Quantum entanglement distribution method and device, terminal equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The application provides a quantum entanglement distribution method and device, terminal equipment and storage medium, the method comprises the following steps: performing quantum entanglement distribution by interacting with a second terminal equipment, the data packet of the interaction comprises first verification information, second verification information and a plurality of quantum blocks, the first verification information is used for verifying whether the distributed quantum entanglement is associated, and the second verification information is used for verifying whether the data of the plurality of quantum blocks is complete; in the case that the quantum entanglement distribution is completed, the resource corresponding to the quantum entanglement distribution is released. The method can safely and reliably transmit the photons to be distributed to the second terminal equipment, and improves the accuracy of quantum entanglement distribution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of quantum network technology, and in particular to a quantum entanglement distribution method, apparatus, terminal device, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Quantum networks utilize the principles of quantum mechanics for information transmission and processing, offering attractive functionalities not found in traditional networks. Achieving entanglement distribution among network nodes is one of the key tasks in quantum network applications. Meanwhile, with advancements in free-space quantum communication technology, protocol methods suitable for resource allocation in mobile terminals have become increasingly important. Currently, connection-oriented entanglement distribution methods based on the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and connectionless entanglement distribution methods based on the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) have been proposed.

[0003] However, existing entanglement distribution methods do not have corresponding data packet formats designed for entanglement distribution, which means that existing entanglement distribution methods cannot provide a secure and reliable data packet solution. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a quantum entanglement distribution method, apparatus, terminal device, and storage medium to address the shortcomings of existing entanglement distribution methods in providing secure and reliable data packet solutions. By including verification information in the data packet to verify whether the distributed quantum entanglement is associated and verification information to verify whether the data of multiple quantum blocks is complete, the photons to be distributed can be transmitted securely and reliably to the second terminal device, thereby improving the accuracy of quantum entanglement distribution.

[0005] This invention provides a quantum entanglement distribution method, applied to a first terminal device, comprising the following steps.

[0006] Quantum entanglement is distributed by interacting with a second terminal device. The data packet of the interaction includes first verification information, second verification information and multiple quantum blocks. The first verification information is used to verify whether the distributed quantum entanglement is associated, and the second verification information is used to verify whether the data of the multiple quantum blocks is complete. Once the quantum entanglement distribution is complete, the resources corresponding to the quantum entanglement distribution are released.

[0007] According to a quantum entanglement distribution method provided by the present invention, the interactive data packet includes a message header and quantum information. The message header includes routing information, the routing information includes relay node information required for the quantum entanglement distribution, and the quantum information includes first verification information, second verification information, and the plurality of quantum blocks.

[0008] According to a quantum entanglement distribution method provided by the present invention, the step of distributing quantum entanglement through interaction with a second terminal device includes: Establish an association with the second terminal device, wherein the association is established using a four-way handshake mechanism; The quantum entanglement distribution is performed using multiple data streams.

[0009] According to a quantum entanglement distribution method provided by the present invention, the step of establishing an association with the second terminal device includes: An initialization data packet is obtained and sent to the second terminal device according to routing information. The routing information is stored in the initialization data packet and is determined based on the entanglement distribution between the first terminal device and the second terminal device. Receive the initialization confirmation data packet sent by the second terminal device, and send an association verification data packet to the second terminal device; Receive the association confirmation data packet sent by the second terminal device and establish an association with the second terminal device.

[0010] According to a quantum entanglement distribution method provided by the present invention, the routing information includes relay node information required for the quantum entanglement distribution, the relay node information is placed in the message header of the initialization data packet, and the step of sending the packet to the second terminal device according to the routing information includes: During the process of sending the initialization data packet to the second terminal device, the relay node corresponding to the relay node information reads the message header information of the initialization data packet and relays the quantum state.

[0011] According to a quantum entanglement distribution method provided by the present invention, the initialization data packet includes quantum information, and the relay node corresponding to the relay node information reads the message header information of the initialization data packet and relays the quantum state, including: The target relay node receives and demultiplexes the initial data packet to obtain the target message header and target quantum information. The target relay node is any one of the relay nodes corresponding to the relay node information. Determine whether the destination is the target relay node based on the routing information in the target message header; If the destination is the target relay node, then the target quantum information is guided to the quantum detector via an optical switch; If the destination is not the target relay node, the target quantum information is guided into the relay via the optical switch.

[0012] According to a quantum entanglement distribution method provided by the present invention, the associated verification data packet includes a state verification quantum block, the quantum block includes target verification information, a target storage unit and a target capacity, the target verification information is the associated verification information obtained from the initialization confirmation data packet, and the target storage unit and target capacity are quantum storage units and quantum storage capacities reserved for establishing the quantum entanglement.

[0013] According to a quantum entanglement distribution method provided by the present invention, the quantum entanglement distribution is performed using multiple data streams, including: Entangled photons to be distributed are encapsulated in the form of quantum blocks in a distribution data packet to obtain multiple distribution data packets; Multiple data streams are transmitted using multiple cores of a multi-core optical fiber, and the multiple data streams include the multiple data packets to be distributed.

[0014] According to a quantum entanglement distribution method provided by the present invention, the quantum state of a target data stream among the multiple data streams is loaded into the message header of the data packet to be distributed of the target data stream through time-division multiplexing. The target data stream is any one of the multiple data streams.

[0015] According to a quantum entanglement distribution method provided by the present invention, the message header of the data packet to be distributed includes a target stream number, which is used to indicate the number of multiple data streams. The target stream number is determined through negotiation during the process of establishing an association with the second terminal device.

[0016] According to a quantum entanglement distribution method provided by the present invention, before establishing an association with the second terminal device, the method further includes: A correlation establishment signal is generated using a classical light source and weakly coherent pulses. The correlation establishment signal includes the classical information required to establish the correlation and the quantum state required in the four-way handshake process. The process of establishing an association with the second terminal device includes: The association establishment signal is multiplexed using a time-division multiplexer to establish an association with the second terminal device.

