Solar energy photothermal conversion seawater desalination distillation device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a solar light-heat conversion seawater desalination distillation device and method. The device comprises an evaporation box, the top surface of which is a glass cover plate; a seawater communication box is arranged transversely through the evaporation box; the seawater communication box divides the evaporation box into an evaporation cavity and a water storage cavity; the bottom of the evaporation cavity is covered with a heat insulation layer; the heat insulation layer is covered with a light-heat conversion layer; the light-heat conversion layer is provided with a plurality of water absorption ropes extending into the seawater communication box; a water absorption block is slidably arranged in the evaporation cavity through a transverse guide rail; the water absorption block is in contact with the lower surface of the glass cover plate; the inner side wall of the evaporation cavity is provided with a water collecting element communicating with the water storage cavity; and a driving mechanism is arranged; the driving mechanism is used for driving the water absorption block to reciprocate along the lower surface of the glass cover plate and be in contact with and pressed against the inner side wall of the evaporation cavity. The distillation device can clean the condensed water droplets on the glass cover plate in time, complete fresh water collection, reduce the heat dissipation phenomenon of sunlight caused by the water droplets, ensure the light transmission effect of the glass cover plate, and thus improve the desalination efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seawater desalination technology, and in particular to a solar thermal conversion seawater desalination distillation apparatus and method. Background Technology

[0002] Freshwater scarcity is not only a major environmental problem but also a prominent economic one, especially in remote and underdeveloped countries and regions. In recent years, solar-driven seawater evaporation technology based on photothermal conversion materials has emerged as a promising trend for obtaining clean water due to its ability to produce clean water under lower temperature and pressure conditions, far superior to the currently widely used industrial methods of thermal distillation and reverse osmosis.

[0003] The core of solar-driven seawater evaporation technology lies in two aspects. One is the selection of the photothermal conversion medium, which requires materials to have sufficiently high absorption within the solar spectrum (wavelength 300nm-2500nm). Currently available photothermal conversion materials include noble metal nanocrystals with strong localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects, semiconductor oxides with advantages such as high abundance and good stability, or some composite fiber materials, which can basically meet current photothermal conversion requirements. The other core aspect is the distillation device. A well-designed distillation device can effectively improve the utilization rate of solar energy, as well as the efficiency and purity of freshwater collection.

[0004] However, there is currently limited research and optimization on solar thermal conversion seawater desalination distillation devices. Chinese patent document CN212198580U discloses a stepped distiller for solar thermal evaporation seawater desalination. This distiller features a stepped overflow trough, below which is a condensation chamber. The photothermal conversion material in the stepped overflow trough is heated by sunlight to evaporate the seawater. The steam is condensed and collected in the inclined glass cover and condensation chamber to obtain fresh water. Simultaneously, the latent heat of condensation in the condensation chamber is recovered and used to heat the seawater in the stepped overflow trough, increasing the efficiency of solar seawater desalination and improving solar energy utilization. Chinese patent document CN216106101U discloses a portable solar thermal evaporation seawater desalination distiller, which also employs a similar principle and structure. However, these stills all have the following problems when in use: after the photothermal conversion material converts seawater into steam and rises to contact the top glass cover, it will cool and form water droplets, which will flow down the glass. The adhesion of water droplets and water flow will affect the light transmission effect of the glass, causing sunlight to be scattered. As a result, the photothermal conversion material does not receive sufficient irradiation, which ultimately affects the desalination efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a solar thermal conversion seawater desalination distillation device and method to solve the problem that the glass cover of existing distillation devices is easily affected by water droplets and water flow during operation, thus affecting the desalination efficiency.

[0006] The present invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A solar thermal conversion seawater desalination and distillation device includes an evaporation chamber with a glass cover on the top surface. The device also includes a seawater connecting box that runs horizontally through the evaporation chamber, dividing the interior of the evaporation chamber into an upper evaporation chamber and a lower water storage chamber. The bottom of the evaporation chamber is covered with a heat insulation layer, and a solar thermal conversion layer is covered on top of the heat insulation layer. The solar thermal conversion layer has several downward-extending water-absorbing ropes that pass through the heat insulation layer and the top wall of the seawater connecting box before entering the interior of the seawater connecting box. A water-absorbing block is slidably mounted inside the evaporation chamber via a horizontal guide rail, and the water-absorbing block contacts the lower surface of the glass cover. A water collection device communicating with the water storage chamber is located on the inner side wall of the evaporation chamber.

