Method for introducing and preserving phoebe trees in alluvial plain areas

Abstract

The application provides a Phoebe tree species introduction and conservation method in alluvial plain areas, relates to the field of agricultural and forestry technologies, A, a plurality of to-be-introduced tree species are planted in an introduction area, average physiological index membership values and average ranks of each to-be-introduced tree species are calculated, and the to-be-introduced tree species with the average physiological index membership values ranked from large to small and the average ranks ranked from small to large both less than or equal to 50%, or the average ranks ranked from small to large less than or equal to 50%, the average chlorophyll content ranked from large to small less than or equal to 10% and the average seedling height ranked from large to small less than or equal to 65% are screened out as suitable germplasm; B, the suitable germplasm is planted in a suitable area in the introduction area. The screened suitable germplasm has strong adaptability to the introduction area, improves the introduction and conservation success rate of the Phoebe tree species in the introduction area, enriches the arbor tree species in the introduction area and improves the biological diversity of the introduction area. The technical problem of the difficulty in the ex situ introduction of the Phoebe tree species in the alluvial plain area in the prior art is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural and forestry technology, and in particular to a method for the introduction and conservation of Phoebe zhennan species in alluvial plain areas. Background Technology

[0002] In alluvial plains where native precious tree species are scarce, the introduction of Phoebe zhennan species is often used to enhance urban biodiversity and enrich the variety of arborescent trees. Phoebe zhennan species, such as Zhejiang Phoebe, Purple Phoebe, and Phoebe zhennan, known as the "aristocrats of timber," not only possess significant economic value, including high-quality timber, but also substantial ornamental and ecological value. They are priority species for development in the Yangtze River Delta region of my country. Introducing Phoebe zhennan resources and selecting suitable germplasm can enrich plant resources and enhance urban biodiversity. However, the differences in the ecological environment between the original habitat and the target habitat of Phoebe zhennan species often affect their growth, development, and reproductive capacity. Furthermore, the varying adaptability of Phoebe zhennan species to new environments across different regions increases the difficulty of ex-situ introduction.

[0003] In view of this, the present invention is hereby proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for the introduction and conservation of Phoebe zhennan species in alluvial plains, so as to at least solve the technical problem of the difficulty in the ex-situ introduction of Phoebe zhennan species in alluvial plains in the prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives of the present invention, the following technical solution is adopted:

[0006] This invention provides a method for the introduction and conservation of Phoebe zhennan species in alluvial plain areas, comprising the following steps:

[0007] A. Plant several tree species to be introduced at the introduction site, calculate the average physiological index membership value and average rank of each tree species to be introduced, and select tree species to be introduced that are ranked from largest to smallest with average physiological index membership value ≤50% and average rank from smallest to largest ≤50%, or average rank from smallest to largest ≤50%, average chlorophyll content from largest to smallest ≤10%, and average seedling height from largest to smallest ≤65% as suitable germplasm.

[0008] B. Plant suitable germplasm in the suitable growing areas of the introduction site;

[0009] The planting time for the several tree species to be introduced in the introduction site is from April to June each year;

[0010] The physiological indicators include seedling height, ground diameter, and chlorophyll content.

[0011] Furthermore, the average physiological index membership value = (average of net growth in seedling height membership value + net growth in ground diameter membership value + average of chlorophyll content membership value) / 3;

[0012] The average rank is calculated as follows: (net growth rank of seedling height + net growth rank of ground diameter + rank of chlorophyll content) / 3.

[0013] Furthermore, the formulas for calculating the net growth value of seedling height, the net growth value of ground diameter, and the chlorophyll content membership value are as follows:

[0014] Membership value = (X - Xmin) / (Xmax - Xmin) × 100%;

[0015] Where X represents the net growth of seedling height, net growth of ground diameter, or chlorophyll content of the tree species to be introduced, Xmax is the maximum value of X, and Xmin is the minimum value of X.

[0016] Furthermore, the net growth is the difference between the growth at the end of the growing season and the growth at the beginning of the growing season.

[0017] The beginning of the growing season is the third month after planting;

[0018] The end of the growing season is the 7th to 8th month after planting.

[0019] Furthermore, the groundwater level in the suitable habitat area is 40-80cm, preferably 80cm.

