Long anchor line anchoring device and method

Abstract

This invention provides a long anchor cable anchoring device and method, relating to the field of anchor cable anchoring technology. The device includes: an anchoring assembly, a grouting assembly, and an isolation assembly. The anchoring assembly includes a steel strand, a long anchor cable tray, and an anchor. The first end of the steel strand is inserted into the long anchor cable hole. The long anchor cable tray and the anchor are sequentially fitted onto the second end of the steel strand, with the long anchor cable tray abutting against the rock surface at the opening of the long anchor cable hole. The grouting assembly includes a grouting pipe and an venting pipe. The steel strand, grouting pipe, and venting pipe are bundled and fixed to form a tube bundle. The grouting pipe is used to fill the long anchor cable hole with cement grout. The isolation assembly includes an air bladder, an inflation / exhaust pipe, and a grout-stopping sponge plug. The inflation / exhaust pipe connects to the air bladder. The air bladder is detachably bundled and fixed to the tube bundle. The grout-stopping sponge plug has a central insertion hole through which the tube bundle passes, and the grout-stopping sponge plug is located above the air bladder. By anchoring the end of the anchoring assembly within the long anchor cable hole, pressure relief support is achieved, reducing the possibility of steel strand breakage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of anchor cable anchoring technology, and in particular to a long anchor cable anchoring device and anchoring method. Background Technology

[0002] Long anchor cable support refers to anchoring steel strands inside the rock mass, connecting loose surface rock with stable deep rock, thereby altering the stress state of underground roadways, mining areas, or slopes, improving the mechanical properties of the rock mass, effectively controlling rock displacement, enhancing the integrity and stability of unstable rock masses, preventing surrounding rock collapse, and ensuring the safety of underground operations. Therefore, long anchor cable support technology is widely used in mine roadway support, tunnel engineering, underground chambers, slope reinforcement, and foundation reinforcement projects.

[0003] In hard rock mines, long anchor cable supports for the walls and roof of underground roadways and chambers are typically achieved using cement grout for full-length anchoring. However, full-length anchoring is a typical form of rigid support. Rigid support increases the support structure's stiffness to enhance resistance to rock deformation, resulting in significantly higher stress on the support structure. Since the deformation range of the support is very limited, once the ultimate bearing capacity of the steel strands is exceeded, the strands will break, causing the long anchor cable support to fail. The surrounding rock will lose effective support and continue to deform, with the plastic zone expanding, ultimately leading to roadway collapse and causing substantial losses. Summary of the Invention

[0004] For metal mines, due to limitations in rock hardness and drilling equipment, the diameter of long anchor cable holes is typically no less than ф55mm. If ф15.2mm or ф17.8mm steel strands are installed, due to the issue of matching the three diameters, only full-length anchoring support with cement grouting can be used. The advantage of full-length anchoring support is the high rigidity of the long anchor cable support and timely resistance. However, because the deformation range of the support body is very limited, once the ultimate bearing capacity of the steel strand is exceeded, the steel strand will break, causing the long anchor cable support to fail and the surrounding rock to lose effective support.

[0005] Long anchor cables employing end-anchoring support is a support method that achieves pressure relief support. One-third of the steel strand (bottom of the hole) is tightly bonded to the deep, stable rock mass, while the remaining two-thirds are unbonded. The end of this unbonded section (outside the hole) is fixed to the surface rock mass via an anchor and anchor plate. When the surface rock mass undergoes convergent deformation, the outer end of the steel strand, along with the anchor plate and anchor, moves with the surface rock mass. At this point, the bottom of the hole is fixed, and the unbonded two-thirds of the steel strand from the outer end to the bottom of the hole undergoes elongation deformation. This provides continuous support to the surface rock mass while allowing for some deformation of the surrounding rock surface, thus achieving coordinated deformation between the support structure and the surrounding rock. This fully releases the high stress in the surrounding rock, and the stress on the support structure is significantly reduced compared to rigid support with full-length anchoring, ensuring the overall safety of the rock-support stress system. Therefore, how to achieve end anchoring of grouting long anchor cables is a pressing technical challenge that needs to be addressed.

[0006] To address the technical problem in existing technologies where the deformation range of the support structure is very limited, leading to breakage of the steel strands once the ultimate bearing capacity is exceeded, thus causing the long anchor cable support to fail, this invention provides a long anchor cable anchoring device and anchoring method. The technical solution is as follows:

[0007] On the one hand, a long anchor cable anchoring device is provided, the device comprising: an anchoring component, a grouting component, and an isolation component;

[0008] The anchoring assembly includes a steel strand, a long anchor cable tray, and an anchor. The first end of the steel strand is used to insert into the long anchor cable hole. The long anchor cable tray and the anchor are sequentially fitted onto the second end of the steel strand, and the long anchor cable tray abuts against the rock surface at the opening of the long anchor cable hole.

[0009] The grouting assembly includes a grouting pipe and an exhaust pipe. The steel strand, the grouting pipe, and the exhaust pipe are bundled and fixed to form a tube bundle. The grouting pipe is used to fill the long anchor cable hole with cement grout.

[0010] The isolation assembly includes an airbag, an inflation / deflation pipe, and a slurry-stopping sponge plug. The inflation / deflation pipe is connected to the airbag. The airbag is detachably tied and fixed to the tube bundle. The slurry-stopping sponge plug has an insertion hole in the center. The tube bundle passes through the insertion hole, and the slurry-stopping sponge plug is located on the upper side of the airbag.

[0011] Optionally, the device further includes a fixing member, which is fitted onto the lower end of the outer wall of the anti-slurry sponge plug.

[0012] Optionally, the space between the tubing and the grout-stopping sponge plug is sealed with foam adhesive.

[0013] Optionally, the device further includes a fixing wedge disposed at the port of the long anchor cable hole.

