A shield launching device and a shield launching method
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA RAILWAY ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT GROUP CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-14
Smart Images
Figure CN119122550B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel boring equipment, and in particular relates to a shield launching tool and a shield launching method. Background Technology
[0002] Tunnel boring machine (TBM) construction is an important method for tunnel and underground engineering construction. When the TBM is launched, it needs a special launching tool to provide propulsion reaction force. Generally, the launching site needs to be long enough so that construction materials can be hoisted to the rear of the launching tool and then pass through the launching tool from back to front into the assembled negative ring segment.
[0003] However, cities often lack sufficient space for initial construction, resulting in smaller launch shafts for tunnel boring machines (TBMs). This necessitates the assembly of negative semi-ring segments within the launch shaft to facilitate the vertical transport of construction materials. For example, Chinese utility model patent CN214247328U discloses a TBM launch reaction device for use in confined spaces. This device includes a reaction frame, an inclined support behind the reaction frame, and a TBM launch base in front of the reaction frame. Negative semi-ring segments are installed above the launch base. A front reference steel ring and a rear reference steel ring are respectively positioned on the front and rear sides of the negative semi-ring segments. A negative full-ring segment is assembled in front of the front reference steel ring, with the TBM positioned in front of the negative full-ring segment.
[0004] The negative half-ring segment consists only of the lower half of the ring, with an open upper structure. Materials can be directly hoisted from the construction shaft into the negative half-ring segment, thus saving a significant amount of space. During the assembly of the complete ring segment, since the upper half of the segment is not connected to the reaction frame, it cannot provide reaction force to the propulsion cylinders at the top of the tunnel boring machine. In the aforementioned utility model patent, a horizontal steel pipe support is installed between the front and rear reference steel rings. This horizontal steel pipe support sits above the negative half-ring segment to compensate for the lack of support above it.
[0005] However, in the initial stage of tunnel boring machine (TBM) launch, before the negative half-ring segments are assembled, horizontal steel pipe supports cannot provide the TBM with full circumferential reaction force. The reaction force received by the TBM in the circumferential direction is uneven. In addition, due to limited space, the TBM cannot carry subsequent accessories, making it difficult to control the TBM's launch attitude, resulting in the offset of the shield's centerline from the tunnel's central axis. Moreover, in the initial stage, the uneven stress on the negative half-ring segments easily leads to damage to the negative half-ring segments. Uneven stress on the negative half-ring segments can also easily cause misalignment between adjacent segments, which will reduce the sealing effect between segments. Damage and misalignment of the negative half-ring segments will affect the subsequent assembly quality of the full ring segments, making water and soil seepage problems in the tunnel more likely, and even causing surface collapse and safety accidents. Summary of the Invention
[0006] One of the objectives of this invention is to provide a shield tunneling machine launching tool to solve the technical problems in the prior art where the attitude of the shield machine is difficult to adjust in the early stage of launching and the damage and misalignment of the negative half-ring segments due to uneven stress.
[0007] Another objective of this invention is to provide a method for initiating a tunnel boring machine (TBM) to solve the aforementioned technical problems.
[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution for the shield tunneling launching tooling provided by this invention is as follows:
[0009] A shield tunneling machine launching fixture includes a launching reaction frame and a semi-ring segment support frame for supporting the negative semi-ring segment. It also includes a guide frame connected in front of the launching reaction frame and located above the semi-ring segment support frame. The guide frame has a material passage space for material to pass through in the vertical direction, or at least one side of the guide frame has a material passage space. A propulsion reaction frame is detachably fixed to the guide frame. When the propulsion reaction frame is fixedly connected to the guide frame, it is used to provide propulsion reaction force for the shield machine together with the negative semi-ring segment below. When the propulsion reaction frame is released from the guide frame, it can slide back and forth along the guide frame. The guide frame has multiple front-to-back fixed positions to fix the propulsion reaction frame after it slides into place.
[0010] As a further improvement, the guide frame is provided in two sets, and the two sets of guide frames are arranged laterally at intervals. The space between the two sets of guide frames constitutes the passage space. The propulsion reaction frame includes a main body and sliding parts located on both sides of the main body. The sliding parts are detachably and fixedly connected to the corresponding guide frame and can slide back and forth relative to the guide frame after the fixed connection is released.
[0011] As a further improvement, the main body includes a main frame and a support frame located in front of the main frame. The support frame is used to extend into the tail shield of the tunnel boring machine and cooperate with or be fixedly connected to the corresponding propulsion cylinder. The support frame is an arc-shaped structure and has one support frame, or the support frame is a columnar structure and has at least two support frames arranged in a circumferential direction.
[0012] As a further improvement, the support frame is provided with at least three supports, each of which is equipped with a bracket. The bracket includes a support part for supporting the support frame and a fixing part for fixing to the tail shield of the tunnel boring machine during the launching process.