[0020] Furthermore, the soil in the suitable growing area is improved soil;

[0021] The improved soil includes peat, soil and improved substrate;

[0022] The improved matrix includes perlite, quartz, or biochar, preferably biochar;

[0023] Preferably, the thickness of the improved soil is at least 30 cm.

[0024] Furthermore, the volume ratio of peat, soil and improved substrate is 5:(2~5):(2~5), preferably 5:2:3.

[0025] Furthermore, the groundwater level in the suitable habitat area is 80cm, and the improved soil includes peat, soil, and biochar.

[0026] Preferably, the volume ratio of peat, soil and biochar is 5:2:3.

[0027] Furthermore, the improved soil also includes controlled-release fertilizer, wherein the amount of controlled-release fertilizer added is 2-4 kg per cubic meter of soil, preferably 3 kg.

[0028] The controlled-release fertilizer comprises 12-15% total nitrogen, 11-14% available phosphorus, and 11-14% water-soluble potassium by mass percentage;

[0029] Preferably, the controlled-release fertilizer comprises 14% total nitrogen, 13% available phosphorus, and 13% water-soluble potassium by mass percentage.

[0030] Furthermore, the Phoebe species include at least one of the following: Phoebe zhennan family and seed source, cold-resistant Phoebe bournei family, Phoebe zhennan family and seed source, Phoebe zhennan seed source, or Phoebe zhennan seed source.

[0031] This invention provides a method for the introduction and conservation of Phoebe zhennan species in alluvial plains. The method involves screening suitable germplasm during planting at the introduction site, using seedling height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and chlorophyll content as three physiological indicators, all of which are positively correlated with Phoebe zhennan growth. The method combines fuzzy mathematical membership function method to calculate the average membership value of these physiological indicators and mean method to calculate their average rank. Suitable germplasm is then selected based on the average membership value, average rank, average chlorophyll content, and average seedling height. The selected suitable germplasm shows strong adaptability to the introduction site, improving the success rate of Phoebe zhennan species introduction and conservation, enriching the tree species in the introduction site, and enhancing biodiversity. This method solves the technical problem of the difficulty in ex-situ introduction of Phoebe zhennan species in alluvial plains in existing technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a statistical chart showing the difference in height of Nanmu seedlings in Zhejiang under different groundwater levels, provided in Experiment 1 of this invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a statistical chart showing the difference in diameter of *Phoebe zhennan* at different groundwater levels, provided for Experiment 1 of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] Unless otherwise defined herein, the scientific and technical terms used in conjunction with this invention shall have the meanings commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The meaning and scope of terms shall be clear; however, in any case of potential ambiguity, the definitions provided herein shall prevail over any dictionary or foreign definitions. In this application, unless otherwise stated, the use of "or" means "and / or". Furthermore, the use of the term "comprising" and other forms is non-limiting.

[0036] Unless otherwise stated, the methods and techniques of the present invention are generally carried out according to conventional methods well known in the art and as described in various general and more specific references, which are cited and discussed throughout this specification.

[0037] This invention provides a method for the introduction and conservation of Phoebe zhennan species in alluvial plains, comprising the following steps: A. Planting several tree species to be introduced in the introduction site, calculating the average physiological index membership value and average rank of each tree species to be introduced, and selecting tree species to be introduced that have an average physiological index membership value ranking ≤50% from largest to smallest and an average rank ranking ≤50% from smallest to largest, or an average rank ranking ≤50% from smallest to largest, an average chlorophyll content ranking ≤10% from largest to smallest, and an average seedling height ranking ≤65% from largest to smallest as suitable germplasm; B. Planting suitable germplasm in the suitable area of ​​the introduction site;

[0038] The planting time for the several tree species to be introduced in the introduction site is from April to June each year; the physiological indicators include seedling height, ground diameter and chlorophyll content.

[0039] By screening suitable germplasm through planting in the introduction site, seedling height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and chlorophyll content were used as three physiological indicators, all of which showed a positive correlation with the growth of Phoebe zhennan. The average membership values ​​of these physiological indicators were calculated using fuzzy mathematical membership functions, and the average rank was calculated using the mean method. Suitable germplasm was then selected based on the average membership values, average rank, average chlorophyll content, and average seedling height. The selected suitable germplasm showed strong adaptability to the introduction site, improving the success rate of introducing and conserving Phoebe zhennan species in the introduction site, enriching the tree species in the introduction site, and enhancing biodiversity. This method solves the technical problem of the difficulty in ex-situ introduction of Phoebe zhennan species in alluvial plain areas in existing technologies.

