss during rock-breaking, improves rock-breaking efficiency and effectiveness, and also enhances the protection of the fracturing tube 4 and the venting component, preventing damage to underground rock strata and the rock-breaking impact process, improving safety, and enabling the equipment to be reused.

[0046] To further optimize the design, an exciter 6 is fitted to the outer wall of the fracturing tube 4 to excite the liquid carbon dioxide inside the fracturing tube 4. The function of the exciter 6 is to excite the liquid carbon dioxide. When activated, an excitation signal is input to the exciter 6 via a wire. The exciter 6 generates an electric arc to release energy, causing the liquid carbon dioxide inside the fracturing tube 4 to heat up, vaporize, and expand. This generates high-pressure carbon dioxide gas that forces open the venting assembly. The high-pressure gas impacts the rock and simultaneously increases the pressure inside the borehole 17, thus achieving rock breaking within the borehole 17.

[0047] Further optimization of the scheme: the venting assembly includes several venting holes 11 penetrating the outer wall of the fracturing tube 4. Several venting pipes corresponding to the venting holes 11 are installed outside the fracturing tube 4, extending towards and beyond the metal casing 5. A sealing plate 12 is installed inside the venting pipe to seal it and prevent the release of liquid carbon dioxide from the fracturing tube 4. Several venting holes 11 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the outer wall of the fracturing tube 4, while the metal casing 5 has openings corresponding to the venting holes 11. The venting pipes are positioned between the venting holes 11 and the openings to facilitate the release of carbon dioxide. Simultaneously, the venting pipes are protected within the metal casing 5 to prevent scratching. The sealing plate 12 inside the venting pipe ensures that the liquid carbon dioxide inside the fracturing tube 4 does not leak out. When the exciter 6 stimulates the expansion of carbon dioxide, the pressure inside the fracturing tube 4 increases, causing the sealing plate 12 to rupture, and the remaining carbon dioxide is released through the venting pipe, achieving rock breaking.

[0048] Furthermore, in this embodiment, there are thirty-six vent holes 11, which are evenly spaced on the outer surface of the rupture tube 4.

[0049] In a further optimized design, a connecting rod 14 is fixedly connected to the top of the fracturing tube 4, and the top of the metal shell 5 is gathered and fixed to the outer wall of the connecting rod 14; the plugging head 8 and the pressure head 9 are sleeved on the connecting rod 14. The connecting rod 14 is fixed to the top of the fracturing tube 4 for easy control of the fracturing tube 4; the top of the metal shell 5 is sealed and gathered together and fixed to the connecting rod 14 with bolts, which facilitates the movement of the fracturing tube 4 and the metal shell 5 by the connecting rod 14, and facilitates the overall entry and exit of the control device into the channel 17.

[0050] In a further optimized design, an exhaust pipe 3 is installed at the top of the metal casing 5, and the exhaust pipe 3 is connected to the vacuum layer 7; a vacuum extraction pipe 10 is installed on the outer wall of the metal casing 5, and the vacuum extraction pipe 10 is connected to the vacuum layer 7. The exhaust pipe 3 is installed in connection with the vacuum layer 7 to allow the vacuum layer 7 to communicate with the outside world; the vacuum extraction pipe 10 on the metal casing 5 is used to create a vacuum layer 7 by drawing a vacuum between the fracturing tube 4 and the metal casing 5.

[0051] The design is further optimized, with the wiring including an excitation wire 2 and a pressure head wire 15. The excitation wire 2 is electrically connected to the exciter 6, and the pressure head wire 15 is electrically connected to the pressure head 9. The excitation wire 2 is used to control the operation of the exciter 6, and the pressure head wire 15 is connected to the pressure head 9 to control its operation. The excitation wire 2 and the pressure head wire 15 are bundled together and arranged along the connecting rod 14, extending to the outside of the channel 17 and connecting to the control device. When the equipment needs to operate, the control device sends signals to the pressure head 9 and the exciter 6 in sequence to control their activation.

[0052] To further optimize the design, a pressure sensor 16 is installed on the upper side wall of the fracturing tube 4 to monitor the state of the liquid carbon dioxide inside the fracturing tube 4. The pressure sensor 16 monitors the pressure inside the fracturing tube 4, preventing the internal pressure from exceeding the pressure tolerance of the sealing sheet 12 when filling with liquid carbon dioxide, thus avoiding the sealing sheet 12 from bursting during filling.

[0053] A rock-breaking method based on liquid carbon dioxide gas phase change expansion includes the following steps:

[0054] Assemble a rock-breaking device based on liquid carbon dioxide gas phase change expansion; according to Figure 1 The rock-breaking device required for the structural assembly is then moved to the construction site.

[0055] Drill holes in the ground 18 of the target area to form a channel 17; drill holes in the ground 18 of the selected area to the area where rock breaking is required, forming a channel 17 with a depth of 1m-3m.

[0056] Inspect the venting assembly, and then inject liquid carbon dioxide into the fracturing tube 4. First, check the patency of the venting tube, and then seal the venting tube with the sealing plate 12. Use a high-pressure gasifier to fill the fracturing tube 4 with liquid carbon dioxide through the liquid inlet pipe 1. During filling, monitor the pressure inside the fracturing tube 4 with the pressure sensor 16 to avoid exceeding the bearing capacity of the sealing plate 12, so that the liquid carbon dioxide can be stably stored in the fracturing tube 4.

