Friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus and friction stir additive manufacturing method

Abstract

The application relates to the field of friction stir additive manufacturing technology, in particular to a friction stir additive manufacturing device and a friction stir additive manufacturing method, which comprise a stirring part, a driving part and a temperature control part. The stirring part is provided with a stirring surface, the stirring part is hollow along the axial direction to form a feeding channel, the feeding channel is arranged on the stirring surface, and the feeding channel is used for feeding materials to one side of a base material. The driving end of the driving part is connected with the stirring part, the driving part is configured to drive the stirring part to rotate to a preset rotating speed and move to a surface of the base material at a preset distance before feeding the materials for the first time. When the materials are fed for the first time, the stirring part is driven to move along a preset track relative to the base material. After the stirring part and / or the base material reach a preset temperature, the stirring part is driven to perform friction stir additive manufacturing. The temperature control part is configured to control the stirring part and / or the base material to reach the preset temperature when the stirring part moves along the preset track. The application can take into account the high quality of the additive body in the starting section and the high production efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of friction stir additive manufacturing technology, and more particularly to friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus and method. Background Technology

[0002] Additive manufacturing technology creates solid parts by gradually adding materials. With the development of the aerospace industry, in order to meet the production needs of large, high-strength integral structural components, friction stir additive manufacturing technology has been developed to enable the manufacture of lightweight alloy structural components such as aluminum and magnesium alloys.

[0003] Friction stir additive manufacturing (FSM) is a solid-state non-melting additive manufacturing method based on friction stir welding. It utilizes the frictional heat generated by the rotation and movement of a stirring head to plastically deform and fuse the materials together. During the additive manufacturing process, FSM avoids defects such as porosity and cracks that occur during the melting and solidification processes of traditional additive manufacturing methods, ensuring that the additive body possesses excellent mechanical properties. The materials used in FSM production vary, including plates, rods, wires, and powders. Using rods in FSM is widely adopted due to their lower cost and higher efficiency compared to other materials.

[0004] However, when using rods for friction stir additive manufacturing, the rods need a certain amount of time to reach a plasticized state. Existing friction stir additive manufacturing devices either sacrifice the quality of the starting section of the additive body to pursue efficiency, or sacrifice efficiency to ensure the quality of the starting section of the additive body, making it difficult to balance both. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the difficulty of existing friction stirring devices in balancing the quality of the starting section additive body and production efficiency, and to provide a friction stirring additive manufacturing device and a friction stirring additive manufacturing method that can balance high quality of the starting section additive body and high production efficiency.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus, comprising: a stirring member having a stirring surface thereon; a feeding channel formed by the axially hollow structure of the stirring member; a discharge end of the feeding channel being disposed on the stirring surface; the feeding channel being used to convey material to a substrate side; a driving member having a driving end connected to the stirring member; the driving member being configured to, before the first conveying of the material, drive the stirring member to rotate to a preset speed and move it to a preset distance from the surface of the substrate; during the first conveying of the material, drive the stirring member to move relative to the substrate along a preset trajectory; and after the stirring member and / or the substrate reach a preset temperature, drive the stirring member to perform friction stir additive manufacturing; and a temperature control member being configured to, when the stirring member moves along the preset trajectory, control the stirring member and / or the substrate to reach the preset temperature.

