A precision seed metering device

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of precision seed metering device, belong to agricultural seeding technical field.It includes frame, the top of frame is equipped with hopper, hopper is provided with seed outlet, the shaft is movably installed on the frame below seed outlet, the frame is installed on the one side of shaft with drive motor, drive motor is connected with shaft transmission, the shaft between frame is sleeved with multiple seed metering roller, each seed metering roller is sleeved with seed guiding assembly, each seed guiding assembly corresponds with seed outlet, the frame on the rear end of seed guiding assembly is equipped with air pressure assembly, air pressure assembly is communicated with each seed guiding assembly, the frame on the front end of seed guiding assembly is provided with seed tube, the frame on the one end of shaft is equipped with seed metering switch mechanism, the seed metering device can realize large, medium and small grain size crop seed seed metering and selectively control seed metering row spacing, spacing, it is very suitable for the seeding demand of different types of crop seeds.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a precision seed metering device, belonging to the field of agricultural sowing technology. Background Technology

[0002] Rapeseed, soybeans, and corn are important oilseed and grain crops, and also major economic crops in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Sowing crop seeds is a fundamental step in the entire agricultural production process. With the advancement of modern agriculture, mechanized sowing offers numerous advantages, including saving seeds, saving time, and increasing yields. Good sowing quality is also a prerequisite for increased agricultural production.

[0003] Currently, the main method for sowing is to use an external grooved wheel seed metering device. It consists of a seed metering box, a seed metering wheel, a blocking wheel, a seed metering shaft, and a brush scraper. Its working principle is that the seeds stored in the seed box will enter the seed metering cup through the bottom hole of the seed box under their own gravity. The seeds in the seed metering cup will continue to enter the groove of the seed metering wheel under their own gravity. When the seed metering shaft drives the seed metering wheel to rotate, the seeds that have filled the groove of the seed metering wheel will be forced out as the seed metering wheel rotates and reach the seed bed through the seed delivery pipe. The seeds that have not filled the groove of the seed metering wheel will remain in the seed metering cup in the brush scraper.

[0004] However, the grooves of the aforementioned external groove wheel-type seed metering device are affected by differences in crop varieties and seed dimensions, resulting in insufficient applicability for seeding of crops with large, medium, and small seed diameters. This leads to inaccurate seed quantity within the grooves, causing seed waste. Furthermore, it cannot selectively control row and plant spacing, affecting planting density and reducing crop yield. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop seed metering equipment that can be used for crops with large, medium, and small seed diameters and can selectively control row and plant spacing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a precision seed metering device that effectively improves seed metering accuracy, can be used for seed metering operations of crops with large, medium and small particle sizes, and can selectively control the row spacing and plant spacing of seed metering.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is: A precision seed metering device includes a frame, characterized in that: a hopper is mounted on the top of the frame, a seed inlet is provided inside the hopper, a rotating shaft is movably mounted on the frame below the seed inlet, a drive motor is mounted on the frame on one side of the rotating shaft, the drive motor is connected to the rotating shaft for transmission, multiple seed metering rollers are mounted on the rotating shaft between the frames, a seed guiding component is mounted on each seed metering roller, each seed guiding component corresponds to the seed inlet, a pneumatic pressure component is mounted on the frame at the rear end of the seed guiding component, the pneumatic pressure component is connected to each seed guiding component, a seed outlet pipe is provided on the frame at the front end of the seed guiding component, and a seed metering switching mechanism is mounted on the frame at one end of the rotating shaft.

[0007] The hopper has a hinged lid at the top opening, dampers are installed between the lid and the hopper on both sides, and an observation port with transparent glass is provided on the hopper.

[0008] The seed metering roller is cylindrical, and three sets of seed metering grooves of different diameters (large, medium, and small) are arranged in a ring array on its circumference.

