Piston, crankshaft mechanism and method for changing crankshaft rotation angle to be distributed to piston stroke through swing arm

Abstract

The piston and crankshaft mechanism comprises a rack, a cylinder assembly, a piston, a connecting rod assembly and a crankshaft assembly, and is characterized in that the connecting rod assembly comprises an upper connecting rod, a lower connecting rod and a swing arm, the upper end of the upper connecting rod is hinged to the piston, and the lower end of the upper connecting rod and the upper end of the lower connecting rod are jointly hinged to a far-end hole of the swing arm; the lower end of the lower connecting rod is hinged with a crank of the crankshaft assembly; the piston is arranged at the upper dead center position, a sliding groove is formed in the machine frame with the far-end hole of the swing arm as the center, a sliding block is arranged in the sliding groove, the sliding block is hinged to the near-end hole of the swing arm, and the sliding block is connected with a driving device. The invention further discloses a method for distributing the crank angle to the piston stroke through the swing arm. The device can be widely applied to gasoline and diesel engines, air compressors and the like to adapt to different working conditions, has the advantages of reasonably reducing noise and improving fuel economy, and prolongs the service life of equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of power equipment manufacturing, and more specifically to a piston and crankshaft mechanism and a method for using a swing arm to change the crankshaft rotation angle and distribute it to a piston stroke. Background Art

[0002] A reciprocating piston internal combustion engine is a power device that converts the chemical energy of fuel into the mechanical energy of piston movement and outputs power to the outside. It generally includes an engine body and at least one cylinder, and a crankshaft mechanism. With the rapid development of science and technology, people have put forward higher technical requirements for the structure and application of automobile engines. For example, the patent CN114753922A applied by the inventor relates to the technical field of a power machine, a double-connecting rod crank piston mechanism, including a cylinder body, a piston, a crankshaft and a frame, characterized in that: a double connecting rod is hinged between the piston and the crankshaft, the hinged ends of the inner connecting rod and the outer connecting rod are hinged to the slider or the swing arm at the same time, the slider is slidably connected to the guide rail, the swing arm is hinged to the frame, and the other end of the outer connecting rod is hinged to the crankshaft handle; the piston stroke is more than twice the length of the crankshaft handle, and the piston upward and downward running speeds differ by 1.4-3 times. These designs are all principle structures. After years of repeated experimental tests, we found that claim 9 of the original application (Figure 18 and Example 6) disclosed a double-connecting rod crank piston mechanism: the swing arm hinge point is set on the arc rack, and the driving gear engaged with the arc rack drives the arc rack to swing around the low end point of the inner connecting rod. The purpose of this small swing of the swing arm hinge point is to change the stroke of the piston, resulting in a change in the compression ratio, which is beneficial for the engine to be suitable for various power outputs. In practice, it is found that this structure has a better effect, that is, the hinge point of the swing arm and the box body is swung slightly around the lower hinge point of the swing arm and the upper connecting rod. When the piston of the cylinder remains at the top dead center, the working angle of the crank can be greatly changed. For this reason, we have redesigned a piston and crankshaft mechanism. Summary of the invention

[0003] Firstly, a piston and crankshaft mechanism is provided, which can change the angles of the four strokes of the piston during crank operation, improve the operation condition and service life of the mechanism, and disclose a method of using a swing arm to change the crankshaft angle allocated to the piston stroke.

[0004] The present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a piston and crankshaft mechanism, including a frame, a cylinder assembly, a piston, a connecting rod assembly and a crankshaft assembly, characterized in that the connecting rod assembly includes an upper connecting rod, a lower connecting rod and a swing arm, the upper end of the upper connecting rod is hinged to the piston, the lower end of the upper connecting rod and the upper end of the lower connecting rod are jointly hinged to the distal hole of the swing arm, and the lower end of the lower connecting rod is hinged to the crank of the crankshaft assembly; when the piston is at the top dead center position, a slide groove is arranged on the frame with the distal hole of the swing arm as the center, a slider is arranged in the slide groove, the slider is hinged to the proximal hole of the swing arm, and the slider is connected to a driving device.

