A test method for hydraulic erosion of self-expanding particles under seepage stress coupling

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of self-expanding particle hydraulic erosion test methods under seepage stress coupling, the self-expanding particle hydraulic erosion process under seepage stress coupling under different conditions can be accurately simulated by the test device of setting, guarantee the reliability and accuracy of test result.This special device considers a variety of experimental variables and control parameters, including water velocity, pressure, temperature and initial conditions of soil sample, can reproduce various complex situations that may be encountered in actual engineering.Through sensor and monitoring system, each item of data in experimental process is collected and recorded in real time, ensures the high accuracy and high resolution of data.In addition, special test device is also equipped with advanced data acquisition and analysis system, can carry out real-time processing and analysis to experimental data, quickly identify and correct abnormal situation in experimental process, further improve the accuracy and reliability of experimental result.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydraulic erosion testing of self-expanding particles, specifically, it relates to a test method for hydraulic erosion of self-expanding particles under seepage stress coupling. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of hydraulic engineering, understanding the mechanism of hydraulic erosion of self-expanding particles under seepage stress coupling is crucial for the prevention of geological disasters and the assurance of engineering safety. Expansive soil is a special type of soil that easily expands and contracts in volume under the influence of water. The adsorption and desorption of water by minerals such as montmorillonite and illite are the main reasons for its volume change. When expansive soil is eroded by water flow, the scouring effect of the water flow causes the movement and rearrangement of particles within the soil mass, thereby exacerbating soil erosion and damage, and threatening engineering safety.

[0003] Against this backdrop, conducting experimental research on the hydraulic erosion of self-expanding particles under seepage stress coupling is of significant scientific and engineering importance. Currently, research on the hydraulic erosion of self-expanding particles under seepage stress coupling requires extensive experimental verification to reveal the erosion mechanism, assess the risks, and propose corresponding protective measures. However, traditional experimental methods often suffer from problems such as complex operation, inaccurate data acquisition, and difficulty in reproducing experimental results.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a test method for hydraulic erosion of self-expanding particles under seepage stress coupling, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A test method for hydraulic erosion of self-expanding particles under seepage stress coupling is disclosed. The test equipment includes a main test tank, a water pump, an inlet valve, a pressure gauge, an axial loading system, pressure measuring tube a, pressure measuring tube b, a nylon tube, a base plate, and an auxiliary system. The auxiliary system includes a water pump control system, a pressure control system, a temperature control system, and a data acquisition system. The water pump is connected to the inlet pipe of the test tank via the inlet valve. A pressure gauge is installed on the inlet pipe to monitor the water pressure. An axial loading system is installed at the top of the test tank to measure the water pressure at the top of the sample via pressure measuring tube b. Pressure measuring tube a is installed on the side of the test tank and connected to the base plate via a nylon tube to measure the water pressure on the side of the sample and drain the water. The base plate is located at the bottom of the test tank, supporting the entire device, and is connected to a water collection tank via a nylon tube to collect the outflowing water. It is located on the far right side of the device. The water collection tank is connected to the base plate via a nylon tube to collect the water flowing out of the test tank and prevent water loss.

[0008] The steps for conducting the experiment using the experimental apparatus are as follows:

[0009] S1: Select an expansive granular soil sample and dry, sieve, and mix the expansive granular soil sample;

[0010] S2: The auxiliary system adjusts the flow rate, pressure, and temperature parameters to simulate the hydraulic erosion process under different conditions;

[0011] S3: Place the pretreated granular soil sample in the test tank, start the water pump, and let the fluid flow through the test tank to begin eroding the granular soil sample;

[0012] S4: Use sensors and data acquisition systems to monitor key parameters in real time during the test process;

[0013] S5: Perform statistical analysis and processing on key parameters to obtain erosion rate and particle movement law;

[0014] S6: Based on the obtained erosion rate and particle motion law, establish a mathematical model, conduct in-depth research on the mechanism and law of hydraulic erosion of self-expanding particles under seepage stress coupling, and obtain corresponding experimental results;

[0015] S7: Compare and verify the test results with actual engineering conditions to verify the accuracy and reliability of the test methods. Based on the test results, formulate corresponding geological disaster prevention measures and engineering design suggestions.