[0009] The seed guiding assembly consists of a seed guiding body and a baffle. The seed guiding body is rectangular, with a seed inlet at the top and a seed outlet at the bottom. A circular cavity is formed between the seed inlet and the seed outlet, which is fitted with a seed dispensing roller. The seed inlet and the seed outlet are connected to the circular cavity. A seed scraping brush is provided on one side between the seed inlet and the circular cavity. An assembly slot is provided on the edge of the seed inlet above the seed scraping brush. A baffle is movably inserted into the assembly slot. The baffle has a "┌" shaped cross-section, with one end extending to the edge of the seed inlet away from the assembly slot. The baffle extending to the seed inlet is adapted to the size of the seed inlet. A clearance groove is provided below the seed scraping brush, which is connected to the circular cavity.

[0010] The seed guide body on one side of the seed outlet channel is provided with an air duct, which is connected to the seed outlet channel. Multiple positioning blind holes are provided on both ends of the seed guide body, and each pair of positioning blind holes of the seed guide body is connected by a positioning post.

[0011] The wind pressure assembly includes a fan and a wind chamber. The wind chamber is a hollow rectangular body with a right-angled trapezoidal cross-section. One end of the wind chamber is provided with an air outlet, which is connected to the air duct on the seed guide body. The other end face of the wind chamber is symmetrically provided with air inlets, and the air inlets are equipped with fans.

[0012] The seeding switching mechanism includes a fixed base and a rotating head. The rotating head is threaded onto the fixed base, and the rotating head is movably connected to the rotating shaft through a bearing. A locking element is installed between the rotating head and the fixed base, and the fixed base is fixedly installed on the frame.

[0013] The locking component includes a pressure ring, a locking ring, and a locking ring. The locking ring is fixedly mounted on a fixed base. Multiple locking grooves are provided on the circumferential end face of the locking ring. A locking ring is fitted onto a rotating head on one side of the locking ring. The locking ring is keyed to the rotating head. Multiple locking teeth are provided on the circumferential end face of the locking ring. The locking teeth of the locking ring are inserted into the locking grooves of the locking ring. A pressure ring is threaded onto the rotating head on one side of the locking ring.

[0014] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are as follows: This precision seed metering device collects crop seeds through a hopper, allowing the seeds to enter the seed guide body from the hopper's seed inlet. Once inside, the seeds are forcibly discharged into the seed outlet channel by the rotating seed metering roller, which features a ring array of seed metering grooves of varying diameters (large, medium, and small) to accommodate seeds of different sizes. The plant spacing can be selectively controlled by adjusting the drive motor's speed and the air pressure component. Furthermore, the row spacing can be selectively controlled by combining a baffle with the seed inlet of the seed guide body. This seed metering device can discharge crop seeds of various sizes and selectively control row and plant spacing, making it ideal for sowing different types of crops. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the AA direction; Figure 4 This is a rear-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a portion of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the assembled three-dimensional structure of the rotating shaft, seed metering roller and rotating head in this invention; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the baffle in this invention; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the seed-guiding body in this invention; Figure 9 This is a front view structural diagram of the seed-guiding body in this invention; Figure 10 This is a top-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the seed-guiding body in this invention; Figure 11 This is a top-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the stroke chamber in this invention; Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of the rotating shaft, seed metering roller, and seed metering switching mechanism in this invention.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Hopper; 3. Box cover; 4. Damper; 5. Connecting rod; 6. Observation port; 7. Transparent glass; 8. Seed inlet; 9. Rotating shaft; 10. Drive motor; 11. Seed metering roller; 12. Seed metering recess; 13. Seed guide body; 14. Baffle; 15. Seed outlet channel; 16. Seed scraping brush; 17. Clearance arc groove; 18. Air duct; 19. Fan; 20. Air chamber; 21. Air outlet; 22. Air inlet; 23. Positioning blind hole; 24. Seed outlet pipe; 25. Fixed seat; 26. Rotating head; 27. Pressure ring; 28. Locking ring; 29. ​​Locking ring; 30. Seed inlet; 31. Circular cavity; 32. Cleaning port; 33. Sealing door; 34. Limit sleeve; 35. Connecting bearing. Detailed Implementation

