Intelligent hole-making tool and intelligent hole-making method

Abstract

The application discloses an intelligent hole-making tool and an intelligent drilling method, which comprise a main shaft arranged in a shell, a first gear, a second gear and two locating bearings are distributed on the outer periphery of the main shaft, the first gear is slidably connected with the main shaft through a pin key, the second gear is threadedly connected with the main shaft, the first gear and the second gear are connected with the two locating bearings through a connecting barrel respectively, the first gear is connected with a first driving mechanism for driving the rotation of the first gear, the second gear is connected with a second driving mechanism for driving the rotation of the second gear, the main shaft is connected with a drill bit through a clamping sleeve mechanism, and the first driving mechanism is provided with a pressure sensor. Compared with the prior art, the first gear, the second gear and the main shaft are matched with each other to complete the rotation and feeding actions of the drill bit, the first gear and the second gear are axially positioned through the locating bearings and the connecting barrel, the structure at the main shaft is simple and compact, the hole-making tool is miniaturized, and the hole-making tool is convenient to move in the drilling process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of composite material drilling technology, and in particular to an intelligent hole-making tool and an intelligent drilling method. Background Technology

[0002] Due to their low specific strength and excellent corrosion resistance, titanium alloys have a variety of applications in the chemical, medical, automotive, and aerospace industries. In aerospace structures, titanium alloys are often stacked with carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) to construct multi-material composite components with superior physical and chemical properties such as high stiffness, high strength-to-weight ratio, low density, and good damping capacity. The connection between composite laminates and titanium plates is usually achieved through mechanical fastening, which requires drilling numerous holes in the aircraft structure. Current drilling tools mostly operate based on preset drilling parameters and lack adaptability to diverse environments. Titanium alloys are characterized by low thermal conductivity, high high-temperature chemical reactivity, high thermal strength, and high hardness, making them one of the most difficult alloys to machine. Because cutting tools reach high temperatures, titanium alloys are prone to forming large burrs and accumulated edges, which in turn leads to rapid tool wear. Moreover, tools experience significant wear at high temperatures. Since tool wear affects the surface roughness of the drilled hole, if the drill bit continues to drill using preset parameters without adjustment, the drilling quality is difficult to guarantee. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides an intelligent hole-making tool and an intelligent drilling method to solve the problem that current drilling tools, when using preset drilling parameters, cannot guarantee drilling quality.

[0004] This invention provides an intelligent drilling tool, comprising a spindle disposed within a housing. A first gear, a second gear, and two positioning bearings are distributed on the outer periphery of the spindle. The first gear is slidably connected to the spindle via a key, and the second gear is threadedly connected to the spindle. The first gear and the second gear are respectively connected to the two positioning bearings via connecting sleeves. A first drive mechanism is connected to the first gear to drive its rotation, and a second drive mechanism is connected to the second gear to drive its rotation. The spindle is connected to a drill bit via a clamping mechanism, and the first drive mechanism is equipped with a pressure sensor.

[0005] Preferably, the first drive mechanism includes: a first bevel gear, a first bevel spur gear, and a first motor. The first bevel gear meshes with the bevel gear on the first bevel spur gear, the spur gear on the first bevel spur gear meshes with the first gear, the output shaft of the first motor is fixed to the first bevel gear, and the first bevel spur gear is rotatably disposed within the housing.

[0006] Preferably, the second drive mechanism includes: a second bevel gear, a second bevel spur gear, and a second motor. The second bevel gear meshes with the bevel gear on the second bevel spur gear, the spur gear on the second bevel spur gear meshes with the second gear, the output shaft of the second motor is fixed to the second bevel gear, and the second bevel spur gear is rotatably disposed within the housing.

[0007] Preferably, an axle is fixed inside the housing, and both the first bevel spur gear and the second bevel spur gear are rotatably mounted on the axle.

[0008] Preferably, the first gear and the second gear on the main shaft are arranged side by side, and the spur gears of the first bevel spur gear and the second bevel spur gear on the wheel axle are arranged side by side.

