Planting machine with adjustable row spacing

Abstract

The application discloses a transplanting machine with adjustable plant spacing and belongs to the technical field of agricultural instruments, and aims to solve the problems in the prior art. The application comprises a vehicle frame, a seedling outlet is arranged on the vehicle frame, a seedling conveying mechanism is arranged on the upper end of the vehicle frame, the seedling conveying mechanism at least comprises first and second variable-pitch guide rollers which are arranged in parallel and rotate in opposite directions, chain pepper seedlings are separated by the seedling conveying mechanism and are sequentially conveyed to the seedling outlet, a transplanting mechanism is arranged below the vehicle frame, the pepper seedlings falling into the duck-bill planter of the transplanting mechanism are planted through the up-down movement and the opening and closing movement of the duck-bill planter, a soil covering and compacting mechanism is arranged below the vehicle frame and at the rear of the transplanting mechanism, the soil around the planted pepper seedlings is covered and compacted through the soil covering and compacting mechanism, a walking mechanism is arranged below the vehicle frame, and a transmission mechanism is arranged, and the whole chain pepper seedling transplanting device is driven to move by the transmission mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically relating to a transplanter with adjustable plant spacing. Background Technology

[0002] Chili peppers and other crops, as cash crops, have wide applications and market prospects globally, and the optimization of their cultivation techniques directly affects the industry's economic benefits. Seedling cultivation and transplanting are technology-intensive processes, involving multiple aspects such as seedling raising, transplanting, fertilization, and pest and disease management. Each step requires precise control to ensure high-quality and high-yield chili peppers. Currently, chili pepper cultivation generally adopts the method of raising seedlings before transplanting, and this process is gradually being dominated by automated transplanting machinery. Nevertheless, most transplanting machines on the domestic market still face challenges such as insufficient operational smoothness and high labor costs. Furthermore, the traditional stem-clamping design often leads to damage to the stems of seedlings in plug trays; these factors collectively constitute a bottleneck for the industry's development.

[0003] In existing technologies, seedling transplanting devices mainly employ four methods: clamp-type transplanters, guide tube transplanters, hanging basket transplanters, and flexible disc transplanters. Clamp-type transplanters have a simple structure, relatively low manufacturing cost, and relatively stable planting depth and spacing. However, adjusting the spacing is difficult, and seedlings are easily damaged by the clamps, resulting in low transplanting efficiency and a relatively high rate of missed planting. Guide tube transplanters allow seedlings to move freely within the guide tube, reducing the risk of injury. The frequency of manual feeding can be appropriately increased, achieving a transplanting rate of 55-65 seedlings / min, approximately 40% higher than clamp-type transplanters. However, this machine has a relatively complex structure and higher manufacturing cost. The hanging basket transplanter relies on manual labor to remove seedlings from their trays and feed them into a hanging cup that has rotated to its highest position. Driven by a rotating eccentric disc, the cup opens at its lowest position under the action of a cam on the planting disc, allowing the seedling to fall into the furrow created by the furrow opener. The furrow's automatic soil-covering function covers the seedlings with soil to stabilize them. Then, a soil-covering and compacting wheel covers and compacts the seedlings a second time. However, this machine has a relatively complex structure, and the feeding rate is limited by manual labor, preventing excessively fast transplanting. The flexible disc transplanter relies on manual labor to remove seedlings from their trays and feed them into the trough of a conveyor belt. The seedlings then move with the conveyor belt, are held by a shape-changing planting disc, and are planted into the furrow created by the furrow opener. A compacting wheel covers and compacts the soil, completing the transplanting process. This device is not limited by the number of seedling clamps or hanging baskets, and is highly adaptable to the spacing between transplanting plants. However, the spacing and depth of transplanting plants are not easy to control, which can easily lead to seedling burying or damage. In addition, the flexible disc has a short service life. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to propose a transplanter with adjustable plant spacing, which solves the problems of existing technologies such as easy damage to potted seedlings, low transplanting efficiency, relatively high rate of missed planting, difficulty in controlling transplanting plant spacing and transplanting depth, complex structure and short lifespan.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a transplanter with adjustable plant spacing, comprising: The frame has a seedling outlet at the end of the frame along the direction of travel. The seedling conveying mechanism is set at the upper end of the frame. The seedling conveying mechanism includes at least a first variable pitch guide roller and a second variable pitch guide roller arranged in parallel and rotating in opposite directions. The chain seedlings are separated and conveyed to the seedling outlet hole in sequence by the action of the first variable pitch guide roller and the second variable pitch guide roller. The transplanting mechanism located below the frame includes at least a duckbill planter with an upper opening opposite to the seedling outlet of the frame. The planter plants seedlings that fall into the duckbill planter by moving up and down and opening and closing. The soil covering and compaction mechanism is located below the frame and behind the transplanting mechanism in the direction of travel. The soil covering and compaction mechanism covers and compacts the soil around the planted seedlings. The running gear is located below the vehicle frame; And a transmission mechanism, which drives the chain seedling transplanting device to move as a whole.