[0040] Alluvial plains refer to broad, flat areas formed by river deposition, usually located in the lower reaches of rivers, formed by the accumulation of sediments such as silt and gravel carried by rivers near the river mouth.

[0041] The average physiological index membership value and average rank are ranked from largest to smallest, and both are ≤50%. Specifically, the ranking from largest to smallest can be set according to the total sample size, and can be, but is not limited to, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or 50%, or any proportion of the top 50%.

[0042] The average rank is ranked from smallest to largest by ≤50%. Specifically, the ranking can be set from largest to smallest according to the total sample size, and can be, but is not limited to, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or 50%, or any proportion of the top 50%.

[0043] The average chlorophyll content is ranked from largest to smallest, with a minimum of 10%. The specific ranking can be set according to the total sample size, and can be, but is not limited to, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, or 10%, or any proportion of the top 10%.

[0044] The average seedling height is ranked from largest to smallest, with ≤65%. The ranking can be set from largest to smallest according to the total sample size, and can be, but is not limited to, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, or 65%, or any proportion of the top 65%.

[0045] In some specific implementations, the average physiological index membership value = (average of net growth in seedling height membership value + net growth in ground diameter membership value + average of chlorophyll content membership value) / 3;

[0046] The average rank is calculated as follows: (net growth rank of seedling height + net growth rank of ground diameter + rank of chlorophyll content) / 3.

[0047] In some specific implementation methods, the calculation formulas for the net growth value of seedling height, the net growth value of ground diameter, and the chlorophyll content are as follows:

[0048] Membership value = (X-Xmin) / (Xmax-Xmin)×100%, where X is the net growth of seedling height, net growth of ground diameter, or chlorophyll content of the tree species to be introduced, Xmax is the maximum value of X, and Xmin is the minimum value of X.

[0049] In some specific implementations, the net growth is the difference between the growth at the end of the growing season and the growth at the beginning of the growing season.

[0050] The beginning of the growing season is the third month after planting; the end of the growing season is the seventh to eighth month after planting.

[0051] Due to the high groundwater level in alluvial plains, which limits the growth of Phoebe zhennan trees, a thorough investigation of the water level at the planting site should be conducted before planting. If necessary, the terrain at the planting site should be raised to accommodate the growth of Phoebe zhennan trees. In some specific implementations, the groundwater level in the suitable growing area is 40-80 cm.

[0052] The groundwater level in the suitable growing area can be, but is not limited to, 40cm, 45cm, 50cm, 55cm, 60cm, 65cm, 70cm, 75cm, or 80cm, or any value between 40cm and 80cm. A groundwater level of 80cm can significantly promote the growth of Phoebe zhennan species, and 80cm is preferred.

[0053] In some specific embodiments, the soil in the suitable area is improved soil; the improved soil includes peat, soil and improved substrate; the improved substrate includes perlite, bluestone or biochar, preferably biochar.

[0054] In some specific embodiments, the thickness of the improved soil is at least 30 cm.

[0055] In some specific embodiments, the volume ratio of peat, soil and improved substrate is 5:(2~5):(2~5), preferably 5:2:3.

[0056] Further research revealed the influence of different groundwater levels and growing soils on seedling growth and their synergistic effects. By comparing growth indicators of *Machilus zeylanus* under different groundwater levels and growing soils, including initial growth, later growth, seedling height increase, diameter increase, and leaf physiological indicators, the results showed that the most favorable groundwater level for *Machilus zeylanus* growth was 80 cm, and the optimal soil composition was peat moss and biochar. In some specific implementations, the suitable growing area had a groundwater level of 80 cm, and the improved soil included peat, soil, and biochar.

[0057] In some specific implementations, the volume ratio of peat, soil, and biochar is 5:2:3.

[0058] In some specific embodiments, the improved soil also includes controlled-release fertilizer, wherein the amount of controlled-release fertilizer added is 2-4 kg per cubic meter of soil, preferably 3 kg; the controlled-release fertilizer includes 12-15% total nitrogen, 11-14% available phosphorus and 11-14% water-soluble potassium by mass percentage.

[0059] By applying controlled-release fertilizer, the growth and development of Phoebe species can be promoted, their adaptability to the ecological environment can be improved, the success rate of introduction and conservation can be increased, and the difficulty of ex-situ introduction of Phoebe species can be reduced.