[0007] In one embodiment of the present invention, the preset distance is set to be no less than 2 mm below the surface of the substrate and no more than 5 mm above the surface of the substrate.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, at least one stirring groove is provided on the stirring surface. The stirring groove is arranged in a ring shape and surrounds the discharge end of the feeding channel. When multiple stirring grooves are provided, the multiple stirring grooves are arranged concentrically.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the dimensions of the stirring tank satisfy the following relationship: D1-15mm≤D2≤D1-2mm, 2mm≤W≤3mm, 1mm≤D3≤2mm, where D1 is the diameter of the stirring surface, D2 is the diameter of the stirring tank, W is the width of the stirring tank, and D1 is the depth of the stirring tank.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, moving along the preset trajectory includes any one of moving in a straight line along the friction stir additive direction and moving towards a side relatively far away from the substrate, moving in a cylindrical spiral along the friction stir additive direction and moving towards a side relatively far away from the substrate, moving in a straight line towards a side relatively far away from the substrate, and moving towards a cylindrical spiral towards a side relatively far away from the substrate.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, when moving toward a cylindrical helix that is relatively far away from the substrate, the cylindrical surface diameter D4 of the cylindrical helix is ​​not greater than the diameter D1 of the stirring surface.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the temperature control element includes a temperature measuring component, which is used to detect the temperature of the stirring element and / or the substrate.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the temperature measuring component is configured as a contact temperature measuring component, the contact temperature measuring component is connected to the stirring component, and the distance D5 between the contact temperature measuring component and the stirring surface satisfies the relationship 0.5mm≤D5≤5mm.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the temperature control element includes a heating element and a cooling element, the heating element being used to heat the stirring element and / or the substrate, and the cooling element being used to cool the stirring element and / or the substrate.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention also provides a method for friction stir additive manufacturing, comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1. The driving component drives the stirring component to rotate to a preset speed and move it to a preset distance from the surface of the substrate.

[0017] S2. Material is conveyed to one side of the substrate through the feeding channel of the agitator;

[0018] The driving component drives the stirring component to move relative to the substrate along a preset trajectory;

[0019] The stirring component and / or the substrate are controlled to reach a preset temperature by a temperature control device;

[0020] S3. After the stirring component and / or the substrate reach a preset temperature, the driving component drives the stirring component to perform friction additive manufacturing.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0022] The friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus of this invention, by incorporating a driving component and a temperature control component to assist the stirring component, utilizes the time it takes for the stirring component to move into position before additive manufacturing begins. This ensures that the bar material has reached a suitable plasticized state for additive manufacturing when the stirring component is in place and friction stir additive manufacturing begins, exhibiting strong adaptability. On one hand, it effectively saves the time wasted by heating after the start of friction stir additive manufacturing, improving production efficiency; on the other hand, it ensures that the material is in a plasticized state during the processing of the stirring component, with a fixed plasticized position, greatly reducing the possibility of poor bonding areas in the initial stage of additive manufacturing, and guaranteeing high additive manufacturing quality in the initial stage. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, wherein...

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the stirring component undergoing frictional additive manufacturing in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stirring component in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stirring surface in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the stirring member moving relative to the substrate along a preset trajectory in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a second schematic diagram of the stirring component moving relative to the substrate along a preset trajectory in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Explanation of reference numerals in the accompanying drawings: 10, mixing component; 11, mixing surface; 111, mixing tank; 12, feeding channel; 121, discharge end; 13, hydraulic cylinder; 131, piston rod; 21, drive spindle; 31, temperature measuring component; 32, temperature control component; 40, worktable; 50, substrate; 51, additive body. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention. However, the embodiments described are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention discloses a stirring friction additive manufacturing apparatus, including a stirring component 10, a driving component, and a temperature control component.

[0034] The mixing component 10 is used to achieve friction stir additive manufacturing of the material and the substrate 50. The mixing component 10 is provided with a mixing surface 11. During the friction stir additive manufacturing process, the mixing surface 11 contacts the substrate 50 to achieve friction stir, so that the material and the substrate 50 are rubbed, squeezed and plasticized to form an additive body 51.

[0035] Preferably, the stirring element 10 is configured as a shaft-like structure. The stirring element 10 is hollow along its axial direction to form a feeding channel 12. The discharge end 121 of the feeding channel 12 is disposed on the stirring surface 11. The feeding channel 12 is used to convey material to one side of the substrate 50. Preferably, the material is a bar made of 6-series aluminum alloy with a diameter of 5 to 30 mm and a length of 200 to 1000 mm; the diameter of the stirring surface 11 is 2 to 50 mm larger than the diameter of the bar. Those skilled in the art can configure the material conveying method according to actual needs; for example, a hydraulic cylinder 13 is provided to apply force to the bar in the feeding channel 12 through the piston rod 131 of the hydraulic cylinder 13. Preferably, during additive manufacturing, the substrate 50 is disposed on the worktable 40, and the friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus is disposed on the side of the substrate 50 facing away from the worktable 40.