[0017] According to a quantum entanglement distribution method provided by the present invention, the step of releasing the resources corresponding to the quantum entanglement distribution after the quantum entanglement distribution is completed includes: Send a shutdown data packet to the second terminal device, the shutdown data packet including notification information that entanglement distribution has ended; Upon receiving the shutdown confirmation data packet sent by the second terminal device, a shutdown end data packet is sent to the second terminal device, and the device enters the shutdown state.

[0018] The present invention also provides a quantum entanglement distribution device, applied to a first terminal device, comprising the following modules.

[0019] The entanglement distribution module is used to distribute quantum entanglement by interacting with a second terminal device. The data packet of the interaction includes first verification information, second verification information and multiple quantum blocks. The first verification information is used to verify whether the distributed quantum entanglement is associated, and the second verification information is used to verify whether the data of the multiple quantum blocks is complete. The resource release module is used to release the resources corresponding to the quantum entanglement distribution when the quantum entanglement distribution is completed.

[0020] The present invention also provides a terminal device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the quantum entanglement distribution method as described above.

[0021] The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the quantum entanglement distribution method as described above.

[0022] The present invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the quantum entanglement distribution method as described above.

[0023] The quantum entanglement distribution method, apparatus, terminal device, and storage medium provided by this invention, by including verification information in the data packet to verify whether the distributed quantum entanglement is associated and verification information to verify whether the data of multiple quantum blocks is complete, can safely and reliably transmit photons to be distributed to a second terminal device, thereby improving the accuracy of quantum entanglement distribution. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is one of the flowcharts of the quantum entanglement distribution method provided by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the data packet format provided by the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 The second schematic diagram of the quantum entanglement distribution method provided by this invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for establishing associations provided by the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the scenario for establishing an association provided by the present invention.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a scenario where data streams are transmitted using multi-core optical fibers, as provided by the present invention.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the process of resolving entanglement and distribution association using the three-way handshake mechanism provided by the present invention.

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a network node provided by the present invention.

[0033] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the performance of the QKD protocol for entangled photon sources on an entangled distribution network provided by the present invention.

[0034] Figure 10 This is a comparative diagram of using and not using QDAR provided by the present invention.

[0035] Figure 11 This is a network simulation operation diagram provided by the present invention.

[0036] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the quantum entanglement distribution device provided by the present invention.

[0037] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of the terminal device provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0039] With advancements in quantum technology, establishing quantum networks by connecting quantum nodes is becoming increasingly feasible. Quantum networks offer a pathway to groundbreaking applications such as distributed quantum computing and information-theoretic secure communication. Furthermore, they can generate and distribute entangled states between quantum network nodes.

[0040] Assigning Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs between distant quantum nodes is a primary function of quantum networks. When a node becomes entangled, entangled photons can be transmitted to neighboring nodes via a quantum channel. However, assigning entanglement between two distant nodes is very difficult due to channel loss and decoherence. Repeaters can effectively solve this problem. We can assign entanglement in different ways by using different types of repeaters. The following describes a commonly used entanglement assignment method in the prior art, assuming nodes A and C are two distant quantum nodes, and node B is a repeater node. When nodes A and B both have entangled pairs, we measure one photon from each of the two entangled pairs, which will entangle the remaining two photons. This can be achieved by node A transmitting one photon from the entangled pair to node B via a quantum channel, and then node B performing a local measurement. Then, the entangled photon undergoes the same operation as the entangled pair at node C, and the entanglement can be continuously propagated. Such node-by-node measurement enables long-distance entanglement distribution.

[0041] Currently, connection-oriented entanglement distribution methods based on Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and connectionless entanglement distribution methods based on User Datagram Protocol (UDP) have been proposed. However, existing entanglement distribution methods do not have corresponding packet formats designed for entanglement distribution, resulting in the inability of current entanglement distribution methods to provide secure and reliable packet solutions.

[0042] In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a quantum entanglement distribution method applied to a first terminal device, comprising distributing quantum entanglement through interaction with a second terminal device. The data packet of the interaction includes first verification information, second verification information, and multiple quantum blocks. The first verification information is used to verify whether the distributed quantum entanglement is associated, and the second verification information is used to verify whether the data of the multiple quantum blocks is complete. Upon completion of the quantum entanglement distribution, the resources corresponding to the quantum entanglement distribution are released. This method can safely and reliably transmit photons to be distributed to the second terminal device, improving the accuracy of quantum entanglement distribution.

[0043] The technical solutions of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 1This is one of the flowcharts illustrating the quantum entanglement distribution method provided by the present invention. The quantum entanglement distribution method can be applied to terminal devices, which can be various types of devices with information processing capabilities during implementation. For example, the terminal device may include a personal computer, laptop computer, handheld computer, or server; the terminal device may also be a mobile terminal, such as a mobile phone, in-vehicle computer, tablet computer, or projector. Figure 1 As shown, the method may include the following steps 101 to 102: Step 101: Quantum entanglement is distributed by interacting with a second terminal device. The data packet of the interaction includes first verification information, second verification information and multiple quantum blocks. The first verification information is used to verify whether the distributed quantum entanglement is associated, and the second verification information is used to verify whether the data of the multiple quantum blocks is complete.

[0045] It should be noted that the first terminal device is the source node for distributing quantum entanglement, and the second terminal device is the destination node for receiving the distributed quantum entanglement. There are many ways to distribute quantum entanglement through interaction with the second terminal device, with data packet interaction being a common method. The data exchanged may include first verification information, second verification information, and multiple quantum blocks, where each quantum block contains data information.