[0013] As a further improvement, a set of guide frames includes at least two guide rails that guide a single-sided sliding part, and each guide rail is arranged vertically. The single-sided sliding part includes at least two vertically arranged parts, and each sliding part can slide back and forth along the corresponding guide rail.
[0014] As a further improvement, a set of guide frames includes at least two pairs of guide beams, with the two guide beams of the same pair arranged vertically, and the space between the two guide beams of the same pair forming a guide slide.
[0015] As a further improvement, a reinforcing body is fixedly connected between two adjacent guide beams in different pairs.
[0016] As a further improvement, the sliding part and the guide frame are fixed by fixing bolts. Both the sliding part and the guide frame are provided with connecting holes for installing fixing bolts. The guide frame is provided with multiple connecting holes along the front-back direction, and each connecting hole constitutes a fixed position. Alternatively, the connecting holes are arranged in groups, and the guide frame is provided with multiple groups of connecting holes along the front-back direction, and each group of connecting holes constitutes a fixed position.
[0017] As a further improvement, the front end of the guide frame is used to cooperate with the corresponding propulsion cylinder of the tunnel boring machine to push forward, and the guide frame is also equipped with a drive device for driving the propulsion reaction frame to move forward along the guide frame.
[0018] As a further improvement, the drive unit includes a stepping reaction frame located behind the propulsion reaction frame. A stepping cylinder is connected between the stepping reaction frame and the propulsion reaction frame. The stepping reaction frame is detachably and fixedly connected to the guide frame. When the stepping reaction frame is fixedly connected to the guide frame, it is used to provide reaction force for the stepping cylinder. When the stepping reaction frame is released from the guide frame, it can slide back and forth along the guide frame. The guide frame is provided with multiple mounting positions arranged back and forth to fix the stepping reaction frame after it slides into place.
[0019] As a further improvement, the main frame includes an arched beam and a horizontal beam. The horizontal beam is fixedly connected to the arched top of the arched beam. Sliding parts are provided at both ends of the horizontal beam and both ends of the arched beam. The support frame is set on the arched beam.
[0020] As a further improvement, the front end of the guide frame is provided with a front end connection part for fixing to the well wall of the launching well.
[0021] The beneficial effects are as follows: The shield tunneling machine launching fixture provided by this invention is an improvement on the existing technology. This invention provides supporting reaction force to the propulsion cylinders of the upper part of the shield machine by setting up a propulsion reaction frame, while the lower part of the shield machine is supported by the negative half-ring segments, ensuring that the shield machine is subjected to uniform force throughout the entire circumference, which is beneficial for the attitude control of the shield machine; at the same time, each negative half-ring segment is also subjected to uniform force, preventing damage and misalignment of the negative half-ring segments, ensuring high construction quality, and improving construction safety.
[0022] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the shield tunneling initiation method provided by this invention is as follows:
[0023] A method for launching a tunnel boring machine (TBM) involves installing a launching reaction frame and a launching guide tunnel on opposite side walls of the launching shaft after excavation. During the launching process, the propulsion cylinders at the bottom of the TBM abut against the negative half-ring segments. Before launching, a guide frame is installed between the side wall where the launching guide tunnel is located and the opposite side wall, or between the guide frame and the launching reaction frame. The propulsion reaction frame is detachably fixed on the guide frame. During the launching process, at least some of the propulsion cylinders at the top of the TBM abut against the propulsion reaction frame. The propulsion reaction frame and the negative half-ring segments together provide propulsion reaction force for the TBM. After the TBM advances a certain distance, the fixation between the propulsion reaction frame and the guide frame is released, allowing the propulsion reaction frame to move forward a certain distance before being re-fixed to the guide frame, thus achieving the stepping of the propulsion reaction frame.
[0024] As a further improvement, the tunnel boring machine advances a distance equal to the width of one ring of tunnel segments each time. After each advance, the negative half-ring of tunnel segments is assembled, and the reaction frame is moved forward at the same time.
[0025] As a further improvement, when assembling the first full-ring segment, the propulsion reaction frame no longer moves forward, but instead provides support for the first full-ring segment from behind.
[0026] As a further improvement, the extension of each propulsion cylinder is adjusted according to the earth pressure distribution in front of the tunnel boring machine during the propulsion process, thereby controlling the propulsion posture of the tunnel boring machine.
[0027] As a further improvement, in the case of starting on a downhill slope, the angle between the extension direction of the guide frame and the horizontal direction is smaller than the angle between the tunneling direction of the tunnel boring machine and the horizontal direction.
[0028] The beneficial effects are as follows: The shield tunneling initiation method provided by this invention is an improvement on the existing technology. This invention utilizes a propulsion reaction frame to provide supporting reaction force for the propulsion cylinders of the upper part of the shield machine, while the lower part of the shield machine is supported by the negative half-ring segments, ensuring that the shield machine can be subjected to uniform force throughout the entire circumference, which is beneficial to the attitude control of the shield machine; at the same time, each negative half-ring segment can also be subjected to uniform force, preventing damage and misalignment of the negative half-ring segments, ensuring high construction quality, and improving construction safety. Attached Figure Description
[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the shield tunneling launching tooling in this invention;
[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the usage state of Embodiment 1 of the shield tunneling launching tool in this invention;
[0031] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view along AA;
[0032] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A cross-sectional view along BB;
[0033] Figure 5 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the shield tunneling launching tooling in this invention;
[0034] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A view from the center (C direction).