[0016] Optionally, the expanded granular soil samples are processed by drying, sieving, and mixing methods. The specific steps include: selecting soil samples with expanded granular particles, drying them to remove moisture from the soil samples; then removing oversized or undersized particles through a sieving process; and finally, mixing soil samples from different sources or different processing stages through a mixing process.

[0017] Optionally, the steps for simulating hydraulic erosion processes under different conditions by adjusting flow rate, pressure, and temperature parameters through an auxiliary system are as follows:

[0018] Step S1: Set the required water flow rate using the water pump's flow rate adjustment function, and the water pump control system monitors the water flow rate in real time.

[0019] Step S2: A flow sensor is installed at the water pump. The flow sensor is used to monitor and provide feedback on changes in water flow velocity.

[0020] Step S3: Set the required water flow pressure through the pressure regulating valve and use a pressure sensor to monitor the changes in water flow pressure in real time; then, feed the preset data back to the pressure control system, and the pressure control system adjusts the pressure in real time according to the preset pressure to simulate different water flow impact forces.

[0021] Optionally, the steps for using sensors and data acquisition systems to monitor key parameters in real time during the experiment are as follows:

[0022] Sensors were placed inside the test tank to monitor the soil erosion depth and particle movement velocity in real time.

[0023] After receiving data, the sensor transmits the collected data to the data acquisition system for real-time recording and storage.

[0024] The data acquisition system analyzes the acquired data and performs preliminary processing to obtain information on erosion rate and particle trajectory.

[0025] Optionally, the data acquisition system analyzes the acquired data and performs preliminary processing to obtain information on erosion rate and particle trajectory. The logic for obtaining this information is as follows:

[0026] By integrating the data on the change of erosion depth over time, the change in erosion depth per unit time is calculated to obtain the erosion rate. Then, based on the water flow velocity and flow rate, combined with the change in erosion depth, the erosion volume per unit time is calculated and further converted into the erosion rate. The expression for this rate is: Where A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the sample, Δd(t) is the change in erosion depth, and v e Δt is the erosion rate, d(t) is the time change, Q is the erosion depth, and Q is the flow rate.

[0027] Based on the particle motion velocity and position data, the motion trajectory of the particles is reconstructed using a trajectory reconstruction algorithm. The reconstructed particle motion trajectory is smoothed to remove noise and anomalies, resulting in a continuous particle motion trajectory. Motion velocity, acceleration, and path length are extracted from the particle motion trajectory to analyze the particle motion law.

[0028] The calculation and analysis results are visualized, including erosion rate curves and particle motion trajectory diagrams.

[0029] Optionally, by obtaining the trajectory r (t) The expressions for obtaining the particle's velocity v(t) and acceleration a(t) are:

[0030]

[0031] in, r is the particle position vector (t) The first derivative with respect to time t represents the velocity vector; r (t) This is the smoothed particle position vector. Let x(t) be the first derivative of position x(t) with respect to time t, and let represent the velocity component in the x-direction. Let y(t) be the first derivative of position y(t) with respect to time t, and let represent the velocity component in the y-direction. The first derivative of position z(t) with respect to time t represents the velocity component in the z-direction, where t is time. Let v(t) be the first derivative of the velocity vector with respect to time t, and let v(t) be the acceleration vector. r is the particle position vector (t) The second derivative with respect to time t represents the acceleration vector. Let x(t) be the second derivative of position x(t) with respect to time t, and let represent the acceleration component in the x-direction. Let be the second derivative of position y(t) with respect to time t, and represent the acceleration component in the y-direction. Let z(t) be the second derivative of position z(t) with respect to time t, and let z represent the acceleration component in the z direction.