[0046] Step 102: Once the quantum entanglement distribution is complete, release the resources corresponding to the quantum entanglement distribution.

[0047] It should be noted that there are many ways to release the resources corresponding to the quantum entanglement distribution. For example, the resources can be turned off directly, or the resources can be released by communicating with the second terminal device. This invention does not limit the way to release the resources corresponding to the quantum entanglement distribution after the quantum entanglement distribution is completed.

[0048] It is understood that the quantum entanglement distribution method provided by the present invention, by determining that the structure of the data packet includes first verification information, second verification information and multiple quantum blocks, wherein the first verification information is used to verify whether the distributed quantum entanglement is associated, and the second verification information is used to verify whether the data of the multiple quantum blocks is complete, can safely and reliably transmit the photons to be distributed to the second terminal device, thereby improving the accuracy of quantum entanglement distribution.

[0049] In some embodiments, the data packet of the interaction includes a message header and quantum information. The message header includes routing information, which includes relay node information required for the distribution of the quantum entanglement. The quantum information includes the first verification information, the second verification information, and the plurality of quantum blocks.

[0050] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the data packet format provided by the present invention. For example... Figure 2 The diagram shows the basic format of the data packets exchanged between nodes in the quantum entanglement distribution method provided by this invention. This data packet format is applicable to the entire process of the quantum entanglement distribution method. Exemplarily, it includes the processes of association establishment, entanglement allocation, and association disassociation.

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, each data packet consists of a common message header and several quantum blocks. The message header, i.e., classical information, may include the source port number, destination port number, and routing information. The source and destination port numbers convey the port information of the message sender and receiver. The routing information contains relay node information required to establish the association. All of this information is transmitted in the header. The quantum verification random number is used by the receiver to distinguish different associations. Each association has its own verification random number, which can be generated each time an association is established. This verification random number needs to be added throughout the entanglement distribution process; if the random number is found to be inconsistent with the corresponding association, the message is discarded. To verify whether user data is corrupted, a digest can be obtained by classically hashing the data in the quantum blocks, and then encoded onto the photons to be transmitted, thereby verifying the integrity of the message. The verification random number (first verification information), the hash value (second verification information), and the distributed entangled photons are transmitted via quantum states. This data packet structure enables the successful transmission of quantum signals from the source node to the destination node in the quantum network. Classical and quantum information can be transmitted using classical communication techniques, quantum communication techniques, or other communication technologies.

[0052] Furthermore, during data packet transmission, single photons with different bases can be randomly inserted into the transmission block to ensure secure information transmission. Specifically, nodes participating in the entanglement distribution can use the randomly inserted photons to estimate the qubit error rate. If the estimated qubit error rate is lower than the threshold qubit error rate, the message is considered to have been transmitted securely.

[0053] In some embodiments, quantum entanglement distribution may include three steps: establishing a correlation, performing quantum entanglement distribution, and contacting the correlation.

[0054] Figure 3 This is a second schematic flowchart of the quantum entanglement distribution method provided by the present invention. The quantum entanglement distribution method may include: Step 201: Establish an association with the second terminal device, wherein the association is established using a four-way handshake mechanism.

[0055] Step 202: Distribute the quantum entanglement using multiple data streams.

[0056] Step 203: Once the quantum entanglement distribution is complete, release the resources corresponding to the quantum entanglement distribution.

[0057] It is understandable that reliable end-to-end entanglement distribution can be achieved by three steps: ① establishing the association between the source node and the destination node, ② distributing entanglement using multiple streams, and ③ timely disconnecting the source node and the destination node to release the occupied resources.

[0058] In some embodiments, establishing an association with the second terminal device can be achieved using a four-way handshake mechanism.

[0059] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for establishing associations provided by this invention. For example... Figure 4 As shown, step 201, which establishes an association with the second terminal device, may include: Step 301: Obtain an initialization data packet and send it to the second terminal device according to the routing information. The routing information is stored in the initialization data packet and is determined based on the entanglement distribution between the first terminal device and the second terminal device. Step 302: Receive the initialization confirmation data packet sent by the second terminal device, and send an association verification data packet to the second terminal device; Step 303: Receive the association confirmation data packet sent by the second terminal device and establish an association with the second terminal device.

[0060] Understandably, the method of establishing entanglement distribution association by adopting a four-way handshake mechanism can establish a reliable association between the source node and the destination node, laying a solid foundation for entanglement distribution.

[0061] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a scenario for establishing an association, provided by the present invention. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the process of establishing an association between the source node and the destination node can be implemented with reference to the classic Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). Since the existing SCTP lacks certain security features, this invention provides an association establishment process referencing Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC) to address this issue. Figure 5 As shown, the steps for establishing an association between terminal A and terminal B may include: Step 401: The association establishment process begins with terminal A creating and sending an initialization (INIT) quantum block using quantum communication technology such as QSDC. Terminal A then transitions from a closed state to a cookie-waiting state. The INIT quantum block contains path information for this entangled distribution selected by a routing algorithm and is transmitted along the path to terminal B.

[0062] Step 402: After receiving the INIT quantum block, Terminal B sends an Initialization Acknowledgment (INIT-ACK) quantum block. The INIT-ACK quantum block contains the additional random number from step 401 and a newly generated verification random number from Terminal B to ensure the identities of both communicating parties. INIT-ACK also contains a mandatory parameter cookie. The cookie consists of the necessary details required to process the association and a signature that only the receiver can verify. Its purpose is for Terminal B to store all information related to the association within it and send it to Terminal A via INIT-ACK, without storing any information related to this association. After sending the INIT-ACK message, Terminal B remains in a closed state.

[0063] Step 403: After receiving INIT-ACK, terminal A sends a status cookie (COOKIE ECHO) to terminal B to return the quantum block.