[0035] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:
[0036] 1. Starting reaction frame; 2. Guide frame; 21. Guide beam; 22. Guide slide; 23. Support rib; 3. Propulsion reaction frame; 31. Main body; 311. Main frame; 3111. Horizontal beam; 3112. Arch beam; 312. Support frame; 32. Sliding part; 4. Drive device; 41. Stepping reaction frame; 411. Reaction beam; 412. Guide mating part; 42. Stepping cylinder; 43. Hydraulic pump station; 5. Fixing bolts; 6. Bracket; 7. Shield 71. Cutterhead; 72. Tail shield; 73. Propulsion cylinder; 74. Tail shield wire brush; 75. Tail shield steel plate brush; 76. Segment assembly machine; 77. Screw conveyor; 78. Support shoe; 8. Launch shaft; 81. Launch pilot tunnel; 82. Launch excavation face; 83. Launch sealing ring; 84. Reinforced foundation; 85. Launch guide platform; 86. Semi-ring segment support frame; 87. Negative semi-ring segment; 88. Retaining structure; 9. Temporary muck receiving trolley; 10. Temporary segment trolley. Detailed Implementation
[0037] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.
[0038] To address the problems in the existing technology, the basic concept of this invention is to provide supporting reaction force to the propulsion cylinder of the upper part of the tunnel boring machine, so as to ensure that the tunnel boring machine and the negative half ring segment can be subjected to uniform force, thereby improving construction efficiency and ensuring construction quality.
[0039] Specific embodiment 1 of the shield tunneling starting tooling provided by the present invention:
[0040] The shield tunneling launching tooling is installed inside launching shaft 8. See attached document. Figure 1The launching shaft 8 includes a vertical shaft, with a retaining structure 88 installed around its inner circumference. The inner wall of the retaining structure 88 forms the inner wall of the launching shaft 8. A launching guide tunnel 81 is excavated on one side wall of the launching shaft 8, and the bottom of the launching guide tunnel 81 is the launching excavation face 82. A launching sealing ring 83 is installed inside the launching guide tunnel 81, which is used to seal against the outer circumference of the tunnel boring machine 7. A reinforced foundation 84 is provided at the bottom of the launching guide tunnel 81, and a launching platform 85 for supporting the tunnel boring machine 7 is provided on the upper side of the reinforced foundation 84. The launching platform 85 is adjacent to the side wall of the launching guide tunnel 81 of the launching shaft 8, and a cushion layer is provided on the side of the launching platform 85 away from the launching guide tunnel 81.
[0041] The shield tunneling launching fixture includes a launching reaction frame 1, a guide frame 2, a propulsion reaction frame 3, and a semi-ring segment support frame 86. The semi-ring segment support frame 86 is located above the cushion layer, and negative semi-ring segments 87 are arranged sequentially in the front-to-back direction above the semi-ring segment support frame 86.
[0042] The starting reaction frame 1 is fixed on the opposite side wall of the starting guide tunnel 81 of the starting well 8. The lower end of the starting reaction frame 1 is fixedly connected to the semi-ring segment support frame 86. The starting reaction frame 1 is directly opposite the starting guide tunnel 81. The rear side wall of the negative semi-ring segment 87 at the last end is press-fitted with the starting reaction frame 1.
[0043] Combined with appendix Figure 4 Two sets of guide frames 2 are provided, arranged at intervals along the transverse direction (i.e., the left-right direction of the tunnel boring machine 7). During the initial operation, the two sets of guide frames 2 are positioned diagonally above the sides of the tunnel boring machine 7. Placing the guide frames 2 on both sides of the tunnel boring machine 7 creates a passage space between the two sets of guide frames 2, above the negative half-ring segment 87, allowing materials to pass through in the vertical direction. This facilitates the vertical lifting of materials and effectively improves construction efficiency.
[0044] The guide frame 2 includes two pairs of guide beams 21, which are made of H-beams. One end of each guide beam 21 is fixedly connected to the starting reaction frame 1, and the other end of each guide beam 21 is fixed to the side wall of the starting guide tunnel 81 of the starting well 8 via a front-end connecting part. The two pairs of guide beams 21 are arranged vertically, and the two guide beams 21 in the same pair are also arranged vertically. The space between the two guide beams 21 in the same pair forms a guide slide 22. A reinforcing body is fixedly connected between two adjacent guide beams in different pairs. The reinforcing body is specifically a support rib plate 23. The reinforcing body can enhance the overall strength of the guide frame 2. In other embodiments, the reinforcing body can also be a support column or a diagonal brace. In other embodiments, when the strength of the guide beams 21 is large or only one pair of guide beams 21 is provided, the reinforcing body may not be provided.