[0036] The drive end of the drive component is connected to the stirring component 10. The drive component is used to drive the stirring component 10 to move, including three-axis movement and rotation. Preferably, the drive component includes a drive spindle 21, which is detachably connected to the stirring component 10 for replacement and maintenance. The drive spindle 21 is connected to the drive end of a servo motor. When the servo motor is working, it drives the drive spindle 21 and the stirring component 10 to rotate together. The drive spindle 21 is also connected to a robotic arm, which drives the drive spindle 21 and the stirring component 10 to move together.

[0037] Before the first feeding of the rods, the drive unit rotates the agitator 10 to a preset speed and moves it to a preset distance relative to the surface of the substrate 50. Those skilled in the art can set the preset speed according to actual needs; preferably, it is set to 100 to 3000 r / min, with a torque of not less than 200 N·mm. The preset distance affects the heat generation state and heat storage time of the agitator 10 when additive manufacturing begins, and those skilled in the art can set the preset distance according to actual needs. Preferably, after reaching the preset speed, the drive unit moves the agitator 10 at a speed of 20 to 30 mm / min.

[0038] During the initial material feeding, the drive unit moves the agitator 10 relative to the substrate 50 along a preset trajectory, causing the agitator surface 11 of the agitator 10 to move to the position of the corresponding additive body 51. Those skilled in the art can set the preset trajectory according to actual needs to coordinate with the temperature control unit to control the plasticization range of the rod. Preferably, while feeding rods with a length of 4 to 9 mm, the drive unit moves the agitator 10 relative to the substrate 50 along the preset trajectory.

[0039] The temperature control element is configured to control the agitator 10 and / or the substrate 50 to reach a preset temperature as the agitator 10 moves along a preset trajectory. For example, during the first material feed, the temperature control element measures the temperature of the corresponding component and regulates it by heating or cooling to bring the corresponding component to the preset temperature. For example, at a distance of 1 to 2 mm from the agitator surface 11 away from the substrate 50, the preset temperature of the agitator 10 is 380 to 450°C, and the preset temperature of the substrate 50 is 300 to 400°C; either condition is sufficient for friction stir additive manufacturing. By setting this structure, the time taken for the agitator 10 to move before friction stir additive manufacturing is fully utilized to heat the corresponding components. When the agitator 10 moves into position and friction stir additive manufacturing begins, the rod has already reached a suitable plasticized state for additive manufacturing. Therefore, at the start of friction stir additive manufacturing, the plasticized position is fixed, and the possibility of poor bonding areas in the additive body 51 is greatly reduced, saving time, improving production efficiency, and ensuring high additive quality at the beginning stage. It should be noted that the temperature control component is not limited to temperature control only during the first material feeding; it can also be used as needed in subsequent additive manufacturing processes.

[0040] After the stirring element 10 and / or the substrate 50 reach a preset temperature, the driving element drives the stirring element 10 to perform friction stir additive manufacturing. Preferably, during additive manufacturing, the driving element drives the stirring element 10 to move along the additive direction at a speed of 10 to 1000 mm / min; the thickness of the single-layer additive body 51 is 0.1 to 5 mm.

[0041] The friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus of this invention, by incorporating a driving component and a temperature control component to assist the stirring component 10, heats the material during the time it takes for the stirring component 10 to move into position before additive manufacturing begins. This ensures that the rod material has reached a suitable plasticized state for additive manufacturing when the stirring component 10 is in position and friction stir additive manufacturing begins, demonstrating strong adaptability. On one hand, it effectively saves the time wasted by heating after the start of friction stir additive manufacturing, improving production efficiency; on the other hand, it ensures that the material is in a plasticized state during processing by the stirring component 10, with a fixed plasticized position, greatly reducing the possibility of poor bonding areas in the starting section of the additive body 51, and guaranteeing high additive manufacturing quality in the starting section.

[0042] Reference Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments of the friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, the preset distance H is set to be no less than 2 mm below the surface of the substrate 50 and no more than 5 mm above the surface of the substrate 50. The preset distance affects the heat generation state and heat storage time when the stirring element 10 starts additive manufacturing.