[0064] Step 404: After receiving the COOKIE ECHO, Terminal B verifies the cookie to ensure it was indeed sent in Step 402 and has not been tampered with. If the cookie is correct and valid, Terminal B extracts the association-related information, establishes a Quantum Stream Control Transmission Protocol (QSCTP) association, sends a COOKIE ACK quantum block to Terminal A, reserves necessary resources, and enters the establishment state. All nodes on the route, upon receiving this data block, also reserve corresponding resources, awaiting entanglement distribution.

[0065] Step 405: After receiving the COOKIE ACK quantum block, terminal A also enters the association establishment state.

[0066] It is understood that the above embodiments provide a process for establishing associations in a message-oriented quantum entanglement distribution protocol. The method described above can securely and reliably establish associations.

[0067] In some embodiments, the routing information includes relay node information required for the distribution of quantum entanglement. The relay node information is placed in the message header of the initialization data packet. Sending the initialization data packet to the second terminal device according to the routing information may include: during the process of sending the initialization data packet to the second terminal device, the relay node corresponding to the relay node information reads the information in the message header of the initialization data packet and relays the quantum state.

[0068] For example, such as Figure 5In the embodiment shown, the routing information is calculated by terminal A and placed in the classical header, and nodes along the route can read the classical information and relay the quantum state.

[0069] Furthermore, the initialization data packet includes quantum information. The relay node corresponding to the relay node information reads the message header information of the initialization data packet and relays the quantum state, which may include: the target relay node receiving and demultiplexing the initialization data packet to obtain the target message header and target quantum information, wherein the target relay node is any one of the relay nodes corresponding to the relay node information; determining whether the destination is the target relay node based on the routing information in the target message header; if the destination is the target relay node, guiding the target quantum information to the quantum detector through an optical switch; if the destination is not the target relay node, guiding the target quantum information into the repeater through the optical switch.

[0070] It's important to note that during the association establishment process, the classical header information is sent before the quantum payload. Upon receiving the signal, the relay node first demultiplexes it to separate the classical and quantum signals. The classical processor reads the routing information from the classical header. If the destination is itself, an optical switch guides the quantum signal to a quantum detector to retrieve the relevant message. If the destination is another node, the quantum signal is guided into the repeater via the optical switch. In QSDC, secure repeaters are used as practical quantum network repeaters. Specifically, in a secure repeater, the ciphertext is read out and converted into a classical message protected by a post-quantum cryptographic algorithm. This is then re-encoded into a quantum state. After relaying, the quantum signal is multiplexed with the classical header and forwarded to the next node according to the routing algorithm until it reaches its destination.

[0071] It is understood that, using the above method, the target relay node can determine whether to probe the target quantum information or relay the target quantum information based on the target message header and target quantum information in the initialization data packet.

[0072] In some embodiments, the associated verification data packet includes a state verification quantum block, the quantum block including target verification information, a target storage unit, and a target capacity. The target verification information is the associated verification information obtained from the initialization confirmation data packet, and the target storage unit and target capacity are quantum storage units and quantum storage capacities reserved for establishing the quantum entanglement.

[0073] For example, such as Figure 5In the illustrated embodiment, after receiving INIT-ACK, terminal A sends a state cookie return (COOKIE ECHO) quantum block to terminal B. This block may contain the cookie received from terminal B, as well as information such as the quantum storage units and capacity reserved for this entanglement. After transmission, terminal A enters the cookie confirmation state.

[0074] In some embodiments, step 202, which uses multiple data streams to distribute quantum entanglement, may include: encapsulating the entangled photons to be distributed in the form of quantum blocks in a distribution data packet to obtain multiple data packets to be distributed; and using multiple cores of a multi-core optical fiber to transmit multiple data streams, wherein the multiple data streams include the multiple data packets to be distributed.

[0075] It should be noted that, in order to integrate with QSCTP, the entangled photons to be distributed can be transmitted in the form of quantum blocks, encapsulated in data packets, and distributed using multiple data streams. For example, different cores of a multi-core optical fiber can be used to transmit different data streams.

[0076] Furthermore, the quantum state of the target data stream among the multiple data streams is loaded into the message header of the data packet to be distributed in the target data stream via time-division multiplexing, where the target data stream is any one of the multiple data streams.

[0077] It should be noted that different cores of multi-core optical fibers are used to transmit different data streams. The quantum states in each stream can be transmitted by loading a classical header through time-division multiplexing. Space-division multiplexing technology allows signals to be transmitted in multiple spatial paths in a single optical fiber. Multi-core optical fibers prepared based on this technology increase the number of parallel spatial channels by arranging multiple cores in the same cladding. Such optical fibers have a significant effect on improving transmission capacity.

[0078] Furthermore, the message header of the data packet to be distributed includes a target stream number, which indicates the number of multiple data streams. The target stream number is negotiated and determined during the process of establishing an association with the second terminal device.

[0079] It should be noted that the number of flows available in a QSCTP association can be negotiated between the two parties during association establishment and can be sent along with routing information. The quantum states in each flow can be transmitted using time-division multiplexing with a classical header. In other words, each data flow is independently encoded and sent, without affecting the reception of data from other flows.

[0080] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a scenario where multi-core optical fibers are used to transmit data streams, as provided by this invention. For example... Figure 6As shown, in QSCTP, due to the scarcity of quantum resources, the capacity of a single-core fiber is insufficient to meet the demands of large-scale communication. In QSCTP, different cores of multi-core fibers can be used to transmit different data streams. This not only ensures that messages destined for different purposes under the same association can be transmitted simultaneously in a single fiber, but also avoids the impact of single-stream blocking on the transmission of other stream messages.

