An assembly apparatus and method for an open TBM main beam and main drive

Abstract

The application relates to an open TBM main beam and main drive assembling device and method, which is used for lifting control of the main beam and comprises a cylindrical support column and a lifting tool, the lifting tool is arranged above the cylindrical support column, the lifting tool comprises a top support column, a lifting oil cylinder, a lifting plate, a fixing plate and a mechanical locking unit for preventing the lifting oil cylinder from failing, the lifting oil cylinder is vertically arranged above the top support column, the lifting plate is arranged above the piston rod of the lifting oil cylinder, the fixing plate is detachably connected above the lifting plate, and the fixing plate is fixedly connected to the main beam; the mechanical locking unit is arranged between the cylinder barrel of the lifting oil cylinder and the lifting plate, the mechanical locking unit comprises a plurality of locking rings which are arranged in layers in the up-down direction and are sleeved outside the piston rod of the lifting oil cylinder. The application can flexibly control the horizontal height and the inclination of the main beam, promotes the main beam to actively adapt to the main drive posture, avoids the risk of adjusting the posture in the suspended state of the main drive, and improves the assembling efficiency of the main beam and the main drive.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel boring machine (TBM) assembly technology, and more particularly to an assembly device and method for an open-type TBM main beam and main drive. Background Technology

[0002] When the main beam and main drive of the open-type TBM host are pre-assembled and debugged in the factory, the main beam is first installed at the work station, and then the main drive is installed at the work station. During this process, the bolting connection between the main beam and the main drive is completed, and then the assembly of the main beam and the main drive is completed.

[0003] During the assembly design phase, both the main beam and the main drive have their corresponding support fixtures. Under the action of these fixtures, the bolt holes of the main beam and the main drive are aligned. Current technology uses cylindrical support columns as support fixtures for the main beam; therefore, once placed, the main beam cannot be moved. The main drive, however, is movable. Its attitude and position are controlled by a crane and wire ropes. The main drive actively approaches the main beam until their end faces are in contact, and bolts are installed after the bolt holes are aligned.

[0004] In theory, after the main drive is connected to the main beam, the main drive should make seamless contact with the supporting fixture below. However, due to factors such as ground flatness and manufacturing errors of the fixture, gaps may occur. Therefore, during the assembly process, factors such as ground flatness and human measurement errors may cause misalignment of the bolt holes connecting the main beam and the main drive, making the bolting process difficult to complete. This necessitates adjusting the position of the main beam or the main drive.

[0005] Existing technology requires controlling the main drive to move the main beam since it cannot be moved. However, the main drive is usually connected to the bottom shield and moved to the work station together. After the main drive and the bottom shield are connected, the overall weight reaches 30 to 50 tons, making the movement control and attitude adjustment of the main drive difficult. After the main drive is adjusted and aligned with the bolt holes of the main beam by controlling the crane and wire rope, multiple flat irons, which are essentially thin iron sheets, are filled at the support position of the bottom shield to fill the gaps.

[0006] This reveals the following: 1. Due to the excessive weight of the main drive and bottom shield, hoisting accidents are prone to occur during the crane's operation, and adjusting the hoisting posture is difficult. Manually installing flat iron under the main drive is also highly dangerous. 2. The crane operation is difficult to be flexible and precise, resulting in poor leveling and hole alignment quality, hindering rapid correction and affecting assembly progress. 3. During debugging after assembly, the support fixtures need to be removed. However, the excessive weight of the main beam causes significant pressure on the support fixtures, making them difficult to remove. Therefore, flame cutting is used to destructively remove the support fixtures. 4. The main drive and main beam are bolted together, and the mating surface is positioned using a pin. Because the pin hole is a blind hole, the main drive and main beam can only be operated horizontally, limiting the adjustment freedom of the main drive. Furthermore, if the main drive tilts, it is difficult to guarantee the quality of the end face fit. Inserting the pin into the pin hole indicates accurate bolt hole alignment. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the issues of high lifting risks and safety hazards, difficulty in flexibly controlling the main drive's posture, and inability to quickly align bolt holes during the assembly process of a crane-driven main drive and main beam, this invention provides an assembly device and method for an open-type TBM main beam and main drive. The invention optimizes the main beam's support fixtures to enable lifting functionality, allowing the main beam to actively adapt to the main drive's position by lifting itself while the main drive remains stationary, thus achieving rapid assembly of the main beam and main drive.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: An assembly device for an open TBM main beam and main drive, used for lifting control of the main beam, includes a cylindrical support column and a lifting fixture. The lifting fixture is arranged above the cylindrical support column. The cylindrical support column can increase the height position of the lifting fixture. The lifting fixture includes a top support column, a lifting cylinder, a lifting plate and a fixing plate, as well as a mechanical locking unit for preventing failure of the lifting cylinder. The lifting cylinder is vertically installed above the top support column, and the lifting plate is installed above the piston rod of the lifting cylinder to facilitate the lifting plate to move up and down. The fixing plate is detachably connected above the lifting plate and is fixedly connected to the main beam to facilitate a reliable connection between the lifting fixture and the main beam. The mechanical locking unit is provided between the cylinder barrel and the lifting plate of the lifting cylinder. The mechanical locking unit includes several locking rings arranged in layers, which facilitates the appropriate selection of locking rings according to the extension length of the piston rod. The locking rings are sleeved on the piston rod of the lifting cylinder. The locking rings have a two-lobed structure, which facilitates the sleeve installation of the locking rings.