[0014] Optionally, the lengths of the steel strand, the exhaust pipe, and the grouting pipe decrease sequentially.

[0015] On the other hand, a method for anchoring long anchor cables is provided, the method comprising:

[0016] The steel strands, grouting pipes, and vent pipes are bundled together to form a tube bundle.

[0017] Insert the tube bundle into the insertion hole at the center of the grout-stopping sponge plug;

[0018] The airbag and inflation / deflation pipe are detachably tied to the tube bundle and inserted into the preset position in the long anchor cable hole;

[0019] Inflate the airbag through the inflation and deflation pipe. When the inflation pressure reaches the preset pressure, the airbag inflates and supports the anti-slurry sponge plug.

[0020] Grout is injected into the long anchor cable hole through the grouting pipe, and grouting is stopped after cement grout flows out of the vent pipe.

[0021] After the first preset time has elapsed since the grouting was completed, the gas inside the airbag is released, and the airbag and grouting pipe are recovered.

[0022] After the second preset time has elapsed since the grouting was completed, the long anchor cable tray and anchorage were installed.

[0023] Optionally, after inserting the tube bundle into the insertion hole at the center of the grout-stopping sponge plug, the method further includes:

[0024] The lower end of the outer wall of the grout-stopping sponge plug is secured with a fastener to fix the grout-stopping sponge plug to the tubing bundle.

[0025] Optionally, after securing the lower end of the outer wall of the grout-stopping sponge plug with a fastener to fix the grout-stopping sponge plug to the tube bundle, the method further includes:

[0026] The gap between the tube bundle and the grout-stopping sponge plug is sealed with foam adhesive.

[0027] Optionally, after the airbag and inflation / deflation pipe are detachably tied to the tube bundle and inserted into a preset position in the long anchor cable hole, the method further includes:

[0028] A fixing wedge is used to secure the port of the long anchor cable hole.

[0029] Optionally, the grouting into the long anchor cable hole through the grouting pipe includes: injecting cement grout with a water-cement ratio of 0.4-0.8 into the long anchor cable hole through the grouting pipe.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0031] The long anchor cable anchoring device provided in this embodiment includes an anchoring component, a grouting component, and an isolation component. After the anchoring component is inserted into the long anchor cable hole, the isolation component is used to temporarily fix the anchoring component, and grout is injected into the long anchor cable hole through the grouting component. At this time, the isolation component also serves to isolate the cement grout, thereby allowing the end of the anchoring component to be anchored in the long anchor cable hole. This device achieves end anchoring support for grout-grown long anchor cables, utilizes the elongation of the steel strand to achieve the purpose of pressure relief support, reduces the possibility of steel strand breakage, avoids long anchor cable failure, and reduces the maintenance and repair costs of roadways under high ground pressure and large deformation rock mass conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a long anchor cable anchoring device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a slurry-stopping sponge plug provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of a slurry-stopping sponge plug provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an airbag provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the state of an airbag after it is inflated in a long anchor cable hole, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure for binding steel strand, grouting pipe and vent pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a binding structure for a steel strand, grouting pipe, venting pipe, and grout-stopping sponge plug provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Schematic diagram of section A in the middle;

[0041] Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an airbag and its inflation / deflation pipe, steel strand, grouting pipe, exhaust pipe, and grout-stopping sponge plug provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 Schematic diagram of section B in the middle;

[0043] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an airbag fully expanded inside a long anchor cable according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a long anchor cable after the recovery of the airbag and grouting pipe, provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 13 This is a flowchart of a long anchor cable anchoring method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure label:

[0047] 100. Anchoring assembly; 110. Steel strand; 120. Long anchor cable tray; 130. Anchorage; 140. Fixing strap;

[0048] 200. Grouting assembly; 210. Grouting pipe; 220. Vent pipe; 230. Cement grout; 240. Concrete;

[0049] 300. Isolation component; 310. Airbag; 320. Inflation / expansion pipe; 330. Anti-slip sponge plug; 331. Insertion hole; 332. Fixing component;

[0050] 400. Fixed wedge;

[0051] 510. Long anchor cable hole; 520. Tunnel roof. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The technical solution of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0053] In embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily," "for example," etc., are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" in the present invention should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present the concept in a concrete manner. Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the meaning expressed by "and / or" can be both, or either one.

[0054] For metal mines, due to limitations in rock hardness and drilling equipment, the diameter of long anchor cable holes is typically no less than ф55mm. If ф15.2mm or ф17.8mm steel strands are installed, due to the issue of matching the three diameters, only full-length anchoring support with cement grouting can be used. The advantage of full-length anchoring support is the high rigidity of the long anchor cable support and timely resistance. However, because the deformation range of the support body is very limited, once the ultimate bearing capacity of the steel strand is exceeded, the steel strand will break, causing the long anchor cable support to fail and the surrounding rock to lose effective support.

[0055] Long anchor cables employing end-anchoring support is a support method that achieves pressure relief support. One-third of the steel strand (bottom of the hole) is tightly bonded to the deep, stable rock mass, while the remaining two-thirds are unbonded. The end of this unbonded section (outside the hole) is fixed to the surface rock mass via an anchor and anchor plate. When the surface rock mass undergoes convergent deformation, the outer end of the steel strand, along with the anchor plate and anchor, moves with the surface rock mass. At this point, the bottom of the hole is fixed, and the unbonded two-thirds of the steel strand from the outer end to the bottom of the hole undergoes elongation deformation. This provides continuous support to the surface rock mass while allowing for some deformation of the surrounding rock surface, thus achieving coordinated deformation between the support structure and the surrounding rock. This fully releases the high stress in the surrounding rock, and the stress on the support structure is significantly reduced compared to rigid support with full-length anchoring, ensuring the overall safety of the rock-support stress system. Therefore, how to achieve end anchoring of grouting long anchor cables is a pressing technical challenge that needs to be addressed.

