Planting method of litsea cubeba

Abstract

The application relates to a planting method of Chinese spicebush in the field of economic forest and forest cultivation, and the planting method comprises the following steps: planting Chinese spicebush on a planting site according to a preset row distance and a preset plant distance; the preset row distance is 4-6 meters, and the preset plant distance is 1.8-2.2 meters. The application expands the yield of Chinese spicebush through an optimized planting mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the fields of economic forests and forest cultivation, specifically to a method for cultivating Litsea cubeba. Background Technology

[0002] Litsea cubeba is a multi-purpose "cash cow" with uses including natural spices, food, medicine, ornamental purposes, and bioenergy. The industrial utilization of Litsea cubeba primarily relies on the volatile essential oil obtained through distillation of the fresh fruit, commonly known as Litsea cubeba oil. However, currently, Litsea cubeba is mainly harvested from wild resources, with only a few areas using artificial afforestation. Due to a lack of techniques for density control, trunk shape management, water and fertilizer management, and mechanized operations, the quality of planted Litsea cubeba stands is generally low. Furthermore, the high costs of irrigation, fertilization, and harvesting in mountainous areas lead to low management efficiency and low investment enthusiasm among growers, severely impacting the stable supply of Litsea cubeba oil. To ensure the sustainable development of the Litsea cubeba industry, it is essential to improve the management efficiency and quality of Litsea cubeba forest stands. Therefore, this application is hereby submitted. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides one or more embodiments of a method for cultivating Litsea cubeba. The method includes the following technical solutions:

[0004] One or more embodiments of this application provide a method for cultivating Litsea cubeba, the method comprising the following steps:

[0005] Plant Litsea cubeba on the planting site according to the preset row spacing and plant spacing;

[0006] The preset row spacing is 4-6 meters, and the preset plant spacing is 1.8-2.2 meters;

[0007] Under the condition that the planting site is a slope:

[0008] The planting method includes first preparing the land using a strip tillage pattern, and then planting the Litsea cubeba on the prepared planting strip terraces according to the preset row spacing and preset plant spacing;

[0009] The preset row spacing is the projection distance;

[0010] There are reserve zones between adjacent planting zones;

[0011] When the slope of the slope is less than or equal to 15 degrees, the width of the planting strip terrace is set to 2-3 meters, and the projected width of the retention strip is set to 1-2 meters.

[0012] When the slope of the slope is greater than 15 degrees, the width of the planting strip terrace is set to 0.3 meters to 0.5 meters, and the projected width of the retention strip is set to 3 meters to 4 meters.

[0013] In some embodiments of this application, the planting area is cleaned before land preparation; alternatively, the cleanup mainly involves removing weeds and / or stones.

[0014] In some embodiments of this application, the planting method further includes laying a transport track on the retention strip.

[0015] In some embodiments of this application, the dimensions of the planting hole dug during the planting process are: a cross-sectional length of 0.4-0.5 meters, a cross-sectional width of 0.4-0.5 meters, and a depth of 0.4-0.5 meters.

[0016] In some embodiments of this application, the planting period is controlled to last from November to April of the following year.

[0017] In some embodiments of this application, the planting method further includes adjusting the ratio of female to male plants to (9-10):1 after 1.8-2.2 years of planting the Litsea cubeba.

[0018] In some embodiments of this application, the planting method further includes: installing a horizontal drip irrigation system to provide water to each Litsea cubeba plant, and / or fertilizing each Litsea cubeba plant from February to August each year.

[0019] In some embodiments of this application, the fertilizer is dissolved in water and supplied to each Litsea cubeba plant through the horizontal drip irrigation system.

[0020] In some embodiments of this application, the planting method further includes a step of pruning the Litsea cubeba;

[0021] Optionally, pruning can be carried out when the Litsea cubeba tree is older than 2 years, has a trunk taller than 1 meter, and has more than 3 lateral branches;

[0022] Alternatively, pruning can be carried out from late winter to early spring of the following year;

[0023] Alternatively, pruning can be done once to three times a year;

[0024] Alternatively, pruning mainly involves shaping the Litsea cubeba tree into an open-center shape.