[0032] The steps for establishing a mathematical model based on experimental results and conducting in-depth research on the mechanism and laws of self-expanding particle hydraulic erosion under seepage stress coupling are as follows:

[0033] Based on the erosion rate and particle motion patterns obtained from statistical analysis, a mathematical model of self-expanding particle hydraulic erosion under seepage stress coupling is constructed.

[0034] The mathematical model was verified and optimized using computer simulation technology. The optimized mathematical model was then applied to the simulation of hydraulic erosion under different conditions to study the erosion mechanism and law of self-expanding particles under seepage stress coupling.

[0035] Optionally, the laboratory test results E lab (t) and the hydraulic erosion situation in actual engineering E field (t) Compare and verify the reliability of the experimental methods and data, and based on the comparative analysis results, identify potential geological hazard risks R in real-world engineering projects.f Its expression is: Among them, R f A value greater than 1 indicates the presence of geological disaster risk. Finally, based on the analysis results and mathematical model, specific geological disaster prevention measures and engineering design suggestions are proposed.

[0036] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art. Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the following advantages at the same time:

[0037] This invention utilizes a specially designed experimental apparatus to accurately simulate the hydraulic erosion process of self-expanding particles under seepage stress coupling under different conditions, ensuring the reliability and accuracy of the experimental results. This specialized apparatus is designed to consider various experimental variables and control parameters, including water flow velocity, pressure, temperature, and initial soil sample conditions, enabling it to reproduce various complex situations that may be encountered in actual engineering projects. Through sensors and a monitoring system, various data during the experimental process are collected and recorded in real time, ensuring high precision and high resolution. Furthermore, the specialized experimental apparatus is equipped with an advanced data acquisition and analysis system, capable of real-time processing and analysis of experimental data, quickly identifying and correcting anomalies during the experimental process, further improving the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results.

[0038] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0039] The accompanying drawings described below are merely some embodiments. Those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0040] In the picture:

[0041] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the experimental method;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the experimental setup.

[0043] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0044] 1. Water pump; 2. Inlet valve; 3. Pressure gauge; 4. Axial loading system; 5. Pressure measuring tube a; 6. Pressure measuring tube b; 7. Nylon tube; 8. Base plate.

[0045] It should be noted that these accompanying drawings and textual descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of the invention to those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0047] Please see Figure 1-2 As shown, this embodiment provides a test method for hydraulic erosion of self-expanding particles under seepage stress coupling. The test equipment is used to complete the hydraulic erosion test. The test device includes a main test tank, a water pump 1, an inlet valve 2, a pressure gauge 3, an axial loading system 4, a pressure measuring tube a5, a pressure measuring tube b6, a nylon tube 7, a base plate 8, and an auxiliary system. The auxiliary system includes a water pump 1 control system, a pressure control system, a temperature control system, and a data acquisition system. The water pump 1 is connected to the inlet pipe of the test tank through the inlet valve 2. The pressure gauge 3 is installed on the inlet pipe to monitor the water flow pressure. The axial loading system 4 is installed at the top of the test tank to measure the water pressure at the top of the sample through the pressure measuring tube b6. The pressure measuring tube a5 is installed on the side of the test tank and is connected to the base plate 8 through the nylon tube 7 to measure the water pressure on the side of the sample and drain the water. The base plate 8 is located at the bottom of the test tank, supports the entire device, and is connected to the water collection tank through the nylon tube 7 to collect the outflowing water. It is located on the far right side of the device. The water collection tank is connected to the base plate 8 through the nylon tube 7 to collect the water flowing out of the test tank and prevent water loss.