[0006] The seedling delivery mechanism also includes: A seedling storage bin is fixedly installed at the upper end of the frame, and the outlet of the seedling storage bin is located at the rear in the direction of travel; the outlet of the seedling storage bin is located at the feed end of the first variable pitch guide roller and the second variable pitch guide roller. The first bearing housing and the second bearing housing, and the two ends of the first variable pitch guide roller and the second variable pitch guide roller are respectively supported on the upper surface of the frame through the first bearing housing and the second bearing housing; A first gear is disposed at the discharge end of the first variable pitch guide roller; And a second gear disposed at the discharge end of the second variable pitch guide roller; the meshing of the first gear and the second gear causes the first variable pitch guide roller and the second variable pitch guide roller to rotate synchronously in opposite directions.

[0007] A conical transition section is provided between the outlet of the seedling storage bin and the main body of the seedling storage bin, and the width of the outlet of the seedling storage bin is smaller than the width of the main body of the seedling storage bin.

[0008] The pitch of the first variable pitch guide roller and the second variable pitch guide roller gradually increases from the inlet end near the seedling storage bin to the outlet end.

[0009] The transplanting mechanism also includes a crank-connecting rod mechanism and a parallel four-bar linkage. The transmission mechanism drives the duckbill planter to move up and down along a predetermined trajectory through the crank-connecting rod mechanism and the parallel four-bar linkage. The duckbill implanter includes: A circular frame is fixedly connected to the force output end of the parallel four-bar linkage. The first blade that rotates with the upper end of the ring frame; The second blade rotates with the ring frame at the upper end. The first blade and the second blade rotate relative to the ring frame to form a cone with a closed lower end or a cone with an open lower end. A first fixing rod is fixedly connected to one end of the upper side of the first blade, and a limit baffle is provided on the lower side of the other end of the first fixing rod; The first rotating rod is rotatably connected to the first fixed rod by a pin. When the first rotating rod rotates relative to the first fixed rod and is coaxial with the first fixed rod, it stops rotating by a limiting baffle. The first L-shaped limiting rod is fixed to the lower end face of the frame. The first L-shaped limiting rod is located in the middle of the movement trajectory of the first rotating rod. The first L-shaped limiting rod is in contact with or detached from the first rotating rod. The first rotating rod drives the first blade to rotate relative to the circular frame or return to its natural state. A second fixing rod is fixedly connected to one side of the upper end of the second blade, and a limit baffle is provided on the lower side of the other end of the second fixing rod; The second rotating rod is rotatably connected to the second fixed rod by a pin. When the second rotating rod rotates relative to the second fixed rod and becomes coaxial with the second fixed rod, it stops rotating by a limit baffle. And a second L-shaped limiting rod fixed to the lower end face of the frame. The second L-shaped limiting rod is located in the middle of the movement trajectory of the second rotating rod. The second L-shaped limiting rod is in contact with or detached from the second rotating rod, and drives the second blade to rotate relative to the circular frame or return to its natural state through the second rotating rod.

[0010] The soil compaction mechanism includes: A square tube fixedly connected at one end to the upper end of the vehicle frame; The compaction rod includes a main rod body that slides with the square tube and wheel frames symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main rod body, with the lower ends of the two wheel frames inclined inward. The spring located inside the square tube has its two ends in contact with the bottom of the square tube and the end of the main rod, respectively. The two soil-covering compaction wheels are located on the inner side of the lower end of the two wheel frames of the compaction rod and rotate with the wheel frames; the intersection of the axes of the two soil-covering compaction wheels is located on the extension line of the axis of the square tube.

[0011] The walking mechanism includes: A front axle, wherein the front axle is located at the lower end of the frame in front of the direction of travel; Two solid rubber wheels are located at both ends of the front axle; And two omnidirectional wheels, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower end of the frame in the direction of travel.