[0009] Further, the top support column is of a cylindrical structure. The top support column and the cylindrical support column are arranged coaxially up and down and are flange-connected, which facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the top support column and the cylindrical support column. The top support column, the lifting oil cylinder, the lifting plate and the fixed plate are arranged in sequence from bottom to top.

[0010] Further, a stabilizing plate is arranged below the lifting oil cylinder. The stabilizing plate and the top support column are flange-connected, which facilitates the disassembly and assembly between the lifting oil cylinder and the top support column. A plurality of the reinforcing plates are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction between the lifting oil cylinder and the stabilizing plate, which improves the firmness of the installation of the lifting oil cylinder.

[0011] Further, the cross-section of the lifting oil cylinder is smaller than the cross-section of the lifting plate. The edge of the lifting plate extends horizontally outwards and protrudes from the cylinder barrel of the lifting oil cylinder; The middle part of the lifting plate is bent downwards to form a "U" - shaped structure. An internal installation bolt is arranged between the middle part of the lifting plate and the piston rod of the lifting oil cylinder, which facilitates the disassembly and assembly between the lifting plate and the lifting oil cylinder; The upper plane of the lifting plate is in contact with the lower plane of the fixed plate. An external installation bolt is arranged between the lifting plate and the fixed plate, which facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the lifting plate and the fixed plate.

[0012] Further, the locking ring is of a two - piece annular sheet structure. The locking ring includes a left sheet body and a right sheet body that are buckled with each other to form a circular ring. The left sheet body is a semi - circular ring, and the right sheet body has the same structure as the left sheet body. The two - piece structure facilitates the docking of the locking ring to form a toroid. Since the assembly time of the main beam and the main drive at the work station is long, the lifting oil cylinder cannot always be in a working state, so the locking ring is used to support the lifting oil cylinder. At the same time, the locking ring can prevent the sudden failure of the oil cylinder from causing the oil cylinder to retract.

[0013] Further, one end of the left sheet body is provided with a C - shaped groove and the other end is provided with a C - shaped protrusion. The corresponding grooves and protrusions on the left sheet body and the right sheet body are cooperatively buckled, which effectively prevents the separation between the left sheet body and the right sheet body.

[0014] An assembly method for the main beam and the main drive of an open - type TBM, based on the above - mentioned assembly device, includes the following steps: Step 1: According to the design assembly plan, arrange the shield support tooling and 4 - 6 cylindrical support columns on the ground. The multiple cylindrical support columns facilitate the uniform and stable support of the main beam. Install the lifting tooling above each cylindrical support column. The fixed plate in each lifting tooling is pre - welded and fixed at the corresponding position of the main beam; Control the lifting oil cylinders in each lifting tooling to extend and be at the same horizontal plane; Step 2: Use a crane and a steel wire rope to hoist the main beam, horizontally place the main beam between multiple lifting toolings, ensure that the lifting plates and the fixed plates correspond one by one, and after corresponding, use bolts to connect and fix them, so as to connect and fix the lifting tooling and the main beam; Step 3: Use the crane and wire rope to hoist the main drive and bottom shield closer to the main beam. During the approach, adjust the main drive to keep it as horizontal as possible, and then adjust the lifting height of the main drive to make the bolt holes gradually reach the same horizontal plane. When the main drive is about to come into contact with the main beam, stop and control the lifting cylinder to raise and lower, ensuring that the bolt holes between the main beam and the main drive are accurately aligned; the crane starts again and drives the main drive to move horizontally and slowly approach the main beam until the pin is inserted into the pin hole. Step 4: Simultaneously control the descent of the main beam and the main drive until the bottom shield below the main drive lands on the shield support fixture. At this point, the main beam stops descending. Based on the piston rod extension length of each lifting cylinder, select the appropriate number of locking rings and stack them between the lifting plate and the cylinder barrel of the lifting cylinder to lock the lifting cylinder. Finally, connect and fix the main beam and the main drive with bolts.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention through the above technical solution are: This invention features a rational structural design. Multiple lifting fixtures provide uniform and stable support for the main beam. These fixtures allow for adjustments to the main beam's horizontal height and tilt, making it movable and enabling rapid adjustment of its orientation. The main beam actively adapts to the main drive's posture, avoiding the difficulties and risks associated with manually adjusting the main drive's posture using a crane. This facilitates rapid alignment of the main beam's bolt holes with the main drive's bolt holes, enabling quick assembly and improving assembly efficiency.