[0025] In some embodiments of this application, the planting site has one or more of the following conditions:

[0026] (1) The planting site is located in a subtropical region;

[0027] (2) The slope of the planting site is less than or equal to 45 degrees;

[0028] (3) The soil layer thickness of the planting area is greater than or equal to 0.4 meters;

[0029] (4) The soil pH of the planting site is 4.5–6.0;

[0030] (5) The altitude of the planting site is below 1800 meters;

[0031] (6) The relative altitude of the planting site is below 900 meters;

[0032] (7) The planting area is suitable for afforestation, sparse forest, low-efficiency degraded forest, forest without standing trees, logging site, or burned site; and,

[0033] (8) The soil of the planting site is yellow soil, red soil or mountain brown soil.

[0034] Details of one or more embodiments of this application are set forth in the following description, and other features, objects, and advantages of this application will become apparent from the specification and its claims. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application and to more completely understand this application and its beneficial effects, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a "wide row, narrow plant" planting layout;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a site plan for planting areas with a slope of less than 15 degrees.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a site plan for planting areas with a slope greater than 15 degrees. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, embodiments, and examples. It should be understood that these embodiments and examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. The purpose of providing these embodiments and examples is to enable a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of the disclosure of the present application. It should also be understood that the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments and examples described herein. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or alterations without departing from the spirit of the present application, and the equivalent forms obtained also fall within the protection scope of the present application. Furthermore, numerous specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a fuller understanding of the present application. It should be understood that the present application can be implemented without one or more of these details.

[0040] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in this application and in its specification is for descriptive purposes only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

[0041] the term

[0042] Unless otherwise stated or in case of conflict, the terms or phrases used in this application shall have the following meanings:

[0043] The terms "and / or," "or / and," and "and / or" as used in this application encompass any one of two or more of the related listed items, as well as any and all combinations of the related listed items. These arbitrary and all combinations include any two related listed items, any more related listed items, or a combination of all related listed items. It should be noted that when at least three items are connected using at least two conjunctions selected from "and / or," "or / and," and "and / or," it should be understood that in this application, the technical solution undoubtedly includes solutions connected by "logical AND," and also undoubtedly includes solutions connected by "logical OR." For example, "A and / or B" includes three parallel solutions: A, B, and A+B. For example, the technical solution of "A, and / or, B, and / or, C, and / or, D" includes any one of A, B, C, and D (that is, a technical solution that is connected by "logical OR"), as well as any and all combinations of A, B, C, and D, that is, combinations of any two or three of A, B, C, and D, and also combinations of all four of A, B, C, and D (that is, a technical solution that is connected by "logical AND").

[0044] In this application, the terms "multiple", "various", "multiple times", "multi-dimensional", etc., unless otherwise specified, refer to a quantity greater than or equal to 2. For example, "one or more" means one or more than or equal to two.

[0045] The terms “combinations thereof,” “any combination thereof,” and “any combination thereof” as used in this application include all suitable combinations of any two or more of the listed items.

[0046] In this application, the term "suitable" as used in "suitable combination", "suitable method", "any suitable method", etc., refers to the ability to implement the technical solution of this application, solve the technical problem of this application, and achieve the expected technical effect of this application.

[0047] In this application, terms such as "preferred," "better," "more suitable," and "ideal" are merely used to describe implementation methods or embodiments that achieve better results, and should be understood not to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0048] In this application, terms such as "further," "even further," and "particularly" are used to describe purposes and indicate differences in content, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0049] In this application, "optionally," "optionally," and "optional" mean that something is optional, that is, it means that it is selected from either "with" or "without." If there are multiple "optional" entries in a technical solution, unless otherwise specified, and there are no contradictions or mutual constraints, each "optional" entry shall be independent.

[0050] In this application, the terms "first aspect," "second aspect," "third aspect," "fourth aspect," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or quantity, nor should they be construed as implicitly indicating the importance or quantity of the indicated technical features. Moreover, "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc., serve only as a non-exhaustive enumeration and should be understood not to constitute a closed limitation on quantity.

[0051] In this application, the technical features described in an open-ended manner include both closed technical solutions consisting of the listed features and open technical solutions that include the listed features.