[0056] This invention provides a long anchor cable anchoring device. To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of this invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0057] The long anchor cable anchoring device includes an anchoring component 100, a grouting component 200, and an isolation component 300. After the anchoring component 100 is inserted into the long anchor cable hole 510, the isolation component 300 is used to temporarily fix the anchoring component 100, and grout is injected into the long anchor cable hole 510 through the grouting component 200. At this time, the isolation component 300 can also isolate the cement grout 230, so that the end of the anchoring component 100 can be anchored in the long anchor cable hole 510.

[0058] Long anchor cables involve drilling deep holes into the rock strata, then inserting steel strands, wire ropes, or threaded steel bars into the holes. Grouting or other methods are then used to tightly bond the steel strands, wire ropes, or threaded steel bars to the surrounding rock mass, thus providing strong anchoring force. Essentially, long anchor cables create a robust anchoring system within the rock strata, using grouting or similar methods to ensure a stable anchoring force by tightly bonding the steel strands, wire ropes, or threaded steel bars to the surrounding rock mass.

[0059] It should be noted that the device provided in this embodiment adopts an end-anchoring method. End anchoring specifically refers to a short anchoring length of the anchoring material, such as the anchor rod or steel strand, within the rock or concrete structure, typically no more than 1 / 3 or 2 / 3 of the total length of the anchor rod or steel strand. This anchoring method primarily achieves its fixing effect by injecting an anchoring agent into one end of the anchor rod or steel strand, causing it to adhere tightly to the internal structure of the rock or concrete 240.

[0060] In this device, the anchoring assembly 100 includes a steel strand 110, a long anchor cable tray 120, and an anchor 130. The first end of the steel strand 110 is used to insert into the long anchor cable hole 510. The long anchor cable tray 120 and the anchor 130 are sequentially fitted onto the second end of the steel strand 110, and the long anchor cable tray 120 abuts against the rock surface at the opening of the long anchor cable hole 510.

[0061] Specifically, the steel strand 110 possesses high strength and flexibility, enabling it to adapt to complex geological conditions and effectively transmit and disperse stress. The first end of the steel strand 110 is inserted into a pre-drilled long anchor cable hole 510, the hole is plugged, and grout is injected into the hole, thus bonding the steel strand to the bedrock with cement grout. The long anchor cable tray 120 is used to connect stable rock masses deep within the tunnel with unstable rock masses on the tunnel surface using the steel strand. Anchors and the anchor tray prevent movement and deformation of the rock mass on the tunnel surface. The tray is tightly abutted against the rock surface at the opening of the long anchor cable hole 510, tightly connecting the surface rock mass to the deep stable rock mass through the steel strand, achieving a firm anchoring of the surface rock mass. The anchor 130 is used to lock the steel strand 110, ensuring that there is no relative displacement between the second end of the steel strand 110 and the tray during operation. Anchor 130 works in conjunction with the tray to lock one end of the steel strand, providing a strong locking force for the entire anchoring assembly 100. During use, the other end is locked to the deep rock mass through grouting. Therefore, if the surface rock mass of the tunnel deforms inwards, it will cause the anchor tray to move inwards simultaneously. The anchor tray is tightly fitted or locked to the steel strand through the anchor, and the other end of the steel strand is fixed to the stable internal shelter. Thus, the steel strand, anchor, and tray can prevent the surface rock mass of the tunnel from deforming inwards.

[0062] The grouting assembly 200 includes a grouting pipe 210 and an venting pipe 220. The steel strand 110, grouting pipe 210, and venting pipe 220 are bundled and fixed together to form a tube bundle. This structure facilitates construction operations and ensures smooth grouting and venting. Specifically, it can be fixed using a fixing strap 140. For example, the fixing strap 140 can be a cable tie.

[0063] Grouting pipe 210 is used to fill cement grout 230 into the long anchor cable hole 510. The cement grout 230 is injected into the long anchor cable hole 510 through the grouting pipe 210. After solidification inside the hole, the cement grout 230 forms a high-strength grout body, enhancing the bond between the steel strand 110 and the bedrock, thereby improving the anchoring effect. Since the hole is a closed space, during the grouting process, as the grout is gradually injected into the hole, the air trapped inside is gradually discharged through the vent pipe 220, ensuring that the cement grout 230 can fully fill the internal space formed by the grouting section of the steel strand 110 and the long anchor cable hole 510.

[0064] The isolation assembly 300 includes an airbag 310, an inflation / deflation pipe 320, and a slurry-stopping sponge plug 330. The inflation / deflation pipe 320 connects to the airbag 310 and is used to control the inflation and deflation of the airbag 310. The airbag 310 is detachably secured to the tubing bundle. The slurry-stopping sponge plug 330 has a central insertion hole 331 through which the tubing bundle passes, and the slurry-stopping sponge plug 330 is located on top of the airbag 310.

[0065] After inflation, the airbag 310 can fit tightly against the inner wall of the long anchor cable hole 510 to support the grout-stopping sponge plug 330. The flexibility and deformability of the grout-stopping sponge plug 330 can adapt to the unevenness of the inner wall of the hole and further prevent cement grout 230 from seeping out of the hole from the wall of the long anchor cable hole 510, thus enhancing the isolation effect. At the same time, it can also provide a certain degree of sealing after grouting is completed.