[0016] This invention utilizes a shield support fixture to support the main drive and bottom shield, and a lifting fixture to support the main beam. The lifting fixture contains a lifting cylinder that drives the main beam to rise and fall. Because the bolting process between the main beam and the main drive is lengthy, a mechanical locking unit is arranged between the lifting plate and the lifting cylinder barrel to prevent accidental failure of the lifting cylinder. This mechanical locking unit provides support force, ensuring the reliability of the lifting cylinder application. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a front view of an assembly device for an open-type TBM main beam and main drive according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of an assembly device for an open-type TBM main beam and main drive according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the mechanical locking unit installation of an assembly device for an open-type TBM main beam and main drive according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the locking ring of an assembly device for an open-type TBM main beam and main drive according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the left and right segments fastened together in an assembly device for an open-type TBM main beam and main drive according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the main drive hoisting state in step 3 of the assembly method of the open TBM main beam and main drive of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a front view of the main drive and main beam after assembly in step 4 of the assembly method of the open TBM main beam and main drive of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a top view of the main drive and main beam after assembly in step 4 of the assembly method of the open TBM main beam and main drive of the present invention.

[0025] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1 Main beam, 2 Main drive, 3 Bottom shield, 4 Cylindrical support column, 5 Lifting fixture, 51 Top support column, 52 Lifting cylinder, 53 Lifting plate, 54 Fixing plate, 55 Mechanical locking unit, 6 Stabilizing plate, 7 Reinforcing plate, 8 Inner mounting bolt, 9 Outer mounting bolt, 10 Locking ring, 101 Left plate, 102 Right plate, 11 Groove, 12 Protrusion, 13 Shield support fixture. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: like Figures 1-5 As shown, an assembly device for an open TBM main beam and main drive is used for lifting and lowering control of the main beam 1. After the main beam 1 can be lifted and lowered independently, it can actively adapt to the position of the main drive 2, avoiding the problem of difficulty in adjusting the hoisting posture of the main drive 2 when it actively adapts to the position of the main beam 1, thus ensuring the rapid assembly of the main drive 2 and the main beam 1.

[0027] The assembly device includes a cylindrical support column 4 and a lifting fixture 5. The cylindrical support column 4 is existing technology. The lifting fixture 5 is set above the cylindrical support column 4. The lifting fixture 5 has a lifting function. After supporting the main beam 1, the lifting fixture 5 can control the horizontal height and tilt of the main beam 1.

[0028] In this embodiment, the lifting fixture 5 includes a top support column 51, a lifting cylinder 52, a lifting plate 53, a fixing plate 54, and a mechanical locking unit 55 for preventing the lifting cylinder 52 from failing. The top support column 51, the lifting cylinder 52, the lifting plate 53, and the fixing plate 54 are arranged sequentially from bottom to top.

[0029] The top support column 51 is a cylindrical structure. Its function is the same as that of the cylindrical support column 4. The lifting fixture 5 is installed and fixed via the top support column 51 and the cylindrical support column 4. Here, the top support column 51 and the cylindrical support column 4 are arranged coaxially vertically and are fixed together by a flange connection.