[0081] In some embodiments, before establishing an association with the second terminal device, the method may further include: generating an association establishment signal using a classical light source and weakly coherent pulses, the association establishment signal including classical information required to establish an association and quantum states required during the four-way handshake process; establishing an association with the second terminal device includes: multiplexing the association establishment signal with a time-division multiplexer to establish an association with the second terminal device.

[0082] It should be noted that during the association establishment process in QSDC, the source node can use classical light sources and weakly coherent pulses to generate an association establishment signal. The signal contains the classical information required to establish the association, namely the message header and the quantum state required in the four-way handshake process, and is then multiplexed by a time-division multiplexer.

[0083] In some embodiments, releasing the resources corresponding to the quantum entanglement distribution can be achieved through interaction between a first terminal device and a second terminal device.

[0084] In an embodiment of the present invention, releasing the resources corresponding to the quantum entanglement distribution after the quantum entanglement distribution is completed may include: sending a shutdown data packet to the second terminal device, the shutdown data packet including notification information that the entanglement distribution has ended; receiving a shutdown confirmation data packet sent by the second terminal device, sending a shutdown end data packet to the second terminal device, and entering a shutdown state.

[0085] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of resolving entanglement and distribution associations using the three-way handshake mechanism provided by this invention. Figure 7 As shown, first, terminal A sends a SHUTDOWN quantum block to terminal B, which contains a notification indicating the end of entanglement distribution. Upon receiving the SHUTDOWN block, terminal B notifies the upper-layer protocol that it has received the closure message and simultaneously stops receiving any other messages from its upper-layer protocol. Once all photons have been received, terminal B can use QSDC to send a closure acknowledgment (SHUTDOWN-ACK) quantum block and notify terminal A that it has released the resources used for entanglement distribution. After receiving the SHUTDOWN-ACK block, terminal A responds by sending a SHUTDOWN-COMPLETE block to terminal B. This indicates that terminal A has entered the closure state. Upon receiving the SHUTDOWN-COMPLETE block, terminal B also enters the closure state.

[0086] Understandably, the above method enables network nodes to promptly detach from each other after the entanglement distribution ends, releasing occupied resources and conserving network resources.

[0087] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a network node provided by the present invention. For example... Figure 8 As shown, based on the QSCTP protocol designed in this invention, this invention also provides an internal structure design for network nodes when using the QSCTP protocol in a network. In the above data packet structure, a classical signal needs to be allocated for quantum information to facilitate information transmission, which poses new requirements for the internal configuration of the nodes. This invention proposes a node internal architecture design corresponding to the QSCTP protocol, covering the basic functions necessary for entanglement distribution.

[0088] First, the association establishment process is based on QSDC. In QSCTP, the source node generates an association establishment signal using a classical light source and weakly coherent pulses, such as... Figure 8 As shown. The signal contains the classical information needed to establish a connection—the message header—and the quantum states required for the four-way handshake, and is then multiplexed by a time-division multiplexer. The classical header information is sent before the quantum payload. Upon receiving the signal, the relay node first demultiplexes it to separate the classical and quantum signals. The classical processor reads the routing information from the classical header. If the destination is itself, an optical switch directs the quantum signal to a quantum detector to retrieve the relevant message. If the destination is another node, the quantum signal is directed into the repeater via the optical switch. In QSDC, secure repeaters are used as practical quantum network repeaters. Specifically, in a secure repeater, the ciphertext is read out and converted into a classical message protected by a post-quantum cryptographic algorithm, then re-encoded into a quantum state. After relaying, the quantum signal is multiplexed with the classical header and forwarded to the next node according to the routing algorithm until it reaches its destination.

[0089] After the association is established, the entanglement distribution process takes place. Assume source node A wants to complete entanglement distribution with target node C and has already established an association. During entanglement distribution, relay node B is needed. The transmission process of the classical head state and single-photon state during entanglement distribution is the same as during association establishment. Here, we only analyze the flow of entangled photons. Node A first generates a photon pair using the entanglement source. One photon in the entangled photon pair is stored in node A's quantum memory, and the other photon is coupled via an optical fiber coupler to a photon containing verification random numbers and hash values ​​generated by a weakly coherent pulse. The photon is then multiplexed with the classical head using a time-division multiplexer. Node B also generates a pair of entangled photons; one photon performs a Bell state measurement (BSM) with the photon sent from node A to achieve entanglement exchange, and the other photon is sent to node C. Figure 8The quantum memories at both ends of the Bell state measurement (BSM) are used to temporarily store photons when entangled pairs sent by the two nodes do not arrive simultaneously. Node C repeats the operation of node B to complete the entanglement distribution.

[0090] The following will describe exemplary applications of the embodiments of the present invention in practical application scenarios.

[0091] This invention proposes a message-oriented quantum entanglement distribution protocol, namely the quantum entanglement distribution method, or quantum flow controlled transmission protocol (QSCTP), and its application in entangled distribution networks will be described below. Through prototype network testing, we have verified its effectiveness in the intended application, providing a promising path for the seamless integration of quantum networks and paving the way for its application.

[0092] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the performance of the QKD protocol for entangled photon sources on an entangled distribution network provided by the present invention. Figure 9 As shown, curves with different labels represent the number of classical repeaters used, demonstrating the performance of the QKD protocol for entangled photon sources in the network architecture provided by this invention. This indicates that QKD can operate effectively in the network provided by this invention. It is evident that quantum key distribution (QKD) is implemented in the network architecture provided by this invention, a performance analysis model is established, and convincing performance results are presented.

[0093] As an important application of entanglement distribution, this invention can be used to implement QKD or QSDC. The BBM92 protocol is one of the important QKD protocols that utilize entanglement. Figure 8 The curve shown in the middle circle represents the relationship between key rate and transmission distance when distributing entanglement without using practical quantum network repeaters. In actual communication, repeaters are deployed at certain distances to ensure key rate. Such repeaters are necessary for the entanglement distribution network provided by this invention. Without repeaters, only a secure communication distance of 180 km can be achieved.

