Based on the different ecological habits of fish habitat structure and habitat creation method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of ecological protection of water conservancy and hydropower, and particularly relates to a habitat structure based on different ecological habits of fish and a habitat construction method, the habitat structure comprising a base and a base body arranged on the base; the base body comprising a vertical plate and a cover top plate, the cover top plate being bent from the upper end of the vertical plate towards the downstream direction; side plates being arranged at both ends of the base body; the vertical plate, the cover top plate and the two side plates jointly forming a fish habitat chamber with an open downstream end; a lower baffle and an upper baffle being arranged in the fish habitat chamber to divide the fish habitat chamber into an embryo fry layer, a juvenile fish larva layer and a water level fluctuation layer from bottom to top; a groove plate being arranged in the embryo fry layer; a plurality of grooves being arranged on the groove plate, and a substrate being filled in the bottom of each groove; a plurality of plant lattice tables being arranged on the top surface of the groove plate; a square plant table being arranged on the top surface of the lower baffle, and aquatic plants being planted in the plant lattice tables and the square plant table.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy and hydropower ecological protection technology, and in particular to a habitat structure and habitat creation method based on different ecological habits of fish. Background Technology

[0002] Hydropower development is one of the main anthropogenic factors leading to the decline of fish resources and biodiversity crisis in main streams and tributaries. It has adversely affected the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of fish resources in multiple ways, including barrier effects, habitat fragmentation, and changes in runoff patterns. After the impoundment and operation of cascade reservoirs, the original natural river sections are fragmented into a "river-reservoir (dam)-river" pattern, disrupting river continuity and transforming the reservoir area from a river-type habitat to a lake-type habitat. Furthermore, the hydrological conditions downstream of the dam, including runoff, water level, flow velocity, water quality, sediment, and temperature, all undergo varying degrees of change. These changes significantly impact many aspects of fish faunal composition, resource abundance, genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, and life history strategies. The impact of cascade reservoir operation on hydrological conditions is mainly reflected in the formation of slow-flowing habitats caused by backflow in the reservoir area and the alteration of hydrological rhythms downstream of the dam. Due to the backflow caused by the reservoir's water storage, the original natural flowing water habitat in the reservoir area has been transformed into a complex habitat with flowing water, slow-flowing water, and still water zones arranged in a tiered manner. Furthermore, the original "three habitats" of the fish species have all been destroyed, resulting in the fish community structure of each tiered reservoir exhibiting a gradient distribution from upstream to downstream. Many fish species adapted to flowing water habitats have been forced to migrate to the tail end of the reservoir and the river sections of tributaries with a certain flow velocity.

[0003] Furthermore, habitat alteration caused by hydropower development is increasingly influencing human activities (such as canalization, dredging, damming, and land-use changes). Especially under the current multi-energy development context, the unstable discharge flow of existing or current hydropower plants leads to unstable water levels in downstream river sections or tributaries, resulting in numerous sections with reduced water flow and backwater. Habitat alteration often leads to changes and degradation of river conditions, habitat fragmentation, and the decline of aquatic biodiversity. Anthropogenic habitat alteration, coupled with changes in river temperature and flow, may lead to a continuous decline in aquatic biota. Rivers naturally provide habitats for microorganisms, aquatic plants, and fish, and generally possess self-purification capabilities. However, due to indiscriminate development, siltation, and hydrological changes, the microorganisms and aquatic plants inhabiting rivers are disappearing, and the habitats for fish are deteriorating accordingly, with a gradually intensifying trend of desolation. In addition, in natural rivers, the disappearance of aquatic plants can also lead to insufficient oxygen supply, making it difficult for microorganisms or fish to survive.