[0045] See appendix Figure 4 and attached Figure 5The propulsion reaction frame 3 is positioned between the two sets of guide frames 2. The propulsion reaction frame 3 includes a main body 31 and a sliding part 32. The main body 31 includes a main frame 311 and four support frames 312, each columnar and extending outwards from the front of the main frame 311. Specifically, the main frame 311 includes an arched beam 3112 and horizontally extending horizontal beams 3111. The horizontal beams 3111 are fixedly connected to the arch apex of the arched beams 3112. Each support frame 312 is fixedly connected to the arched beams 3112 and evenly spaced along the arched beams 3112. During the initial operation, each support frame 312 provides support for the propulsion cylinders 73 on the upper part of the tunnel boring machine 7. The horizontal beams 3111 provide support at the arch apex of the arched beams 3112, ensuring high structural strength of the main frame 311.
[0046] Sliding parts 32 are provided at both ends of the horizontal beam 3111 and both ends of the arched beam 3112. Therefore, two vertically arranged sliding parts 32 are provided on both sides of the entire main body 31. The sliding parts 32 are located between the corresponding guide beams 21 (i.e., within the corresponding guide rails 22). Specifically, the sliding parts 32 on the horizontal beam 3111 are located between the two upper guide beams 21, and the sliding parts 32 on the arched beam 3112 are located between the two lower guide beams 21. The upper and lower sides of the sliding parts 32 are in contact with the corresponding guide beams 21 and are limited in the vertical direction. The sliding parts 32 can move along the extension direction of the guide beams 21. A first detachable fixing structure is provided between the sliding part 32 and the guide frame 2. The first detachable fixing structure includes a fixing bolt 5. Both the sliding part 32 and the corresponding guide beam 21 are provided with connecting holes for installing the fixing bolt 5. The connecting holes are arranged in groups. The sliding part 32 is provided with a set of connecting holes, and the guide beam 21 is provided with multiple sets of connecting holes at intervals along its extension direction, so that the sliding part 32 can be fixedly connected to the guide beam 21 at multiple positions.
[0047] When the propulsion reaction frame 3 is fixedly connected to the guide frame 2, the propulsion reaction frame 3 can provide stable support reaction force for the propulsion of the tunnel boring machine 7. When the propulsion reaction frame 3 is released from the fixed connection with the guide frame 2, the propulsion reaction frame 3 can be pushed forward to prepare for the next propulsion of the tunnel boring machine 7.
[0048] The guide frame 2 is equipped with a drive device 4 for driving the propulsion reaction frame 3 to move forward along the guide frame 2. See Appendix for details. Figure 1 and attached Figure 5The driving device 4 includes a stepping reaction frame 41 located behind the propulsion reaction frame 3. The stepping reaction frame 41 is located between two sets of guide frames 2. The stepping reaction frame 41 includes a laterally extending reaction beam 411 and guide engagement parts 412 located at both ends of the reaction beam 411. The guide engagement parts 412 are guided and engaged with the guide frames 2 on the corresponding side. A second detachable fixing structure is also provided between the guide engagement parts 412 and the guide frames 2 on the corresponding side. The form of the second detachable fixing structure is similar to that of the first detachable fixing structure, and will not be described in detail here.
[0049] The drive unit 4 also includes a stepping cylinder 42 located between the stepping reaction frame 41 and the propulsion reaction frame 3. The two ends of the stepping cylinder 42 are hinged to the stepping reaction frame 41 and the propulsion reaction frame 3, respectively. Two stepping cylinders 42 are provided, located at both ends of the reaction beam 411. In other embodiments, the number of stepping cylinders 42 may be one, three, or four. The stepping cylinder 42 is equipped with a hydraulic pump station 43, which is mounted on top of the horizontal beam 3111 of the propulsion reaction frame 3.
[0050] See appendix Figure 2 During the preparation phase of the initial operation, the tunnel boring machine 7 is assembled on the launching platform 85. The cutterhead 71 of the tunnel boring machine 7 extends into the launching tunnel 81 and connects with the launching excavation face 82. (See attached diagram) Figure 3 The support shoes 78 of the six propulsion cylinders 73 at the bottom of the tunnel boring machine 7 rest on the negative half-ring segment 87. The four support frames 312 on the propulsion reaction frame 3 and the negative half-ring segment 87 are on the same circumference. The four support frames 312 extend forward into the tail shield 72 of the tunnel boring machine 7, and the support shoes 78 of the corresponding four propulsion cylinders 73 at the top of the tunnel boring machine 7 rest on the support frames 312. There is space between the propulsion reaction frame 3 and the negative half-ring segment 87 for pipeline arrangement. Therefore, two propulsion cylinders 73 at the top of the tunnel boring machine 7 are unsupported and do not function during the propulsion of the tunnel boring machine 7. In other embodiments, six support frames 312 can also be provided to support each propulsion cylinder 73 located at the top of the tunnel boring machine 7. In this embodiment, the pipeline is arranged inside the negative half-ring segment 87.