[0005] The main difference between this piston and crankshaft mechanism and the traditional mechanism is that the upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod are hinged to the distal hole of the swing arm, the proximal hole of the swing arm is hinged to the slider, the slider is in the slide groove of the frame, the slide groove is set on the circumference of the distal hole of the swing arm at the top dead center of the piston, and the slider is connected to a power device. Under normal circumstances, the piston drives the upper connecting rod to drive the swing arm to swing around the proximal hole of the slider on the frame, and at the same time pushes the lower connecting rod and the crank to drive the crankshaft to rotate. At this time, the stroke of the piston is fixed, and the four strokes of power, exhaust, intake and compression are also repeated. When the slider slides in the slide groove of the frame, the center position of the proximal hole of the swing arm changes, the position of the top dead center of the piston and the distal hole of the swing arm does not change, the swing of the swing arm is still an arc, but the starting point and the end point will change, and the stroke of the piston will change. In this way, when the piston is at the bottom dead center, the position of the hinge point between the swing arm and the upper and lower connecting rods will also change, so that the rotation angle of the crankshaft of each stroke of the piston is redistributed. This switching of piston stroke and crankshaft rotation angle makes it easier for the mechanism to adapt to different working conditions and loads.

[0006] Preferably, the slideway on the frame is an arc-shaped structure centered on the far end hole of the swing arm. Such a structure is suitable for stepless adjustment, and the slider can stop at any position.

[0007] Preferably, the driving device of the slider is driven by an arc-shaped bidirectional hydraulic cylinder.

[0008] Preferably, the slide on the frame is a straight structure with two arc ends connected by the swing arm distal hole as the center. In this way, the starting point and the end point of the slider are both on the arc centered on the swing arm distal hole, that is, the slider is either at the starting point or at the end point, and the arc slide is replaced by a straight slide. This requires that the slider adjustment cannot be operated at the top dead center of the piston. We choose to start the adjustment at the stage of piston suction, which can greatly simplify the slider adjustment mechanism and meet our work requirements.

[0009] Preferably, the driving device of the slider is a linear motor. The linear reduction motor has the ability to stop retreating, is suitable for bidirectional adjustment, and has a simpler structure.

[0010] Preferably, it is more appropriate to adjust the slider by using two crankshaft working gears with a difference of 20 degrees.

[0011] The above mechanism is applied to a method of using a swing arm to change the crankshaft angle allocated to the piston stroke: when the piston runs to the top dead center, the far end of the swing arm is taken as the center, and the slider end is moved to change the position of the hinge point between the swing arm and the frame, so that the rotation path of the swing arm can be changed and the rotation angle of each stroke of the crankshaft can be redistributed. When there is no change, the stroke of the piston is fixed, and the four strokes of power, exhaust, intake and compression are also repeated. When the swing center position of the swing arm changes, the piston is at the top dead center, the hinge point of the upper and lower connecting rods and the swing arm does not change, the swing of the swing arm is still an arc, but the starting point and the end point will change, and the stroke of the piston will change a little. When the piston is at the bottom dead center, the hinge point position of the swing arm and the upper and lower connecting rods will change, resulting in a change in the stroke of the piston, the compression ratio will change, the crankshaft will redistribute the angle of each stroke of the piston, and the power output of the crankshaft will change. This change can be switched during work, improve the stability of the equipment, and the power output and fuel efficiency are based on the working conditions, so that the mechanism can be applied to different working conditions and loads.

[0012] Preferably, the sliding block slides in the frame slide slot to change the position of the proximal hole of the swing arm, which should be implemented within the piston suction stroke. The suction stroke is when the swing arm and the upper and lower connecting rods are under the least force, and has the least impact on the system operation.

[0013] Preferably, the position of the proximal hole of the swing arm is changed to an arc structure around the distal hole of the swing arm, and the arc is replaced by a connecting line of the slider at the two ends. This method simplifies the structure and changes the stepless adjustment to a switching of one gear at each of the two ends, which can fully meet the design requirements.

[0014] Preferably, the slider is in one gear at each of the two ends of the slide slot, and the distance between the two ends is such that the crankshaft angle of the piston working (inhalation) stroke increases or decreases by 20 degrees. An increase or decrease of 20 degrees is sufficient to meet the requirements of heavy and light load conditions. Too little is of little significance, and too much is a huge and wasteful mechanism.

[0015] Preferably, the slider has driving devices at both ends in the frame slideway to provide thrust or pull to prevent the slider from moving.