[0066] For most underground mines, long anchor cables are typically installed on the sidewalls, roof, or stope roof of roadways. Due to the high hardness of the rock mass in hard rock mines, it is necessary to drill holes for the anchor cables, resulting in a relatively large diameter for the long anchor cable holes 510. Therefore, in this embodiment, when using long anchor cables for support in roadways, chambers, or stope roofs, the steel strands 110, grouting pipes 210, venting pipes 220, and grouting sponge plugs are first bundled together. Then, the airbag 310 and its inflation / deflation pipe 320 are bundled together with the steel strands 110 and grouting pipes 210, and then placed into the long anchor cable hole 510. The airbag 310 is then inflated, and grout is injected into the cavity above the airbag 310 within the long anchor cable hole 510. After grouting is completed... After the first preset time period, the air in the airbag 310 is discharged, and the airbag 310 and grouting pipe 210 are recovered. After the second preset time period of grouting is completed, the long anchor cable tray 120 and anchor 130 are installed, thereby realizing the end anchor support of the grouting long anchor cable. The elongation of the steel strand 110 can be used to achieve the purpose of pressure relief support, reducing the possibility of steel strand breakage, avoiding long anchor cable failure, and reducing the maintenance and repair costs of the roadway under high ground pressure and large deformation rock mass conditions.

[0067] The long anchor cable anchoring device provided in this embodiment includes an anchoring component 100, a grouting component 200, and an isolation component 300. After the anchoring component 100 is inserted into the long anchor cable hole 510, the isolation component 300 is used to temporarily fix the anchoring component 100, and grout is injected into the long anchor cable hole 510 through the grouting component 200. At this time, the isolation component 300 can also isolate the cement grout 230, thereby allowing the end of the anchoring component 100 to be anchored in the long anchor cable hole 510. This device achieves end anchoring support for grouting long anchor cables, and can utilize the elongation of the steel strand 110 to achieve the purpose of pressure relief support, reducing the possibility of steel strand breakage, avoiding long anchor cable failure, and reducing the maintenance and repair costs of roadways under high ground pressure and large deformation rock mass conditions.

[0068] Compared to full-length bonded anchoring, using this device for end anchor support reduces the amount of grout injected per hole and the consumption of raw materials, thus improving construction efficiency. Furthermore, based on the reusable inflatable airbag 310 and grouting pipe 210, the material cost per use is reduced, lowering the support cost.

[0069] In one embodiment of the present invention, the device further includes a fixing member 332, which is fitted onto the lower end of the outer wall of the anti-grouting sponge plug 330.

[0070] The fastener 332 securely mounts the grout-stopping sponge plug 330 onto the outside of the tube bundle. This serves two purposes: firstly, it fixes the tube bundle in place; secondly, because the grout-stopping sponge plug 330 is deformable, it seals the gap between the sponge plug 330 and the tube bundle, preventing cement grout 230 from leaking during grouting. The use of this fastener 332 further enhances the stability and effectiveness of the grout-stopping sponge plug 330, improving the overall sealing and stability of the structure.

[0071] Furthermore, the fastener 332 can be a cable tie, which is easy to operate, inexpensive, and provides good fastening. In use, the cable tie can be easily wrapped around the lower end of the outer wall of the grout-stopping sponge plug 330 and pulled tight. Its built-in teeth secure the cable tie, thus effectively fixing the grout-stopping sponge plug 330. The cable tie has a certain degree of elasticity and adaptability, allowing it to accommodate grout-stopping sponge plugs 330 of different diameters and shapes, increasing its flexibility and versatility.

[0072] In one embodiment of the present invention, a sealing foam is used to fill the space between the tube bundle and the grout-stopping sponge plug 330. The foam, also known as expanding foam or polyurethane foam sealant, has excellent sealing, adhesion, and filling properties. It forms a continuous, seamless sealing layer between the tube bundle and the grout-stopping sponge plug 330, effectively preventing the penetration of cement grout 230 and ensuring the sealing and integrity of the tube bundle assembly.

[0073] In one embodiment of the present invention, the device further includes a fixing wedge 400, which is disposed at the port of the long anchor cable hole 510. The main function of the fixing wedge 400 is to securely fix the position of the tube bundle within the long anchor cable hole 510, preventing the steel strand from slipping out of the hole due to its own weight and causing injury or loosening after the steel strand is installed in the hole until the grouting is completed and solidified.

[0074] Furthermore, the fixing wedge 400 can be a wooden wedge.

[0075] In one embodiment of the present invention, the lengths of the steel strand 110, the vent pipe 220, and the grouting pipe 210 decrease sequentially. Based on this structure, when the device is installed in the downward-facing long anchor cable hole 510, the positions of the ends of the steel strand 110, the vent pipe 220, and the grouting pipe 210 decrease sequentially.

[0076] Based on the above structure, cement grout 230 is injected into the long anchor cable hole 510 through the grouting pipe 210 using a grouting machine. After the cement grout 230 enters the internal space above the grout-stopping sponge plug 330, excess gas is discharged through the exhaust pipe 220. Once the cement grout 230 flows out of the exhaust pipe 220, it indicates that the long anchor cable hole 510 is full, and grouting can be stopped.

[0077] The long anchor cable anchoring device provided in this embodiment includes an anchoring component 100, a grouting component 200, and an isolation component 300. After the anchoring component 100 is inserted into the long anchor cable hole 510, the isolation component 300 is used to temporarily fix the anchoring component 100, and grout is injected into the long anchor cable hole 510 through the grouting component 200. At this time, the isolation component 300 can also isolate the cement grout 230, thereby allowing the end of the anchoring component 100 to be anchored in the long anchor cable hole 510. This device achieves end anchoring support for grouting long anchor cables, and can utilize the elongation of the steel strand 110 to achieve the purpose of pressure relief support, reducing the possibility of steel strand breakage, avoiding long anchor cable failure, and reducing the maintenance and repair costs of roadways under high ground pressure and large deformation rock mass conditions.

[0078] Compared to full-length bonded anchoring, using this device for end anchor support reduces the amount of grout injected per hole and the consumption of raw materials, thus improving construction efficiency. Furthermore, based on the reusable inflatable airbag 310 and grouting pipe 210, the material cost per use is reduced, lowering the support cost.