[0008] The device also includes a drive mechanism for driving the water-absorbing block to reciprocate along the lower surface of the glass cover and to contact and press against the inner wall of the evaporation chamber.

[0009] A further improvement is that a counterweight is provided at the bottom of the evaporator, a floating plate is provided on the outer circumference of the evaporator, the floating plate is located above the seawater connecting box, and both ends of the seawater connecting box are open.

[0010] A further improvement is that the absorbent block is composed of a rigid plate in the middle and sponge bodies connected to both sides of the rigid plate.

[0011] A further improvement is that the water collection component includes a water collection tank and a connecting pipe connected to the bottom of the water collection tank. The water collection tank is located below the contact and compression position between the water absorption block and the inner sidewall of the evaporation chamber. The connecting pipe extends downward through the seawater connecting box and into the water storage chamber.

[0012] A further improvement is that the drive mechanism includes a lead screw arranged parallel to the transverse guide rail, and a motor located at one end of the lead screw, wherein the lead screw is threadedly engaged with the water-absorbing block.

[0013] A further improvement is that the device also includes a battery for powering the motor and a photovoltaic panel assembly for charging the battery.

[0014] A further improvement is that the transverse guide rail is a hollow tube structure, and a movable plug with a magnetic plate is movably installed inside the transverse guide rail. The water-absorbing block is provided with a magnetic ring that is magnetically attracted to the movable plug. One end of the transverse guide rail is connected to the external environment, and the other end is connected to the driving mechanism. The driving mechanism drives the water-absorbing block to move back and forth along the lower surface of the glass cover and to contact and squeeze the inner sidewall of the evaporation chamber by blowing or sucking air into the transverse guide rail.

[0015] A further improvement is that the drive mechanism includes a thermodynamic cylinder, a transmission cylinder, and a ventilation cylinder;

[0016] The thermoelectric cylinder has part of its body embedded inside the evaporation chamber and part of its body located in the external environment. The thermoelectric cylinder is equipped with a first piston disc, and the cylinder wall is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet. A closing ring for sealing the air inlet and the air outlet is slidably provided on the inner wall of the thermoelectric cylinder. The closing ring is located on the side of the first piston disc facing the evaporation chamber. A collar is provided on the inner side of the closing ring through a connecting rod. A pull rod that slides through the collar is provided on the first piston disc.

[0017] The transmission cylinder is equipped with a second piston disc, which is connected to a support spring. One end of the transmission cylinder is connected to the transverse guide rail through a pipe, and the other end is connected to the cavity in the thermodynamic cylinder located on the side of the first piston disc away from the evaporation chamber through a pipe.

[0018] The ventilation cylinder is equipped with a third piston disc, and a one-way valve A is provided on the third piston disc. One end of the ventilation cylinder is connected to the air inlet of the thermal power cylinder through a pipe, and a one-way valve B is provided on the connecting pipe. The other end of the ventilation cylinder is designed to be open, and a linkage rod is connected to the third piston disc, which extends out through the open and is connected to the surface of the first piston disc away from the evaporation chamber.

[0019] This invention also provides a solar thermal conversion seawater desalination distillation method, which utilizes the aforementioned distillation apparatus, and the specific steps include:

[0020] The evaporation tank is placed at sea level, and seawater flows into the seawater conduit. The seawater is absorbed by the absorbent rope and dispersed into the photothermal conversion layer. Sunlight passes through the glass cover and shines on the photothermal conversion layer, which converts light energy into heat energy and heats the seawater to evaporate. The evaporated steam condenses upon contact with the glass cover, forming water droplets that adhere to the lower surface of the glass cover. A drive mechanism drives the absorbent block to move back and forth along the lower surface of the glass cover and to contact and squeeze the inner wall of the evaporation chamber. During the reciprocating movement, the absorbent block absorbs the water droplets, and when it contacts and squeezes the inner wall of the evaporation chamber, it squeezes the absorbed water out and collects it by the water collection device. The water collection device guides the collected fresh water into the storage chamber for storage.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0022] (1) The distillation device can promptly clean the condensate droplets on the glass cover and complete the fresh water collection, reduce the heat dissipation caused by sunlight due to water droplets, ensure the light transmission effect of the glass cover, and thus improve the desalination efficiency.