[0094] like Figure 8 The diagram shows that a classical converter structure can also be used without using a practical quantum network repeater. When a classical-quantum hybrid frame arrives at a node, it only reads and processes the classical information, does not measure the quantum state, and directly transmits it to the next node. Figure 8 The impact of deploying different numbers of converters (n) on the key rate is also shown. It can be seen that networks using repeaters are more conducive to the operation of the entanglement distribution network provided by this invention.

[0095] Figure 10 This is a comparative diagram showing the use and non-use of QDAR provided by the present invention. For example... Figure 10The diagram shows the relationship between capacity utilization (CER) and blocking rate (BR) and the number of requests when using and not using Quantum Dynamic Address Reconfiguration (QDAR). This embodiment demonstrates the benefits of the proposed quantum flow control transmission protocol for achieving network routing reconfiguration. The invention also demonstrates the communication performance of QSCTP with mobile terminals under practical parameters; that is, if there are mobile terminals in the network, the network protocol provided by this invention will be more efficient than existing network protocols.

[0096] This invention draws inspiration from the classic DAR (Digital Stream Control) protocol and develops the Switchable Routing Quantum Stream Control Transmission Protocol (QSCTP). This protocol can fully utilize existing network resources, thus achieving more efficient network resource utilization. When a route fails, it can quickly utilize an alternative route for transmission without re-establishing the connection, thereby improving overall network transmission performance. In other words, when a target terminal moves, two different routes can be established directly during the connection establishment process. When the mobile terminal moves to the range of another network node, the route is automatically switched without needing to re-establish the connection.

[0097] Figure 11 This is a network simulation operation diagram provided by the present invention. For example... Figure 11 As shown, the present invention is as follows Figure 10 Simulations were performed in the network shown in Figure 10. As can be seen, in the presence of a mobile receiver, the QDAR-based protocol exhibits a lower blocking rate and consumes less capacity resources. For example, when the number of requests is 50, to satisfy the same number of requests, the capacity utilization rate decreases by 7.7%, and the blocking rate decreases by 4.86%, which is 30.01% lower than the protocol without QDAR. This is because the protocol without QDAR selects a suboptimal route, leading to wasted resources, and the unreasonable use of resources results in subsequent requests not being adequately satisfied.

[0098] Understandably, for quantum networks, existing technologies have proposed connection-oriented entanglement distribution strategies based on Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and connectionless entanglement distribution strategies based on User Datagram Protocol (UDP). However, similar to classical communication protocols, the TCP-based connection-oriented entanglement distribution strategy is prone to head-of-line blocking, which introduces latency. Furthermore, its lack of redundant connections makes the transmission service susceptible to failures, denial-of-service attacks, and other vulnerabilities. The UDP-based connectionless entanglement distribution strategy is an unreliable transmission protocol. It cannot guarantee that distributed photons will successfully reach their destination, let alone arrive at the receiver in the correct order. In contrast, the Quantum Stream Control Transmission Protocol (QSCTP) inherits and enhances the advantages of both UDP and TCP. QSCTP combines the message-oriented nature of UDP with the ordered and reliable transmission service of TCP. Therefore, QSCTP can act as a reliable transmission protocol similar to TCP while retaining an application programming interface similar to UDP. Furthermore, this invention proposes an association establishment process based on an information-theoretic security scheme. This invention also provides the design scheme and operating mechanism of nodes in a network corresponding to the Quantum Stream Control Transmission Protocol.

[0099] On the other hand, network reconfiguration typically occurs when a mobile device moves from one base station to another, and sometimes even when a link fails (e.g., is disconnected, pulled out, or becomes overly congested). While most of these adjustments may be hidden outside the transport layer, applications will lose their current session if IP addresses change. However, since QSCTP can configure multiple IP addresses for communication between terminals, Quantum Dynamic Address Reconfiguration (QDAR) is a simple and practical reconfiguration solution. In recent years, some quantum terminals have been mounted on mobile devices such as drones, enabling free-space quantum communication for mobile terminals and providing users with more convenient quantum connectivity. Although implementing entanglement distribution on mobile devices is difficult under current technological conditions, the allocation of quantum resources among quantum nodes serving mobile devices becomes crucial when mobile users communicate with the nearest quantum node via classical communication or pre-distributed random numbers. Our developed QSCTP can also effectively solve this problem with the help of QDAR. Therefore, an entanglement distribution protocol with similar functionality designed for quantum networks in this invention is necessary.

[0100] Based on the foregoing embodiments, this invention provides a quantum entanglement distribution device. The modules and units included in the device can be implemented by a processor; of course, they can also be implemented by specific logic circuits. In the implementation process, the processor can be a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor (MPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0101] The quantum entanglement distribution device provided by the present invention is described below. The quantum entanglement distribution device described below can be referred to in correspondence with the quantum entanglement distribution method described above.

[0102] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the quantum entanglement distribution device provided by the present invention. Figure 12 As shown, the device 500 includes an entanglement distribution module 501 and a resource release module 502, wherein: Entanglement distribution module 501 is used to distribute quantum entanglement by interacting with a second terminal device. The data packet of the interaction includes first verification information, second verification information and multiple quantum blocks. The first verification information is used to verify whether the distributed quantum entanglement is associated, and the second verification information is used to verify whether the data of the multiple quantum blocks is complete. The resource release module 502 is used to release the resources corresponding to the quantum entanglement distribution when the quantum entanglement distribution is completed.

[0103] In some embodiments, the data packet of the interaction includes a message header and quantum information. The message header includes routing information, which includes relay node information required for the distribution of the quantum entanglement. The quantum information includes the first verification information, the second verification information, and the plurality of quantum blocks.