[0004] Furthermore, habitat alteration caused by hydropower development is increasingly influencing human activities (such as canalization, dredging, damming, and land-use changes). Especially under the current multi-energy development context, the unstable discharge flow of existing or current hydropower plants leads to unstable water levels in downstream river sections or tributaries, resulting in numerous sections with reduced water flow and backwater. Habitat alteration often leads to changes and degradation of river conditions, habitat fragmentation, and the decline of aquatic biodiversity. Anthropogenic habitat alteration, coupled with changes in river temperature and flow, may lead to a continuous decline in aquatic biota. Rivers naturally provide habitats for microorganisms, aquatic plants, and fish, and generally possess self-purification capabilities. However, due to indiscriminate development, siltation, and hydrological changes, the microorganisms and aquatic plants inhabiting rivers are disappearing, and the habitats for fish are deteriorating accordingly, with a gradually intensifying trend of desolation. In addition, in natural rivers, the disappearance of aquatic plants can also lead to insufficient oxygen supply, making it difficult for microorganisms or fish to survive.

[0005] Various structures and habitat adaptation methods have been developed to help improve fish habitats. For example, patent CN212533945U discloses a riverbank fish habitat structure that creates a suitable fish habitat by constructing a permeable weir, improving the bottom sediment of the sand mining area, and setting up a sand-removing submerged dike on one side of the river center, based on an existing abandoned sand mining site. Another example is patent application CN116739206A, which discloses a method for assessing fish habitat suitability based on river topographic factors. This method uses acoustic surveys to obtain fish density, spatial distribution, and topographic factors in the study area to identify fish hotspot distribution areas, and then uses the topographic factors of these fish hotspot distribution areas to establish a habitat suitability model.

[0006] Current research mainly focuses on methods such as creating artificial shoals using pebbles or gravel in shallow water areas, constructing dams in rivers to utilize the drop in elevation, and using stone mesh or mechanical equipment for oxygenation. However, artificial shoals using pebbles or gravel are frequently washed away during heavy rains or the rainy season, and mechanical oxygenation methods are costly. Furthermore, the limited space available presents challenges in maintaining these artificial shoals. In addition, the indiscriminate harvesting of river sand and gravel for construction purposes has led to the disappearance of habitats for fish that spawn on gravel or sandy bottoms, threatening their extinction. These issues also require remedial measures. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The main objective of this invention is to propose a habitat structure and habitat creation method based on different ecological habits of fish, aiming to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, on the one hand, this invention proposes a habitat structure based on different ecological habits of fish, including a base and a substrate disposed on the base; the substrate includes a vertical plate and a top plate, the top plate being formed by bending the upper end of the vertical plate towards the downstream direction; side plates are respectively disposed at both ends of the substrate; the vertical plate, the top plate, and the two side plates together form an open fish habitat chamber at the downstream end; a lower partition and an upper partition are disposed within the fish habitat chamber, dividing the fish habitat chamber from bottom to top into an embryonic larvae layer and a juvenile fish layer. The system includes a water level fluctuation layer; a low-level water inlet, a medium-level water inlet, and a high-level water inlet are provided on the vertical plate to guide water from the upstream side of the substrate to the embryo larvae layer, the juvenile fish layer, and the water level fluctuation layer, respectively; a trough plate is provided in the embryo larvae layer and is installed on the top surface of the base; multiple grooves are provided on the trough plate, and the bottom of each groove is filled with substrate; multiple plant troughs are provided on the top surface of the trough plate; and a square plant platform is provided on the top surface of the lower partition plate, with aquatic plants planted in both the plant trough and the square plant platform.

[0009] Preferably, the lower partition is composed of multiple individual panels spliced ​​together sequentially, with an L-shaped partition between two adjacent individual panels. The lower end of the L-shaped partition extends downward and abuts against the top surface of the trough plate. The L-shaped partition divides the embryonic larvae layer into multiple compartments and the juvenile fish layer into multiple compartments. Adjacent compartments of the juvenile fish layer are connected by a notch in the L-shaped partition. Multiple L-shaped partitions are also provided in the water level fluctuation layer, dividing the water level fluctuation layer into multiple compartments. Adjacent compartments of the water level fluctuation layer are connected by a notch in the L-shaped partition.