[0048] The steps for conducting the experiment using the experimental apparatus are as follows:

[0049] S1: Select an expansive granular soil sample and dry, sieve, and mix the expansive granular soil sample;

[0050] S2: The auxiliary system adjusts the flow rate, pressure, and temperature parameters to simulate the hydraulic erosion process under different conditions;

[0051] S3: Place the pretreated granular soil sample in the test tank, start the water pump, and let the fluid flow through the test tank to begin eroding the granular soil sample;

[0052] S4: Use sensors and data acquisition systems to monitor key parameters in real time during the test process;

[0053] S5: Perform statistical analysis and processing on key parameters to obtain erosion rate and particle movement law;

[0054] S6: Based on the obtained erosion rate and particle motion law, establish a mathematical model, conduct in-depth research on the mechanism and law of hydraulic erosion of self-expanding particles under seepage stress coupling, and obtain corresponding experimental results;

[0055] S7: Compare and verify the test results with actual engineering conditions to verify the accuracy and reliability of the test methods. Based on the test results, formulate corresponding geological disaster prevention measures and engineering design suggestions.

[0056] It should be noted that: by selecting expansive granular soil samples and performing drying, sieving, and mixing treatments, the flow rate, pressure, and temperature parameters are adjusted using an auxiliary system to simulate the hydraulic erosion process under different conditions. The pretreated granular soil samples are placed in the test tank, and the water pump is started to conduct the erosion experiment. Sensors and data acquisition systems are used to monitor key parameters in real time, and the data are statistically analyzed and processed to obtain the erosion rate and particle movement law. Based on this, a mathematical model is established to study in depth the hydraulic erosion mechanism and law of self-expanding particles under seepage stress coupling, obtain experimental results, and compare and verify them with real engineering conditions to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the experimental method.

[0057] By designing a dedicated experimental apparatus, the hydraulic erosion process of self-expanding particles under seepage stress coupling under different conditions can be accurately simulated, ensuring the reliability and accuracy of the experimental results. This specialized apparatus is designed to consider various experimental variables and control parameters, including water flow velocity, pressure, temperature, and initial soil sample conditions, enabling it to reproduce various complex situations that may be encountered in actual engineering projects. Sensors and monitoring systems collect and record various data in real time during the experiment, ensuring high precision and high resolution. Furthermore, the dedicated experimental apparatus is equipped with an advanced data acquisition and analysis system, capable of real-time processing and analysis of experimental data, quickly identifying and correcting anomalies during the experiment, further improving the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results.

[0058] In this embodiment, the expanded granular soil sample is processed through drying, sieving, and mixing. The specific steps include: selecting a soil sample containing expanded granules and drying it to remove moisture; then, sieving to remove excessively large or small particles; and finally, mixing soil samples from different sources or different processing stages. Drying removes moisture from the soil sample, avoiding the influence of moisture content variations on experimental results and improving the precision and accuracy of the experimental processing. Sieving removes excessively large or small particles, optimizing the particle size distribution of the sample and ensuring the consistency of sample quality and experimental conditions.

[0059] It should be noted that processing expansive granular soil samples through drying, sieving, and mixing can not only improve the uniformity and consistency of the experimental samples, remove moisture and unqualified particles, and optimize sample quality, but also homogenize sample characteristics, reduce experimental errors, and improve the representativeness and applicability of experimental results.

[0060] In this embodiment, the steps for simulating the hydraulic erosion process under different conditions by adjusting the flow rate, pressure, and temperature parameters through an auxiliary system are as follows:

[0061] Step S1: Set the required water flow rate using the water pump's flow rate adjustment function, and the water pump control system monitors the water flow rate in real time; the water pump's flow rate adjustment function allows for precise setting of the required water flow rate, and the water pump control system monitors and adjusts the water flow rate in real time to ensure the stability and consistency of experimental conditions.

[0062] Step S2: A flow sensor is installed at the water pump. The flow sensor is used to monitor and provide feedback on changes in water flow velocity. Installing a flow sensor at the water pump can monitor changes in water flow velocity in real time and feed the data back to the control system, thereby adjusting the water flow velocity in a timely manner and ensuring the real-time and dynamic adjustment capability of experimental conditions.

[0063] Step S3: Set the required water flow pressure using a pressure regulating valve and monitor the changes in water flow pressure in real time using a pressure sensor. Then, feed the preset data back to the pressure control system, which adjusts the pressure in real time according to the preset pressure to simulate different water flow impact forces. By setting the required water flow pressure using a pressure regulating valve and using a pressure sensor to monitor and provide feedback on water flow pressure changes in real time, and by adjusting the pressure in real time according to the preset pressure, the system can simulate different water flow impact forces and meet diverse experimental needs.