[0060] In some specific embodiments, the controlled-release fertilizer comprises 14% total nitrogen, 13% available phosphorus, and 13% water-soluble potassium by mass percentage.

[0061] In some specific embodiments, the Phoebe species include at least one of the following: Phoebe zhennan family and seed source, cold-resistant Phoebe bournei family, Phoebe zhennan family and seed source, Phoebe zhennan seed source, or Phoebe zhennan seed source.

[0062] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] The following examples were implemented at the Jinshan Base of Shanghai Botanical Garden. The tree species to be introduced included 42 two-year-old container seedlings from provinces such as Zhejiang, including 30 Zhejiang Nanmu families, 6 Fujian Nanmu families, 2 Zi Nanmu families, 3 germplasm sources (Zhejiang Nanmu, Phoebe zhennan and Zi Nanmu respectively) and 1 local germplasm source (Red Nanmu, as a control). Each germplasm source had 20 seedlings, for a total of 840 seedlings.

[0064] Peat: Klasmann peat 422, 0-25 mm, medium fiber, fertilizer-free;

[0065] Soil: This is nursery soil from the Shanghai Botanical Garden;

[0066] Bluestone particles: Bluestone particles with a diameter of 3-5cm;

[0067] Perlite: Perlite with a particle size of 3-5 mm;

[0068] Biochar: bamboo charcoal particles with a particle size of 3~5mm.

[0069] Example 1

[0070] A method for introducing and conserving Phoebe zhennan species in alluvial plain areas, specifically following these steps:

[0071] 1. Selection of suitable germplasm: Planting was carried out in April of the same year, using a randomized block design with 5 plants per plot, at the Jinshan Base of Shanghai Botanical Garden, with a plant spacing of 1.5m*1.5m. Each plot required 5*42*2.25=472.5m² of prepared land. 2 (0.71 mu), repeated 4 times, with a total net area of ​​2.84 mu required. Each germplasm was randomly distributed within the block.

[0072] Seedling height growth and diameter at breast height growth were measured at the beginning of the growing season (June of the same year) and the end of the growing season (November of the same year), respectively. The relative chlorophyll content was measured using a SPAD 502Plus chlorophyll meter in September of the same year. The specific results are shown in Tables 1 to 3. The results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (p < 0.05). * indicates significant, ** indicates extremely significant, and no * indicates no significant difference.

[0073] Table 1. Differences in growth of different varieties of Phoebe zhennan seedlings in June

[0074]

[0075] Table 2. Differences in growth of different varieties of Phoebe zhennan seedlings in November

[0076]

[0077] Table 3. Differences in chlorophyll content among different varieties of Phoebe zhennan seedlings in September.

[0078]

[0079] Based on physiological indicators such as growth and chlorophyll content after planting, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted using fuzzy mathematical membership function method and mean value method to screen suitable Phoebe zhennan germplasm resources for the Shanghai area.

[0080] The fuzzy mathematical membership function method calculates membership values ​​using the formula: Membership value = (X - Xmin) / (Xmax - Xmin) × 100%, where X is the value of a certain indicator for a specific treatment, Xmax is the maximum value of the indicator, and Xmin is the minimum value of the indicator. When an indicator has a positive relationship with the growth of Phoebe zhennan, the larger the membership value, the more representative the indicator is of the growth of Phoebe zhennan, and vice versa. In this paper, net growth in seedling height, net growth in ground diameter, and SPAD value were selected as three indicators, all of which have a positive relationship with the growth of Phoebe zhennan. The membership values ​​were summed, and the average value was calculated. The top 20 germplasms were selected from the average membership values ​​of all 42 family samples, arranged from largest to smallest (as shown in Table 4).

[0081] Table 4 Ranking of suitable germplasm based on fuzzy mathematical membership function method

[0082]

[0083] The mean method first selects candidate suitable germplasm based on the net growth of seedling height. The mean net growth of seedling height of different germplasm is used as the main indicator, and the mean net growth of ground diameter and the mean SPAD value are used as secondary indicators to calculate the percentage of each germplasm that exceeds the mean of the group. The germplasm is then sorted according to the extent of exceeding the mean, resulting in 20 suitable germplasm (as shown in Table 5).

[0084] Table 5 Ranking of suitable Phoebe zhennan species using the mean method.