[0010] Preferably, the number of grooves on the trough plate is the same as the number of compartments formed on the embryonic larvae layer, and each compartment of the embryonic larvae layer is provided with a corresponding groove; two plant troughs are provided in each compartment of the embryonic larvae layer, and the two plant troughs are respectively embedded on both sides of the groove opening; a square plant trough is embedded on the top of each single plate.

[0011] Preferably, each compartment of the embryonic larvae layer is provided with a low-water-level inlet; each compartment of the juvenile fish layer is provided with a medium-water-level inlet; each compartment of the water level fluctuation layer is provided with a high-water-level inlet; and the angles of the low-water-level inlet, medium-water-level inlet, and high-water-level inlet are inclined upward along the downstream direction.

[0012] Preferably, the downstream end of the single plate is bent downward to form an energy-reducing block, which is used to weaken the water energy in the cell of the embryonic larvae layer.

[0013] Preferably, a pair of bottom backfill platforms and a pair of permeable grid slide rails are provided on the side wall of the groove; the permeable grid slide rails are spaced apart above the bottom backfill platforms; the bottom material is filled to be flush with the bottom surface of the bottom backfill platform; permeable grids are inserted into the grooves of the two permeable grid slide rails, and multiple permeable holes are evenly distributed on the permeable grids.

[0014] Preferably, an external sand-cleaning platform is provided at the downstream end of the upper partition, and sand-blocking walls are provided at the downstream edge and both ends of the external sand-cleaning platform; sand-cleaning outlet gates are provided at both ends of the external sand-cleaning platform; the upper partition is inclined downward along the downstream direction; the top surface of the external sand-cleaning platform is a sloping structure that is high in the middle and inclined downward towards the sand-cleaning outlet gates at both ends.

[0015] Preferably, a sand-draining channel is provided on the top surface of the base, the sand-draining channel is provided around the upstream side of the base and at both ends; the top surface of the sand-draining channel is not higher than the low water level inlet; a sand-diverting slope is provided at the upstream end of the base; a sand-draining trough is formed at the intersection of the sand-draining channel and the base.

[0016] Preferably, a habitat box is suspended in the juvenile fish layer and the water level fluctuation layer; the habitat box has an internal hollow structure; and the side wall of the habitat box is provided with a fish passage hole that allows water and fish to pass through.

[0017] On the other hand, the present invention also proposes a habitat creation method based on different ecological habits of fish, which adopts the above-mentioned habitat structure and includes the following steps:

[0018] S1. Site selection for habitat placement area: Select shallow pools upstream and downstream of the dam, close to the shore and located below the lowest water level, as the placement area for habitat.

[0019] S2. Place the entire habitat structure in the placement area selected in step S1. When placing the structure, the open end of the fish habitat chamber of the habitat structure should face downstream.

[0020] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] (1) By employing the habitat structure provided by this invention, the entire habitat structure is placed in shallow pools upstream and downstream of a dam, near the shore and below the lowest water level. The grooves in the troughs of the embryonic larvae layer are filled with substrate for fish spawning and hatching. Simultaneously, aquatic plants planted in the plant stands of the embryonic larvae layer provide a food source for the fish there. Square plant stands are also provided in the juvenile fish layer, where aquatic plants provide food for the fish in that layer. By setting different geological formations in the grooves according to the different growth stages of the fish, and by placing different aquatic plants in the square plant stands and plant stands, the needs of the fish at different growth stages can be met.

[0022] (2) By adopting the habitat structure provided by the present invention, the structure is simple, the cost of use is low, and there is no need to collect sand and gravel from the river as construction materials, which effectively overcomes the problems existing in the prior art.

[0023] (3) This invention constructs a fish habitat structure with multiple substrate types adapted to multiple target fish species, providing a variety of habitat options for fish compared to the traditional single-layer flat habitat. Furthermore, this invention takes into account the habitat selection of fish at different growth stages, providing adaptive habitat conditions for them from the embryonic stage, larval stage, juvenile stage, and young fish stage.