[0012] The transmission mechanism includes: A motor fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the vehicle frame; A drive shaft is disposed on the lower surface of the frame, and one end of the drive shaft is connected to the motor via a coupling. A first synchronous belt pulley is coaxially fixed at the other end of the drive shaft; A driven shaft is arranged parallel to the drive shaft, and the driven shaft is located on the lower surface of the frame and at the centerline of the frame; A second synchronous pulley is coaxially fixed on the driven shaft. The first synchronous pulley and the second synchronous pulley are connected by a belt for transmission. The end of the driven shaft near the front wheel axle of the traveling mechanism drives the front wheel axle to rotate through a differential and the front wheel axle. The working shaft is coaxially arranged with the driven shaft; An armature is provided at one end of the driven shaft near the working shaft; A coil is disposed at one end of the working shaft near the driven shaft. The armature and the coil constitute an electromagnetic clutch. The armature is attracted by switching the electromagnetic clutch on and off, so that the driven shaft and the working shaft can rotate synchronously. The guide roller shaft is arranged parallel to the drive shaft; A third synchronous pulley is coaxially fixed on the working shaft; A fourth synchronous pulley is coaxially fixed on the guide roller shaft, and the third synchronous pulley and the fourth synchronous pulley are connected by a belt for transmission; A fifth synchronous pulley is coaxially fixed on the guide roller shaft; A sixth synchronous pulley is coaxially fixed at the feed end of the first or second variable pitch guide roller, and the fifth and sixth synchronous pulleys are connected by a belt for transmission. The bevel gear shaft is arranged perpendicular to the working shaft; A first bevel gear is coaxially fixed at the end of the working shaft; And a second bevel gear coaxially fixed at one end of the bevel gear shaft. The meshing of the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear drives the bevel gear shaft to rotate, which in turn drives the parallel four-bar linkage of the transplanting mechanism.

[0013] The differential connected between the driven shaft and the front wheel axle has a transmission ratio of 1:2.

[0014] The transmission ratio between the third and fourth synchronous pulleys is 2:1.

[0015] The transmission ratio of the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear is 2:1.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides an adjustable-spacing transplanter for manually controlling the transplanting of seedlings on soft, flat land. During its movement, it achieves chain-like seedling transport, separation, planting, and soil covering and compaction. The variable-pitch guide rollers separate the seedlings from the pots, preventing damage during separation. This results in high transplanting efficiency, stable and reliable operation, and avoids underloading. The stable movement of the mechanism ensures accurate seedling spacing and depth. The overall structure is simple and easy to operate. Furthermore, the planting spacing can be indirectly adjusted by adjusting the walking speed, the rotation speed of the seedling transport mechanism, or the up-and-down movement frequency of the transplanting mechanism. This invention constructs an integrated planting power system, enabling multi-task drive from a single power source. It effectively overcomes technical obstacles in seedling separation and planting, improving operational continuity and efficiency. Based on a single-core drive design concept, integrating mechanical and control systems, and innovatively applying irregularly shaped screws and novel seedling storage bin technology, it not only ensures damage-free seedling transport and precise separation but also significantly reduces equipment costs. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the seedling conveying mechanism in a transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the transplanting mechanism in a transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the duckbill planter structure in a transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the soil compaction mechanism in a transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the walking mechanism in a transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism in a transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to the present invention; The components include: 1. Frame; 2. Seedling conveying mechanism; 201. First variable pitch guide roller; 202. Second variable pitch guide roller; 203. Seedling storage bin; 204. First bearing seat; 205. Second bearing seat; 206. First gear; 207. Second gear; 3. Transplanting mechanism; 301. Duckbill planter; 302. Ring frame; 303. First blade; 304. Second blade; 305. First fixed rod; 306. First rotating rod; 307. First L-shaped limiting rod; 308. Second fixed rod; 309. Second rotating rod; 310. Second L-shaped limiting rod; 311. Crank-connecting rod mechanism; 312. Parallel four-bar linkage; 313. Crank; 314. First connecting rod; 315. Second connecting rod; 316. Third connecting rod; 317. Fourth connecting rod; 4. 1. Soil compaction mechanism, 401. Square tube, 402. Compaction rod, 403. Main rod body, 404. Wheel frame, 405. Spring, 406. Soil compaction wheel, 5. Traveling mechanism, 501. Front axle, 502. Solid rubber wheel, 503. Universal wheel, 6. Transmission mechanism, 601. Motor, 602. Drive shaft, 603. Coupling, 604. First synchronous pulley, 605. Driven shaft, 606. Second synchronous pulley, 607. Differential, 608. Working shaft, 609. Armature, 610. Coil, 611. Guide roller shaft, 612. Third synchronous pulley, 613. Fourth synchronous pulley, 614. Fifth synchronous pulley, 615. Sixth synchronous pulley, 616. Bevel gear shaft, 617. First bevel gear, 618. Second bevel gear. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] See Figure 1 The present invention provides a transplanter with adjustable plant spacing, comprising: The frame 1 has a seedling outlet hole at the end of the frame 1 along the direction of travel; The seedling conveying mechanism 2 is set on the upper end of the frame 1. The seedling conveying mechanism 2 includes at least a first variable pitch guide roller 201 and a second variable pitch guide roller 202 that are arranged in parallel and rotate in opposite directions. The chain seedlings are separated and conveyed to the seedling outlet hole in sequence by the action of the first variable pitch guide roller 201 and the second variable pitch guide roller 202. The transplanting mechanism 3 located below the frame 1 includes at least a duckbill planter 301 with an upper opening opposite to the seedling outlet of the frame 1. The planter plants seedlings falling into the duckbill planter 301 are planted by the up-and-down movement and opening and closing movement of the duckbill planter 301. The soil covering and compaction mechanism 4 is located below the frame 1 and behind the transplanting mechanism 3 in the direction of travel. The soil covering and compaction mechanism 4 covers and compacts the soil around the planted seedlings. The traveling mechanism 5 is located below the frame 1; And a transmission mechanism 6, which drives the chain seedling transplanting device to move as a whole.