[0030] A lifting cylinder 52 is vertically installed above the top support column 51. To ensure the reliable installation of the lifting cylinder 52, a stabilizing plate 6 is installed below the lifting cylinder 52, and the stabilizing plate 6 is connected to the flange of the top support column 51. Meanwhile, multiple reinforcing plates 7 are circumferentially installed between the lifting cylinder 52 and the stabilizing plate 6. The two adjacent sides of the reinforcing plate 7 are welded and fixed to the lifting cylinder 52 and the stabilizing plate 6, respectively. The reinforcing plates 7 ensure the vertical position of the lifting cylinder 52 and prevent it from tilting under load. In this way, the lifting cylinder 52 and the top support column 51 can be tightly and securely installed together, while also facilitating the disassembly of the lifting cylinder 52.

[0031] The lifting cylinder 52 can be raised and lowered under hydraulic pressure. A lifting plate 53 is provided above the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 52. The cross-section of the lifting cylinder 52 is smaller than the cross-section of the lifting plate 53. As a result, the edge of the lifting plate 53 extends horizontally outward and protrudes from the cylinder barrel of the lifting cylinder 52. This means that the lifting plate 53 can cover the lifting cylinder 52.

[0032] During installation, the lifting plate 53 and the piston rod are detachably connected. Specifically, the lifting plate 53 is bent downwards in the middle to form a "U"-shaped structure. An internal mounting bolt 8 is provided between the middle of the lifting plate 53 and the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 52. Multiple internal mounting bolts 8 can be used to fix the lifting plate 53 to the upper end of the piston rod, thereby controlling the lifting and lowering of the lifting plate 53 via the lifting cylinder 52. Because the lifting plate 53 is bent downwards in the middle, and the internal mounting bolts 8 are located in the middle of the lifting plate 53, the internal mounting bolts 8 are essentially concealed and do not protrude from the upper surface of the lifting plate 53.

[0033] A fixing plate 54 is detachably connected above the lifting plate 53. An external mounting bolt 9 is provided between the lifting plate 53 and the fixing plate 54, and the external mounting bolt 9 is located at the edge of the lifting plate 53. The upper surface of the lifting plate 53 and the lower surface of the fixing plate 54 fit together to ensure sufficient support area. The fixing plate 54 is pre-fixed to the main beam 1.

[0034] The principle of this invention is as follows: the fixed plate 54 in the lifting fixture 5 is pre-connected and fixed to the main beam 1. Then, the cylindrical support column 4 and the lifting fixture 5 are arranged on the ground. After the main beam 1 is placed on the lifting fixture 5, the lifting fixture 5 and the main beam 1 are connected by external mounting bolts 9. The lifting cylinder 52 in the lifting fixture 5 needs to be connected to an external hydraulic pump station to provide a power source for the movement of the lifting cylinder 52. By controlling the lifting of the lifting cylinder 52, the height position of the main beam 1 can be controlled, and thus the main beam 1 can actively adapt to the position of the main drive 2.

[0035] Because the bolting connection between the main beam 1 and the main drive 2 takes a long time, the lifting cylinder 52 needs to be in a working state at all times. To prevent the lifting cylinder 52 from failing due to excessive pressure, a mechanical locking unit 55 is provided between the cylinder barrel of the lifting cylinder 52 and the lifting plate 53. The mechanical locking unit 55 can prevent the piston rod from retracting due to a sudden failure of the lifting cylinder 52. The mechanical locking unit 55 utilizes the space between the lifting plate 53 and the cylinder barrel of the lifting cylinder 52 after the piston rod drives the lifting plate 53 to move upward. The mechanical locking unit 55 is arranged in this space. Once the lifting cylinder 52 fails, the mechanical locking unit 55 immediately provides support and prevents the piston rod from retracting.

[0036] The mechanical locking unit 55 includes several locking rings 10 arranged in a stacked manner. The number of locking rings 10 is variable and selected according to the extension length of the piston rod. The locking rings 10 are sleeved on the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 52. The locking rings 10 have a two-part structure; specifically, they are two-part annular plate structures, which facilitates the sleeve installation of the locking rings 10. The thickness of the locking rings 10 is no more than 5mm. The locking rings 10 include a left plate 101 and a right plate 102 that interlock with each other. The left plate 101 is a semi-circular ring, and the right plate 102 has the same structure as the left plate 101. After the left plate 101 and the right plate 102 are interlocked, they form an annular plate.

[0037] To prevent the locking ring 10 from accidentally disengaging, the left piece 101 and the right piece 102 are interlocked. A C-shaped groove 11 is provided at one end of the left piece 101, and a C-shaped protrusion 12 is provided at the other end. The corresponding groove 11 and protrusion 12 on the left piece 101 and the right piece 102 engage to interlock. During installation, either the left piece 101 or the right piece 102 is placed first, and then the remaining right piece 102 or the left piece 101 is installed vertically.