[0051] During the forward advancement of the tunnel boring machine 7, the supported propulsion cylinders 73 extend. After advancing one ring distance, each propulsion cylinder 73 retracts. At this time, a space is created between the propulsion cylinders 73 at the bottom of the tunnel boring machine 7 and the original negative half-ring segment 87, allowing the segment assembly machine 76 to assemble a new negative half-ring segment 87. A space is also created between the propulsion cylinders 73 at the top of the tunnel boring machine 7 and the propulsion reaction frame 3, facilitating the forward movement of the propulsion reaction frame 3. During the forward movement of the propulsion reaction frame 3, the fixing bolts 5 between the propulsion reaction frame 3 and the guide frame 2 must first be removed, allowing the propulsion reaction frame 3 to move along the guide frame 2. Then, the fixed connection between the stepping reaction frame 41 and the guide frame 2 is maintained, and the stepping cylinder 42 extends, during which the propulsion reaction frame 3 will be pushed forward. Finally, when the propulsion reaction frame 3 reaches the predetermined position, the fixing bolts 5 are used to reconnect the propulsion reaction frame 3 to the guide frame 2. Before or after the push reaction frame 3 moves, it is necessary to maintain the fixed connection between the push reaction frame 3 and the guide frame 2. The fixing bolts 5 between the step reaction frame 41 and the guide frame 2 are removed so that the step reaction frame 41 can move along the guide frame 2. Then, the step cylinder 42 is retracted to pull the step reaction frame 41 forward. After the step reaction frame 41 reaches the predetermined position, the fixing bolts 5 are used to fix the step reaction frame 41 and the guide frame 2 to prepare for the next forward movement of the push reaction frame 3.
[0052] By utilizing the shield tunneling machine launching fixture of this invention, continuous circumferential support can be provided to the shield machine 7 during its launching process. This ensures, on the one hand, a more uniform reaction force on the shield machine 7 in the circumferential direction, which is more conducive to the control of the shield machine 7's attitude; on the other hand, it also makes the stress on the negative half-ring segment 87 more uniform, avoiding damage and misalignment of the negative half-ring segment 87, effectively improving construction quality. With better attitude control of the shield machine 7 and improved construction quality, the probability of water and soil seepage and surface collapse in the tunnel will be significantly reduced, thereby improving construction safety.
[0053] In particular, when the tunnel boring machine 7 exhibits a head-up phenomenon or a tendency to head up, the tunnel boring machine launching tooling in this invention, compared with the prior art, can provide a supporting reaction force for the upper part of the tunnel boring machine 7, thereby better suppressing the head-up of the tunnel boring machine 7.
[0054] When starting downhill in a small shaft opening, because the tunnel boring machine (TBM) 7 cannot be launched with its rear trailer, its rear end cannot receive sufficient traction force. Furthermore, the front end of the TBM 7 is significantly heavier than its rear end, making it prone to head-down (or "nose-down") phenomena. Head-down requires stopping the machine for adjustments, which are difficult and must be avoided as much as possible during tunneling. To address this issue, the angle between the extension direction of the guide frame 2 and the horizontal direction can be slightly smaller than the angle between the tunneling direction of the TBM 7 and the horizontal direction. This balances the forces on the TBM 7 and prevents head-down. The installation angle of the guide frame 2 can be determined based on geological conditions.
[0055] See appendix Figure 2 During excavation and muck removal, the temporary muck-receiving trolley 9 is hoisted directly from above the launching shaft 8 onto the negative half-ring segment 87. Then, the temporary muck-receiving trolley 9 moves forward to the rear of the screw conveyor 77 to receive the muck. After receiving the muck, it moves backward and is hoisted directly out from the launching shaft 8. The temporary muck-receiving trolley 9 has a short travel distance and high muck removal efficiency. After each ring of tunneling, the tunnel boring machine 7 hoists a single segment from above the launching shaft 8 onto the temporary segment trolley 10, which then transports the segment to the grabbing area below the segment assembler 76. The segment assembler 76 then completes the assembly of the negative half-ring segment 87.
[0056] The propulsion cylinder 73 of the tunnel boring machine 7 cannot extend the tail shield 72. During operation, please refer to the appendix. Figure 5 and attached Figure 6 The support frame 312 can extend forward into the tail shield 72 to provide support for the propulsion cylinder 73. Each support frame 312 is a hollow column to reduce weight. However, to ensure the stability of each support frame 312, a bracket 6 is installed at the tail shield 72 of the tunnel boring machine 7. The bracket 6 has a U-shaped structure, including a support part located below the support frame 312 to support the support frame 312, and fixing parts located at both ends of the support part for fixed connection with the tail shield 72. The tail shield 72 of the tunnel boring machine 7 is usually equipped with a tail wire brush 74 and a tail steel plate brush 75 to ensure a good seal between the tail shield 72 and the tunnel segments. In the initial stage of launch, the tail wire brush 74 and the tail steel plate brush 75 cannot function and will rub against the support frame 312, causing the tunnel boring machine 7 to have greater propulsion resistance. Therefore, in the initial stage of launch, the tail wire brush 74 and the tail steel plate brush 75 at the location of the support frame 312 are removed and then reinstalled before assembling the full ring tunnel segments.