[0079] The following description uses an example of a long anchor cable hole 510 with a diameter of ф60mm and a depth of 6m, commonly used in underground mines, to illustrate the long anchor cable anchoring device provided by this invention. The steel strand 110 used can be ф15.2mm, ф17.8mm, or other specifications. Each hole can use a single or double strand; the following description only assumes a single ф15.2mm steel strand 110 is installed in one hole. If a specific mine uses different steel strand 110 or different long anchor cable hole depths, these can be achieved through minor adjustments.

[0080] Specifically, the anchoring component 100 includes a steel strand 110, a long anchor cable tray 120, and an anchor 130. It is the main force-bearing and force-transmitting device, applying a force to constrain the convergence deformation of the surrounding rock at the roadway surface through the anchor 130 and the long anchor cable tray 120. This constraining force is then transmitted through the steel strand 110 to the stable rock strata deep within the surrounding rock, achieving interlocking between the deep rock mass and the surface rock mass of the roadway or stope. The steel strand 110 can be a single strand with a diameter of 15.2mm and a length of 6.3m. The long anchor cable tray 120 can have dimensions of 200mm x 200mm x 20mm (length x width x thickness), made of Q235 steel, with a 18mm hole drilled in the center. The anchor 130 is a KM15-1860 type and is installed using a front-mounted jack.

[0081] The grouting assembly 200 comprises a grouting pipe 210 and an vent pipe 220. Its main function is to securely fix the steel strand 110 into the long anchor cable hole 510 through cement grouting. The grouting pipe 210 is connected to a grouting pump, which injects prepared cement grout 230 with a water-cement ratio of approximately 0.5 into the long anchor cable hole 510 through the grouting pipe 210. The vent pipe 220 allows air trapped in the upper part of the long anchor cable hole 510 to escape as the grout gradually rises from bottom to top, ensuring the hole is filled with cement grout 230. When the grouting operator sees grout flowing out of the vent pipe 220, it indicates that the long anchor cable hole 510 is full, and grouting can be stopped immediately. The grouting pipe 210 serves as the channel for the grout to reach the long anchor cable hole 510 from the grouting pump. The grouting pipe 210 has an outer diameter of ф20mm and a wall thickness of 2mm. It is made of materials such as PE (Polyethylene, a thermoplastic resin polymerized from ethylene) and can withstand a pressure of 0.2-0.4MPa. The exhaust pipe 220 has an outer diameter of ф10mm and a wall thickness of 1-1.5mm. It is made of materials such as PE.

[0082] The isolation assembly 300 consists of a grout-stopping sponge plug 330, an air bladder 310, and an inflation / deflation pipe 320. Its main purpose is to achieve end anchoring of long anchor cables. The grout-stopping sponge plug 330 is cylindrical with a diameter of ф75mm and a height of 80mm. The center of this cylinder has a flat-hole-type insertion hole 331 (see...). Figures 2 to 3 As shown in the figure, it is used to pass through the steel strand 110, the exhaust pipe 220 and the grouting pipe 210.

[0083] The diameter of the grout-stopping sponge plug 330 is 15mm larger than the diameter of the long anchor cable hole 510. Utilizing its superior deformability and elasticity, it can not only be tied to the steel strand 110, the vent pipe 220, and the grouting pipe 210, but also be smoothly inserted into the designed position in the hole along with these tube bundles. At the same time, its own deformability can also achieve a relative seal between the grout-stopping sponge plug 330 and the hole wall, as well as the steel strand 110, the grouting pipe 210, and the vent pipe 220, preventing cement grout 230 from flowing out of the hole from the gaps between the above-mentioned components. In addition, in order to further prevent the possible leakage of cement grout 230 between the above-mentioned components, it is necessary to tie the grout-stopping sponge plug 330, the steel strand 110, the grouting pipe 210, and the vent pipe 220 together, and then reinforce the gaps of the above-mentioned components with foam adhesive before inserting them into the hole to ensure that nothing goes wrong.

[0084] In this embodiment, considering the low strength of the grout-stopping sponge plug 330, an airbag 310 is designed and installed to further prevent the cement grout 230 from flowing out of the hole. This airbag not only provides good bottom support for the grout-stopping sponge plug 330, but also serves as a second barrier to prevent grout leakage, and is an important component for achieving end anchoring. The airbag 310 is made of synthetic rubber and fiber cloth, or TPU (Thermoplastic polyurethanes), PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride), etc. In its uninflated state, the airbag 310 is a flat bag shape, with a height of 80mm and a length of 280mm. The airbag 310 is connected to an inflation / deflation pipe 320 with dimensions of ф8mm × 7m (structure as shown). Figure 4 As shown, the airbag 310 can be bent and folded when it is not inflated, and can be used to wrap the steel strand 110, the exhaust pipe 220 and the grouting pipe 210.

[0085] After the airbag 310 is fully inflated within the opening, its actual state relative to the other components is as follows: Figure 5 As shown. In this embodiment, the inflation / deflation pipe 320 is made of PVC material, is 6.5m long, has an outer diameter of ф10mm, and a wall thickness of 2mm.