[0024] (4) Many of the structures in this invention are prefabricated structures. When organizing construction and installation, the installation can be completed on land first, and then the fish habitat structure of this invention can be installed in a designated position in the river by hoisting machinery and equipment, thus avoiding the amount of underwater construction work. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the habitat structure provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a partial schematic diagram of the habitat structure provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 A partial structural schematic diagram of the habitat structure provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the square plant platform in this invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the permeable bar structure in this invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the plant trellis structure in this invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the external sand-cleaning platform in this invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the upper partition, the high-water-level inlet, and the external sand-cleaning platform in this invention;

[0034] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the water-facing side mechanism of the habitat structure provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the inclined structure of the low-water-level inlet, the medium-water-level inlet, and the high-water-level inlet in this invention;

[0036] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the habitat structure provided by the present invention after the habitat box is suspended.

[0037] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the interconnected habitat boxes in this invention;

[0038] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the habitat box in this invention;

[0039] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram showing the habitat structure provided by the present invention placed upstream and downstream of a dam.

[0040] Attached diagrams and their symbols: 1. Substrate; 1a. Vertical plate; 1b. Top plate; 101. Embryo / Fry layer; 1011. Substrate; 1012. Permeable grid; 10121. Permeable hole; 1013. Permeable grid slide rail; 1014. Substrate backfilling platform; 1015. Habitat platform; 1016. Planting trellis; 1017. Low water level inlet; 102. Fry / Juvenile fish layer; 1021. Lower partition; 1021a. Single panel; 1022. Square planting platform; 10 23. L-shaped partition; 1024. Mid-water level inlet; 103. Water level fluctuation layer; 1031. Upper partition; 1032. High-water level inlet; 1033. External sand cleaning platform; 1034. Sand cleaning outlet gate; 1035. Sand retaining wall; 2. Base; 3. Sand discharge channel; 4. Hanging ring; 5. Perching box; 501. Zipper; 502. Fish passage hole; 503. Zipper opening; 504. Combination hole; 505. Shuttle space; 6. Side plate; 7. Trough plate; 7a. Groove. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0043] The considered river basin reservoirs or cascade hydropower stations may experience significant water level fluctuations in the reservoir area and downstream sections with reduced water levels due to their respective discharge schedules. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the spawning conditions and habitats for fish growth and development in the river basins upstream and downstream of the dams where this situation occurs. To fully improve and strengthen the solution to the current fish habitat problem, this embodiment proposes habitat structures and habitat creation methods based on different ecological habits of fish, considering aspects such as water flow conductivity, water flow and substrate types required by fish at different growth stages, and accumulation of planktonic food.

[0044] Combination Figures 1 to 13As shown, a habitat structure based on different ecological habits of fish includes a base 2 and a substrate 1 set on the base 2. The substrate 1 includes a vertical plate 1a and a top plate 1b, the top plate 1b being formed by bending the upper end of the vertical plate 1a towards the downstream direction. Side plates 6 are respectively set at both ends of the substrate 1. The vertical plate 1a, the top plate 1b, and the two side plates 6 together form a fish habitat chamber with an open end at the downstream end. A lower partition 1021 and an upper partition 1031 are set in the fish habitat chamber to divide the fish habitat chamber from bottom to top into an embryonic larvae layer 101, a juvenile fish layer 102, and a water level fluctuation layer 103. The three spatial layers are arranged vertically side by side from bottom to top. The vertical plate 1a is provided with a low-level water inlet 1017, a medium-level water inlet 1024, and a high-level water inlet 1032, which are used to guide water from the upstream side of the substrate 1 to the embryonic larvae layer 101, the juvenile fish layer 102, and the water level fluctuation layer 103, respectively. Considering that the flow velocity impact between the three water inlets and their respective fish habitat chambers is slightly different, the upward angle of the low-level water inlet 1017 and the medium-level water inlet 1024 is greater than that of the high-level water inlet 1032. Therefore, from the perspective of water flow angle... The water energy in the different fish habitat chambers is reduced; a trough plate 7 is provided in the embryo larvae layer 101, and the trough plate 7 is installed on the top surface of the base 2; multiple grooves 7a are provided on the trough plate 7, and the bottom of each groove 7a is filled with substrate 1011, which is sand, gravel, and pebbles; multiple plant troughs 1016 are provided on the top surface of the trough plate 7; a square plant trough 1022 is provided on the top surface of the lower partition plate 1021, and aquatic plants are planted in both the plant troughs 1016 and the square plant trough 1022.