[0057] In other embodiments, the first and second detachable fixing structures can also be pins, which are inserted into the corresponding connecting holes and a stop pin is provided at the upper end of the pin to prevent the pin from falling off.
[0058] In other implementations, three or four guide rails may be provided as needed to enhance the support effect on the propulsion reaction frame. When the propulsion reaction frame is relatively light, only one guide rail may be provided.
[0059] In other embodiments, the bracket may also be an L-shaped structure, wherein a fixing part is provided only at one end of the supporting part.
[0060] In other embodiments, the front end of the guide frame is not fixed to the side wall of the launching shaft. Instead, a portal frame is set at the front end of the guide frame, the portal frame is fixedly installed at the bottom of the launching shaft, and then the guide frame is fixedly connected to the portal frame.
[0061] Specific embodiment 2 of the shield tunneling starting tooling provided by the present invention:
[0062] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, but differs from Embodiment 1 in that the guide frame in this embodiment further includes a guide rail and a rack, the drive device includes a sliding seat that guides and cooperates with the guide rail, a motor and a gearbox are mounted on the sliding seat, the motor is connected to the input end of the gearbox, the output end of the gearbox is connected to a gear that meshes with the rack, and a pushing part that cooperates with the push reaction frame is fixedly provided on the sliding seat.
[0063] When it is necessary to push the propulsion reaction frame forward, the motor is started. The motor drives the gear to rotate through the reduction gearbox. The rack provides the reaction force to the gear, thereby moving the sliding seat forward, which in turn pushes the propulsion reaction frame forward.
[0064] Specific embodiment 3 of the shield tunneling launching fixture provided by the present invention:
[0065] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the main frame is a horizontally extending straight structure with a large dimension in both the vertical and horizontal directions, so that each support frame can be fixed on the main frame.
[0066] Moreover, in this embodiment, only one pair of guide beams are provided, that is, the guide frame has only one guide slide, and only one sliding part is provided at each of the left and right ends of the main frame, and the sliding part is located at the center position of the main frame in the vertical direction.
[0067] Specific embodiment 4 of the shield tunneling starting tooling provided by the present invention:
[0068] This embodiment is based on embodiment 1. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that in other embodiments, the guide frame is composed of two I-shaped rails, each rail forming a guide slide. In this embodiment, the sliding part of the propulsion reaction frame is provided with a T-shaped groove that cooperates with the rail, and the guide mating part of the stepping reaction frame is also provided with a T-shaped groove that cooperates with the rail.
[0069] In this embodiment, the first detachable fixing structure and the second detachable fixing structure include fixing bolts, and connecting holes for installing fixing bolts are provided on the track, the sliding part, and the guide mating part.
[0070] Specific embodiment 5 of the shield tunneling launching fixture provided by the present invention:
[0071] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that only one set of guide frames is provided, and the guide frames are located directly above the semi-negative ring tube segment. Materials can be hoisted into the semi-negative ring tube segment from both sides of the guide frames.
[0072] In this embodiment, the guide frame is an inverted T-shaped hanging rail. The sliding part on the propulsion reaction frame is located at its top and has an inverted T-shaped groove that cooperates with the guide rail. The guide fitting part on the stepping reaction frame is located at its top and has an inverted T-shaped groove that cooperates with the guide rail. Both the propulsion reaction frame and the stepping reaction frame are suspended below the hanging rail.
[0073] In this embodiment, the tunnel diameter is relatively large, so there is enough space on both sides of the guide frame to vertically hoist materials. Therefore, in this embodiment, the space on both sides of the guide frame constitutes a passage space for materials to pass through in the vertical direction.
[0074] Specific embodiment 6 of the shield tunneling starting tooling provided by the present invention:
[0075] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the guide frame in this embodiment is a rectangular frame structure, and the guide slide is set on the two opposite long sides of the frame structure. Therefore, in this embodiment, the space inside the guide frame constitutes a passage space.
[0076] Specific embodiment 7 of the shield tunneling starting tooling provided by the present invention:
[0077] This embodiment is based on embodiment 1. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that no driving device is provided in this embodiment. The front end of the support frame is provided with a mounting hole. Before use, the front end of the support frame is fixedly connected to the support shoe of the corresponding propulsion cylinder by bolts.