[0086] The beneficial effects of implementing this long anchor cable anchoring device include:

[0087] (1) The long anchor cable anchoring device enables the end anchoring support of long anchor cables bonded by grouting in hard rock mines. Due to the limitations of drilling equipment in hard rock mines, it is not possible to drill long anchor cable holes 510 that meet the three-diameter matching requirements and can be bonded with resin anchoring agent to achieve end anchoring support. Usually, long anchor cable bonding is carried out by cement grout 230. For long anchor cables in the sidewalls and roofs of the mining area or roadway, only full-length bonded anchoring can be used. Under high stress environment, the deformation and failure of the rock mass will cause stress concentration in a certain area of ​​the long anchor cable (usually near the roadway surface), which can easily lead to the breakage of the steel strand 110 and the failure of the long anchor cable support, making it impossible to achieve pressure relief support. The advantage of end long anchor cable support bonded by resin anchoring agent in coal mines cannot be used for long anchor cable support in hard rock mines. The long anchor cable anchoring device allows grouting to act only on the ends of the long anchor cables. The advantage of the long anchor cable end cementing support is that it can allow partial deformation of the rock mass by utilizing the extension characteristics of the steel strand 110, while at the same time providing continuous support resistance to the surrounding rock on the roadway surface based on the super tensile force of the steel strand 110, thus achieving pressure relief support. This support method can significantly extend the service life of the engineering structure and reduce the frequency and cost of maintenance and repair of the roadway.

[0088] (2) The long anchor cable anchoring device reduces the cement grout consumption of single hole grouting 230, reducing the original single hole grouting volume from 100% to more than 33%, further reducing the grouting cost;

[0089] (3) The long anchor cable anchoring device can reuse the inflatable airbag 310 and the grouting pipe 210, which reduces the material cost per use, lowers the support cost, and saves resources;

[0090] (4) The installation process of the airbag 310 is relatively simple, and the airbag 310 can be quickly inflated based on the high-pressure air source used for drilling in the well and reach the predetermined shape and size, resulting in high construction efficiency. At the same time, there is no need to seal the long anchor cable hole 510, which shortens the 24-hour curing cycle required after sealing with cement grout 230, and shortens the overall construction cycle of long anchor cable support.

[0091] This invention also provides a method for anchoring long anchor cables. Figure 13 This is a flowchart of a long anchor cable anchoring method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Please refer to it. Figure 13 The method includes:

[0092] 1301. Tie the steel strand 110, grouting pipe 210, and exhaust pipe 220 together to form a tube bundle.

[0093] In this step, the steel strand 110, grouting pipe 210, and vent pipe 220 are tied together with cable ties to facilitate insertion into the long anchor cable hole 510.

[0094] 1302. Insert the tube bundle into the insertion hole 331 in the center of the grout-stopping sponge plug 330.

[0095] The softness and absorbency of the grout-stopping sponge plug 330 can further prevent the cement grout 230 from penetrating, thus enhancing the isolation effect.

[0096] Furthermore, the method includes using a fastener 332 to bind the lower end of the outer wall of the grout-stopping sponge plug 330, thereby fixing the grout-stopping sponge plug 330 to the tube bundle. The fastener 332 securely mounts the grout-stopping sponge plug 330 onto the tube bundle, providing both fixation and, due to its deformability, sealing the gap between the grout-stopping sponge plug 330 and the tube bundle, preventing cement grout 230 leakage during pouring. The use of this fastener 332 further enhances the stability and effectiveness of the grout-stopping sponge plug 330, improving the overall sealing and stability of the structure.

[0097] Furthermore, the fastener 332 can be a cable tie, which is easy to operate, inexpensive, and provides good fastening. In use, the cable tie can be easily wrapped around the lower end of the outer wall of the grout-stopping sponge plug 330 and pulled tight. Its built-in teeth secure the cable tie, thus effectively fixing the grout-stopping sponge plug 330. The cable tie has a certain degree of elasticity and adaptability, allowing it to accommodate grout-stopping sponge plugs 330 of different diameters and shapes, increasing its flexibility and versatility.

[0098] Furthermore, it also includes: sealing the gap between the tube bundle and the grout-stopping sponge plug 330 with foam adhesive.

[0099] Foam sealant, also known as expanding foam or polyurethane foam sealant, has excellent sealing, adhesion, and filling properties. It can form a continuous, seamless sealing layer between the tube bundle and the grout-stopping sponge plug 330, effectively preventing the penetration of cement grout 230 and ensuring the sealing and integrity of the tube bundle assembly.

[0100] 1303. The airbag 310 and the inflation / deflation pipe 320 are detachably tied to the tube bundle and inserted into the preset position in the long anchor cable hole 510.

[0101] This step is used to prepare for subsequent grouting. For example, plastic tape can be used to detachably bind the airbag 310 and the inflation / deflation pipe 320 and the tube bundle, which can both bind them and make them easy to be ruptured by the airbag 310.

[0102] Furthermore, it also includes: using a fixing wedge 400 to fix the end of the long anchor cable hole 510. The main function of the fixing wedge 400 is to firmly fix the position of the tube bundle in the long anchor cable hole 510, and to prevent the steel strand from slipping out of the hole due to its own weight and causing injury or loosening after the steel strand is installed in the hole until the grouting is completed and solidified.

[0103] 1304. Inflate the airbag 310 through the inflation / deflation pipe 320. When the inflation pressure reaches the preset pressure, the airbag 310 inflates, thus supporting the anti-slurry sponge plug 330.

[0104] Inflation is performed on the airbag 310 through the inflation / deflation pipe 320. When the inflation pressure reaches the preset pressure, the airbag 310 inflates, tearing the plastic tape connecting the airbag 310, steel strand 110, grouting pipe 210, and vent pipe 220 to the tube bundle, allowing for full inflation. The airbag 310 fully fills the space between the tube bundle and the inner wall of the long anchor cable hole 510, supporting the grout-stopping sponge plug 330 and preventing the cement grout 230 from flowing out during future grouting. It also prevents the tube bundle from slipping out of the hole due to the friction between the airbag 310 and the aforementioned tube bundles, as well as between the airbag 310 and the hole wall. The preset inflation pressure for the airbag 310 can be set as needed, for example, to 0.1-0.2 MPa.

[0105] 1305. Grouting is carried out into the long anchor cable hole 510 through the grouting pipe 210. Grouting is stopped after cement grout 230 flows out of the vent pipe 220.