[0017] As attached Figure 1-12 As shown This precision seed metering device includes a frame 1, with a hopper 2 fixedly mounted on the top of the frame 1. The hopper 2 is a hollow inverted frustum with openings at the top and bottom. A cover 3 is hinged to the top of the hopper 2. Dampers 4 are respectively installed between the cover 3 and the hopper 2 on both sides. One end of the damper 4 is hinged to the collecting hopper, and the other end of the damper 4 is hinged to a connecting rod 5. The connecting rod 5 is fixedly installed on the cover 3. During operation, the damper 4 can keep the cover 3 closed or open, which facilitates filling the hopper 2 with seeds when the cover 3 is open and prevents seeds from overflowing from the hopper 2 when the cover 3 is closed, and also protects the seeds in the hopper 2.

[0018] An observation port 6 is provided on the rear end face of the hopper 2, and a transparent glass 7 is fixedly installed on the observation port 6. During operation, the user can see the number of seeds in the hopper 2 through the transparent glass 7 of the observation port 6, so that the hopper 2 can be filled with seeds in a timely manner after the seeds are sown.

[0019] A seed inlet 8 is provided below the hopper 2. The seed inlet 8 is rectangular in shape. During operation, the seed inlet 8 facilitates the downward guidance of the seed under its own weight.

[0020] A rotating shaft 9 is movably mounted on the frame 1 below the seeding port 8. The rotating shaft 9 has a hexagonal cross section and can rotate relative to the frame 1.

[0021] A drive motor 10 is fixedly mounted on the frame 1 on one side of the rotating shaft 9. A drive gear is fixedly mounted on the transmission shaft of the drive motor 10. A driven gear is slidably fitted on the rotating shaft 9 corresponding to the drive gear (keyway connection). A limit sleeve 34 is fitted on the outside of the drive gear and the driven gear. The limit sleeve 34 is fixedly mounted on the frame and forms an axial limit on the drive gear and the driven gear. The drive gear of the drive motor 10 meshes with the driven gear of the rotating shaft 9. The rotating shaft 9 and the driven gear are circumferentially fixed to transmit motion and torque. The driven gear and the rotating shaft 9 can slide relative to each other in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 9. During operation, the drive motor 10 drives the rotating shaft 9 to rotate through the cooperation of the drive gear and the driven gear.

[0022] Multiple seed metering rollers 11 are fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft 9. During operation, the rotating shaft 9 can drive the seed metering rollers 11 to rotate synchronously. The seed metering rollers 11 are cylindrical, and three sets of seed metering grooves 12 of different diameters (large, medium, and small) are arranged in a ring on the circumference of the seed metering rollers 11. The purpose of this arrangement is to achieve seed metering of seeds of different diameters through seed metering grooves 12 of different sizes, thereby achieving precise seed metering.

[0023] Each seed roller 11 is equipped with a seed guiding component, which consists of a seed guiding body 13 and a baffle 14. The seed guiding body 13 is rectangular and has a seed inlet 30 at its top. The seed inlet 30 corresponds to the seed outlet 8 of the hopper 2. During operation, the seed outlet 8 of the hopper 2 can guide the seeds into the seed inlet 30 of the seed guiding body 13.

[0024] The seed guide body 13 has a seed outlet channel 15 at its bottom end in an inclined shape. A cleaning port 32 is provided on the seed guide body 13 on one side of the seed outlet channel 15. The cleaning port 32 is connected to the seed outlet channel 15. A sealing door 33 is installed on the cleaning port 32. During operation, the seed outlet channel 15 can be cleaned conveniently through the cleaning port 32.