[0064] It should be noted that: the water flow rate is set through the water pump flow regulation function, and the flow sensor monitors and provides feedback on changes in the water flow rate in real time. The pressure regulating valve sets the water flow pressure, and the pressure sensor monitors and provides feedback on pressure changes in real time. The control system adjusts the pressure in real time to simulate different water flow impact forces. These steps not only achieve the goal of precisely controlling the water flow rate and pressure, ensuring the stability and consistency of experimental conditions, but also improve the accuracy and stability of experimental data and reduce human intervention.

[0065] In this embodiment, the steps for real-time monitoring of key parameters during the experiment using sensors and a data acquisition system are as follows:

[0066] Sensors are deployed within the test chamber to monitor soil erosion depth and particle velocity in real time. This allows for real-time monitoring of these parameters, ensuring timely and accurate data acquisition. The data collected by the sensors is immediately transmitted to the data acquisition system for real-time recording and storage, preventing data loss and guaranteeing data integrity and reliability.

[0067] By using sensors and monitoring devices to monitor key parameters during the experiment in real time, such as soil erosion depth and particle velocity, accurate experimental data is obtained, providing a reliable foundation for subsequent analysis and research. The application of modern sensor technology and high-precision monitoring devices enables precise and continuous monitoring of key parameters during the experiment. Sensors, including but not limited to laser rangefinders, high-definition camera systems, accelerometers, and pressure sensors, can comprehensively capture and record every subtle change in the soil erosion process. The data collected by the sensors is transmitted in real time to the central data processing system via a high-speed data transmission interface, ensuring the real-time nature and integrity of the data.

[0068] The monitoring system can automatically record and store changes in erosion depth and particle velocity at various moments during the experiment. It also performs preliminary processing on the raw data using data processing algorithms, such as noise reduction, filtering, and error correction, thereby improving data accuracy. The real-time monitoring and data recording features not only help to promptly identify and correct anomalies in the experiment but also enable detailed time-series analysis after the experiment, helping researchers understand the dynamic changes in the erosion process and the patterns of particle movement.

[0069] After receiving data, the sensor transmits the collected data to the data acquisition system for real-time recording and storage. The data acquisition system analyzes and performs preliminary processing on the received data, which can quickly obtain information on erosion rate and particle movement trajectory, providing basic data for subsequent detailed analysis and improving work efficiency.

[0070] The data acquisition system analyzes the acquired data and performs preliminary processing to obtain information on erosion rate and particle trajectory.

[0071] It should be noted that by arranging sensors in the test chamber for real-time monitoring, data transmission and storage, data analysis and preliminary processing, not only is real-time acquisition and recording of experimental data achieved, ensuring the integrity and reliability of the data, but also key parameters can be accurately acquired, supporting complex multivariate analysis, reducing human intervention and errors, and improving the reliability and efficiency of data analysis.

[0072] In this embodiment, the data acquisition system analyzes the acquired data and performs preliminary processing to obtain the erosion rate and particle trajectory information. The acquisition logic is as follows:

[0073] By integrating the data on the change of erosion depth over time, the change in erosion depth per unit time is calculated to obtain the erosion rate. Then, based on the water flow velocity and flow rate, combined with the change in erosion depth, the erosion volume per unit time is calculated and further converted into the erosion rate. The expression for this rate is: Where A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the sample, Δd(t) is the change in erosion depth, and v e Δt is the erosion rate, d(t) is the time change, Q is the erosion depth, and Q is the flow rate.

[0074] Based on particle velocity and position data, a trajectory reconstruction algorithm is used to reconstruct the particle trajectories. The reconstructed trajectories are then smoothed to remove noise and anomalies, resulting in continuous particle trajectories. Velocity, acceleration, and path length are extracted from these trajectories to analyze particle motion patterns. Erosion rate and erosion volume are calculated using a time integration method to ensure high data accuracy and reliability, reduce experimental errors, and improve the credibility of the results. By reconstructing trajectories from particle motion data and performing smoothing, dynamic monitoring and real-time analysis of particle motion are achieved, providing real-time data support.