[0106] Further, this step includes injecting cement grout 230 with a water-cement ratio of 0.4-0.8 into the long anchor cable hole 510 through the grouting pipe 210. Specifically, the grouting pipe 210 of the grouting machine is tightly connected to the grouting pipe 210 of the long anchor cable, and then the cement grout 230 with a water-cement ratio of about 0.5 is injected into the long anchor cable hole 510 using the grouting machine. Once cement grout 230 is observed flowing out of the vent pipe 220, it indicates that the long anchor cable hole 510 is full, and grouting is immediately stopped.

[0107] 1306. After the first preset time has elapsed since the grouting is completed, the gas inside the airbag 310 is discharged, and the airbag 310 and the grouting pipe 210 are recovered.

[0108] After the first preset time period following the completion of grouting, the valve of the inflation / deflation pipe 320 is opened, allowing the gas inside the airbag 310 to leak out. Then, the inflation / deflation pipe 320 of the airbag 310 and the grouting pipe 210 are simultaneously dragged to retrieve the airbag 310, its inflation / deflation pipe 320, and the grouting pipe 210. The grouting pipe 210 is then cleared as quickly as possible for reuse. The first preset time period can be set as needed, for example, it can be 3-5 hours after the completion of grouting.

[0109] 1307. After the second preset time has elapsed since the grouting is completed, install the long anchor cable tray 120 and the anchor 130.

[0110] Specifically, a front-mounted jack can be used to install the long anchor cable tray 120 and anchor 130. After the second preset time period following the completion of grouting, the front-mounted jack is used to install the long anchor cable tray 120 and anchor 130, completing the installation of the long anchor cable. The second preset time period can be set as needed, for example, it can be 48 hours after the completion of grouting.

[0111] The long anchor cable anchoring method provided in this embodiment includes an anchoring component 100, a grouting component 200, and an isolation component 300. After the anchoring component 100 is inserted into the long anchor cable hole 510, the isolation component 300 is used to temporarily fix the anchoring component 100, and grout is injected into the long anchor cable hole 510 through the grouting component 200. At this time, the isolation component 300 can also isolate the cement grout 230, thereby allowing the end of the anchoring component 100 to be anchored in the long anchor cable hole 510. This device achieves end anchoring support for grouting long anchor cables, and can utilize the elongation of the steel strand 110 to achieve the purpose of pressure relief support, reducing the possibility of steel strand breakage, avoiding long anchor cable failure, and reducing the maintenance and repair costs of roadways under high ground pressure and large deformation rock mass conditions.

[0112] In this embodiment, taking the example of chiseling a long anchor cable hole 510 with a specification of ф60mm×6m in the tunnel roof 520, it is planned to install a steel strand 110 with a specification of ф15.24mm×6.3m, with a reserved length of 300mm outside the hole. The steel strand 110 is bonded with 2m of cement grout 230 near the bottom of the hole, while the remaining 4m of the steel strand 110 inside the hole remains free and unbonded. The specific installation steps are as follows:

[0113] (1) After the long anchor cable hole 510 is completed, use high pressure water and high pressure air to clean the rock powder and other debris in the hole;

[0114] (2) Tie the steel strand 110, grouting pipe 210, and vent pipe 220 together with cable ties, with a spacing of about 1m between each tying point. Leave a 100mm gap between the end of the vent pipe 220 and the end of the steel strand 110, and leave a 2m gap between the end of the grouting pipe 210 and the end of the steel strand 110. Figure 6 As shown.

[0115] (3) Insert the bundle formed by the above-mentioned tied steel strand 110, grouting pipe 210 and vent pipe 220 into the insertion hole 331 in the center of the grout-stopping sponge plug 330, and then use cable ties to tie the lower end of the sponge plug to the above-mentioned bundle, the specific position as shown in the figure. Figures 7 to 8As shown, this facilitates insertion into the long anchor cable hole 510. Simultaneously, to ensure a tight seal between the grouting pipe 210, steel strand 110, vent pipe 220, and the insertion hole 331 of the grout-stopping sponge plug 330, after binding the grout-stopping sponge plug 330, foam adhesive is further used to seal the gaps between the steel strand 110, grouting pipe 210, vent pipe 220, and grout-stopping sponge plug 330, ensuring no leakage of cement grout 230.

[0116] (4) Then, bind the airbag 310 and the inflation / deflation pipe 320 together with the above-mentioned tubing using plastic tape. The advantage of the plastic tape is that it can be stretched open after the airbag 310 is inflated. Figures 9 to 10 As shown, this facilitates the smooth insertion of the aforementioned components into the hole;

[0117] (5) Carefully insert each of the above-mentioned cable bundles into the predetermined position in the φ60mm×6m long anchor cable hole 510, and then fix the hole opening with the fixing wedge 400 to prevent the above-mentioned cable bundles from slipping out of the hole. Then, inflate the airbag 310 through the inflation and deflation pipe 320. When the inflation pressure reaches 0.1-0.2MPa, the airbag 310 inflates, which will crack the plastic tape connecting the airbag 310, steel strand 110, grouting pipe 210, and venting pipe 220 to fully inflate and complete the support of the grout-stopping sponge plug 330 (e.g. Figure 11 and Figure 5 As shown in the diagram, this can prevent the cement slurry 230 from flowing out during future grouting. It can also prevent the tube bundles from slipping out of the hole based on the friction between the airbag 310 and the above-mentioned tube bundles, as well as between the airbag 310 and the hole wall. After the airbag 310 is fully inflated, the opening of the inflation and deflation pipe 320 is tightened to prevent gas leakage.