[0020] See Figure 2 The seedling delivery mechanism 2 further includes: The seedling storage bin 203 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the frame 1. The outlet of the seedling storage bin 203 is located at the rear in the direction of travel. The outlet of the seedling storage bin 203 is located at the feed end of the first variable pitch guide roller 201 and the second variable pitch guide roller 202. The first bearing seat 204 and the second bearing seat 205, the first variable pitch guide roller 201 and the second variable pitch guide roller 202 are respectively supported on the upper surface of the frame 1 by the first bearing seat 204 and the second bearing seat 205. A first gear 206 is disposed at the discharge end of the first variable pitch guide roller 201; And a second gear 207 is provided at the discharge end of the second variable pitch guide roller 202; the meshing of the first gear 206 and the second gear 207 causes the first variable pitch guide roller 201 and the second variable pitch guide roller 202 to rotate synchronously in opposite directions.

[0021] A conical transition section is provided between the outlet of the seedling storage bin 203 and the body of the seedling storage bin 203, and the width of the outlet of the seedling storage bin 203 is smaller than the width of the body of the seedling storage bin 203.

[0022] The pitch of the first variable pitch guide roller 201 and the second variable pitch guide roller 202 gradually increases from the inlet end near the seedling storage bin 203 to the outlet end.

[0023] The function of the seedling conveying mechanism 2 is to separate the chain of seedlings in the seedling storage bin 203 into individual seedlings, and send them sequentially to the seedling outlet, through which they fall into the duckbill planter 301 of the transplanting mechanism 3. The seedling storage bin 203 is welded to the frame 1. The sixth synchronous pulley 615 of the transmission mechanism 6 is located at the end of the first variable pitch guide roller 201, driving the first variable pitch guide roller 201 to rotate. The first bearing seat 204 and the second bearing seat 205 support the first variable pitch guide roller 201 and the second variable pitch guide roller 202. At the same time, the first variable pitch guide roller 201 and the second variable pitch guide roller 202 achieve opposite rotation through the meshing of the first gear 206 and the second gear 207. As the pitch increases, the connected paper bags are torn apart, realizing the function of conveying and separating the chain of seedlings.

[0024] See Figure 3 and Figure 4The transplanting mechanism 3 also includes a crank-connecting rod mechanism 311 and a parallel four-bar linkage 312. The transmission mechanism 6 drives the duckbill planter 301 to move up and down along a predetermined trajectory through the crank-connecting rod mechanism 311 and the parallel four-bar linkage 312. The duckbill implanter 301 includes: A circular frame 302 is fixedly connected to the force output end of the parallel four-bar linkage 312. The first blade 303 is rotatably fitted to the upper end of the ring frame 302; The second blade 304, which rotates with the ring frame 302 at its upper end, forms a cone with a closed lower end or a cone with an open lower end during the rotation process of the first blade 303 and the second blade 304 relative to the ring frame 302. A first fixing rod 305 is fixedly connected to one end of the upper side of the first blade 303, and a limit baffle is provided on the lower side of the other end of the first fixing rod 305. The first rotating rod 306, which is rotatably connected to the first fixed rod 305 via a pin, stops rotating when it rotates relative to the first fixed rod 305 and is coaxial with it. The first L-shaped limiting rod 307 is fixed on the lower end face of the frame 1. The first L-shaped limiting rod 307 is located in the middle of the movement trajectory of the first rotating rod 306. The first L-shaped limiting rod 307 is in contact with or detached from the first rotating rod 306. The first rotating rod 306 drives the first blade 303 to rotate relative to the ring frame 302 or return to its natural state. A second fixing rod 308 is fixedly connected to one side of the upper end of the second blade 304, and a limit baffle is provided on the lower side of the other end of the second fixing rod 308; The second rotating rod 309, which is rotatably connected to the second fixed rod 308 via a pin, stops rotating when it rotates relative to the second fixed rod 308 and becomes coaxial with it. And a second L-shaped limiting rod 310 fixed to the lower end face of the frame 1. The second L-shaped limiting rod 310 is located in the middle of the movement trajectory of the second rotating rod 309. The second L-shaped limiting rod 310 is in contact with or detached from the second rotating rod 309. The second rotating rod 309 drives the second blade 304 to rotate relative to the ring frame 302 or return to its natural state.