[0023] (2) In the preferred embodiment, an automated drive mechanism is also used, which can drive the water-absorbing block to move back and forth without power to complete the water droplet cleaning and fresh water collection work, thereby enabling the device to work stably on the sea surface for a long time. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the distillation apparatus of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the drive mechanism in Embodiment 1 of the distillation apparatus of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the distillation apparatus of embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the water-absorbing block in Embodiment 2 of the distillation apparatus of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the drive mechanism in Embodiment 2 of the distillation apparatus of the present invention;

[0029] Reference numerals: 1. Evaporation box; 2. Glass cover; 3. Seawater connecting box; 4. Evaporation chamber; 5. Water storage chamber; 6. Insulation layer; 7. Photothermal conversion layer; 8. Water-absorbing rope; 9. Horizontal guide rail; 10. Water-absorbing block; 11. Water collection component; 12. Counterweight; 13. Floating plate; 14. Lead screw; 15. Motor; 16. Battery; 17. Photovoltaic panel assembly; 18. Moving plug; 19. Thermodynamic cylinder; 20. Transmission cylinder; 21. Ventilation cylinder; 22. First piston disc; 23. Closing ring; 24. Collar ring; 25. Pull rod; 26. Second piston disc; 27. Support spring; 28. Third piston disc; 29. ​​One-way valve A; 30. One-way valve B; 31. Linkage rod. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] like Figure 1-2As shown, a solar thermal conversion seawater desalination distillation device includes an evaporator 1 with a glass cover 2 on its top surface. The device also includes a seawater connecting box 3 that runs horizontally through the evaporator 1, dividing the interior of the evaporator 1 into an upper evaporation chamber 4 and a lower water storage chamber 5. The bottom of the evaporation chamber 4 is covered with a heat insulation layer 6, which can be made of materials such as vacuum insulation panels or aerogel felt, requiring a thermal conductivity ≤0.1 W / (m·K). A solar thermal conversion layer 7 is then applied to the heat insulation layer 6. The thermal conversion layer 7 can be a metal phase oxide layer, or a black fiber cloth layer or a carbon-based material deposition cloth layer in the prior art. The photothermal conversion layer 7 is provided with several water-absorbing ropes 8 that extend downward and pass through the heat insulation layer 6 and the top wall of the seawater connecting box 3 and then extend into the interior of the seawater connecting box 3. The water-absorbing ropes 8 are made of cotton ropes and can stably absorb water. A water-absorbing block 10 is slidably provided in the evaporation chamber 4 through the transverse guide rail 9. The water-absorbing block 10 is in contact with the lower surface of the glass cover plate 2. A water collection device 11 that communicates with the water storage chamber 5 is provided on the inner side wall of the evaporation chamber 4.

[0033] The device also includes a drive mechanism for driving the water-absorbing block 10 to reciprocate along the lower surface of the glass cover plate 2 and to contact and press against the inner wall of the evaporation chamber 4.

[0034] This invention also provides a solar thermal conversion seawater desalination distillation method, which utilizes the above-mentioned distillation apparatus, and the specific steps include:

[0035] Evaporation tank 1 is placed at sea level and seawater flows into seawater connecting tank 3. The seawater is absorbed by the water-absorbing rope 8 and dispersed into the photothermal conversion layer 7. Sunlight passes through the glass cover 2 and shines on the photothermal conversion layer 7. The photothermal conversion layer 7 converts light energy into heat energy and heats the seawater to evaporate. The evaporated steam condenses upon contact with the glass cover 2, forming water droplets that adhere to the lower surface of the glass cover 2. The water-absorbing block 10 is driven by the drive mechanism to move back and forth along the lower surface of the glass cover 2 and to contact and squeeze the inner wall of the evaporation chamber 4. The water-absorbing block 10 absorbs water droplets during the reciprocating movement, and when it contacts and squeezes the inner wall of the evaporation chamber 4, it squeezes the absorbed water out and collects it by the water collection component 11. The water collection component 11 guides the collected fresh water into the water storage chamber 5 for storage.