[0045] In this embodiment, the substrate 1011 serves as a crucial foundation for fish spawning. Based on the proportion of different fish species identified in a prior fish resource survey, and considering the spawning substrate preferences of different fish species, different substrate types and particle sizes are incorporated into different grooves 7a. The plant trellis 1016 serves as a food source for the embryonic larvae layer, providing ample food for fish at this stage. The plant trellis 1016 facilitates the sequential placement of aquatic plants in the direction of water flow and enhances their ability to block food. Adult fish in the embryonic larvae layer 101 can swim vertically to the plant trellis 1016 to find food after each spawning in the substrate 1011, replenishing the energy consumed during spawning.

[0046] In this embodiment, the square plant platform 1022 is arranged in a straight line along the direction of water flow. Aquatic plants are arranged on the square plant platform 1022, which also ensures the attachment of planktonic food for fish and provides a training ground for fish in the juvenile fish layer 102.

[0047] The lower partition 1021 is composed of multiple individual panels 1021a sequentially spliced ​​together. An L-shaped partition 1023 is provided between two adjacent individual panels 1021a. The lower end of the L-shaped partition 1023 extends downward and abuts against the top surface of the trough plate 7. The L-shaped partition 1023 divides the embryonic larvae layer 101 into multiple compartments and the juvenile fish layer 102 into multiple compartments. Two adjacent compartments of the juvenile fish layer 102 are connected by a notch on the L-shaped partition 1023. Multiple L-shaped partitions 1023 are also provided in the water level fluctuation layer 103, dividing the water level fluctuation layer 103 into multiple compartments. Two adjacent compartments of the water level fluctuation layer 103 are connected by a notch on the L-shaped partition 1023.

[0048] The number of grooves 7a on the trough plate 7 is the same as the number of compartments formed on the embryo larvae layer 101. Each compartment of the embryo larvae layer 101 is provided with one groove 7a. Two plant trellises 1016 are provided in each compartment of the embryo larvae layer 101, and the two plant trellises 1016 are respectively embedded on both sides of the opening of the groove 7a. A square plant trellis 1022 is embedded on the top of each single plate 1021a.

[0049] Combination Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, each compartment of the embryonic larvae layer 101 is equipped with a low-water inlet 1017; each compartment of the juvenile fish layer 102 is equipped with a medium-water inlet 1024; and each compartment of the water level fluctuation layer 103 is equipped with a high-water inlet 1032. The low-water inlets 1017, medium-water inlets 1024, and high-water inlets 1034 are angled upwards along the downstream direction. The purpose of this angled design is to significantly reduce the water energy entering different layers from the upstream through the inlets. By reducing water energy in this way, the water flow within the space of each vertical layer is ensured to be non-rapid.

[0050] In this embodiment, the aperture of the mid-water inlet 1024 of the juvenile fish layer 102 is larger than that of the low-water inlet 1017 of the embryonic larvae layer 101. The fish in the juvenile fish layer 102 are mainly those with certain swimming ability but still relatively small in size. After the fish from the previous growth stage arrive at the juvenile fish layer 102, they can undergo some swimming training and rest here, providing a foundation for them to grow into larger juvenile fish later.

[0051] Combination Figure 3As shown, the downstream end of the single-piece plate 1021a is bent downward to form an energy-reducing block, which is used to weaken the water energy in the cells of the embryonic larvae layer 101. Because of the energy-reducing block, the water energy flowing into the cells of the embryonic larvae layer 101 from the low-level inlet 1017 can be reduced, thus reducing the water flow impact on the larvae and ensuring their survival rate.