[0038] like Figures 6-8 As shown, an assembly method for an open-type TBM main beam and main drive includes the following steps: Step 1: According to the design assembly plan, arrange the shield support fixture 13 and 4-6 cylindrical support columns 4 on the ground. The shield support fixture 13 is used to support the main drive 2 and the bottom shield 3. After support, the bottom shield 3 and the shield support fixture 13 are in direct contact. Here, there are six cylindrical support columns 4, which can support different positions of the main beam 1 and provide uniform support to the main beam 1. Install the lifting fixture 5 above each cylindrical support column 4. The fixing plate 54 in each lifting fixture 5 is pre-welded and fixed to the corresponding position of the main beam 1. The lifting cylinder 52 in the lifting fixture 5 is connected to the hydraulic pump station.

[0039] The lifting cylinders 52 in each lifting fixture 5 are manually extended and positioned at the same horizontal level. The piston rods of the lifting cylinders 52 extend partially initially to ensure downward clearance, thereby eliminating relative misalignment between the main beam 1 and the main drive 2 during assembly. That is, if the main drive 2 is lower than the main beam 1, the lifting cylinders 52 can be adjusted downwards to lower the position of the main beam 1, actively adapting to the main drive 2. The upper surfaces of the piston rods of all lifting cylinders 52 being at the same horizontal level ensures the levelness of the main beam 1.

[0040] Step 2: Using a crane and wire ropes, first hoist the main beam 1 and horizontally position it between multiple lifting fixtures 5, ensuring that the lifting plates 53 and the fixed plates 54 correspond one-to-one. After alignment, use external mounting bolts 9 to connect and fix it. Then, the six lifting fixtures 5 work together to support the main beam 1. At this time, the main beam 1 can be raised and lowered by the lifting cylinder 52. After the main beam 1 and the lifting fixtures 5 are connected and fixed, the lifting fixtures 5 are used again to level the main beam 1.

[0041] Step 3: After the main drive 2 and the bottom shield 3 are connected and combined, the main drive 2 and the bottom shield 3 are hoisted using a crane and wire ropes to bring them closer to the main beam 1. During the approach process, the main drive 2 is kept as horizontal as possible by controlling the release and retraction of different wire ropes, and then the hoisting height of the main drive 2 is adjusted to gradually bring the bolt holes on the main drive 2 and the bolt holes on the main beam 1 to the same horizontal plane. This process is the main drive 2 actively approaching the main beam 1.

[0042] When the main drive 2 is about to come into contact with the main beam 1, it stops. At this point, the attitude of the main drive 2 is no longer controlled by the gantry crane and wire rope, but the lifting cylinder 52 is controlled to raise and lower the main beam 1, causing the main beam 1 to actively adapt to the position of the main drive 2. During the raising and lowering of the main beam 1, the bolt holes between the main beam 1 and the main drive 2 are accurately aligned. Then the gantry crane starts again, causing the main drive 2 to move horizontally and slowly approach the main beam 1 until the pin is inserted into the pin hole. At this point, the bolt holes on the main beam 1 and the bolt holes on the main drive 2 are accurately aligned, and the end faces of the main beam 1 and the main drive 2 are in contact.

[0043] If the main drive 2 is slightly tilted in the horizontal direction, the extension stroke of the lifting cylinder 52 in the lifting fixture 5 can be adjusted to achieve a better fit between the main drive 2 and the bolted surface of the main beam 1.

[0044] Step 4: Simultaneously control the main beam 1 and the main drive 2 to descend until the bottom shield 3 below the main drive 2 lands on the shield support fixture 13. At this time, the main beam 1 stops descending and is supported by the lifting cylinder 52.

[0045] Based on the piston rod extension length of each lifting cylinder 52, a corresponding number of locking rings 10 are selected and stacked between the lifting plate 53 and the cylinder barrel of the lifting cylinder 52 to lock the lifting cylinder 52. Then, the lifting cylinder is slowly depressurized, and the locking rings 10 provide support. Finally, the main beam 1 and the main drive 2 are connected and fixed with bolts, thus completing the assembly and docking between the main beam 1 and the main drive 2.