[0075] The calculation and analysis results are visualized, including erosion rate curves and particle trajectory diagrams. By extracting particle velocity, acceleration, and path length, the particle motion patterns are comprehensively analyzed, leading to a deeper understanding of the particle motion mechanism.

[0076] In this embodiment, the obtained trajectory r (t) The expressions for obtaining the particle's velocity v(t) and acceleration a(t) are:

[0077]

[0078] in, r is the particle position vector (t) The first derivative with respect to time t represents the velocity vector; r (t) This is the smoothed particle position vector. Let x(t) be the first derivative of position x(t) with respect to time t, and let represent the velocity component in the x-direction. Let y(t) be the first derivative of position y(t) with respect to time t, and let represent the velocity component in the y-direction. The first derivative of position z(t) with respect to time t represents the velocity component in the z-direction, where t is time. Let v(t) be the first derivative of the velocity vector with respect to time t, and let v(t) be the acceleration vector. r is the particle position vector (t) The second derivative with respect to time t represents the acceleration vector. Let x(t) be the second derivative of position x(t) with respect to time t, and let represent the acceleration component in the x-direction. Let be the second derivative of position y(t) with respect to time t, and represent the acceleration component in the y-direction. Let z(t) be the second derivative of position z(t) with respect to time t, representing the acceleration component in the z-direction. By continuously monitoring and processing particle positions, using mathematical derivatives to calculate velocity and acceleration ensures high precision and accuracy of the results; for example, in monitoring particle flow in river channels, the motion state of particles can be accurately calculated, thereby better predicting erosion and deposition processes.

[0079] By calculating velocity and acceleration in three-dimensional space, the motion state of particles in all directions can be comprehensively analyzed, providing more comprehensive data on their motion characteristics. In studying debris flow motion, three-dimensional motion analysis can provide a complete understanding of the trajectory and dynamic characteristics of particles within the debris flow, offering detailed data support for prevention and control measures.

[0080] In this embodiment, the steps for establishing a mathematical model based on experimental results and conducting in-depth research on the mechanism and laws of self-expanding particle hydraulic erosion under seepage stress coupling are as follows:

[0081] Based on the erosion rate and particle movement patterns obtained through statistical analysis, a mathematical model of self-expanding particle hydraulic erosion under seepage stress coupling was constructed. By building the mathematical model based on experimental results, it was ensured that the model could accurately reflect the experimental data, thus improving the model's accuracy and reliability. For example, in a seepage prevention study of a reservoir dam, the model constructed using laboratory data accurately predicted the key locations and rates of seepage erosion, thereby providing a scientific basis for dam reinforcement.

[0082] Computer simulation technology was used to verify and optimize the constructed mathematical model, and the optimized model was applied to simulate hydraulic erosion under different conditions to study the erosion mechanism and laws of self-expanding particles under seepage stress coupling. By verifying and optimizing the mathematical model through computer simulation, model parameters and structure can be continuously adjusted to improve the model's predictive ability and applicability. For example, in an erosion risk assessment of an urban underground pipe network, the model optimized through simulation technology successfully identified several high-risk areas, allowing for proactive protective measures and preventing potential pipe network damage.

[0083] Applying optimized mathematical models to simulate hydraulic erosion under different conditions allows for dynamic simulation and prediction of erosion processes in actual engineering projects, providing real-time data support. For example, in a stability study of a highway slope, the optimized mathematical model was used to dynamically simulate the erosion process of the slope under different rainfall conditions, guiding slope protection design and emergency response measures.