[0052] Combination Figure 2 As shown, a pair of bottom backfill platforms 1014 and a pair of permeable grid slide rails 1013 are provided on the side wall of the groove 7a; the permeable grid slide rails 1013 are spaced apart above the bottom backfill platforms 1014; the bottom material 1011 is filled to be flush with the bottom surface of the bottom backfill platform 1014, which is to make room for fish to rest. While ensuring that the bottom material height 1011 is sufficient, it also ensures that fry with weak swimming ability can choose to hide in the area between the bottom backfill platform 1014 and the permeable grid slide rails 1013 when swimming. To prevent sand and gravel carried by the water entering from the low-level inlet 1017 from damaging the bottom substrate 1011, permeable grids 1012 are inserted into the grooves of the two permeable grid rails 1013. Multiple permeable holes 10121 are evenly distributed on the permeable grids 1012, allowing for water circulation and the exchange of planktonic food for fish. Simultaneously, the permeable grids 1012 and the top surfaces of the permeable grid rails 1013 together form a resting platform 1015. The main function of this resting platform 1015 is to provide a good resting place for fish to spawn and wait. Furthermore, the permeable grids 1012 need to be inspected regularly. They can be pulled out using the grooves of the permeable grid rails 1013 to check their permeability and integrity.

[0053] Combination Figure 7 , Figure 8As shown, an external sand-cleaning platform 1033 is provided at the downstream end of the upper partition 1031, and sand-blocking walls 1035 are provided on the downstream edge and both ends of the external sand-cleaning platform 1033; sand-cleaning outlet gates 1034 are provided at both ends of the external sand-cleaning platform 1033; the upper partition 1031 is inclined downward along the downstream direction; the top surface of the external sand-cleaning platform 1033 is a sloping structure that is high in the middle and inclined downward towards the sand-cleaning outlet gates 1034 at both ends. The high-water-level inlet 1032 of the water level fluctuation layer 103 has a relatively large aperture, allowing some sediment to enter. The upper baffle 1031 of the water level fluctuation layer 103 is designed with an inclined shape to guide the sediment. As the sediment accumulates along the slope of the upper baffle 1031 after entering through the high-water-level inlet 1032, it slides into the external sand-cleaning platform 1033 under the influence of gravity. The top surface of the external sand-cleaning platform 1033 also has a slope, allowing the sediment entering the platform to slide down the slope into the sand-cleaning outlet gate 1034, and then out of the water level fluctuation layer 103. Furthermore, the sand-blocking wall 1035 prevents the sediment from flowing directly down into the downstream areas of the embryonic larvae layer 101 and the juvenile fish layer 102, thus avoiding frightening the fish.

[0054] In this embodiment, the water level fluctuation layer 103 is submerged during the high water season and exposed during the low water season. This results in a more diverse range of fish food deposited in the water level fluctuation layer 103. Therefore, the sidewall surface of the water level fluctuation layer 103 can be set as a rough surface to effectively allow fish planktonic food to attach. During the high water season, fish can scrape off the food attached to the sidewall or bottom plate after entering the layer. Thus, the water level fluctuation layer 103 exhibits the functional characteristics of storing fish food.

[0055] Combination Figure 9 As shown, a sand-draining channel 3 is provided on the top surface of the base 2, surrounding the upstream side and both ends of the base 1; the top surface of the sand-draining channel 3 is not higher than the low-water inlet 1017; a sand-diverting slope is provided at the upstream end of the base 2; a sand-draining trough is formed at the intersection of the sand-draining channel 3 and the base 2. The sand-draining channel 3 can effectively prevent the low-water inlet 1017 of the embryonic larvae layer 101 from being blocked by sediment accumulation. The sediment accumulated below the low-water inlet 1017 is flushed downstream by the water flow through the sand-draining channel 3 around the left and right banks of the habitat structure, ensuring the normal operation of the low-water inlet 1017 and maintaining a normal water inflow volume for the embryonic larvae layer 101.