[0025] The short rod of the first L-shaped limiting rod 307 is perpendicular to the first fixed rod 305, and the short rod of the second L-shaped limiting rod 310 is perpendicular to the second fixed rod 308; As the duckbill planter 301 moves downward, the lower end face of the first rotating rod 306 located at one end of the first fixed rod 305 contacts the short rod of the first L-shaped limiting rod 307, and the first rotating rod 306 rotates upward relative to the first fixed rod 305. The lower end face of the second rotating rod 309 located at one end of the second fixed rod 308 contacts the short rod of the second L-shaped limiting rod 310, and the second rotating rod 309 rotates upward relative to the second fixed rod 308. The first blade 303 and the second blade 304 are not under force and hang down naturally, embedding themselves into the soil for planting. As the duckbill implanter 301 moves upward, the upper end face of the first rotating rod 306 located at one end of the first fixed rod 305 contacts the short rod of the first L-shaped limiting rod 307. Due to the limiting baffle of the first fixed rod 305, the first rotating rod 306 and the first fixed rod 305 as a whole are subjected to the downward force of the first L-shaped limiting rod 307, causing the first blade 303 to rotate. The upper end face of the second rotating rod 309 located at one end of the second fixed rod 308 contacts the short rod of the second L-shaped limiting rod 310. Due to the limiting baffle of the second fixed rod 308, the second rotating rod 309 and the second fixed rod 308 as a whole are subjected to the second L-shaped limiting force. The downward force of rod 310 causes the second blade 304 to rotate; as the first blade 303 and the second blade 304 rotate, the lower end of the duckbill planter 301 opens, releasing the seedling and completing the planting; the duckbill planter 301 continues to move upward, and when it reaches the combined length limit position of the first rotating rod 306 and the first fixed rod 305 and the combined length limit position of the second rotating rod 309 and the second fixed rod 308, the first rotating rod 306 and the first fixed rod 305 move together above the first L-shaped limiting rod 307, and the second rotating rod 309 and the second fixed rod 308 move together above the second L-shaped limiting rod 310; the movement is repeated to achieve the planting of the seedling.

[0026] The crank-connecting rod mechanism 311 includes: Crank 313, one end of which is connected to the bevel gear shaft 616 of the transmission mechanism 6; And the first link 314, one end of the first link 314 is connected to the crank 313 and the frame 1 via a pin, and the other end is connected to the parallel four-bar linkage 312.

[0027] The parallel four-bar linkage 312 includes: The second link 315, one end of which is rotatably connected to the frame 1 via a pin; the other end of the first link 314 is rotatably connected to the middle of the second link 315. A third link 316 is arranged parallel to the second link 315, and one end of the third link 316 is rotatably connected to the frame 1 via a pin. The fourth link 317 is rotatably connected at both ends to the other ends of the second link 315 and the third link 316 respectively via pins. The frame 1, the second link 315, the third link 316 and the fourth link 317 constitute a parallel four-bar linkage 312. The fourth link 317 is fixedly connected to the ring frame 302 of the duckbill implanter 301.

[0028] The transplanting mechanism 3 is used to transplant the seedlings from the seedling conveying mechanism 2 into the soil. The seedlings fall into the duckbill planter 301 through the seedling outlet. The transmission mechanism 6 drives the parallel four-bar linkage 312, causing the duckbill planter 301 to reciprocate up and down. The first rotating rod 306 is rotatably connected to the first fixed rod 305 via a pin, and the second rotating rod 309 is rotatably connected to the duckbill planter 301 via a pin. The first L-shaped limiting rod 307 and the second L-shaped limiting rod 310 respectively limit the movement of the first rotating rod 306 and the second rotating rod 309, enabling the opening and closing of the duckbill planter 301 for seedling transplanting.

[0029] See Figure 5 The soil compaction mechanism 4 includes: A square tube 401 is fixedly connected at one end to the upper end of the vehicle frame 1; The compaction rod 402 includes a main rod body 403 that slides with the square tube 401 and wheel frames 404 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main rod body 403. The lower ends of the two wheel frames 404 are inclined inward. A spring 405 is located inside the square tube 401, and both ends of the spring 405 are in contact with the bottom of the square tube 401 and the end of the main rod 403, respectively. And soil compaction wheels 406, the two soil compaction wheels 406 are respectively located on the inner side of the lower end of the two wheel frames 404 of the compaction rod 402 and rotate with the wheel frames 404; the intersection of the axes of the two soil compaction wheels 406 is located on the extension line of the axis of the square tube 401.