[0025] A circular cavity 31 is provided between the seed inlet 30 and the seed outlet channel 15. The circular cavity 31 is inserted into the seed metering roller 11. The seed inlet 30 and the seed outlet channel 15 are respectively connected to the circular cavity 31. A seed scraping brush 16 is provided on one side between the seed inlet 30 and the circular cavity 31. A clearance arc groove 17 is provided below the seed scraping brush 16 and is connected to the circular cavity 31. During operation, the seeds to be sown enter the seed inlet 30 of the seed guide body 13 through the seed outlet 8 from the hopper 2. The seeds entering the seed inlet 30 fill the seed metering groove 12 of the seed metering roller 11. As the seed metering roller 11 rotates, it falls into the seed outlet channel 15 after passing through the clearance arc groove 17. During this process, the seed scraping brush 16 scrapes the excess seeds on the seed metering groove 12 to ensure that the number of seeds in the seed metering groove 12 is fixed, thereby achieving the purpose of precision sowing.

[0026] An assembly slot is provided on one side edge of the seed inlet 30 above the seed scraper brush 16. A baffle 14 is movably inserted into the assembly slot. The cross-section of the baffle 14 is "┌" shaped. One end of the baffle 14 extends to the edge of the seed inlet 30 away from the assembly slot. The baffle 14 extending to the seed inlet 30 is adapted to the size of the seed inlet 30. During operation, by cooperating with the seed inlet 30, the seed inlet 30 of a certain seed guide body 13 can be closed, thereby controlling the number of seed guide bodies 13 that can be seeded, and thus controlling the row spacing of seed planting.

[0027] An air duct 18 is provided on the seed guide body 13 on one side of the seed outlet channel 15. An air pressure component is installed on the frame 1 at the rear end of the seed guide component. The air pressure component includes a fan 19 and an air chamber 20. The air chamber 20 is a hollow rectangular body with a right-angled trapezoidal cross section. An air outlet 21 is provided at one end of the air chamber 20. The air outlet 21 is connected to the air duct 18 on the seed guide body 13. An air inlet 22 is symmetrically provided on the other end face of the air chamber 20. The fan 19 is installed on the air inlet 22. When working, the fan 19 blows the air into the inner cavity of the air chamber 20, and then blows it into the air duct 18 of each seed guide body 13. This effectively ensures that the air pressure of each air duct 18 is in a balanced state. By blowing the air into the air duct 18, the falling speed of the seeds is effectively increased, thereby controlling the plant spacing between crops.

[0028] The air duct 18 is connected to the seed outlet channel 15. Multiple positioning blind holes 23 are provided on both sides of the seed guide body 13. The positioning blind holes 23 of each pair of seed guide bodies 13 are connected by a positioning post. During operation, the blind holes and positioning posts are connected to ensure that the positions of each seed guide body 13 are relatively fixed.

[0029] The frame 1 at the front end of the seed guide assembly is equipped with a seed outlet pipe 24, which corresponds to the seed outlet channel 15 of the seed guide body 13. During operation, the seed outlet pipe 24 can be connected to a corrugated pipe to extend the conveying distance and carry out seed conveying and discharging operations.

[0030] A seeding switching mechanism is mounted on the frame 1 at one end of the rotating shaft 9. The seeding switching mechanism includes a fixed base 25 and a rotating head 26. The fixed base 25 is a rectangular hollow body and is fixedly mounted on the frame 1. The rotating head 26 is threaded onto the fixed base 25. The rotating head 26 is movably connected to the rotating shaft 9 via a connecting bearing 35. A locking element is installed between the rotating head 26 and the fixed base 25. The locking element includes a pressure ring 27, a locking ring 28, and a locking ring 29. The locking ring 29 is fixedly mounted on the fixed base 25. Multiple locking grooves are provided on the circumferential end face of the locking ring 29. The rotating head on one side of the locking ring 29... A locking ring 28 is fitted on the rotating head 26. The locking ring 28 is keyed to the rotating head 26. Multiple locking teeth are provided on the circumferential end face of the locking ring 28. The locking teeth of the locking ring 28 are inserted into the locking groove of the locking ring 29. A pressure ring 27 is threaded on the rotating head 26 on one side of the locking ring 28. During operation, the rotating head 26 can drive the rotating shaft 9 and the seed metering roller 11 to move left and right on the frame 1 along its axial direction. This allows the seed metering concave 12 of different sizes of the seed metering roller 11 to cooperate with the seed inlet 30 of the seed guide body 13. The rotating head 26 can be locked by the pressure ring 27, the locking ring 28 and the locking ring 29.