[0043] With the mixing surface 11 and the substrate 50 surface as references, when the preset distance H is too low, causing the mixing surface 11 to be 2mm below the surface of the substrate 50, the torque required for the agitator 10 during additive manufacturing is too large. When the preset distance H is too high, causing the mixing surface 11 to be 5mm above the surface of the substrate 50, the forging effect of the agitator 10 on the rod after plasticization is not obvious, which easily affects the bonding effect, leading to problems such as loose bonding and material flying. When the distance is not lower than 2mm below the surface of the substrate 50 to flush with the surface of the substrate 50, the agitator 10 can generate heat quickly through friction with the substrate 50 during the initial additive manufacturing process, which is especially suitable for materials with higher plasticization temperatures. When the distance is flush with the surface of the substrate 50 to not higher than 5mm above the surface of the substrate 50, the heat generation is lower, which is especially suitable for materials with lower plasticization temperatures. Those skilled in the art can set the preset distance H as needed, such as -2mm, -1mm, flush, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, etc.

[0044] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments of the friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, at least one stirring groove 111 is provided on the stirring surface 11. The stirring groove 111 is arranged in annular shape and surrounds the discharge end 121 of the feeding channel 12. When multiple stirring grooves 111 are provided, the multiple stirring grooves 111 are arranged concentrically. By providing the stirring groove 111, the flow rate of the material can be increased during the rotation of the stirring component 10, effectively increasing the heat generation of the stirring component 10 per unit time, thereby achieving rapid heat generation at the starting position and enabling the material to reach the plasticized state more quickly. This ensures high quality in the starting section while saving the time required for plasticization and improving production efficiency. At the same time, it can also improve the downward flowability of plastic aggregates, improve the interlayer bonding strength, and make the additive body 51 more tightly bonded, thereby further ensuring high additive manufacturing quality in the starting section. Of course, it is not limited to providing only a stirring groove 111. In some other embodiments, concave surfaces or other structures can also be provided to achieve similar effects.

[0045] Furthermore, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown, in some embodiments of the friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, the dimensions of the stirring tank 111 satisfy the following relationships: D1-15mm≤D2≤D1-2mm, 2mm≤W≤3mm, 1mm≤D3≤2mm. Wherein, D1 is the diameter of the stirring surface 11, D2 is the diameter of the stirring tank 111, W is the width of the stirring tank 111, and D3 is the depth of the stirring tank 111. Preferably, the bottom of the stirring tank 111 has a rounded corner transition. By limiting the dimensions of the stirring tank 111, the high quality and high efficiency of the initial stage of additive manufacturing can be further ensured. When the diameter of the stirring tank 111 is greater than 15mm smaller than the diameter of the stirring surface 11, the stirring tank 111 is difficult to cover the edge of the stirring surface 11 for material flow; when the diameter of the stirring tank 111 is less than 2mm smaller than the diameter of the stirring surface 11, the stirring tank 111 is too close to the edge of the stirring surface 11, affecting the control effect of the stirring element 10 on the material. Those skilled in the art can set the diameter D2 of the mixing tank 111 as needed, such as D1-15mm, D1-14mm, D1-13mm, D1-12mm, D1-11mm, D1-10mm, D1-9mm, D1-8mm, D1-7mm, D1-6mm, D1-5mm, D1-4mm, D1-3mm, D1-2mm, etc.

[0046] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments of the friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, the movement along a preset trajectory includes any one of the following: moving in a straight line along the friction stir additive direction and moving towards a side relatively far away from the substrate 50, moving in a cylindrical spiral along the friction stir additive direction and moving towards a side relatively far away from the substrate 50, moving in a straight line towards a side relatively far away from the substrate 50, and moving towards a cylindrical spiral towards a side relatively far away from the substrate 50. Figure 7 In the diagram, a cylindrical helix is ​​indicated by a dashed line. By setting different preset trajectories, the temperature control time can be easily adjusted according to the material of the bar, making the heat generation zone of the initiation stage of friction stir additive manufacturing controllable.