[0104] In some embodiments, the entanglement distribution module 501 includes an association establishment unit and an entanglement distribution unit, wherein,

[0105] The association establishment unit is used to establish an association with the second terminal device, and the association establishment adopts a four-way handshake mechanism. The entanglement distribution unit is used to distribute quantum entanglement using multiple data streams.

[0106] In some embodiments, the association establishment unit is specifically configured to: obtain an initialization data packet and send it to the second terminal device according to routing information, wherein the routing information is stored in the initialization data packet and the routing information is determined based on the entanglement distribution between the first terminal device and the second terminal device; receive an initialization confirmation data packet sent by the second terminal device and send an association verification data packet to the second terminal device; receive an association confirmation data packet sent by the second terminal device and establish an association with the second terminal device.

[0107] In some embodiments, the routing information includes relay node information required for the quantum entanglement distribution, the relay node information being placed in the message header of the initialization data packet, and the association establishment unit is further configured to: during the process of the initialization data packet being sent to the second terminal device, the relay node corresponding to the relay node information reads the information in the message header of the initialization data packet and relays the quantum state.

[0108] In some embodiments, the initialization data packet includes quantum information, and the association establishment unit is further configured to: receive and demultiplex the initialization data packet to obtain a target message header and target quantum information, wherein the target relay node is any one of the relay nodes corresponding to the relay node information; determine whether the destination is the target relay node based on the routing information in the target message header; if the destination is the target relay node, guide the target quantum information to the quantum detector through an optical switch; if the destination is not the target relay node, guide the target quantum information into the repeater through the optical switch.

[0109] In some embodiments, the associated verification data packet includes a state verification quantum block, the quantum block including target verification information, a target storage unit, and a target capacity. The target verification information is the associated verification information obtained from the initialization confirmation data packet, and the target storage unit and target capacity are quantum storage units and quantum storage capacities reserved for establishing the quantum entanglement.

[0110] In some embodiments, the entanglement distribution unit is specifically used to: encapsulate entangled photons to be distributed in the form of quantum blocks in a distribution data packet to obtain multiple data packets to be distributed; and transmit multiple data streams using multiple cores of a multi-core optical fiber, wherein the multiple data streams include the multiple data packets to be distributed.

[0111] In some embodiments, the quantum state of a target data stream among the plurality of data streams is loaded into the message header of the data packet to be distributed in the target data stream via time-division multiplexing, wherein the target data stream is any one of the plurality of data streams.

[0112] In some embodiments, the header of the data packet to be distributed includes a target stream number, which indicates the number of multiple data streams and is negotiated and determined during the process of establishing an association with the second terminal device.

[0113] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes a signal establishment unit for generating an association establishment signal using a classical light source and weakly coherent pulses. The association establishment signal includes classical information required to establish an association and quantum states required during the four-way handshake process. Specifically, the association establishment unit is used to multiplex the association establishment signal with the second terminal device using a time-division multiplexer to establish an association.

[0114] In some embodiments, the resource release module 502 is specifically used to: send a shutdown data packet to the second terminal device, the shutdown data packet including notification information of the end of entanglement distribution; receive a shutdown confirmation data packet sent by the second terminal device, send a shutdown end data packet to the second terminal device, and enter the shutdown state.

[0115] In this embodiment of the invention, by including verification information in the data packet to verify whether the distributed quantum entanglement is associated and verification information to verify whether the data of multiple quantum blocks is complete, the photons to be distributed can be transmitted to the second terminal device safely and reliably, thereby improving the accuracy of quantum entanglement distribution.

[0116] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of the terminal device provided by the present invention, such as... Figure 13 As shown, the terminal device may include a processor 601, a communications interface 602, a memory 603, and a communication bus 604. The processor 601, communications interface 602, and memory 603 communicate with each other via the communication bus 604. The processor 601 can call logical instructions in the memory 603 to execute a quantum entanglement distribution method. This method includes: distributing quantum entanglement through interaction with a second terminal device, wherein the data packet of the interaction includes first verification information, second verification information, and multiple quantum blocks. The first verification information is used to verify whether the distributed quantum entanglement is associated, and the second verification information is used to verify whether the data of the multiple quantum blocks is complete; and, upon completion of the quantum entanglement distribution, releasing the resources corresponding to the quantum entanglement distribution.

[0117] Furthermore, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory 603 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, essentially, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0118] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer can execute the quantum entanglement distribution method provided by the above methods. The method includes: performing quantum entanglement distribution by interacting with a second terminal device, wherein the data packet of the interaction includes first verification information, second verification information and multiple quantum blocks, wherein the first verification information is used to verify whether the distributed quantum entanglement is associated, and the second verification information is used to verify whether the data of the multiple quantum blocks is complete; and releasing the resources corresponding to the quantum entanglement distribution when the quantum entanglement distribution is completed.

[0119] The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present invention are generated. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that a computer can store or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a solid-state disk (SSD)).

[0120] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the quantum entanglement distribution method provided by the above methods. The method includes: distributing quantum entanglement through interaction with a second terminal device, wherein the data packet of the interaction includes first verification information, second verification information, and multiple quantum blocks, wherein the first verification information is used to verify whether the distributed quantum entanglement is associated, and the second verification information is used to verify whether the data of the multiple quantum blocks is complete; and, upon completion of the quantum entanglement distribution, releasing the resources corresponding to the quantum entanglement distribution.