[0056] Combination Figures 11 to 13As shown, habitat boxes 5 are suspended within the juvenile fish layer 102 and the water level fluctuation layer 103. The habitat boxes 5 have a hollow internal structure. Fish passage holes 502 are provided on the side walls of the habitat boxes 5, allowing water and fish to pass through. Zipper openings 503 are provided on the top and bottom surfaces of the habitat boxes 5, and multiple habitat boxes 5 are connected in a string via zippers 501 threaded through the zipper openings 503. Combination holes 504 are provided on the top, bottom, and side surfaces of the habitat boxes 5. Two adjacent habitat boxes 5 in the same string are fixed by inserting pins or using bolts into the combination holes 504, and two adjacent habitat boxes 5 in two strings are also fixed by inserting pins or using bolts into the combination holes 504. This ensures that all habitat boxes 5 are connected and form a stable whole. Each habitat box 5 has the shape of two conical truncated pyramids, thus creating a passage space 505 between the habitat boxes 5 for fish to swim freely. The habitat 5 can prevent fish predators from entering the habitat 5, thus protecting the fish.

[0057] In this embodiment, there is a distance between the fish hole 502 on the side wall of each habitat box 5 and the bottom wall of the habitat box 5, which is to ensure the water space required for the survival of aquatic plants inside the habitat box 5. The specific distance needs to be determined according to the water requirements of different aquatic plants.

[0058] In this embodiment, the base 2, the base body 1, and the groove plate 7 are connected as a whole by bolts, that is, they can be prefabricated as precast components and then connected together by bolts. To facilitate hoisting, a lifting ring 4 is provided on the top surface of the cover plate 1a.

[0059] In this embodiment, the body 1 can be made of transparent material so that the aquatic plants inside the habitat structure can receive light.

[0060] Combination Figure 14 As shown, this embodiment also provides a habitat creation method based on different ecological habits of fish, which adopts the above-mentioned habitat structure and includes the following steps:

[0061] S1. Site selection for habitat placement area: Select shallow pools upstream and downstream of the dam, close to the shore and located below the lowest water level, as the placement area for habitat.

[0062] S2. Place the entire habitat structure in the placement area selected in step S1. When placing the structure, the open end of the fish habitat chamber of the habitat structure should face downstream.

[0063] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A habitat structure based on different ecological habits of fish, characterized in that, Includes a base (2) and a substrate (1) set on the base (2); the substrate (1) includes a vertical plate (1a) and a top plate (1b); side plates (6) are respectively provided at both ends of the substrate (1); the vertical plate (1a), the top plate (1b), and the two side plates (6) together form a fish habitat chamber with an open end at the downstream end; The fish habitat chamber is provided with a lower partition (1021) and an upper partition (1031) to divide the fish habitat chamber from bottom to top into an embryonic larvae layer (101), a juvenile fish layer (102), and a water level fluctuation layer (103). The vertical plate (1a) is provided with a low water level inlet (1017), a medium water level inlet (1024) and a high water level inlet (1032) to divert water from the upstream side of the substrate (1) to the embryo larvae layer (101), the juvenile fish layer (102) and the water level fluctuation layer (103), respectively. A trough plate (7) is provided in the embryo larvae layer (101), and the trough plate (7) is installed on the top surface of the base (2); a plurality of grooves (7a) are provided on the trough plate (7), and the bottom of each groove (7a) is filled with substrate (1011). Multiple plant troughs (1016) are provided on the top surface of the trough plate (7); a square plant platform (1022) is provided on the top surface of the lower partition plate (1021), and aquatic plants are planted in both the plant troughs (1016) and the square plant platform (1022); A sand-drainage channel (3) is provided on the top surface of the base (2). The sand-drainage channel (3) is arranged around the upstream side and both ends of the base (1). The top surface of the sand-drainage channel (3) is not higher than the low water level inlet (1017). A sand-diverting slope is provided at the upstream end of the base (2). A sand-drainage trough is formed at the intersection of the sand-drainage channel (3) and the base (2). The sediment accumulated below the low water level inlet (1017) is flushed downstream by the water flow through the sand-drainage channel (3) around the left and right banks of the habitat structure. An external sand-cleaning platform (1033) is provided at the downstream end of the upper partition (1031), and sand-blocking walls (1035) are provided at the downstream edge and both ends of the external sand-cleaning platform (1033); sand-cleaning outlet gates (1034) are provided at both ends of the external sand-cleaning platform (1033); the upper partition (1031) is inclined downward along the downstream direction; the top surface of the external sand-cleaning platform (1033) is a sloping structure that is high in the middle and inclined downward towards the sand-cleaning outlet gates (1034) at both ends.