[0084] In this embodiment, the laboratory test results E lab (t) and the actual hydraulic erosion situation in engineering E field(t) Compare and verify the reliability of the experimental methods and data, and based on the comparative analysis results, identify potential geological hazard risks R in real-world engineering projects. f Its expression is: Among them, R f A value greater than 1 indicates the presence of geological disaster risk. Finally, based on the analysis results and mathematical model, specific geological disaster prevention measures and engineering design suggestions are proposed.

[0085] It should be noted that comparing laboratory test results with data from actual engineering projects verifies the accuracy and reliability of the experimental methods, ensuring that the experimental data accurately reflects the conditions in real-world engineering scenarios. This helps eliminate discrepancies between experimental and field conditions, thereby increasing the credibility of the experimental results.

[0086] By utilizing the results of comparative analysis, potential geological hazard risks in actual engineering projects can be identified. When the risk factor R... f A value greater than 1 indicates a risk of geological disasters. Early risk identification allows for timely preventative and responsive measures to avoid disasters.

[0087] This invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Anyone should understand that structural changes made under the guidance of this invention, and any technical solutions that are the same as or similar to this invention, fall within the protection scope of this invention. Technical aspects, shapes, and structures not described in detail in this invention are all publicly known technologies.

Claims

1. A test method for hydraulic erosion of self-expanding particles under seepage stress coupling, wherein the hydraulic erosion is carried out using test equipment. The experiment is characterized by, The test apparatus includes a main test tank, a water pump (1), an inlet valve (2), a pressure gauge (3), an axial loading system (4), a pressure measuring tube a (5), a pressure measuring tube b (6), a nylon tube (7), a base plate (8), and an auxiliary system. The auxiliary system includes a water pump (1) control system, a pressure control system, a temperature control system, and a data acquisition system. The water pump (1) is connected to the inlet pipe of the test tank through the inlet valve (2). A pressure gauge (3) is installed on the inlet pipe to monitor the water pressure. An axial loading system (4) is installed on the top of the test tank to measure the water pressure at the top of the sample through the pressure measuring tube b (6). A pressure measuring tube a is installed on the side of the test tank. (5) The water pressure on the side of the sample is measured and water is discharged through the nylon tube (7). The bottom plate (8) is located at the bottom of the test tank, supporting the entire device, and is connected to the water collection tank through the nylon tube (7) to collect the outflowing water. It is located on the far right of the device. The water collection tank is connected to the bottom plate (8) through the nylon tube (7) to collect the water flowing out of the test tank and prevent water loss. The steps for conducting the experiment using the experimental apparatus are as follows: S1: Select an expansive granular soil sample and dry, sieve, and mix the expansive granular soil sample; S2: The auxiliary system adjusts the flow rate, pressure, and temperature parameters to simulate the hydraulic erosion process under different conditions; S3: Place the pretreated granular soil sample in the test tank, start the water pump, and let the fluid flow through the test tank to begin eroding the granular soil sample; S4: Use sensors and data acquisition systems to monitor key parameters in real time during the test process; S5: Perform statistical analysis and processing on key parameters to obtain erosion rate and particle movement law; S6: Based on the obtained erosion rate and particle motion law, establish a mathematical model, conduct in-depth research on the mechanism and law of hydraulic erosion of self-expanding particles under seepage stress coupling, and obtain corresponding experimental results; S7: Compare and verify the test results with actual engineering conditions to verify the accuracy of the test methods. Based on the test results, formulate corresponding geological disaster prevention measures and engineering design suggestions. The steps for simulating hydraulic erosion processes under different conditions by adjusting flow rate, pressure, and temperature parameters using an auxiliary system are as follows: Step S1: Set the required water flow rate using the water pump's flow rate adjustment function, and the water pump control system monitors the water flow rate in real time. Step S2: A flow sensor is installed at the water pump. The flow sensor is used to monitor and provide feedback on changes in water flow velocity. Step S3: Set the required water flow pressure through the pressure regulating valve and use a pressure sensor to monitor the changes in water flow pressure in real time; then, feed the preset data back to the pressure control system, and the pressure control system adjusts the pressure in real time according to the preset pressure to simulate different water flow impact forces. The steps for using sensors and data acquisition systems to monitor key parameters in real time during the experiment are as follows: Sensors were placed in the test tank to monitor the soil erosion depth and particle movement velocity in real time. After receiving data, the sensor transmits the collected data to the data acquisition system for real-time recording and storage. The data acquisition system analyzes the acquired data and performs preliminary processing to obtain the erosion rate. Rate, particle motion trajectory information; The data acquisition system analyzes the acquired data and performs preliminary processing to obtain information on erosion rate and particle trajectory. The logic for acquiring this information is as follows: By integrating the data on erosion depth changes over time, the change in erosion depth per unit time is calculated to obtain the erosion rate. Then, based on the water flow velocity and flow rate, and combined with the change in erosion depth, the erosion volume per unit time is calculated. The conversion to erosion rate in one step is expressed as follows: Where A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the sample, Δd d(t) is the change in erosion depth, ve is the erosion rate, Δt is the change in time, d(t) is the erosion depth, and Q is the flow rate. Based on the particle motion velocity and position data, the motion trajectory of the particles is reconstructed using a trajectory reconstruction algorithm. The reconstructed particle motion trajectory is smoothed to remove noise and anomalies, resulting in a continuous particle motion trajectory. Motion velocity, acceleration, and path length are extracted from the particle motion trajectory to analyze the particle motion law. The calculation and analysis results are visualized, including erosion rate curves and particle motion trajectory diagrams; The expressions for the particle's velocity v(t) and acceleration a(t) obtained from the trajectory r(t) are as follows: ； in, Let r(t) be the first derivative of the particle position vector r(t) with respect to time t, and let r(t) be the velocity vector; r(t) is the smoothed particle position vector. Let x(t) be the first derivative of position x(t) with respect to time t, and let represent the velocity component in the x-direction. Let be the first derivative of position y(t) with respect to time t, and let represent the velocity component in the y-direction. The first derivative of position z(t) with respect to time t represents the velocity component in the z-direction, where t is time. Let v(t) be the first derivative of the velocity vector with respect to time t, and let v(t) be the acceleration vector. Let r(t) be the second derivative of the particle position vector with respect to time t, and let r be the acceleration vector. Let x(t) be the second derivative of position x(t) with respect to time t, and let represent the acceleration component in the x-direction. Let be the second derivative of position y(t) with respect to time t, and represent the acceleration component in the y-direction. Let z(t) be the second derivative of position z(t) with respect to time t, and let z represent the acceleration component in the z direction.