[0031] When using this precision seed metering device, the staff will fix the seed metering device on the rotary tiller, and the staff will also adjust the position of the seed metering roller 11 according to the diameter of the seeds to be sown.

[0032] Taking soybeans as an example, soybean seeds have a relatively large diameter and need to be matched with the large-sized seed-dispensing groove 12 of the seed-dispensing roller 11. The specific adjustment method is as follows: First, manually rotate the rotating head 26. Since the rotating head 26 is threadedly connected to the fixed seat 25, the rotating head 26 pushes the rotating shaft 9 to move to the right when it rotates. When the rotating shaft 9 moves to the right, it drives the seed-dispensing roller 11 to move to the right synchronously. When the large-sized seed-dispensing groove 12 of the seed-dispensing roller 11 corresponds to the seed inlet 30 of the seed guide body 13, the position of the seed-dispensing roller 11 is adjusted. Then, the locking ring 28 is then adjusted. Sliding along the axial direction of the rotating head 26 allows the locking teeth of the locking ring 28 to engage with the locking groove of the locking ring 29. After the locking ring 28 and the locking ring 29 are engaged, the rotating head 26 is threaded with a pressure ring 27. Rotating the pressure ring 27 causes it to engage with the locking ring 28, thereby locking the locking ring 28 through the engagement of the pressure ring 27 and the locking ring 29. The locking ring 28 is then keyed to the rotating head 26. Once the locking ring 28 is locked, it further locks the rotating head 26.

[0033] After the seed metering roller 11 is adjusted, the sowing and feeding operation can begin. First, the soybean seeds are filled into the hopper. Under their own weight, the soybean seeds fall from the seed outlet 8 of the hopper 2 through the seed inlet 30 of the seed guide body 13 into the large seed metering groove 12 of the seed metering roller 11. The tractor drives the rotary tiller and the seed meterer to move forward. During the movement, the drive motor 10 is started. The drive motor 10 rotates and drives the rotating shaft 9 and the seed metering roller 11 to rotate synchronously. When the seed metering roller 11 rotates, it forces the seeds inside the seed metering groove 12 to rotate circumferentially around the rotating shaft 9. The seed scraping brush 16 scrapes the excess seeds on the seed metering groove 12 to ensure that the number of seeds in the seed metering groove 12 is fixed. The seeds in the seed metering groove 12 move through the clearance arc groove 17 to the seed outlet channel 15 of the seed guide body 13. Under the action of their own weight, the seeds are discharged outward along the seed outlet channel 15 of the seed guide body 13 to the seed bed, thereby realizing the soybean seed metering operation.

[0034] The seed metering device uses a fan 19 to blow air into the inner cavity of the air chamber 20, and then from the inner cavity of the air chamber 20 to the air ducts 18 of each seed guide body 13, effectively ensuring that the air pressure in each air duct 18 is in a balanced state. By blowing air into the air ducts 18, the air force effectively increases the falling speed of crop seeds and controls the interval time of crop seed falling, thereby controlling the plant spacing between crop seeds.

[0035] The drive motor 10 of the seed metering device is electrically connected to a programmable controller (PLCS7-600). The programmable controller can control the rotation speed of the drive shaft of the drive motor 10. By controlling the rotation speed of the drive shaft of the drive motor 10, the rotation speed of the seed metering roller 11 can be controlled, thereby adjusting the interval time between the falling crop seeds and thus adjusting the plant spacing between the crop seeds.

[0036] This seed metering device can seed crops of various sizes and selectively control row spacing and plant spacing, making it ideal for the sowing needs of different types of crops.