[0036] In this embodiment, a counterweight 12 is provided at the bottom of the evaporator 1, and a floating plate 13 is provided on the outer periphery of the evaporator 1. The floating plate 13 is located above the seawater connecting box 3, and both ends of the seawater connecting box 3 are open. The floating plate 13 has a sufficient expansion area so that when the evaporation device is placed on the sea surface, the lower part of the evaporator 1 and the entire seawater connecting box 3 are immersed in seawater through the counterweight 12. The weight distribution of the counterweight 12 is such that the bottom surface of the floating plate 13 is exactly in contact with the sea surface when the device is not collecting fresh water. This makes the device more wind-resistant and stable, and the floating plate 13 can still provide sufficient buoyancy after collecting fresh water.

[0037] In this embodiment, the water-absorbing block 10 is composed of a rigid plate in the middle and sponges connected to both sides of the rigid plate (such as plastic). The sponges have high adsorption and water-locking properties, which can prevent water droplets from falling during reciprocating movement. When the water-absorbing block 10 comes into contact with and is squeezed against the inner wall of the evaporation chamber 4, the rigid plate in the middle can squeeze the sponges to squeeze out the water it has absorbed.

[0038] In this embodiment, the water collection component 11 can be set on both sides or one side of the evaporation chamber 4. The water collection component 11 includes a water collection tank and a connecting pipe connected to the bottom of the water collection tank. The water collection tank is located below the contact and compression position between the water absorption block 10 and the inner wall of the evaporation chamber 4. The length of the water collection tank is the same as the length of the water absorption block 10, and both ends extend to the edge of the glass cover plate 2 to ensure that all the flowing fresh water is collected. The connecting pipe passes downward through the seawater connecting box 3 and extends into the water storage chamber 5. Fresh water flows into the water storage chamber 5 through the connecting pipe for storage.

[0039] In this embodiment, the driving mechanism includes a lead screw 14 arranged parallel to the transverse guide rail 9, and a motor 15 located at one end of the lead screw 14. The lead screw 14 is threadedly engaged with the water-absorbing block 10. The forward and reverse rotation of the motor 15 drives the lead screw 14 to rotate, thereby driving the water-absorbing block 10 to reciprocate. By controlling the rotation time of the motor 15, the movement amount of the water-absorbing block 10 can be controlled, ensuring that the water-absorbing block 10 is pressed into contact with the inner walls on both sides of the evaporation chamber 4. In addition, the working cycle of the motor 15 can be controlled so that the water-absorbing block 10 reciprocates once at a set time interval.

[0040] In this embodiment, preferably, it also includes a battery 16 for supplying power to the motor 15 and a photovoltaic panel assembly 17 for charging the battery 16. The specific implementation is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] Combination Figure 3-5 As shown, a solar thermal conversion seawater desalination distillation device differs from Embodiment 1 in that it uses a different drive mechanism. This embodiment employs a pneumatic drive structure, with the corresponding transverse guide rail 9 being a hollow tube structure, preferably made of a tube wall material with heat insulation effect. A movable plug 18 with a magnetic plate is movably installed inside the transverse guide rail 9, and a magnetic ring is provided on the water absorption block 10 that is magnetically attracted to the movable plug 18. One end of the transverse guide rail 9 is connected to the external environment, and the other end is connected to the drive mechanism. The drive mechanism drives the water absorption block 10 to reciprocate along the lower surface of the glass cover plate 2 and to contact and press against the inner wall of the evaporation chamber 4 by blowing or sucking air into the transverse guide rail 9.