[0030] The function of the soil covering and compaction mechanism 4 is to cover and compact the soil, making it more compact. The soil covering and compaction wheel 406 is made of nylon and is connected to the compaction rod 402. The square tube 401 is connected to the frame 1, and the spring 405 inside the square tube 401 contacts the compaction rod 402 and the lower surface of the frame 1, playing a role in buffering and shock absorption during transplanting. The buffering distance is 50mm, which helps the compaction wheel to better contact and compact the soil.

[0031] The angle between the two soil compaction rollers 406 is generally set between 10 and 15 degrees. In this embodiment, it is set to 11 degrees. This angle ensures that pressure is applied evenly and the soil is effectively compacted during soil covering, which is beneficial to plant growth.

[0032] The soil compaction roller 406 is typically pressurized by a spring 405. The upper end of the spring 405 contacts the frame, and the lower end contacts the compaction rod 402, acting as a limit. This limit is set with a safe range (buffer distance) of 50mm, meaning the maximum compaction height of the compaction rod 402 is 50mm, and the minimum compaction height is 0mm. This is to avoid damage to the plants or machinery.

[0033] See Figure 6 The walking mechanism 5 includes: A front axle 501 is located at the lower end of the frame 1 in the direction of travel. Two solid rubber wheels 502 are located at both ends of the front axle 501; And two casters 503, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower end of the frame 1 in the direction of travel.

[0034] The walking mechanism 5 is driven by the motor 601, enabling the device to move normally. The motor 601 of the transmission mechanism 6 transmits power to the front wheel axle 501 through the drive shaft 602, the driven shaft 605, and the differential 607, thereby enabling the rotation of the solid rubber wheel 502. The traveling speed of the device is controlled by adjusting the speed of the motor 601. The omnidirectional wheel 503 is connected to the frame 1, enabling the device to steer.

[0035] See Figure 7 The transmission mechanism 6 includes: A motor 601 is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the frame 1; A drive shaft 602 is disposed on the lower surface of the frame 1, and one end of the drive shaft 602 is connected to the motor 601 via a coupling 603. A first synchronous pulley 604 is coaxially fixed at the other end of the drive shaft 602; A driven shaft 605 is arranged parallel to the drive shaft 602, and the driven shaft 605 is located on the lower surface of the frame 1 and at the centerline of the frame 1; A second synchronous pulley 606 is coaxially fixed on the driven shaft 605. The first synchronous pulley 604 and the second synchronous pulley 606 are connected by a belt for transmission. One end of the driven shaft 605 near the front wheel axle 501 of the traveling mechanism 5 drives the front wheel axle 501 to rotate through the differential 607 and the front wheel axle 501. The working shaft 608 is coaxially arranged with the driven shaft 605; An armature 609 is provided at one end of the driven shaft 605 near the working shaft 608; A coil 610 is disposed at one end of the working shaft 608 near the driven shaft 605. The armature 609 and the coil 610 constitute an electromagnetic clutch. The armature 609 is attracted by the electromagnetic clutch being turned on and off, so that the driven shaft 605 and the working shaft 608 operate synchronously. Guide roller shaft 611 is arranged parallel to the drive shaft 602; The third synchronous pulley 612 is coaxially fixed on the working shaft 608; A fourth synchronous pulley 613 is coaxially fixed on the guide roller shaft 611, and the third synchronous pulley 612 and the fourth synchronous pulley 613 are connected by a belt for transmission. A fifth synchronous pulley 614 is coaxially fixed on the guide roller shaft 611; A sixth synchronous pulley 615 is coaxially fixed at the feed end of the first variable pitch guide roller 201 or the second variable pitch guide roller 202. The fifth synchronous pulley 614 and the sixth synchronous pulley 615 are connected by a belt for transmission. A bevel gear shaft 616 is arranged perpendicularly to the working shaft 608; A first bevel gear 617 is coaxially fixed at the end of the working shaft 608; And a second bevel gear 618 is coaxially fixed at one end of the bevel gear shaft 616. The first bevel gear 617 and the second bevel gear 618 mesh to drive the bevel gear shaft 616 to rotate, and drive the parallel four-bar linkage 312 of the transplanting mechanism 3 to move through the bevel gear shaft 616.

[0036] The differential 607, which connects the driven shaft 605 to the front wheel axle 501, has a transmission ratio of 1:2.

[0037] The transmission ratio between the third synchronous pulley 612 and the fourth synchronous pulley 613 is 2:1.

[0038] The transmission ratio of the first bevel gear 617 and the second bevel gear 618 is 2:1.