[0085]

[0086] Based on Tables 4 and 5, germplasm samples that simultaneously meet the requirements of both Tables 4 and 5 were first selected, namely, germplasm samples 41, 29, 13, 14, 30, 28, 26, 42, 39, 40, 21, 37, 36, and 15. Next, the average chlorophyll content and average seedling height of germplasm samples 38, 24, 35, 6, 32, and 34, which meet the requirements of Table 5 but not Table 4, were compared and ranked as shown in Tables 1 and 2. Germplasm samples 34, 6, and 32 were all ranked in the top of the total sample. The top 65% of the total number; as shown in Table 3, the average chlorophyll content of No. 32 and No. 38 is in the top 10% of the total sample. Combining Tables 1 to 3, No. 32 meets the conditions of average rank from largest to smallest ≤50%, average chlorophyll content from largest to smallest ≤10%, and average seedling height from largest to smallest ≤65%, so No. 32 was selected; a total of 15 suitable germplasm were screened, including the Zhejiang Nanmu family, the cold-resistant Fujian Nanmu family, the Purple Nanmu family, Zhejiang Nanmu, Piaohua Nanmu, Purple Nanmu and Red Nanmu germplasm.

[0087] 2. Plant suitable germplasm in the suitable growing areas of the introduction site.

[0088] Containerized seedlings of *Phoebe zhennan* selected from the suitable germplasm obtained in step 1 were planted in April of the following year. The improved soil in the planting area consisted of peat, soil, and biochar in a ratio of 5:2:3. After each soil mixture was prepared, 3 kg of controlled-release fertilizer (total nitrogen-available phosphorus-water-soluble potassium ratio of 14-13-13) was added to each cubic meter of substrate. The improved soil thickness was 30 cm. The groundwater level was adjusted to 80 cm.

[0089] Example 2

[0090] Unlike Example 1, the improved soil in the planting area in step 2 is composed of peat, soil and bluestone particles in a ratio of 5:2:3.

[0091] Example 3

[0092] Unlike Example 1, the improved soil in the planting area in step 2 is composed of peat, soil and perlite in a ratio of 5:2:3.

[0093] Example 4

[0094] Unlike Example 1, the groundwater level was adjusted to 40cm.

[0095] Example 5

[0096] Unlike Example 1, the groundwater level was adjusted to 120cm.

[0097] Experiment 1: Analysis of the differences in growth of *Phoebe zhennan* at different groundwater levels

[0098] For Examples 1, 4, and 5, the seedling height and diameter at ground level were measured at the beginning of the planting season (June of the following year) and the end of the growing season (November of the following year), respectively, and the increase in seedling height and diameter at ground level was calculated. The SPAD value was determined in August of the following year.

[0099] Differences in height of Nanmu seedlings in Zhejiang under different groundwater levels, such as Figure 1 As shown, during the recovery period and early growing season after planting, the average seedling height of 2-year-old *Phoebe zhennan* seedlings at a groundwater level of 40cm (118.53±15.24cm) was significantly higher than that at other simulated water levels (P=0.05). However, in the later growing season, specifically November, the seedling height of 2-year-old *Phoebe zhennan* seedlings also showed significant differences between different water levels (P=0.01). Seedling heights at groundwater levels of 40cm (133.73±15.60cm) and 80cm (127.07±12.25cm) were significantly greater than those at 120cm (119.13±10.64cm), while there was no significant difference in seedling height between the 40cm and 80cm groundwater levels at this time. This indicates that the relatively suitable groundwater levels for 2-year-old *Phoebe zhennan* seedlings are 40cm and 80cm.

[0100] Differences in diameter of Phoebe zhennan in Zhejiang under different groundwater levels, such as Figure 2 As shown, during the recovery period and early growing season of 2-year-old Phoebe zhennan seedlings after planting, the average diameter at groundwater level of 120cm (10.71±0.87cm) was significantly higher than that of other simulated water level treatments (P=0.03), while the difference in diameter at the other two water levels was not significant. However, in the later part of the growing season, in November, the diameter at groundwater level of 2-year-old Phoebe zhennan seedlings showed a similar pattern to the seedling height, with significant differences (P=0). The diameters at groundwater levels of 40cm (13.72±2.16cm) and 80cm (17.14±1.47cm) were still larger, significantly greater than that at groundwater level of 120cm (14.45±1.13cm), and the difference in diameter between groundwater levels of 40cm and 80cm was not significant.