[0043] The drive mechanism includes a thermodynamic cylinder 19, a transmission cylinder 20, and an air exchange cylinder 21.

[0044] The thermal power cylinder 19 has part of its body embedded inside the evaporation chamber 4 and part of its body located in the external environment. The thermal power cylinder 19 is provided with a first piston disc 22. The wall of the thermal power cylinder 19 is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet. A closing ring 23 for sealing the air inlet and the air outlet is slidably provided on the inner wall of the thermal power cylinder 19. The closing ring 23 is located on the side of the first piston disc 22 facing the evaporation chamber 4. A collar 24 is provided on the inner side of the closing ring 23 through a connecting rod. A pull rod 25 is provided on the first piston disc 22 that slides through the collar 24. The end of the pull rod 25 is provided with an enlarged diameter end.

[0045] The transmission cylinder 20 is provided with a second piston disc 26, and the second piston disc 26 is connected to a support spring 27. One end of the transmission cylinder 20 is connected to the transverse guide rail 9 through a pipe, and the other end is connected to the cavity in the thermodynamic cylinder 19 located on the side of the first piston disc 22 away from the evaporation chamber 4 through a pipe.

[0046] The air exchange cylinder 21 is equipped with a third piston disc 28, and a one-way valve A29 is provided on the third piston disc 28. One end of the air exchange cylinder 21 is connected to the air inlet of the thermal power cylinder 19 through a pipe, and a one-way valve B30 is provided on the connecting pipe. The other end of the air exchange cylinder 21 is designed to be open, and a linkage rod 31 is connected to the third piston disc 28, which extends out through the open and is connected to the surface of the first piston disc 22 away from the evaporation chamber 4.

[0047] The working principle of the drive mechanism is as follows: (Refer to...) Figure 5Because the evaporation chamber 4 is a near-sealed environment with a heat insulation layer 6 at the bottom, the overall temperature is significantly higher than the external environment due to the heat accumulation in the photothermal conversion layer 7. This heats the cylindrical portion of the thermal power cylinder 19 embedded inside the evaporation chamber 4. The air inside this cylindrical portion expands due to the heat, pushing the first piston disc 22 away from the evaporation chamber 4 (to the left in the figure). During this movement, the first piston disc 22 compresses the air in the side of the thermal power cylinder 19 away from the evaporation chamber 4 into the transmission cylinder 20, causing the second piston disc... 26 moves (downward in the diagram), squeezing the support spring 27 and blowing the gas at the bottom of the transmission cylinder 20 into the transverse guide rail 9, thereby pushing the moving plug 18 to move (to the right in the diagram). At this time, the water-absorbing block 10 moves synchronously under the action of magnetic force, completing the absorption and squeezing of water droplets; on the other hand, the linkage rod 31 drives the third piston disc 28 to move synchronously (to the left in the diagram), the one-way valve A29 opens and the one-way valve B30 closes, and the outside cold air enters the ventilation cylinder 21 for temporary storage; when the first piston disc 22 carries the pull rod 25 and the sleeve After ring 24 contacts, it pulls the collar 24, connecting rod, and closing ring 23 to move, causing the closing ring 23 to move away from the air inlet and outlet positions, opening the air inlet and outlet. At this time, under the rebound force of the support spring 27, the second piston disc 26 moves in the opposite direction (upward in the figure), increasing the space at the bottom of the transmission cylinder 20 and drawing air into the transverse guide rail 9, causing the moving plug 18 to move in the opposite direction (to the left in the figure). The water suction block 10 moves synchronously under the action of magnetic force until it completes the reset. The reverse movement of the second piston disc 26 will drive the first piston disc 26 to move in the opposite direction. The piston disc 22 moves in the reverse direction (to the right in the diagram), expelling the high-temperature gas inside the thermal cylinder 19 through the outlet to the outside. Simultaneously, the linkage rod 31 drives the third piston disc 28 to move in the reverse direction (to the right in the diagram), closing one-way valve A29 and opening one-way valve B30. The cold air temporarily stored in the air exchange cylinder 21 enters the thermal cylinder 19, replacing the expelled high-temperature air and lowering the air temperature inside the thermal cylinder 19. This continues until the first piston disc 22 contacts and pushes the closing ring 23 back to its original position, closing the inlet and outlet. Thus, all components return to their initial state, preparing for the next reciprocating movement.