[0057] The space between the fracturing tube 4 and the metal shell 5 is evacuated by a vacuum pumping device to form a vacuum layer 7, thus completing the preparation work before use; the space between the fracturing tube 4 and the metal shell 5 is evacuated by connecting the vacuum pumping device to the vacuum tube 10 to form a vacuum layer 7.

[0058] The processed equipment is inserted into the duct 17, and the wires are led out to the ground 18. The plugging device 13, the fracturing tube 4, the metal casing 5, and the connecting rod 14 are integrated into the duct 17. The excitation wire 2 and the pressure head wire 15 are bundled together and led outward from the center of the connecting rod 14, with a form reference. Figure 2 As shown;

[0059] The pressure head 9 is activated by the wire to squeeze the plug head 8, causing the plug head 8 to deform and block the channel 17; a signal is sent to the pressure head 9 through the pressure head wire 15, the bottom pressure head 9 is fixed, and the upper pressure head 9 compresses the plug head 8 downward, causing the plug head 8 to be compressed longitudinally and extended laterally, increasing its cross-sectional area, blocking the channel 17, and avoiding pressure loss during rock breaking.

[0060] The liquid carbon dioxide in the fracturing tube 4 is heated and expanded by the actuator 6 via the wire, and then discharged into the duct 17 after breaking through the venting assembly, impacting the rock mass in the duct 17. The actuator 6 is powered on by the actuator wire 2 and generates an electric arc to release energy, which causes the liquid carbon dioxide in the fracturing tube 4 to heat and expand, breaking through the sealing plate 12 and spraying out from the venting hole 11, impacting the rock mass in the duct 17.

[0061] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0062] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rock-breaking device based on liquid carbon dioxide gas phase change expansion, characterized in that, include: A fracturing tube (4) extends into the rock-breaking area and is filled with liquid carbon dioxide. An exciter (6) is attached to the outer wall of the fracturing tube (4) to excite the liquid carbon dioxide inside the fracturing tube (4). A metal shell (5) is fitted over the fracturing tube (4), and a vacuum layer (7) is formed between the metal shell (5) and the fracturing tube (4). A venting assembly is disposed on the outer wall of the fracturing tube (4), extending toward and out of the metal shell (5); the venting assembly includes a plurality of venting holes (11) penetrating the outer wall of the fracturing tube (4), and a plurality of venting pipes corresponding to the venting holes (11) are disposed outside the fracturing tube (4), extending toward and out of the metal shell (5); a sealing plate (12) is disposed inside the venting pipe to block the venting pipe and prevent the release of liquid carbon dioxide from the fracturing tube (4); The blocking device (13) includes a blocking head (8) disposed above the metal shell (5), and pressure heads (9) are respectively disposed on the upper and lower sides of the blocking head (8) to compress the blocking head (8) to deform and achieve sealing; The wire is electrically connected at one end to the fracturing tube (4) and the pressure head (9) to send a control signal to the device; the wire includes an excitation wire (2) and a pressure head wire (15), the excitation wire (2) is electrically connected to the exciter (6), and the pressure head wire (15) is electrically connected to the pressure head (9).

2. The rock-breaking device based on liquid carbon dioxide gas phase change expansion according to claim 1, characterized in that: A connecting rod (14) is fixedly connected to the top of the fracturing tube (4), and the top of the metal shell (5) is gathered and fixed to the outer wall of the connecting rod (14); the plug head (8) and the pressure head (9) are sleeved on the connecting rod (14).

3. The rock-breaking device based on liquid carbon dioxide gas phase change expansion according to claim 2, characterized in that: The metal casing (5) is provided with an exhaust pipe (3) at its top end, and the exhaust pipe (3) is connected to the vacuum layer (7).

4. The rock-breaking device based on liquid carbon dioxide gas phase change expansion according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressure sensor (16) is provided above the side wall of the fracturing tube (4) to monitor the state of liquid carbon dioxide inside the fracturing tube (4).

5. The rock-breaking device based on liquid carbon dioxide gas phase change expansion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the metal shell (5) is provided with a vacuum tube (10), which is connected to the vacuum layer (7).

6. A rock-breaking method based on liquid carbon dioxide gas phase change expansion, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Assemble the rock-breaking device based on liquid carbon dioxide gas phase change expansion as described in any one of claims 1-5; Drill holes in the ground (18) of the target area to form a channel (17); Check the venting assembly, and then inject liquid carbon dioxide into the fracturing tube (4); The space between the fracturing tube (4) and the metal shell (5) is evacuated by a vacuum pumping device to form a vacuum layer (7), thus completing the preparation work before use; The processed equipment is sent into the duct (17), and the wires are led out to the ground (18); The pressure head (9) is activated by the wire to squeeze the plug head (8), causing the plug head (8) to deform and block the channel (17). The activator (6) is activated by a wire, causing the liquid carbon dioxide in the fracturing tube (4) to expand due to heat. After breaking through the venting assembly, it is discharged into the duct (17) and impacts the rock mass in the duct (17).

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