[0009] The present invention also provides an intelligent drilling method, including a drilling tool equipped with a pressure sensor, and further including the following steps:

[0010] S1: Store drilling parameters corresponding to different wear levels of the drill bit within the system; obtain the drilling force f1 after the unworn drill bit drills into the first material through a pressure sensor, and obtain the drilling force F1 after the unworn drill bit drills into the second material through a pressure sensor;

[0011] S2: The drill bit drills into the composite material. The drilling force f2 of the first material into the composite material is obtained through a pressure sensor, and the drilling force F2 of the second material into the composite material is also obtained through a pressure sensor. The wear degree M of the drill bit is obtained through the following formula:

[0012]

[0013] M=ɑM1+(1-ɑ)M2 (3)

[0014] In the formula, M1 and M2 are the wear percentages, α is the composite material coefficient factor, and M is the tool wear characterization value. The smaller the M value, the greater the tool wear.

[0015] S3: During the drilling process, the system adaptively adjusts the drilling parameters of the drill bit based on the wear level of the drill bit obtained in step S2.

[0016] Preferably, the first material of the composite material is a CFRP plate, the second material of the composite material is a titanium alloy plate, and the value range of α in step S2 is: 0 < α < 0.5.

[0017] Preferably, in step S2, when the obtained drill bit friction degree is M 换 When the value is reached, the drill bit of the drilling tool needs to be replaced, and then steps S2 and S3 should be performed; the M 换 The value is obtained in the following ways:

[0018] When the tool wear is significant and the set drilling quality requirements cannot be met, the drilling force obtained from the last drilling process is substituted into formulas (1)-(3) for calculation to obtain M. 换 value.

[0019] Preferably, step S2 further includes the following steps:

[0020] Step S21: Obtain the drilling force in real time from the pressure sensor, and then obtain the degree of drill bit wear in real time through formulas (1)-(3) and feed it back to the system;

[0021] Step S22: When the fluctuation range of the drill bit wear reaches the predetermined value, the system will adjust the drilling parameters of the drill bit according to the degree of drill bit wear.

[0022] Preferably, in step S2, when the drill bit starts drilling the composite material, the drilling parameters are set based on experience, and the motor is controlled to output the initial drilling parameters.

[0023] Compared with existing technologies, in this invention, the first gear, the second gear, and the spindle work together to complete the drill bit rotation and feed. The first and second gears are axially positioned by a positioning bearing and a connecting sleeve. The spindle structure is simple and compact, facilitating the miniaturization of the drilling tool and making it easy to move during drilling. Secondly, the side-by-side arrangement of the first and second drive mechanisms makes more efficient use of the space within the housing. Thirdly, this invention uses a pressure sensor to detect the drilling force of the drill bit in real time during drilling, and then uses a formula to monitor the wear level of the drill bit in real time. This allows for the selection of corresponding drilling parameters according to different wear levels, improving drilling efficiency and tool life, ensuring drilling quality, and realizing intelligent adaptive drilling of CFRP / titanium alloy laminated materials. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 An enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0027] Figure label:

[0028] 1. Housing, 2. Main shaft, 3. First gear, 4. Second gear, 5. Positioning bearing, 6. Connecting cylinder, 7. First drive mechanism, 8. Second drive mechanism, 9. Jacket mechanism, 21. Cooling hole, 71. First bevel gear, 72. First bevel spur gear, 73. First motor, 74. First reducer, 75. Coupling, 81. Second bevel gear, 82. Second bevel spur gear, 83. Second motor, 100. Pressure sensor, 200. Axle, 300. Support plate. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0030] See attached document Figure 1 This embodiment provides an intelligent drilling tool, including a spindle 2 housed within a housing 1. A first gear 3, a second gear 4, and two positioning bearings 5 ​​are distributed on the outer periphery of the spindle 2. The first gear 3 is slidably connected to the spindle 2 via a key, allowing the spindle 2 to move freely along its axial direction when the first gear 3 drives it to rotate. The second gear 4 is threadedly connected to the spindle 2. The first gear 3 and the second gear 4 are respectively connected to the two positioning bearings 5 ​​via connecting sleeves 6. A first drive mechanism 7 is connected to the first gear 3 to drive its rotation, and a second drive mechanism 8 is connected to the second gear 4 to drive its rotation. The spindle 2 is connected to a drill bit via a clamping mechanism 9. The first drive mechanism 7 is equipped with a pressure sensor 100, which detects the drilling force of the drill bit. The first drive mechanism 7 drives the first gear 3 to rotate, thereby rotating the spindle 2 and realizing the function of drill bit rotation. The second drive mechanism 8 drives the second gear 4 to rotate, thereby moving the spindle 2 along its length and realizing the function of drill bit feed. In this invention, the first gear 3, the second gear 4, and the main shaft 2 cooperate to complete the rotation and feed of the drill bit. The first gear 3 and the second gear 4 are axially positioned by the positioning bearing 5 and the connecting sleeve 6. The structure at the main shaft 2 is simple and compact, which facilitates the miniaturization of the drilling tool and makes it easy to move during the drilling process. Secondly, the side-by-side arrangement of the first drive mechanism 7 and the second drive mechanism 8 can make more rational use of the space inside the housing 1.