[0101] Table 6 shows the differences in growth increments of *Phoebe zhennan* seedlings at different groundwater levels. The highest growth increments and optimal nutritional status were observed at a groundwater level of 80cm, with increases in seedling height and diameter at ground level of 19.40±3.08cm and 7.01±0.86mm, respectively. These increases were significantly higher than those at a groundwater level of 40cm, and nearly double the values ​​corresponding to a groundwater level of 120cm. This indicates that this water level is more favorable for the growth of two-year-old *Phoebe zhennan* seedlings. The significant promotion of *Phoebe zhennan* seedling growth at a groundwater level of 80cm may be related to its promoting effect on root water absorption and nutrient utilization. Furthermore, the highest SPAD value was observed in the leaves of *Phoebe zhennan* at a groundwater level of 80cm, indicating better physiological and nutritional status. The second highest SPAD value was observed at a water level of 40cm, while the lowest was observed at a water level of 120cm. The chlorophyll content reflects the nutritional and growth status of the plant; the higher SPAD value at a groundwater level of 80cm indicates better growth.

[0102] Table 6. Analysis of differences in growth increment of *Phoebe zhennan* under different water levels.

[0103]

[0104] Experiment 2: Analysis of the differences in growth of Phoebe zhennan in different growing soils

[0105] During the growing season, the differences in growth indicators of *Phoebe zhennan* under different growing soil conditions (Examples 1-3) were compared. Seedling height, ground diameter, growth increment in June and December, and SPAD value in August were also compared. The specific results are shown in Tables 7 and 8.

[0106] Table 7 Comparison of growth differences of *Machilus chinensis* under different planting soils

[0107]

[0108] As shown in Tables 7 and 8, the seedling height, ground diameter, and SPAD value all showed higher values ​​under the growing soil conditions with added biochar.

[0109] Experiment 3 Synergistic effect of groundwater level and growing soil

[0110] Table 9 shows the interaction effect analysis of water level and soil under a general linear model. Water level is still the main effect affecting the growth of Nanmu Zhejiang, while soil only shows a significant effect on the increase in diameter at ground level and seedling height. Water level and soil have a significant interaction effect on the diameter at ground level growth of Nanmu Zhejiang.

[0111] Table 9. Analysis of the interaction effect between water level and matrix on Nanmu zeylan

[0112]

[0113] Experiment 4: Correlation between water level and soil factors and indices

[0114] The correlation between groundwater level and growing soil and seedling height, diameter at breast height, seedling height increment, diameter at breast height increment, and SPAD was analyzed. Apart from the inevitable correlation between growth indicators and physiological indicators, such as the significant positive correlation between seedling height at different stages, groundwater level was positively correlated with diameter at breast height and negatively correlated with seedling height and SPAD value. However, there was no obvious correlation between growing soil and the investigated indicators (as shown in Table 10). This indicates that groundwater level has a greater impact on the growth of Nanmu zehsiensis than soil conditions.

[0115] Table 10. Correlation between water level and soil and physiological indicators (Pearson correlation coefficient)

[0116]

[0117] Experiment 5: Screening for the optimal combination of water level and soil factors

[0118] Two-year-old container seedlings of *Machilus chinensis* with uniform growth were selected as the evaluation subjects. Three simulated groundwater levels were set up: 40cm, 80cm, and 120cm. Three different improved growing soils were prepared using peat, soil, gravel, perlite, and biochar in different proportions. The volume proportions of each component in the three soil mixtures were 5 peat: 2 soil: 3 gravel, 5 peat: 2 soil: 3 perlite, and 5 peat: 2 soil: 3 biochar. 3 kg of controlled-release fertilizer (total nitrogen-available phosphorus-water-soluble potassium ratio of 14-13-13) was added to each volume of substrate after each soil mixture was prepared. Seedling height and diameter at rootstock were measured in June and December, and SPAD values ​​were measured in August. The membership values ​​of each physiological indicator were calculated, as shown in Table 11. Ranking the membership function values ​​of the annual growth indicators of *Machilus chinensis* under different water levels and planting substrate combinations showed that groundwater level had a greater impact on the growth of *Machilus chinensis* than planting substrate, with the top three treatment combinations all having a groundwater level of 80cm.