[0039] The transmission mechanism 6 is driven by a single motor 601, controlling the linkage of seedling conveying, transplanting, and walking to achieve normal operation of the device. One end of the drive shaft 602 is connected to the motor 601 via a coupling 603, and the other end is driven by a first synchronous pulley 604, a second synchronous pulley 606, and a belt to transmit power to the driven shaft 605. The driven shaft 605 is connected to the front wheel axle 501 via a differential 607 with a transmission ratio of 1:2, transmitting motion to the front wheel axle 501 and controlling the movement of the device; the armature 609 of the electromagnetic clutch is fixed on the driven shaft 605, and the coil 610 is fixed on the working shaft 608. When the device is in operation, the electromagnetic clutch is energized, and the coil 610 generates a magnetic field that attracts the armature 609. The driven shaft 605 and the working shaft 608 rotate synchronously. Through the meshing of the first bevel gear 617 and the second bevel gear 618 with a transmission ratio of 2:1, they are connected to the bevel gear shaft 616, causing the parallel four-bar linkage 312 to reciprocate up and down, driving the duckbill planter 301 to move up and down to transplant seedlings. The working shaft 608 is connected to the guide roller shaft 611 through the connection of the third synchronous pulley 612 and the fourth synchronous pulley 613 with a transmission ratio of 2:1, and the fifth synchronous pulley 614 and the sixth synchronous pulley 615, driving the first variable pitch guide roller 201 to rotate and convey seedlings.

Claims

1. A transplanter with adjustable plant spacing, characterized in that, include: The frame (1) has a seedling outlet at the end of the frame (1) along the direction of travel; The seedling conveying mechanism (2) is set at the upper end of the frame (1). The seedling conveying mechanism (2) includes at least a first variable pitch guide roller (201) and a second variable pitch guide roller (202) that are arranged in parallel and rotate in opposite directions. The chain seedlings are separated and conveyed to the seedling outlet hole in sequence by the action of the first variable pitch guide roller (201) and the second variable pitch guide roller (202). The transplanting mechanism (3) located below the frame (1) includes at least a duckbill planter (301) with an upper opening and a seedling hole of the frame (1) opposite to it. The planter plants seedlings that fall into the duckbill planter (301) are planted by the up-and-down movement and opening and closing movement of the duckbill planter (301). The soil covering and compaction mechanism (4) is located below the frame (1) and behind the transplanting mechanism (3) in the direction of travel. The soil covering and compaction mechanism (4) covers and compacts the soil around the planted seedlings. The traveling mechanism (5) is located below the frame (1); And the transmission mechanism (6), through which the chain seedling transplanting device is driven to move as a whole; The seedling delivery mechanism (2) also includes: A seedling storage bin (203) is fixedly installed at the upper end of the frame (1), and the outlet of the seedling storage bin (203) is located at the rear in the direction of travel; the outlet of the seedling storage bin (203) is located at the feed end of the first variable pitch guide roller (201) and the second variable pitch guide roller (202). A conical transition section is provided between the outlet of the seedling storage bin (203) and the body of the seedling storage bin (203), and the width of the outlet of the seedling storage bin (203) is smaller than the width of the body of the seedling storage bin (203). The pitch of the first variable pitch guide roller (201) and the second variable pitch guide roller (202) gradually increases from the inlet end near the seedling storage bin (203) to the outlet end. The transplanting mechanism (3) also includes a crank-connecting rod mechanism (311) and a parallel four-bar linkage (312). The transmission mechanism (6) drives the duckbill planter (301) to move up and down along a predetermined trajectory through the crank-connecting rod mechanism (311) and the parallel four-bar linkage (312).

2. The transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seedling delivery mechanism (2) also includes: The first bearing housing (204) and the second bearing housing (205), the first variable pitch guide roller (201) and the second variable pitch guide roller (202) are respectively supported on the upper surface of the frame (1) through the first bearing housing (204) and the second bearing housing (205); A first gear (206) is provided at the discharge end of the first variable pitch guide roller (201). And a second gear (207) is provided at the discharge end of the second variable pitch guide roller (202); the first gear (206) and the second gear (207) mesh to make the first variable pitch guide roller (201) and the second variable pitch guide roller (202) rotate synchronously in opposite directions.