[0016] The present invention provides a piston and crankshaft mechanism and a method of using a swing arm to change the crankshaft angle and distribute it to the piston stroke, which can ensure that the crankshaft changes the piston work (intake) angle when working, and can be widely used in gasoline and diesel engines and air compressors to adapt to different working conditions. It has the advantages of reasonably reducing noise, improving fuel economy, and extending the service life of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1This is an engineering drawing of the piston top dead center of an arc-shaped slider of a piston and crankshaft mechanism of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the piston top dead center when the arc-shaped slider of a piston and crankshaft mechanism of the present invention works 260 degrees; Figure 3 This is an engineering drawing of the piston bottom dead center of an arc-shaped slider of a piston and crankshaft mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the piston bottom dead center when the arc-shaped slider of a piston and crankshaft mechanism of the present invention works 260 degrees; Figure 5 A piston and crankshaft mechanism of the present invention Figure 2 and Figure 4 Merge schematic diagram; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the position of the bidirectional linear motor of the arc-shaped slider of the present invention pushing and working 260 degrees; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the position of the bidirectional linear motor of the arc-shaped slider of the present invention pushing and working 240 degrees; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the upper and lower dead points of a piston and a crankshaft mechanism arc slider that works 240 degrees in the present invention; Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the position of the linear motor of the linear slider of the present invention pushing and working 260 degrees; Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the position of the linear motor of the linear slider of the present invention pushing and working 240 degrees; Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the piston top dead center when the linear slider of a piston and crankshaft mechanism of the present invention works 210 degrees; Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the piston bottom dead center when the linear slider of a piston and crankshaft mechanism of the present invention works 210 degrees; Fig.13 A piston and crankshaft mechanism of the present invention Fig.11 and Fig.12 Merge schematic diagram; Fig.14 This is a schematic diagram of the position of the linear slider of the present invention when it is hydraulically pushed to work 210 degrees; Fig.15 It is a schematic diagram of the combined upper and lower dead points of a piston and a linear slider of a crank mechanism of the present invention, in which the piston works 190 degrees; Fig.16 This is a schematic diagram of the position of the linear slider of the present invention when it is hydraulically pushed to work 190 degrees; In the figure: 1. Frame, 2. Cylinder assembly, 3. Piston, 4. Upper connecting rod, 5. Swing arm, 6. Lower connecting rod, 7. Crank, 8. Crankshaft, 9. Arc slide, 10. Linear slide, 11. Arc slider, 12. Slider, 13. Linear motor, 14. Oil hole, 15. Hydraulic cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] The principles and spirit of the present invention will be described below with reference to several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present invention more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] Embodiment 1, combined with Figure 1-8 , a piston and crank mechanism, including a frame: a frame 1, a cylinder assembly 2, a piston 3, an upper connecting rod 4, a swing arm 5, a lower connecting rod 6, a crank 7, a crankshaft 8, an arc-shaped slide 9, an arc-shaped slider 11, and a linear motor 13. The length of the crank 7 is 100 mm, the length of the lower connecting rod 6 is 150 mm, the length of the upper connecting rod 4 matches the stroke, the effective length of the swing arm 5 is 250 mm, and when working 260 degrees, the distance from the center of the crankshaft 8 to the center of the arc-shaped slider 11 is 207.2 mm. The frame 1 is provided with an arc-shaped slide 9, which is an arc-shaped structure with the distal hole of the swing arm 5 as the center of the circle when the piston 3 is at the top dead center; the arc-shaped slider 11 is located at the right end of the arc-shaped slide 9, and the center of the arc-shaped slider 11 is hinged with the proximal hole of the swing arm 5. The piston 3 is hinged to the upper connecting rod 4 , the swing arm 5 is hinged to the upper connecting rod 4 and the lower connecting rod 6 respectively, the lower connecting rod 6 is hinged to the crank 7 , and the crank 7 is hinged to the crankshaft 8 .

[0022] When the mechanism is working, the gas explosion in the cylinder assembly 2 pushes the piston 3 downward to do work, the upper connecting rod 4 pushes the swing arm 5 to swing downward, the hinge point of the lower connecting rod 6 and the crank 7 runs clockwise downward, pushing the crankshaft 8 to do work, and the piston 3 runs to the bottom dead center. At this time, the swing arm 5 rotates 59 degrees, the stroke of the piston 3 is 246.3 mm, and the lower connecting rod 6 pushes the crank 7 to rotate a total of 260 degrees to do work; the lower connecting rod 6 and the crank 7 overlap on a line, and the inertia of the crankshaft 8 needs to continue to rotate. The crank 7 drives the lower connecting rod 6 to continue to rotate clockwise, pushing the swing arm 5, the upper connecting rod 4 and the piston 3 to quickly move upward to discharge the gas in the cylinder assembly 2, and running to Figure 1 All these moving parts rely on the inertia of the crankshaft 8 to repeat the above process, and the cylinder assembly 2 realizes the two strokes of suction and compression, so that the engine completes four strokes.