[0118] (6) Connect the grouting pipe 210 of the grouting machine to the grouting pipe 210 of the long anchor cable tightly. Then, use the grouting machine to inject cement grout 230 with a water-cement ratio of about 0.5 into the long anchor cable hole 510. After cement grout 230 is seen flowing out of the vent pipe 220, it indicates that the long anchor cable hole 510 is full, and grouting should be stopped immediately. The state after grouting is as follows: Figure 1 As shown;

[0119] (7) Between 3 and 5 hours after grouting is completed, the cement grout 230 has initially set but has not yet reached a certain strength. At this time, open the valve of the inflation / exhaust pipe 320, and the gas in the airbag 310 will leak out. Then, simultaneously drag the inflation / exhaust pipe 320 of the airbag 310 and the grouting pipe 210 to recover the airbag 310 and its inflation / exhaust pipe 320 and grouting pipe 210 (e.g., Figure 12 (As shown), clear the grouting pipe 210 as soon as possible and save it for reuse next time;

[0120] (8) After grouting is completed for 48 hours, use jacks to install anchor 130 and long anchor cable tray 120 to complete the installation of long anchor cable.

[0121] It should be understood that the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. A and B can be singular or plural. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates an "or" relationship between the preceding and following related objects, but it can also represent an "and / or" relationship. Please refer to the context for a more accurate understanding.

[0122] In this invention, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item or a plurality of items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be a single item or multiple items.

[0123] It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present invention, the order of the above-mentioned process numbers does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0124] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A long anchor cable anchoring device, characterized in that, The device includes: an anchoring assembly, a grouting assembly, and an isolation assembly; The anchoring assembly includes a steel strand, a long anchor cable tray, and an anchor. The first end of the steel strand is used to insert into the long anchor cable hole, the diameter of the long anchor cable hole is not less than 55mm, the long anchor cable tray and the anchor are sequentially fitted onto the second end of the steel strand, and the long anchor cable tray abuts against the rock surface at the opening of the long anchor cable hole. The grouting assembly includes a grouting pipe and an exhaust pipe. The steel strand, the grouting pipe, and the exhaust pipe are bundled and fixed to form a tube bundle. The grouting pipe is used to fill the long anchor cable hole with cement grout. The exhaust pipe is made of PVC, and the grouting pipe is made of PE. The isolation assembly includes an airbag, an inflation / deflation pipe, and a grout-stopping sponge plug. The inflation / deflation pipe connects to the airbag. The airbag is flat and bag-shaped when not inflated. The airbag is detachably tied and fixed to the tube bundle. The grout-stopping sponge plug has an insertion hole in the center. The tube bundle passes through the insertion hole. The airbag is positioned at a preset position inside the long anchor cable hole, and the grout-stopping sponge plug is located on the upper side of the airbag. The airbag is used to support the grout-stopping sponge plug and fit against the hole wall after inflation. The space between the tube bundle and the grout-stopping sponge plug is sealed with foam adhesive. The airbag, the foam adhesive, and the grout-stopping sponge plug work together to confine the cement grout within the hole section above the grout-stopping sponge plug and allow it to solidify during grouting. After the first preset time has elapsed since the grouting was completed, the gas inside the airbag is released, and the airbag and grouting pipe are recovered. After the second preset time period following the completion of grouting, install the long anchor cable tray and anchorage; After grouting is completed, end anchor support is achieved. The second end of the steel strand, along with the long anchor cable tray and anchor, can move together with the rock surface at the borehole opening. The non-bonded section of the steel strand can undergo elongation deformation.

2. The long anchor cable anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device further includes a fixing member, which is fitted onto the lower end of the outer wall of the anti-slurry sponge plug.

3. The long anchor cable anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device further includes a fixing wedge disposed at the port of the long anchor cable hole.

4. The long anchor cable anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lengths of the steel strand, the exhaust pipe, and the grouting pipe decrease sequentially.

5. A method for anchoring long anchor cables, characterized in that, The method includes: The steel strands, grouting pipes, and vent pipes are bundled together to form a tube bundle. The vent pipes are made of PVC, and the grouting pipes are made of PE. Insert the tube bundle into the insertion hole at the center of the grout-stopping sponge plug; The gap between the tube bundle and the grout-stopping sponge plug is sealed with foam adhesive; The airbag and inflation / deflation pipe are detachably tied to the tube bundle and inserted into a preset position in the long anchor cable hole, wherein the airbag is flat and bag-shaped when not inflated. Inflate the airbag through the inflation and deflation pipe. When the inflation pressure reaches the preset pressure, the airbag inflates and supports the anti-slurry sponge plug. Grout is injected into the long anchor cable hole through the grouting pipe. Grouting is stopped after cement slurry flows out of the vent pipe. The air bag, the foam adhesive and the grout-stopping sponge plug work together to confine the cement slurry within the hole section above the grout-stopping sponge plug to solidify during grouting. After the first preset time has elapsed since the grouting was completed, the gas inside the airbag is released, and the airbag and grouting pipe are recovered. After the second preset time period following the completion of grouting, install the long anchor cable tray and anchorage; This forms a cement-bonded anchoring section deep within the long anchor cable hole, and a non-bonded free section above the grout-stopping sponge plug to adapt to the deformation of the surrounding rock, thus achieving end anchor support and pressure relief deformation.

6. The long anchor cable anchoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that, After inserting the tube bundle into the insertion hole at the center of the grout-stopping sponge plug, the method further includes: The lower end of the outer wall of the grout-stopping sponge plug is secured with a fastener to fix the grout-stopping sponge plug to the tubing bundle.

7. The long anchor cable anchoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that, After the airbag and inflation / deflation pipe are detachably bundled with the tube bundle and inserted into a preset position in the long anchor cable hole, the process further includes: A fixing wedge is used to secure the port of the long anchor cable hole.

8. The long anchor cable anchoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The grouting into the long anchor cable hole via the grouting pipe includes injecting cement grout with a water-cement ratio of 0.4-0.8 into the long anchor cable hole via the grouting pipe.

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