2. The test method for hydraulic erosion of self-expanding particles under seepage stress coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The expanded granular soil samples are processed through drying, sieving, and mixing. The specific steps include: selecting soil samples with expanded granular particles, drying them to remove moisture; then sieving them to remove the sieving particles; and finally, mixing soil samples from different sources or different processing stages.

3. The test method for hydraulic erosion of self-expanding particles under seepage stress coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for establishing a mathematical model based on experimental results and conducting in-depth research on the mechanism and laws of self-expanding particle hydraulic erosion under seepage stress coupling are as follows: Based on the erosion rate and particle motion patterns obtained from statistical analysis, a mathematical model of self-expanding particle hydraulic erosion under seepage stress coupling is constructed. The mathematical model was verified and optimized using computer simulation technology. The optimized mathematical model was then applied to the simulation of hydraulic erosion under different conditions to study the erosion mechanism and law of self-expanding particles under seepage stress coupling.

4. The test method for hydraulic erosion of self-expanding particles under seepage stress coupling as described in claim 3, characterized in that... The key feature is that by comparing the laboratory test results Elab(t) with the actual hydraulic erosion situation Efield(t) in engineering projects, the reliability of the test methods and data is verified, and based on the comparative analysis results, potential geological hazard risks in real-world engineering projects are identified. Rf, whose expression is: in, Rf > 1 indicates the presence of geological hazard risk; finally, based on the analysis results and mathematical model, specific geological hazard prevention measures and engineering design suggestions are proposed.

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