[0046] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes or modifications made to the structure, features and principles described in the claims of the present invention should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An open TBM main beam and main drive assembly method, characterized by, Includes the following steps: Step 1: According to the design assembly plan, arrange the shield support fixture (13) and 4-6 cylindrical support columns (4) on the ground. Install the lifting fixture (5) above each cylindrical support column (4). The fixing plate (54) in each lifting fixture (5) is pre-welded and fixed to the corresponding position of the main beam (1). Control the lifting cylinder (52) in each lifting fixture (5) to extend and be at the same horizontal plane. Step 2: Use a crane and wire rope to hoist the main beam (1), and place the main beam (1) horizontally between multiple lifting fixtures (5), ensuring that the lifting plate (53) and the fixing plate (54) correspond one-to-one, and then fix them with bolts after they are aligned. Step 3: Use the crane and wire rope to hoist the main drive (2) and bottom shield (3) and move them close to the main beam (1). During the approach, adjust the main drive (2) to keep it as horizontal as possible, and then adjust the hoisting height of the main drive (2) to make the bolt holes gradually reach the same horizontal plane. When the main drive (2) is about to come into contact with the main beam (1), stop and control the lifting cylinder (52) to lift and lower to ensure that the bolt holes between the main beam (1) and the main drive (2) are accurately aligned; the crane starts again to drive the main drive (2) to move horizontally and slowly approach the main beam (1) until the pin is inserted into the pin hole; Step 4: Simultaneously control the main beam (1) and the main drive (2) to descend until the bottom shield (3) below the main drive (2) falls on the shield support fixture (13). At this time, the main beam (1) stops descending. According to the piston rod extension length of each lifting cylinder (52), select the corresponding number of locking rings (10) and stack the locking rings (10) between the lifting plate (53) and the cylinder of the lifting cylinder (52) to lock the lifting cylinder (52). Finally, connect and fix the main beam (1) and the main drive (2) with bolts. The lifting fixture (5) is provided above the cylindrical support column (4). The lifting fixture (5) includes a top support column (51), a lifting cylinder (52), a lifting plate (53), a fixing plate (54), and a mechanical locking unit (55) for preventing the lifting cylinder (52) from failing. The lifting cylinder (52) is vertically arranged above the top support column (51), and the lifting plate (53) is arranged above the piston rod of the lifting cylinder (52). The fixing plate (54) is detachably connected above the lifting plate (53), and the fixing plate (54) is fixedly connected to the main beam (1). The mechanical locking unit (55) is provided between the cylinder of the lifting cylinder (52) and the lifting plate (53). The mechanical locking unit (55) includes several locking rings (10) arranged in layers. The locking rings (10) are sleeved on the piston rod of the lifting cylinder (52). The locking rings (10) have a two-lobed structure.

2. The assembly method of an open-type TBM main beam and main drive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top support column (51) is a cylindrical structure. The top support column (51) and the cylindrical support column (4) are arranged coaxially and connected by flanges. The top support column (51), lifting cylinder (52), lifting plate (53) and fixing plate (54) are arranged sequentially from bottom to top.

3. The assembly method of an open-type TBM main beam and main drive according to claim 1, characterized in that, A stabilizing plate (6) is provided below the lifting oil cylinder (52). The stabilizing plate (6) is flange-connected to the top support column (51). A plurality of reinforcing plates (7) are circumferentially arranged between the lifting oil cylinder (52) and the stabilizing plate (6).

4. The assembly method of an open-type TBM main beam and main drive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-section of the lifting oil cylinder (52) is smaller than that of the lifting plate (53). The edge of the lifting plate (53) extends horizontally outward and protrudes from the cylinder barrel of the lifting oil cylinder (52). The middle part of the lifting plate (53) is bent downward to form a "U" - shaped structure. An internal installation bolt (8) is provided between the middle part of the lifting plate (53) and the piston rod of the lifting oil cylinder (52). The upper plane of the lifting plate (53) is in contact with the lower plane of the fixing plate (54). An external installation bolt (9) is provided between the lifting plate (53) and the fixing plate (54).

5. The assembly method of an open-type TBM main beam and main drive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The locking ring (10) is a two - piece annular sheet structure. The locking ring (10) includes a left sheet body (101) and a right sheet body (102) that are buckled together to form a circular ring. The left sheet body (101) is semi - circular, and the right sheet body (102) has the same structure as the left sheet body (101).

6. The assembly method of an open-type TBM main beam and main drive according to claim 5, characterized in that, One end of the left sheet body (101) is provided with a C - shaped groove (11), and the other end is provided with a C - shaped protrusion (12). The corresponding grooves (11) and protrusions (12) on the left sheet body (101) and the right sheet body (102) are cooperatively buckled together.

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