[0031] One implementation of the first drive mechanism 7: Refer to the appendix Figure 2The first drive mechanism 7 includes a first bevel gear 71, a first bevel spur gear 72, and a first motor 73. The first bevel spur gear 72 includes a bevel gear and a spur gear fixed to the bevel gear. The first bevel gear 71 meshes with the bevel gear on the first bevel spur gear 72, and the spur gear on the first bevel spur gear 72 meshes with the first gear 3. The output shaft of the first motor 73 is fixed to the first bevel gear 71. The first bevel spur gear 72 and the first bevel gear 71 are rotatably mounted inside the housing 1. The structural design of the bevel gear allows the first motor 73 to be vertically distributed, avoiding the accumulation of parts at the main shaft 2. Furthermore, the design of the first bevel spur gear 72 also makes the overall structure more compact.

[0032] One embodiment of the second drive mechanism 8: The second drive mechanism 8 includes a second bevel gear 81, a second bevel spur gear 82, and a second motor 83. The second bevel gear 81 meshes with the bevel gear on the second bevel spur gear 82, and the spur gear on the second bevel spur gear 82 meshes with the second gear 4. The output shaft of the second motor 83 is fixed to the second bevel gear 81. The second bevel spur gear 82 is rotatably mounted inside the housing 1. The bevel gear structure design allows the second motor 83 to be vertically distributed, avoiding the accumulation of parts at the main shaft 2. Furthermore, the design of the second bevel spur gear 82 also makes the overall structure more compact.

[0033] In another embodiment of the present invention: a wheel axle 200 is fixed inside the housing 1, and the first bevel spur gear 72 and the second bevel spur gear 82 are both rotatably mounted on the wheel axle 200. This structural design makes the hole-making tool compact and facilitates the miniaturization of the tool.

[0034] In another embodiment of the present invention, the first gear 3 and the second gear 4 on the main shaft 2 are arranged side by side, and the spur gears of the first bevel spur gear 72 and the second bevel spur gear 82 on the wheel axle 200 are arranged side by side. This structural design makes the hole-making tool compact and facilitates the miniaturization of the tool.

[0035] In another embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment further includes a support plate 300 fixed inside the housing 1, and the first bevel gear 71 and the second bevel gear 81 are both rotatably mounted on the support plate 300. This structural design makes the hole-making tool compact and facilitates miniaturization of the tool.

[0036] In another embodiment of the present invention, the first drive mechanism 7 further includes a first reducer 74 and a coupling 75. A pressure sensor 100 is disposed between the first reducer 74 and the coupling 75. The first reducer 74 is connected to the output shaft of the first motor 73, and the coupling 75 is connected to the first bevel gear 71. The structure of the second drive mechanism 8 is basically the same as that of the first drive mechanism 7, except that the second drive mechanism 8 does not have a pressure sensor 100.

[0037] In another embodiment of the present invention, the spindle 2 is provided with cooling holes 21 to dissipate heat from the spindle 2, meeting the requirements for high-speed rotation and long-term operation. The present invention uses a bevel gear to position the drive mechanism on one side of the spindle 2, thus facilitating the installation of a cooling mechanism, such as a rotary joint or cooling pipe, at the end of the spindle 2 furthest from the drill bit. The overall arrangement is reasonable, enabling the drilling tool to operate efficiently.

[0038] This invention adopts a coaxial structure design of feed and spindle 2, which reduces the additional torque in the drilling process. The structure is simple and compact, which reduces the weight of the tool and facilitates the miniaturization of the tool, making it convenient to use in the drilling process.