2. The habitat structure based on different ecological habits of fish as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The lower partition (1021) is formed by splicing multiple single panels (1021a) in sequence. An L-shaped partition (1023) is provided between two adjacent single panels (1021a). The lower end of the L-shaped partition (1023) extends downward and abuts against the top surface of the groove plate (7). The L-shaped partition (1023) divides the embryonic larvae layer (101) into multiple compartments and the juvenile larvae layer (102) into multiple compartments, with adjacent compartments of the juvenile larvae layer (102) connected by a notch on the L-shaped partition (1023). Multiple L-shaped baffles (1023) are also provided in the water level fluctuation layer (103) to divide the water level fluctuation layer (103) into multiple cells. Two adjacent cells of the water level fluctuation layer (103) are connected by gaps on the L-shaped baffles (1023).

3. A habitat structure based on different ecological habits of fish as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The number of grooves (7a) on the trough plate (7) is the same as the number of compartments formed on the embryo larvae layer (101). Each compartment of the embryo larvae layer (101) is provided with a corresponding groove (7a). Two plant trellises (1016) are provided in each compartment of the embryo larvae layer (101), and the two plant trellises (1016) are respectively embedded on both sides of the opening of the groove (7a). Each individual panel (1021a) has a square planter (1022) embedded on its top.

4. A habitat structure based on different ecological habits of fish as described in claim 2, characterized in that: Each compartment of the embryo larvae layer (101) is provided with a corresponding low water level inlet (1017). Each compartment of the juvenile fish layer (102) is provided with a corresponding medium-water inlet (1024). Each cell of the water level fluctuation layer (103) is provided with a high water level inlet (1032); The low-water-level inlet (1017), the medium-water-level inlet (1024), and the high-water-level inlet (1032) are inclined upward along the downstream direction.

5. A habitat structure based on different ecological habits of fish as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The downstream end of the single plate (1021a) is bent downward to form an energy-reducing block, which is used to weaken the water energy in the cell of the embryonic larvae layer (101).

6. A habitat structure based on different ecological habits of fish as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A pair of bottom backfill platforms (1014) and a pair of permeable grid slide rails (1013) are provided on the side wall of the groove (7a); the permeable grid slide rails (1013) are spaced apart above the bottom backfill platforms (1014); the bottom material (1011) is filled to be flush with the bottom surface of the bottom backfill platforms (1014); a permeable grid (1012) is inserted into the groove of the two permeable grid slide rails (1013), and a plurality of permeable holes (10121) are evenly distributed on the permeable grid (1012).

7. A habitat structure based on different ecological habits of fish as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A habitat box (5) is suspended in the juvenile fish layer (102) and the water level fluctuation layer (103); the habitat box (5) has a hollow internal structure; the side wall of the habitat box (5) is provided with a fish passage hole (502) that allows water and fish to pass through.

8. A method for creating habitats based on different ecological habits of fish, characterized in that, The use of the habitat structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7 includes the following steps: S1. Site selection for habitat placement area: Select shallow pools upstream and downstream of the dam, close to the shore and located below the lowest water level, as the placement area for habitat. S2. Place the entire habitat structure in the placement area selected in step S1. When placing the structure, the open end of the fish habitat chamber of the habitat structure should face downstream.

Images