Claims

1. A precision seed metering device, comprising a frame (1), characterized in that: The top of the frame (1) is equipped with a hopper (2), and the hopper (2) is provided with a seed inlet (8). A hexagonal rotating shaft (9) that can slide axially is movably installed on the frame (1) below the seed inlet (8). A drive motor (10) is installed on the frame (1) on one side of the rotating shaft (9). The drive motor (10) is connected to the rotating shaft (9) through gear meshing. Multiple seed metering rollers (11) are fitted on the rotating shaft (9). The seed metering rollers (11) are cylindrical. Three sets of seed metering grooves (12) of different diameters are arranged in a ring array on the circumference of the seed metering rollers (11). Each seed metering roller (11) is fitted with a seed guiding component. The seed guiding component consists of a seed guiding body (13) and a baffle (14). The seed guiding body (13) is a rectangular body. (13) A seed inlet (30) is provided at the top. A seed outlet channel (15) is provided at the bottom of the seed guide body (13) in an inclined manner. A circular cavity (31) is provided between the seed inlet (30) and the seed outlet channel (15). The circular cavity (31) is fitted with the seed metering roller (11). The seed inlet (30) and the seed outlet channel (15) are respectively connected to the circular cavity (31). A seed scraping brush (16) is provided on one side between the seed inlet (30) and the circular cavity (31). An assembly slot is provided on one side edge of the seed inlet (30) above the seed scraping brush (16). A baffle (14) is movably inserted on the assembly slot. The cross section of the baffle (14) is "┌". One end of the baffle (14) extends to the edge of the seed inlet (30) away from the assembly slot. At the location, the baffle (14) extending to the seed inlet (30) is adapted to the size of the seed inlet (30). A clearance arc groove (17) is provided below the seed scraping brush (16), which is connected to the circular cavity (31). An air duct (18) is provided on the seed guide body (13) on one side of the seed outlet channel (15), which is connected to the seed outlet channel (15). Multiple positioning blind holes (23) are provided on both ends of the seed guide body (13). The positioning blind holes (23) of each pair of seed guide bodies (13) are connected by positioning pins. The seed guide assembly corresponds to the feed port. A wind pressure assembly is installed on the frame (1) at the rear end of the seed guide assembly. The wind pressure assembly includes a blower (19) and a wind chamber (20). The wind chamber (20) has a right trapezoidal cross section. The hollow rectangular body has an air outlet (21) at one end of the air chamber (20), which is connected to the air duct (18) on the seed guide body (13). The air inlets (22) are symmetrically arranged on the other end face of the air chamber (20). A fan (19) is installed on the air inlet (22). The air pressure component is connected to each seed guide component. A seed outlet pipe (24) is installed on the frame (1) at the front end of the seed guide component. A seed dispensing switching mechanism is installed on the frame (1) at one end of the rotating shaft (9). The seed dispensing switching mechanism includes a fixed seat (25) and a rotating head (26). The rotating head (26) is threaded on the fixed seat (25). The rotating head (26) is movably connected to the rotating shaft (9) through a bearing. A locking component is installed between the rotating head (26) and the fixed seat (25).The fixed base (25) is fixedly installed on the frame (1). The locking components include a pressure ring (27), a locking ring (28), and a locking ring (29). The locking ring (29) is fixedly installed on the fixed base (25). Multiple locking grooves are provided on the circumferential end face of the locking ring (29). The locking ring (28) is fitted onto the rotating head (26) on one side of the locking ring (29). The locking ring (28) is keyed to the rotating head (26). Multiple locking teeth are provided on the circumferential end face of the locking ring (28). The locking teeth of the locking ring (28) are inserted into the locking grooves of the locking ring (29). The pressure ring (27) is threaded onto the rotating head (26) on one side of the locking ring (28).

2. The precision seed metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the hopper (2) is hinged with a box cover (3), and dampers (4) are respectively provided between the two sides of the box cover (3) and the hopper (2). An observation port (6) is provided on the hopper (2), and a transparent glass (7) is provided on the observation port (6).

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