[0119] Table 11 Ranking of Groundwater Level and Planting Substrate Treatment Combinations by Membership Value

[0120]

[0121] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for the introduction and conservation of Phoebe zhennan species in alluvial plain areas, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A. Plant several tree species to be introduced at the introduction site, calculate the average physiological index membership value and average rank of each tree species to be introduced, and select tree species to be introduced that are ranked from largest to smallest with average physiological index membership value ≤50% and average rank from smallest to largest with average rank ≤50%, or average rank from smallest to largest with average rank ≤50%, average chlorophyll content from largest to smallest with average chlorophyll content ≤10%, and average seedling height from largest to smallest with average rank ≤65% as suitable germplasm. B. Plant suitable germplasm in the suitable growing areas of the introduction site; The planting time for the several tree species to be introduced in the introduction site is from April to June each year; The physiological indicators include seedling height, ground diameter, and chlorophyll content; The average physiological index membership value = (average of net growth in seedling height + net growth in ground diameter + chlorophyll content membership value) / 3; The average rank is calculated as follows: (rank of net growth in seedling height + rank of net growth in ground diameter + rank of chlorophyll content) / 3. The formulas for calculating the net growth value of seedling height, the net growth value of ground diameter, and the chlorophyll content membership value are as follows: Membership value = (X - Xmin) / (Xmax - Xmin) × 100%; Where X represents the net growth of seedling height, net growth of ground diameter, or chlorophyll content of the tree species to be introduced, Xmax is the maximum value of X, and Xmin is the minimum value of X. The net growth is the difference between the growth at the end of the growing season and the growth at the beginning of the growing season; The beginning of the growing season is the third month after planting; The end of the growing season is the 7th to 8th month after planting.

2. The method for introducing and conserving Phoebe zhennan species in alluvial plain areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The groundwater level in the suitable habitat area is 40-80cm.

3. The method for introducing and conserving Phoebe zhennan species in alluvial plain areas according to claim 2, characterized in that, The groundwater level in the suitable habitat area is 80cm.

4. The method for introducing and conserving Phoebe zhennan species in alluvial plain areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil in the suitable growing area is improved soil; The improved soil includes peat, soil and improved substrate; The improved matrix includes perlite, bluestone granules, or biochar.

5. The method for introducing and conserving Phoebe zhennan species in alluvial plain areas according to claim 4, characterized in that, The improved matrix is ​​biochar.

6. The method for introducing and conserving Phoebe zhennan species in alluvial plain areas according to claim 4, characterized in that, The thickness of the improved soil is at least 30 cm.

7. The method for introducing and conserving Phoebe zhennan species in alluvial plain areas according to claim 4, characterized in that, The volume ratio of peat, soil and improved substrate is 5:(2~5):(2~5).

8. The method for introducing and conserving Phoebe zhennan species in alluvial plains according to claim 7, characterized in that, The volume ratio of peat, soil, and improved substrate is 5:2:

3.

9. The method for introducing and conserving Phoebe zhennan species in alluvial plain areas according to claim 4, characterized in that, The groundwater level in the suitable habitat area is 80cm, and the improved soil includes peat, soil, and biochar.

10. The method for introducing and conserving Phoebe zhennan species in alluvial plain areas according to claim 9, characterized in that, The volume ratio of peat, soil, and biochar is 5:2:

3.

11. The method for introducing and conserving Phoebe zhennan species in alluvial plain areas according to any one of claims 4 to 10, characterized in that, The improved soil also includes controlled-release fertilizer, wherein the amount of controlled-release fertilizer added is 2-4 kg per cubic meter of soil. The controlled-release fertilizer comprises 12-15% total nitrogen, 11-14% available phosphorus, and 11-14% water-soluble potassium by mass percentage.

12. The method for introducing and conserving Phoebe zhennan species in alluvial plain areas according to claim 11, characterized in that, The controlled-release fertilizer is added at a rate of 3 kg per cubic meter of soil.

13. The method for introducing and conserving Phoebe zhennan species in alluvial plains according to claim 11, characterized in that, The controlled-release fertilizer comprises 14% total nitrogen, 13% available phosphorus, and 13% water-soluble potassium by mass percentage.

14. The method for introducing and conserving Phoebe zhennan species in alluvial plain areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Phoebe species include at least one of the following: Phoebe zhennan family and seed source, cold-resistant Phoebe bournei family, Phoebe zhennan family and seed source, Phoebe zhennan seed source or Phoebe zhennan seed source.

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