[0078] After the tunnel boring machine (TBM) advances a certain distance, the fixing bolts on the propulsion reaction frame are first removed. Then, the TBM's propulsion cylinders retract, simultaneously driving the propulsion reaction frame forward. Finally, after the propulsion cylinders retract into place, the propulsion reaction frame is fixedly connected to the guide frame.
[0079] Specific embodiment 1 of the shield tunneling initiation method provided by the present invention:
[0080] The method for launching this tunnel boring machine is described in the appendix. Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 After excavating the starting shaft 8, maintenance structures 88 and foundation reinforcement 84 are constructed inside the starting shaft 8. Starting reaction frames 1 and starting guide tunnels 81 are installed on opposite side walls inside the starting shaft 8. Guide frames 2 are installed between the side wall where the starting guide tunnel 81 is located and the opposite side wall or between the starting guide tunnel 81 and the starting reaction frame 1. The propulsion reaction frame 3 is detachably fixed on the guide frame 2. During the initial excavation, the propulsion cylinder 73 at the bottom of the shield machine 7 abuts against the negative half-ring segment 87, and the propulsion cylinder 73 at the top of the shield machine 7 abuts against the propulsion reaction frame 3. After the shield machine 7 advances a certain distance, the fixation between the propulsion reaction frame 3 and the guide frame 2 is released. After the propulsion reaction frame 3 is pushed forward a certain distance, it is fixed back to the guide frame 2, realizing the stepping of the propulsion reaction frame 3 and preparing for the next advance of the shield machine 7.
[0081] The tunnel boring machine 7 advances a distance equal to the width of one ring segment each time. After each advance, the negative half-ring segment 87 is assembled, and the reaction frame 3 moves forward at the same time.
[0082] During each advance of the tunnel boring machine 7, the extension of each propulsion cylinder 73 can be adjusted according to the earth pressure distribution in front of the tunnel boring machine 7, thereby controlling the advancement posture of the tunnel boring machine. Specifically, earth pressure sensors can be installed at different positions at the front end of the tunnel boring machine 7. The earth pressure sensors transmit the detected data to the control system, and the control system analyzes the data before controlling each propulsion cylinder 73.
[0083] When assembling the first full-ring segment, the propulsion reaction frame 3 no longer moves forward; instead, it provides support for the first full-ring segment from behind. In this embodiment, the first full-ring segment is the first positive full-ring segment inside the tunnel.
[0084] In this embodiment, the tunnel boring machine 7 is excavating downhill and starting downhill, and the underlying strata are relatively soft. Therefore, in order to suppress the head-down phenomenon of the tunnel boring machine 7, the angle between the extension direction of the guide frame and the horizontal direction is smaller than the angle between the tunneling direction of the tunnel boring machine and the horizontal direction in this embodiment.
[0085] Specific embodiment 2 of the shield tunneling initiation method provided by the present invention:
[0086] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that in this embodiment, the distance that the tunnel boring machine advances each time is equal to the width of the two ring segments.
[0087] Specific embodiment 3 of the shield tunneling initiation method provided by the present invention:
[0088] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the first ring full-ring segment in this embodiment is the first ring negative full-ring segment located outside the tunnel, inside the launching shaft or the launching pilot tunnel.
[0089] Specific embodiment 4 of the shield tunneling initiation method provided by the present invention:
[0090] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the geological conditions in this embodiment are relatively stable, so it is not necessary to adjust the extension of the propulsion cylinder according to the earth pressure.
[0091] Specific embodiment 5 of the shield tunneling initiation method provided by the present invention:
[0092] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the tunnel boring machine in this embodiment is excavating horizontally and starting horizontally. Moreover, the geological conditions are better, so the extension direction of the guide frame and the tunnel boring machine excavation direction can be kept in the same direction.
[0093] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still make modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments without creative effort, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A shield tunneling machine launching fixture, comprising a launching reaction frame and a semi-ring segment support frame for supporting the negative semi-ring segments, characterized in that, It also includes a guide frame connected in front of the starting reaction frame and located above the semi-ring segment support frame. The propulsion reaction frame is detachably fixed on the guide frame. When the propulsion reaction frame is released from the guide frame, it can slide back and forth along the guide frame. The guide frame has multiple front and rear fixed positions to fix the propulsion reaction frame after it slides into place. The propulsion reaction frame is used to provide support reaction force for the propulsion cylinder of the upper part of the tunnel boring machine. When the propulsion reaction frame is fixedly connected to the guide frame, it is used together with the negative semi-ring segment below to provide propulsion reaction force for the tunnel boring machine. There is a material passage space on the guide frame or between the guide frames for materials to pass through in the vertical direction.
2. The shield tunneling launching fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide frame is provided in two sets, and the two sets of guide frames are arranged laterally at intervals. The space between the two sets of guide frames constitutes the passage space. The propulsion reaction frame includes a main body and sliding parts located on both sides of the main body. The sliding parts are detachably and fixedly connected to the corresponding guide frame and can slide back and forth relative to the guide frame after the fixed connection is released.