[0048] The greatest advantage of this embodiment is that the pneumatic drive structure utilizes the significantly higher temperature inside the evaporation chamber 4 compared to the external environment as a power source, eliminating the need for electrical drive. This is an advantage that conventional air pumps and other electrical equipment lack. Of course, if a power supply is readily available, the pneumatic drive structure can also employ an air pump or similar device.

[0049] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A solar thermal conversion seawater desalination distillation device, comprising an evaporator (1), wherein the top surface of the evaporator (1) is provided with a glass cover plate (2), characterized in that, The device also includes a seawater connecting box (3) that runs horizontally through the evaporator (1). The seawater connecting box (3) divides the interior of the evaporator (1) into an upper evaporation chamber (4) and a lower water storage chamber (5). The bottom of the evaporation chamber (4) is covered with a heat insulation layer (6). The heat insulation layer (6) is covered with a photothermal conversion layer (7). The photothermal conversion layer (7) is provided with several water-absorbing ropes (8) that extend downward and pass through the heat insulation layer (6) and the top wall of the seawater connecting box (3) and then extend into the interior of the seawater connecting box (3). A water-absorbing block (10) is slidably provided in the evaporation chamber (4) through a horizontal guide rail (9). The water-absorbing block (10) is in contact with the lower surface of the glass cover plate (2). A water collection device (11) that communicates with the water storage chamber (5) is provided on the inner side wall of the evaporation chamber (4). The device also includes a drive mechanism for driving the water-absorbing block (10) to reciprocate along the lower surface of the glass cover (2) and to contact and press against the inner wall of the evaporation chamber (4); The transverse guide rail (9) is a hollow tube structure, and a movable plug (18) with a magnetic plate is movably provided inside the transverse guide rail (9). The water-absorbing block (10) is provided with a magnetic ring that is magnetically attracted to the movable plug (18). One end of the transverse guide rail (9) is connected to the external environment, and the other end is connected to the driving mechanism. The driving mechanism blows or sucks air into the transverse guide rail (9) to drive the water-absorbing block (10) to move back and forth along the lower surface of the glass cover (2) and to contact and squeeze the inner wall of the evaporation chamber (4). The drive mechanism includes a thermodynamic cylinder (19), a transmission cylinder (20), and a ventilation cylinder (21). The thermodynamic cylinder (19) has part of its body embedded inside the evaporation chamber (4) and part of its body located in the external environment. The thermodynamic cylinder (19) is provided with a first piston disc (22). The thermodynamic cylinder (19) has an air inlet and an air outlet on its wall. The inner wall of the thermodynamic cylinder (19) is provided with a closing ring (23) for sealing the air inlet and the air outlet. The closing ring (23) is located on the side of the first piston disc (22) facing the evaporation chamber (4). The inner side of the closing ring (23) is provided with a collar (24) through a connecting rod. The first piston disc (22) is provided with a pull rod (25) that slides through the collar (24). The transmission cylinder (20) is provided with a second piston disc (26), and the second piston disc (26) is connected to a support spring (27). One end of the transmission cylinder (20) is connected to the transverse guide rail (9) through a pipe, and the other end is connected to the cavity in the thermodynamic cylinder (19) located on the side of the first piston disc (22) away from the evaporation chamber (4) through a pipe. The ventilation cylinder (21) is provided with a third piston disc (28), and a one-way valve A (29) is provided on the third piston disc (28). One end of the ventilation cylinder (21) is connected to the air inlet of the thermal power cylinder (19) through a pipe, and a one-way valve B (30) is provided on the connecting pipe. The other end of the ventilation cylinder (21) is designed to be open, and a linkage rod (31) is connected to the third piston disc (28) through the open and connected to the surface of the first piston disc (22) away from the evaporation chamber (4). In the initial state, under the heat accumulation of the photothermal conversion layer (7), the cylindrical part of the thermal power cylinder (19) embedded in the evaporation chamber (4) is heated. The air in this cylindrical part expands due to heat, pushing the first piston disc (22) to move away from the evaporation chamber (4). During the movement, the air in the cavity of the thermal power cylinder (19) away from the evaporation chamber (4) is squeezed into the transmission cylinder (20), causing the second piston disc (26) to move, squeezing the support spring (27) and pushing the gas in the lower part of the transmission cylinder (20) towards the transverse guide rail (9). The water is blown inside, which in turn pushes the moving plug (18) to move. At this time, the water-absorbing block (10) moves synchronously under the action of magnetic force, completing the absorption and squeezing of water droplets. At the same time, the first piston disc (22) drives the third piston disc (28) to move synchronously through the linkage rod (31). The one-way valve A (29) opens and the one-way valve B (30) closes, and the outside cold air enters the ventilation cylinder (21) for temporary storage. When the first piston disc (22) and the pull rod (25) contact the collar (24), the collar (24), the connecting rod and the closing mechanism are pulled. The ring (23) moves, causing the closed ring (23) to leave the inlet and outlet positions, opening the inlet and outlet. At this time, under the rebound force of the support spring (27), the second piston disc (26) moves in the opposite direction, increasing the space at the bottom of the transmission cylinder (20) and drawing air into the transverse guide rail (9), causing the moving plug (18) to move in the opposite direction. The water-absorbing block (10) moves synchronously under the action of magnetic force until the reset is completed. The reverse movement of the second piston disc (26) drives the first piston disc (22) to move in the opposite direction, moving the thermal power cylinder ( 19) The high-temperature gas inside is discharged to the outside through the outlet. At the same time, the third piston disc (28) is driven to move in the opposite direction through the linkage rod (31). The one-way valve A (29) is closed and the one-way valve B (30) is opened. The cold air temporarily stored in the air exchange cylinder (21) enters the thermal power cylinder (19) to replace the discharged high-temperature air, so that the air temperature in the thermal power cylinder (19) decreases. Until the first piston disc (22) contacts the closing ring (23) and pushes it to reset, the air inlet and outlet are closed, and the initial state is restored.