[0121] The aforementioned computer-readable storage medium may be any combination of one or more computer-readable media. A computer-readable medium may be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium. A computer-readable storage medium may be, for example,—but not limited to—an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media (a non-exhaustive list) include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) or flash memory, optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof. In this document, a computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program that can be used by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0122] Computer-readable signal media may include data signals propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, carrying computer-readable program code. Such propagated data signals may take various forms, including—but not limited to—electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. Computer-readable signal media may also be any computer-readable medium other than computer-readable storage media, capable of transmitting, propagating, or transmitting programs for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0123] Program code contained on a computer-readable medium may be transmitted using any suitable medium, including—but not limited to—wireless, wire, optical fiber, radio frequency (RF), etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0124] Computer program code for performing the operations described herein can be written in one or more programming languages ​​or a combination thereof, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java, Smalltalk, and C++, as well as conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as "C" or similar languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving remote computers, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer via any type of network—including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or it can be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0125] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0126] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0127] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quantum entanglement distribution method, characterized in that, Applied to the first terminal device, including: Quantum entanglement is distributed by interacting with a second terminal device. The data packet of the interaction includes first verification information, second verification information and multiple quantum blocks. The first verification information is used to verify whether the distributed quantum entanglement is associated, and the second verification information is used to verify whether the data of the multiple quantum blocks is complete. Once the quantum entanglement distribution is complete, release the resources corresponding to the quantum entanglement distribution; The data packet for the interaction includes a message header and quantum information. The message header includes routing information, which includes relay node information required for the distribution of quantum entanglement. The quantum information includes the first verification information, the second verification information, and the plurality of quantum blocks.

2. The quantum entanglement distribution method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distribution of quantum entanglement through interaction with a second terminal device includes: Establish an association with the second terminal device, wherein the association is established using a four-way handshake mechanism; The quantum entanglement distribution is performed using multiple data streams.

3. The quantum entanglement distribution method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process of establishing an association with the second terminal device includes: An initialization data packet is obtained and sent to the second terminal device according to routing information. The routing information is stored in the initialization data packet and is determined based on the entanglement distribution between the first terminal device and the second terminal device. Receive the initialization confirmation data packet sent by the second terminal device, and send an association verification data packet to the second terminal device; Receive the association confirmation data packet sent by the second terminal device and establish an association with the second terminal device.

4. The quantum entanglement distribution method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The routing information includes relay node information required for the quantum entanglement distribution, and the relay node information is placed in the message header of the initialization data packet. Sending the data to the second terminal device according to the routing information includes: During the process of sending the initialization data packet to the second terminal device, the relay node corresponding to the relay node information reads the message header information of the initialization data packet and relays the quantum state.

5. The quantum entanglement distribution method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The initialization data packet includes quantum information. The relay node corresponding to the relay node information reads the message header information of the initialization data packet and relays the quantum state, including: The target relay node receives and demultiplexes the initial data packet to obtain the target message header and target quantum information. The target relay node is any one of the relay nodes corresponding to the relay node information. Determine whether the destination is the target relay node based on the routing information in the target message header; If the destination is the target relay node, then the target quantum information is guided to the quantum detector via an optical switch; If the destination is not the target relay node, the target quantum information is guided into the relay via the optical switch.

6. The quantum entanglement distribution method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The associated verification data packet includes a state verification quantum block. The quantum block includes target verification information, a target storage unit, and a target capacity. The target verification information is the associated verification information obtained from the initialization confirmation data packet. The target storage unit and target capacity are quantum storage units and quantum storage capacities reserved for establishing the quantum entanglement.

7. The quantum entanglement distribution method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The distribution of quantum entanglement using multiple data streams includes: Entangled photons to be distributed are encapsulated in the form of quantum blocks in a distribution data packet to obtain multiple distribution data packets; Multiple data streams are transmitted using multiple cores of a multi-core optical fiber, and the multiple data streams include the multiple data packets to be distributed.

8. The quantum entanglement distribution method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The quantum state of the target data stream among the multiple data streams is loaded into the message header of the data packet to be distributed in the target data stream through time-division multiplexing. The target data stream is any one of the multiple data streams.

9. The quantum entanglement distribution method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The header of the data packet to be distributed includes a target stream number, which indicates the number of multiple data streams. The target stream number is negotiated and determined during the process of establishing an association with the second terminal device.

10. The quantum entanglement distribution method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Prior to establishing the association with the second terminal device, the method further includes: A correlation establishment signal is generated using a classical light source and weakly coherent pulses. The correlation establishment signal includes the classical information required to establish the correlation and the quantum state required in the four-way handshake process. The process of establishing an association with the second terminal device includes: The association establishment signal is multiplexed using a time-division multiplexer to establish an association with the second terminal device.

11. The quantum entanglement distribution method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of releasing the resources corresponding to the quantum entanglement distribution after the quantum entanglement distribution is completed includes: Send a shutdown data packet to the second terminal device, the shutdown data packet including notification information that entanglement distribution has ended; Upon receiving the shutdown confirmation data packet sent by the second terminal device, a shutdown end data packet is sent to the second terminal device, and the device enters the shutdown state.

12. A quantum entanglement distribution device, characterized in that, Applied to the first terminal device, including: An entanglement distribution module is used to distribute quantum entanglement through interaction with a second terminal device. The data packet of the interaction includes first verification information, second verification information, and multiple quantum blocks. The first verification information is used to verify whether the distributed quantum entanglement is associated, and the second verification information is used to verify whether the data of the multiple quantum blocks is complete. The data packet of the interaction includes a message header and quantum information. The message header includes routing information, and the routing information includes relay node information required for the quantum entanglement distribution. The quantum information includes the first verification information, the second verification information, and the multiple quantum blocks. The resource release module is used to release the resources corresponding to the quantum entanglement distribution when the quantum entanglement distribution is completed.

13. A terminal device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the quantum entanglement distribution method as described in any one of claims 1 to 11.

14. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the quantum entanglement distribution method as described in any one of claims 1 to 11.

15. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the quantum entanglement distribution method as described in any one of claims 1 to 11.

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