[0039] The present invention also provides an intelligent drilling method, including a drilling tool equipped with a pressure sensor 100, the pressure sensor 100 being used to detect the drilling force of the drill bit, for example, the drilling tool being the aforementioned intelligent drilling tool, and further including the following steps:

[0040] S1: Store drilling parameters corresponding to different wear levels of the drill bit within the system. For example, save the drill bit wear levels and corresponding drilling parameters in a parameter adjustment table for later retrieval during drilling. The drilling force f1 after an unworn drill bit drills into the first material is obtained via pressure sensor 100, and the drilling force F1 after an unworn drill bit drills into the second material is also obtained via pressure sensor 100. In this embodiment, the unworn drill bit is a new drill bit; the first material and the second material are two materials in a composite material.

[0041] S2: The drill bit drills into the composite material. During drilling, the pressure sensor 100 detects the change in drilling force. Specifically, the pressure sensor 100 obtains the drilling force f2 of the first material of the composite material and the drilling force F2 of the second material of the composite material. The wear degree M of the drill bit is obtained by the following formula:

[0042]

[0043] M=ɑM1+(1-ɑ)M2 (3)

[0044] In the formula, M1 and M2 are both wear percentages, α is the composite material coefficient factor, and M is the tool wear characterization value. For the same composite material, the smaller the M value, the greater the tool wear.

[0045] This step allows the pressure sensor 100 to monitor changes in drilling force, thereby measuring the wear of the drill bit. The system then adjusts the drilling parameters of the drill bit in real time based on the wear level and the parameter adjustment table, ensuring that the drilling quality remains at its optimal level.

[0046] The value of α is selected based on practical engineering application experience. It is related to factors such as drilling material, material drilling thickness, drill bit type, and drilling environment. In this embodiment, the composite material is CFRP / titanium alloy, the first material of the composite material is CFRP plate, the second material of the composite material is titanium alloy plate, and the value range of α is: 0 < α < 0.5.

[0047] S3: During the drilling process, the system adaptively adjusts the drilling parameters of the drill bit based on the wear level of the drill bit obtained in step S2. Specifically, after indirectly obtaining the wear level of the drill bit through the pressure sensor 100, the system adjusts the drilling parameters of the drill bit in real time with reference to the parameter adjustment table to maintain the optimal hole quality.

[0048] In step S2, when the drill bit starts drilling the composite material, the drilling parameters are set based on experience, and the motor is controlled to output the initial drilling parameters. Alternatively, drilling parameter data when the drill bit is not worn can be added to the parameter adjustment table, and then the system automatically controls the drill bit to drill according to the parameter adjustment table.

[0049] In step S2, when the obtained drill bit friction degree is M 换 When the value is reached, the drill bit of the drilling tool needs to be replaced before proceeding to steps S2 and S3. 换 The value is obtained in the following way: During the process of obtaining drilling parameters under different wear levels of the drill bit and storing them in the system, the drill bit will perform drilling tests with different drilling parameters under different wear levels, and record the test results (drill hole wall roughness value). When the tool wear is large and cannot meet the set drilling quality requirements, the drilling force obtained in the last drilling process is substituted into formula (1)-(3) for calculation to obtain M. 换 This design allows the system to automatically determine whether a tool needs to be replaced, improving drilling efficiency; secondly, it ensures drilling quality while making full use of the tool's lifespan.

[0050] In step S2, before drilling the composite material, the following steps are also included:

[0051] (1) Select a drill bit of appropriate diameter according to the hole diameter requirements and select a corresponding drill template. The drill template can fix the tool, accurately position it, and ensure the concentricity of the hole. The drill bit passes through the expansion sleeve, and the device is fixed to the drill template through the expansion sleeve.

[0052] (2) Use a drilling template to fix the hole-making tool onto the composite material to be drilled.

[0053] (3) The feed section is started to perform tool setting. During tool setting, an infrared sensor detects the distance between the drill bit and the working face to achieve rapid tool setting.

[0054] Step S2 further includes the following steps:

[0055] Step S21: Obtain the drilling force in real time from the pressure sensor 100, and then obtain the degree of drill bit wear in real time through formulas (1)-(3) and feed it back to the system;

[0056] Step S22: The system will only adjust the drilling parameters of the drill bit based on its wear level when the fluctuation range of the drill bit wear reaches a predetermined value. If the fluctuation range of the drill bit wear does not reach the predetermined value, the system will not adjust the drilling parameters. For example, when the drill bit wear value M decreases from a1 to a2, and the fluctuation range of the drill bit wear reaches the predetermined value, the system will adjust the drilling parameters based on the value a2. However, the system will not adjust the drilling parameters during the process of a1 decreasing to a2. This structural design ensures hole quality while avoiding frequent adjustments to the drilling parameters, thus improving the service life of the drilling tools.