3. The transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The duckbill implanter (301) includes: A circular frame (302) is fixedly connected to the force output end of the parallel four-bar linkage (312); The first blade (303) is rotatably engaged with the upper end of the ring frame (302); The second blade (304) rotates with the ring frame (302) at the upper end. The first blade (303) and the second blade (304) rotate relative to the ring frame (302) to form a cone with a closed lower end or a cone with an open lower end. A first fixing rod (305) is fixedly connected to one end of the upper side of the first blade (303), and a limit baffle is provided on the lower side of the other end of the first fixing rod (305); The first rotating rod (306) is rotatably connected to the first fixed rod (305) via a pin. When the first rotating rod (306) rotates relative to the first fixed rod (305) and is coaxial with it, it stops rotating by a limiting baffle. The first L-shaped limiting rod (307) is fixed on the lower end face of the frame (1). The first L-shaped limiting rod (307) is located in the middle of the movement trajectory of the first rotating rod (306). The first L-shaped limiting rod (307) is in contact with or detached from the first rotating rod (306). The first blade (303) is driven to rotate relative to the ring frame (302) or return to its natural state through the first rotating rod (306). A second fixing rod (308) is fixedly connected to one side of the upper end of the second blade (304), and a limit baffle is provided on the lower side of the other end of the second fixing rod (308); The second rotating rod (309) is rotatably connected to the second fixed rod (308) by a pin. When the second rotating rod (309) rotates relative to the second fixed rod (308) and becomes coaxial, it stops rotating by a limiting baffle. And a second L-shaped limiting rod (310) fixed on the lower end face of the frame (1). The second L-shaped limiting rod (310) is located in the middle of the movement trajectory of the second rotating rod (309). The second L-shaped limiting rod (310) is in contact with or detached from the second rotating rod (309). The second blade (304) is driven to rotate relative to the ring frame (302) or return to its natural state through the second rotating rod (309).

4. The transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil compaction mechanism (4) includes: A square tube (401) is fixedly connected at one end to the upper end of the frame (1). The compaction rod (402) includes a main rod body (403) that slides with the square tube (401) and wheel frames (404) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main rod body (403). The lower ends of the two wheel frames (404) are inclined inward. A spring (405) is located inside the square tube (401), and both ends of the spring (405) are in contact with the bottom of the square tube (401) and the end of the main rod (403), respectively. And the soil compaction wheel (406), the two soil compaction wheels (406) are respectively located on the inner side of the lower end of the two wheel frames (404) of the compaction rod (402) and rotate in cooperation with the wheel frames (404); the intersection of the axes of the two soil compaction wheels (406) is located on the extension line of the axis of the square tube (401).

5. The transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The walking mechanism (5) includes: A front axle (501) is provided at the lower end of the frame (1) in the direction of travel. Two solid rubber wheels (502) are located at both ends of the front axle (501); And two casters (503), the two casters (503) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower end of the frame (1) in the direction of travel.

6. The transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission mechanism (6) includes: A motor (601) is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the frame (1); The drive shaft (602) is disposed on the lower surface of the frame (1), and one end of the drive shaft (602) is connected to the motor (601) via a coupling (603); A first synchronous pulley (604) is coaxially fixed at the other end of the drive shaft (602); A driven shaft (605) is arranged parallel to the drive shaft (602), and the driven shaft (605) is located on the lower surface of the frame (1) and at the centerline of the frame (1); A second synchronous pulley (606) is coaxially fixed on the driven shaft (605). The first synchronous pulley (604) and the second synchronous pulley (606) are connected by a belt for transmission. One end of the driven shaft (605) near the front wheel axle (501) of the traveling mechanism (5) drives the front wheel axle (501) to rotate through the differential (607) and the front wheel axle (501). A working shaft (608) is coaxially arranged with the driven shaft (605); An armature (609) is provided at one end of the driven shaft (605) near the working shaft (608). A coil (610) is disposed at one end of the working shaft (608) near the driven shaft (605). The armature (609) and the coil (610) constitute an electromagnetic clutch. The armature (609) is attracted by the electromagnetic clutch by switching it on and off, so that the driven shaft (605) and the working shaft (608) can operate synchronously. A guide roller shaft (611) is arranged parallel to the drive shaft (602); The third synchronous pulley (612) is coaxially fixed on the working shaft (608); A fourth synchronous pulley (613) is coaxially fixed on the guide roller shaft (611), and the third synchronous pulley (612) and the fourth synchronous pulley (613) are connected by a belt for transmission; The fifth synchronous pulley (614) is coaxially fixed on the guide roller shaft (611). A sixth synchronous pulley (615) is coaxially fixed at the feed end of the first variable pitch guide roller (201) or the second variable pitch guide roller (202), and the fifth synchronous pulley (614) and the sixth synchronous pulley (615) are connected by a belt for transmission. A bevel gear shaft (616) is arranged perpendicularly to the working shaft (608). A first bevel gear (617) is coaxially fixed at the end of the working shaft (608). And a second bevel gear (618) is coaxially fixed at one end of the bevel gear shaft (616). The first bevel gear (617) and the second bevel gear (618) mesh to drive the bevel gear shaft (616) to rotate, and drive the parallel four-bar linkage (312) of the transplanting mechanism (3) to move through the bevel gear shaft (616).

7. A transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to claim 6, characterized in that, The differential (607) connected between the driven shaft (605) and the front wheel axle (501) has a transmission ratio of 1:

2.

8. A transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to claim 6, characterized in that, The transmission ratio of the third synchronous pulley (612) and the fourth synchronous pulley (613) is 2:1; the transmission ratio of the first bevel gear (617) and the second bevel gear (618) is 2:1.

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