[0023] When the cylinder assembly 2 inhales, two linear motors 13 are started, one rotates forward and the other rotates reversely to push the arc slider 11 along the arc slide 9 to the left and stop at the edge of the arc slide 9. The sliding straight distance is 12.5 mm; the stroke of the piston 3 is 229.1 mm, and the distance from the center line of the crankshaft 8 to the center of the arc slider 11 is 218.5 mm. At this time, the swing arm 5 rotates 54 degrees, the rotation angle of the crankshaft 8 of the piston 3 inhalation is 240 degrees, and the piston 3 runs to the bottom dead center. The upward compression stroke of the piston 3 changes the compression ratio. The piston 3 goes down again to do work, and the rotation angle of the crankshaft 8 is also 240 degrees. The piston 3 goes up again to exhaust the cycle. In this way, different power outputs can be used to cope with suitable working conditions, which has the advantages of reasonably reducing noise, improving fuel economy, and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0024] Embodiment 2, combined with Figure 1-5 , Figure 8-10 A piston and crankshaft mechanism includes a frame: a frame 1, a cylinder assembly 2, a piston 3, an upper connecting rod 4, a swing arm 5, a lower connecting rod 6, a crank 7, a crankshaft 8, a linear slide 10 instead of an arcuate slide 9, a slider 12 instead of an arcuate slider 11, and a single linear motor 13 directly connected to the slider 12. Other structures and principles are the same as those in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0025] Embodiment 3, combined with Figure 11-16A piston and crank mechanism includes a frame: a frame 1, a cylinder assembly 2, a piston 3, an upper connecting rod 4, a swing arm 5, a lower connecting rod 6, a crank 7, a crankshaft 8, a linear slide 10, a slider 12, and a hydraulic cylinder 15. The length of the crank 7 is 100 mm, the length of the lower connecting rod 6 is 150 mm, the length of the upper connecting rod 4 matches the stroke, the effective length of the swing arm 5 is 250 mm, and when working 210 degrees, the distance from the center of the crankshaft 8 to the center of the slider 12 is 244.3 mm. The frame 1 is provided with a linear slide 10, which is a connecting straight line at both ends of an arc with the distal end hole of the swing arm 5 as the center when the piston 3 is at the top dead center; the slider 12 is located at the right end of the linear slide 10, and the slider 12 is hinged to the proximal end hole of the swing arm 5. The piston 3 is hinged to the upper connecting rod 4 , the swing arm 5 is hinged to the upper connecting rod 4 and the lower connecting rod 6 respectively, the lower connecting rod 6 is hinged to the crank 7 , and the crank 7 is hinged to the crankshaft 8 .

[0026] When the mechanism is working, the gas explosion in the cylinder assembly 2 pushes the piston 3 downward to do work, the upper connecting rod 4 pushes the swing arm 5 to swing downward, and the hinge point of the lower connecting rod 6 and the crank 7 runs clockwise downward, pushing the crankshaft 8 to do work. At this time, the swing arm 5 rotates 49.2 degrees, the stroke of the piston 3 is 208.2 mm, and the crankshaft 8 rotates 210 degrees to do work; the piston 3 runs to the bottom dead center, the lower connecting rod 6 and the crank 7 overlap on a line, and the inertia of the crankshaft 8 needs to continue to rotate. The crank 7 drives the lower connecting rod 6 to continue to rotate clockwise, pushing the swing arm 5, the upper connecting rod 4 and the piston 3 to quickly move upward to discharge the gas in the cylinder assembly 2, and running to Fig.11 All these moving parts rely on the inertia of the crankshaft 8 to repeat the above process, and the cylinder assembly 2 realizes the two strokes of suction and compression, so that the engine completes four strokes.