[0057] This invention uses a pressure sensor 100 to detect the drilling force of the drill bit in real time during the drilling process, and then uses a formula to monitor the wear degree of the drill bit in real time. This allows for the selection of corresponding drilling parameters according to different wear degrees of the drill bit, thereby improving drilling efficiency and tool life, ensuring drilling quality, and realizing intelligent adaptive drilling function for CFRP / titanium alloy laminated materials.

[0058] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart drilling method, characterized in that, The drilling tool, which includes a pressure sensor, also includes the following steps: S1: Store drilling parameters corresponding to different wear levels of the drill bit within the system; obtain the drilling force f1 after the unworn drill bit drills into the first material through a pressure sensor, and obtain the drilling force F1 after the unworn drill bit drills into the second material through a pressure sensor; S2: The drill bit drills into the composite material. The drilling force f2 of the first material into the composite material is obtained through a pressure sensor, and the drilling force F2 of the second material into the composite material is also obtained through a pressure sensor. The wear degree M of the drill bit is obtained through the following formula: （1） （2） M ɑ M1 +(1-ɑ)M2 (3) In the formula, M1 and M2 are both wear percentages, α is the composite material coefficient factor, and M is the tool wear characterization value. The smaller the M value, the greater the tool wear. S3: During the drilling process, the system adaptively adjusts the drilling parameters of the drill bit based on the wear level of the drill bit obtained in step S2.

2. The intelligent drilling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first material of the composite material is a CFRP plate, the second material of the composite material is a titanium alloy plate, and the value range of α in step S2 is: 0 < α < 0.

5.

3. The intelligent drilling method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S2, when the obtained drill bit friction degree is M 换 When the value is reached, the drill bit of the drilling tool needs to be replaced, and then steps S2 and S3 should be performed; the M 换 The value is obtained in the following ways: When the tool wear is significant and the set drilling quality requirements cannot be met, the drilling force obtained from the last drilling process is substituted into formulas (1)-(3) for calculation to obtain M. 换 value.

4. The intelligent drilling method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S2 further includes the following steps: Step S21: Obtain the drilling force in real time from the pressure sensor, and then obtain the degree of drill bit wear in real time through formulas (1)-(3) and feed it back to the system; Step S22: When the fluctuation range of the drill bit wear reaches the predetermined value, the system will adjust the drilling parameters of the drill bit according to the degree of drill bit wear.

5. The intelligent drilling method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S2, when the drill bit starts drilling the composite material, the drilling parameters are set based on experience, and the motor is controlled to output the initial drilling parameters.

6. The intelligent drilling method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The device includes a main shaft housed within a housing. A first gear, a second gear, and two positioning bearings are distributed on the outer periphery of the main shaft. The first gear is slidably connected to the main shaft via a key, and the second gear is threadedly connected to the main shaft. The first gear and the second gear are respectively connected to the two positioning bearings via connecting sleeves. A first drive mechanism is connected to the first gear to drive its rotation, and a second drive mechanism is connected to the second gear to drive its rotation. The main shaft is connected to the drill bit via a clamping mechanism, and the first drive mechanism is equipped with a pressure sensor.

7. The intelligent drilling method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first drive mechanism includes: a first bevel gear, a first bevel spur gear, and a first motor. The first bevel gear meshes with the bevel gear on the first bevel spur gear, the spur gear on the first bevel spur gear meshes with the first gear, the output shaft of the first motor is fixed to the first bevel gear, and the first bevel spur gear is rotatably disposed within the housing.

8. The intelligent drilling method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second drive mechanism includes: a second bevel gear, a second bevel spur gear, and a second motor. The second bevel gear meshes with the bevel gear on the second bevel spur gear, and the spur gear on the second bevel spur gear meshes with the second gear. The output shaft of the second motor is fixed to the second bevel gear, and the second bevel spur gear is rotatably disposed within the housing.

9. The intelligent drilling method according to claim 8, characterized in that, A wheel axle is fixed inside the housing, and both the first bevel spur gear and the second bevel spur gear are rotatably mounted on the wheel axle.

10. The intelligent drilling method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The first gear and the second gear on the main shaft are arranged side by side, and the spur gear of the first bevel spur gear and the spur gear of the second bevel spur gear on the wheel axle are arranged side by side.

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