[0047] Taking a linear movement towards a side relatively far from the substrate 50 as an example, the heat generation area is the contact area between the stirring surface 11, the rod, and the substrate 50. In this case, the rod is directly ejected, resulting in lower heat generation, which is suitable for materials with lower plasticizing temperatures. Taking a cylindrical spiral movement towards a side relatively far from the substrate 50 as an example, in addition to linear movement, it also includes friction from movement along the spiral direction of the cylindrical spiral, resulting in higher heat generation and a material flow state closer to formal additive manufacturing, making it particularly suitable for materials with higher plasticizing temperatures.

[0048] Furthermore, refer to Figure 7As shown, in some embodiments of the friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, when moving towards a cylindrical helix relatively away from the substrate 50, the diameter D4 of the cylindrical surface of the helix is ​​not greater than the diameter D1 of the stirring surface 11. When the diameter D4 of the cylindrical surface of the helix is ​​greater than the diameter D1 of the stirring surface 11, it will cause a material shortage problem at the beginning of the additive manufacturing process, thus affecting the additive manufacturing quality. Therefore, by limiting the diameter of the cylindrical helix, the high additive manufacturing quality of the beginning section can be effectively guaranteed.

[0049] Reference Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments of the friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, the temperature control element includes a temperature measuring component 31, which is used to detect the temperature of the stirring component 10 and / or the substrate 50. Preferably, temperature measuring components 31 are provided for both the stirring component 10 and the substrate 50 to achieve the best effect. By providing the temperature measuring component 31, the temperature of the corresponding component can be detected in real time, thereby facilitating temperature adjustment based on the detection results to meet additive manufacturing requirements, ensure high starting-stage additive manufacturing quality, and reduce the difficulty of operating the apparatus. Those skilled in the art can configure the temperature measuring component 31 according to actual needs, such as a non-contact temperature measuring component or a contact temperature measuring component.

[0050] Furthermore, refer to Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments of the friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, the temperature measuring component 31 is configured as a contact temperature measuring component. Preferably, it is configured as a thermocouple. The contact temperature measuring component is not limited by the ambient temperature and the surface condition on which it is located, and has higher measurement accuracy. Taking the stirring component 10 as an example, the contact temperature measuring component is connected to the stirring component 10, and the distance D5 between the contact temperature measuring component and the stirring surface 11 satisfies the relationship 0.5mm≤D5≤5mm. By limiting the distance D5, the strength and service life of the stirring component 10 can be guaranteed, and timely detection feedback and accurate detection results can be ensured. When the distance D5 is too small, less than 0.5mm, it is easy to affect the strength of the stirring component 10, reduce its service life and cause damage to the stirring component 10; when the distance D5 is too large, greater than 5mm, the temperature needs to be conducted through the stirring component 10 before being transmitted to the contact temperature measuring component, resulting in untimely feedback and inaccurate measurement results. Those skilled in the art can set the distance D5 according to actual needs, such as 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm, 5mm, etc. Taking the substrate 50 as an example, the contact temperature measuring component is connected to the worktable 40, and the distance between the contact temperature measuring component and the surface of the substrate 50 in contact with the worktable 40 is set to 0.5mm to 5mm, the reasons for which will not be elaborated further.

[0051] Reference Figure 3As shown, in some embodiments of the friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, the temperature control component includes a temperature control element 32. The temperature control element 32 includes a heating element and a cooling element. The heating element is used to heat the stirring element 10 and / or the substrate 50, and the cooling element is used to cool the stirring element 10 and / or the substrate 50. Those skilled in the art can configure the heating element and cooling element according to actual needs, for example, setting the heating element to inductive heating, resistance heating, etc.; and setting the cooling element to air cooling, liquid cooling, etc. Preferably, liquid cooling and resistance heating are selected because they have a fast response and are environmentally friendly.

[0052] This invention discloses a method for friction stir additive manufacturing, comprising the following steps:

[0053] S1. Drive the stirring component 10 to rotate to a preset speed and move it to a preset distance from the surface of the substrate 50 by the driving component;

[0054] S2. Material is conveyed to the substrate 50 side through the feeding channel 12 of the agitator 10; the agitator 10 is driven to move relative to the substrate 50 along a preset trajectory through the driving component; the agitator 10 and / or the substrate 50 are controlled to reach a preset temperature through the temperature control component.