[0027] When the cylinder assembly 2 inhales, the high-pressure oil pump is started, the oil hole 14 on the left side of the hydraulic cylinder 15 discharges oil, and the oil hole 14 on the right side supplies oil. The hydraulic cylinder 15 pushes the slider 12 along the linear slide 10 to the left and stops at the edge of the linear slide 10. The slider 12 slides a straight distance of 23.3 mm, the distance from the center of the slider 12 to the center of the crankshaft 8 is 264.3 mm, the piston 3 stroke is 200.9 mm, and the swing arm 5 rotates 47.3 degrees; at this time, the rotation angle of the crankshaft 8 of the piston 3 inhalation is 190 degrees, the piston 3 runs to the bottom dead center, the piston 3 goes up the compression stroke to change the compression ratio, the piston 3 goes down again to do work, and the rotation angle of the crankshaft 8 is also 190 degrees, and then the exhaust cycle is performed. In this way, different power outputs can be used to cope with different working conditions, which has the advantages of reasonably reducing noise, improving fuel economy, and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0028] Embodiment 4, combined with Figure 11-16 , a piston and crankshaft mechanism, the mechanism and dimensional parameters are exactly the same as those in Example 3, and will not be repeated here.

[0029] When the air pump is working, the crankshaft 8 pushes the crank 7 and the lower connecting rod 6 to rotate counterclockwise, pushing the swing arm 5, the upper connecting rod 4 and the piston 3 to slowly move upward to discharge the gas in the cylinder assembly 2, and then ... Fig.11 The cylinder assembly 2 closes the gas delivery valve and opens the intake valve. The crankshaft 8 drives the crank 7, the lower connecting rod 6, the swing arm 5, the upper connecting rod 4 and the piston 3 to move counterclockwise downward to inhale air. Fig.12 The intake valve is closed at the position, and the gas delivery valve is opened to repeat the above process, and the cylinder assembly 2 realizes the two strokes of air intake and air delivery.

Claims

1. A piston and crankshaft mechanism, comprising a frame, a cylinder assembly, a piston, a connecting rod assembly and a crankshaft assembly, characterized in that: The connecting rod assembly includes an upper connecting rod, a lower connecting rod and a swing arm, the upper end of the upper connecting rod is hinged to the piston, the lower end of the upper connecting rod and the upper end of the lower connecting rod are hinged to the distal hole of the swing arm, and the lower end of the lower connecting rod is hinged to the crank of the crankshaft assembly; when the piston is at the top dead center position, a slide groove is set on the frame with the distal hole of the swing arm as the center, a sliding block is set in the slide groove, the sliding block is hinged to the proximal hole of the swing arm, and the sliding block is connected to a driving device.

2. A piston and crankshaft mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that The slide groove on the frame is an arc-shaped structure centered on the far end hole of the swing arm.

3. A piston and crankshaft mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving device of the sliding block is driven by an arc-shaped bidirectional hydraulic cylinder.

4. A piston and crankshaft mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slide slot on the frame is a straight line structure with the far end hole of the swing arm as the center and two arc-shaped end points connected.

5. A piston and crankshaft mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The driving device of the slide block is a linear motor.

6. A method for changing the crankshaft angle assigned to the piston stroke by using a swing arm, using the piston and crankshaft mechanism as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: When the piston reaches the top dead center, the position of the hinge point between the swing arm and the frame can be changed by moving the slider end with the far end point of the swing arm as the center, so as to change the rotation path of the swing arm and redistribute the rotation angle of each stroke of the crankshaft.

7. A method of using a swing arm to change the crankshaft angle allocated to the piston stroke according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sliding block slides in the frame slide slot to change the position of the proximal hole of the swing arm, which should be implemented within the piston suction stroke.

8. The method of using a swing arm to change the crankshaft angle allocated to the piston stroke according to claim 7, characterized in that: The position of the proximal hole of the swing arm is changed, and the arc structure is formed around the distal hole of the swing arm as the center, and the connecting line of the slider at the two end points replaces the arc.

9. A method for changing the distribution of crankshaft angle to piston stroke by using a swing arm according to claim 8, characterized in that: The slider is in one gear at each of the two ends of the slide slot, and the distance between the two ends allows the crankshaft angle of the piston power stroke or the intake stroke to increase or decrease within 20 degrees.

10. A method for changing the distribution of crankshaft angle to piston stroke by using a swing arm according to claim 6, 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that: The two end points of the slide block in the frame slide slot are provided with driving devices to provide thrust or pull.

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