3. The shield tunneling launching fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that, The main body includes a main frame and a support frame located in front of the main frame. The support frame is used to extend into the tail shield of the tunnel boring machine and cooperate with or be fixedly connected to the corresponding propulsion cylinder. The support frame is an arc-shaped structure and has one support frame, or the support frame is a columnar structure and has at least two support frames arranged along the circumference.
4. The shield tunneling launching fixture according to claim 3, characterized in that, The support frame has at least three parts, and each support frame is equipped with a bracket. The bracket includes a support part for supporting the support frame and a fixing part for fixing the tail shield of the tunnel boring machine during the launching process.
5. The shield tunneling machine launching fixture according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, A set of guide frames includes at least two guide rails that guide a sliding part on one side, and each guide rail is arranged vertically. The sliding part on one side includes at least two sliding parts arranged vertically, and each sliding part can slide back and forth along the corresponding guide rail.
6. The shield tunneling launching fixture according to claim 5, characterized in that, A set of guide frames includes at least two pairs of guide beams, with the two guide beams of the same pair arranged vertically, and the space between the two guide beams of the same pair forming a guide slide.
7. The shield tunneling launching fixture according to claim 6, characterized in that, A reinforcing body is fixedly connected between two adjacent guide beams that are not in the same pair.
8. The shield tunneling machine launching fixture according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, The sliding part and the guide frame are fixed by fixing bolts. Both the sliding part and the guide frame are provided with connecting holes for installing fixing bolts. The guide frame is provided with multiple connecting holes along the front-back direction, and each connecting hole constitutes a fixing position. Alternatively, the connecting holes are arranged in groups, and the guide frame is provided with multiple groups of connecting holes along the front-back direction, and each group of connecting holes constitutes a fixing position.
9. The shield tunneling machine launching fixture according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The front end of the guide frame is used to cooperate with the corresponding propulsion cylinder of the tunnel boring machine to push forward. The guide frame is also equipped with a drive device for driving the propulsion reaction frame to move forward along the guide frame.
10. The shield tunneling launching fixture according to claim 9, characterized in that, The drive unit includes a stepping reaction frame located behind the propulsion reaction frame. A stepping cylinder is connected between the stepping reaction frame and the propulsion reaction frame. The stepping reaction frame is detachably and fixedly connected to the guide frame. When the stepping reaction frame is fixedly connected to the guide frame, it is used to provide reaction force for the stepping cylinder. When the stepping reaction frame is released from the guide frame, it can slide back and forth along the guide frame. The guide frame is provided with multiple mounting positions arranged back and forth to fix the stepping reaction frame after it slides into place.
11. The shield tunneling launching fixture according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The main frame consists of an arched beam and a horizontal beam. The horizontal beam is fixedly connected to the arched beam at the top of the arch. Sliding parts are provided at both ends of the horizontal beam and both ends of the arched beam. The support frame is set on the arched beam.
12. The shield tunneling launching fixture according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The front end of the guide frame is provided with a front-end connection part for fixing to the well wall of the launching well.
13. A method for launching a tunnel boring machine (TBM), comprising, after excavating a launching shaft, installing launching reaction frames and excavating launching pilot tunnels on opposite side walls within the launching shaft, characterized in that, Before the initial excavation, a guide frame is installed between one side wall of the starting tunnel and the opposite side wall, or between the guide frame and the starting reaction frame. During installation, a material passage space is left on the guide frame or between the guide frames for materials to pass through in the vertical direction. A detachable and slidable propulsion reaction frame is installed on the guide frame relative to the guide frame. During the initial excavation, the propulsion reaction frame is fixed to the guide frame. At least part of the propulsion cylinders on the upper part of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) rests against the propulsion reaction frame, and the propulsion cylinders on the lower part of the TBM rest against the negative half-ring segment. The propulsion reaction frame and the negative half-ring segment together provide propulsion reaction force for the TBM. After the TBM advances a certain distance, the fixation between the propulsion reaction frame and the guide frame is released, allowing the propulsion reaction frame to move forward a certain distance before being fixed back to the guide frame, thus realizing the stepping of the propulsion reaction frame.
14. The shield tunneling initiation method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The tunnel boring machine advances a distance equal to the width of one ring of tunnel segments each time. After each advance, the negative half-ring of tunnel segments is assembled, and the reaction frame moves forward at the same time.
15. The shield tunneling initiation method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that, When assembling the first full-ring segment, the propulsion reaction frame no longer moves forward, and it provides support for the first full-ring segment from behind.
16. The shield tunneling initiation method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that, During the advancement process, the extension of each propulsion cylinder is adjusted according to the earth pressure distribution in front of the tunnel boring machine to control the advancement posture of the tunnel boring machine.
17. The shield tunneling initiation method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that, When starting from a downhill slope, the angle between the extension direction of the guide frame and the horizontal direction is smaller than the angle between the tunneling direction of the tunnel boring machine and the horizontal direction.