[0055] S3. After the stirring component 10 and / or the substrate 50 reach the preset temperature, the driving component drives the stirring component 10 to perform stirring friction additive manufacturing.

[0056] Working principle:

[0057] First, the drive unit drives the stirring component 10 to rotate, so that its rotational speed reaches 800 to 1200 r / min. After reaching the corresponding rotational speed, the drive unit drives the stirring component 10 to move at a speed of 20 to 30 mm / min to a position 1.5 to 3 mm above the surface of the substrate 50.

[0058] Secondly, driven by the piston rod 131 of the hydraulic cylinder 13, the rod in the feeding channel 12 is fed out by 4 to 9 mm, so that the rod contacts the substrate 50. During the feeding of the rod, the driving component drives the stirring component 10 to move along a cylindrical spiral towards the side relatively away from the substrate 50, until it is 1 to 2.5 mm above the surface of the additive body 51 formed after the first additive manufacturing. At the same time, the temperature measuring component 31, the heating component, and the cooling component cooperate to make the stirring component 10 reach 380 to 450°C or the substrate 50 reach 300 to 400°C.

[0059] Finally, when one of the two reaches the corresponding temperature, the drive unit drives the stirring unit 10 to move along the additive direction at a speed of 200 to 400 mm / min to carry out friction stirring additive manufacturing, so as to balance high production efficiency and high additive quality of the starting section.

[0060] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus, characterized in that, include: A mixing component, wherein the mixing component is provided with a mixing surface, the mixing component is hollow along the axial direction to form a feeding channel, the discharge end of the feeding channel is disposed on the mixing surface, and the feeding channel is used to convey material to the substrate side; A driving component, the driving end of which is connected to the stirring component, is configured to, before the material is first conveyed, drive the stirring component to rotate to a preset speed and move it to a preset distance from the surface of the substrate; during the first conveying of the material, drive the stirring component to move relative to the substrate along a preset trajectory; and after the stirring component and / or the substrate reaches a preset temperature, drive the stirring component to perform friction stirring additive manufacturing; wherein, moving along the preset trajectory means moving along the friction stirring additive manufacturing direction and moving towards a cylindrical helix relatively away from the substrate, or moving towards a cylindrical helix relatively away from the substrate, wherein the diameter D4 of the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical helix is ​​not greater than the diameter D1 of the stirring surface; A temperature control element is configured to control the stirring element and / or the substrate to reach the preset temperature when the stirring element moves along the preset trajectory.

2. The friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preset distance is set to be no less than 2 mm below the surface of the substrate and no more than 5 mm above the surface of the substrate.

3. The friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one stirring trough is provided on the stirring surface. The stirring trough is arranged in a ring shape and surrounds the discharge end of the feeding channel. When there are multiple stirring troughs, the multiple stirring troughs are arranged concentrically.

4. The friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: The dimensions of the mixing tank satisfy the following relationship: D1-15mm≤D2≤D1-2mm, 2mm≤W≤3mm, 1mm≤D3≤2mm, where D1 is the diameter of the mixing surface, D2 is the diameter of the mixing tank, W is the width of the mixing tank, and D3 is the depth of the mixing tank.

5. The friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature control component includes a temperature measuring component, which is used to detect the temperature of the stirring component and / or the substrate.

6. The friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that: The temperature measuring component is configured as a contact temperature measuring component, which is connected to the stirring component. The distance D5 between the contact temperature measuring component and the stirring surface satisfies the following relationship: 0.5mm≤D5≤5mm.

7. The friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, 5, or 6, characterized in that: The temperature control component includes a heating component and a cooling component. The heating component is used to heat the stirring component and / or the substrate, and the cooling component is used to cool the stirring component and / or the substrate.

8. A method for friction stir additive manufacturing, applied to the friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The driving component drives the stirring component to rotate to a preset speed and move it to a preset distance from the surface of the substrate; S2. Material is conveyed to one side of the substrate through the feeding channel of the agitator; The driving component drives the stirring component to move relative to the substrate along a preset trajectory; The stirring component and / or the substrate are controlled to reach a preset temperature by a temperature control device; S3. After the stirring component and / or the substrate reach a preset temperature, the driving component drives the stirring component to perform friction additive manufacturing.

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