2. The solar thermal conversion seawater desalination distillation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the evaporator (1) is provided with a counterweight (12), and the outer circumference of the evaporator (1) is provided with a floating plate (13). The floating plate (13) is located above the seawater connecting box (3), and both ends of the seawater connecting box (3) are open.

3. The solar thermal conversion seawater desalination distillation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The absorbent block (10) consists of a rigid plate in the middle and sponge bodies connected to both sides of the rigid plate.

4. The solar thermal conversion seawater desalination distillation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water collection component (11) includes a water collection tank and a connecting pipe connected to the bottom of the water collection tank. The water collection tank is located below the contact and compression position between the water absorption block (10) and the inner wall of the evaporation chamber (4). The connecting pipe extends downward through the seawater connecting box (3) and into the water storage chamber (5).

5. A method for seawater desalination distillation through solar thermal conversion, characterized in that, The distillation apparatus described in any one of claims 1-4 includes the following specific steps: The evaporation box (1) is placed at sea level and seawater flows into the seawater connecting box (3). The seawater is absorbed by the water-absorbing rope (8) and dispersed into the photothermal conversion layer (7). After the sunlight passes through the glass cover (2), it shines on the photothermal conversion layer (7). The photothermal conversion layer (7) converts light energy into heat energy and heats the seawater to evaporate. The evaporated steam condenses when it encounters the glass cover (2), forming water droplets that adhere to the lower surface of the glass cover (2). The water-absorbing block (10) is driven by the driving mechanism to move back and forth along the lower surface of the glass cover (2) and contact and squeeze the inner wall of the evaporation chamber (4). The water-absorbing block (10) absorbs the water droplets during the back and forth movement. When it contacts and squeezes the inner wall of the evaporation chamber (4), the absorbed water is squeezed out and collected by the water collection component (11). The water collection component (11) guides the collected fresh water into the water storage chamber (5) for storage.

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