[0052] In this application, numerical intervals (i.e., numerical ranges) are involved. Unless otherwise specified, the selected numerical distributions within the aforementioned numerical intervals are considered continuous, and include the two endpoints (i.e., the minimum and maximum values) of the numerical range, as well as every value between these two endpoints. Unless otherwise specified, when a numerical interval refers only to integers within that interval, it includes the two endpoint integers of the numerical range, as well as every integer between the two endpoints. In this application, this is equivalent to directly listing every integer. For example, if t is an integer selected from 1 to 10, it means that t is any integer selected from the group of integers consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. Furthermore, when multiple ranges are provided to describe features or characteristics, these ranges can be merged. In other words, unless otherwise specified, the ranges disclosed in this application should be understood to include any and all subranges included therein.

[0053] Unless otherwise specified, the temperature parameters in this application are permitted to be either constant-temperature treatment or variations within a certain temperature range. It should be understood that the constant-temperature treatment allows temperature fluctuations within the precision range of the instrument control, such as ±5℃, ±4℃, ±3℃, ±2℃, or ±1℃.

[0054] In this application, % (w / w) and wt% both represent weight percentage, % (v / v) refers to volume percentage, and % (w / v) refers to mass-volume percentage.

[0055] All references to this application are incorporated herein by reference as if each document were individually incorporated herein by reference. Unless they conflict with the purpose and / or technical solution of this application, all cited references are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and for all purposes. When references are cited in this application, the definitions of relevant technical features, terms, nouns, phrases, etc., are also incorporated herein by reference. Examples and preferred embodiments of the cited technical features may also be incorporated herein by reference, but only to the extent that they enable the implementation of this application. It should be understood that when the cited content conflicts with the description in this application, this application shall prevail or modifications shall be made adaptably to the description in this application.

[0056] This application provides a method for cultivating Litsea cubeba, the method comprising the following steps:

[0057] Plant Litsea cubeba on the planting site according to the preset row spacing and plant spacing;

[0058] The preset row spacing is 4-6 meters, and the preset plant spacing is 1.8-2.2 meters;

[0059] Under the condition that the planting site is a slope:

[0060] The planting method includes first preparing the land using a strip tillage pattern, and then planting the Litsea cubeba on the prepared planting strip terraces according to the preset row spacing and preset plant spacing;

[0061] The preset row spacing is the projection distance;

[0062] There are reserve zones between adjacent planting zones;

[0063] When the slope of the slope is less than or equal to 15 degrees, the width of the planting strip terrace is set to 2-3 meters (e.g., 2, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3 meters), and the projected width of the retention strip is set to 1-2 meters (e.g., 1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2 meters).

[0064] When the slope of the slope is greater than 15 degrees, the width of the planting strip terrace is set to 0.3-0.5 meters (e.g., 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 meters), and the projected width of the retention strip is set to 3-4 meters (e.g., 3, 3.2, 3.4, 3.6, 3.8, 4 meters).

[0065] In this application, the preset row spacing is, for example, 4, 4.2, 4.4, 4.6, 4.8, 5, 5.2, 5.4, 5.6, 5.8, and 6 meters, and the preset plant spacing is, for example, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.1, and 2.2 meters.

[0066] In this application, the planting site can be a slope or other terrain, such as a plain. When a plain is selected as the planting site, the preset row spacing and preset plant spacing are the ground distances. When a slope is selected as the planting site, the preset row spacing and preset plant spacing are the projected distances (i.e., the slope projection distances), for example... Figure 1 The 5 meters in the middle right image.

[0067] Optionally, the planting area may be cleared before land preparation; further optionally, the clearing process mainly involves removing weeds and / or stones.

[0068] Strip farming divides sloping farmland into several contour strips.

[0069] Understandably, in the process of planting Litsea cubeba, based on the above-mentioned key technical parameters (row spacing, plant spacing, width of planting strip terraces, and projection width of retention strips), the remaining management steps can be carried out in accordance with conventional operations. The remaining planting management steps include: the size of the planting holes, the planting time, the time and ratio for adjusting the ratio of male to female plants, water and nutrient supply, pruning, etc.

[0070] In some examples of this application, the planting method further includes laying a transport track on the retention strip. A monorail transport vehicle is laid on the retention strip to facilitate the transport of fresh fruit after harvesting.

[0071] In some examples of this application, the dimensions of the planting holes dug during the planting process are: a cross-sectional length of 0.4-0.5 meters (e.g., 0.4, 0.42, 0.44, 0.46, 0.48, 0.5 meters), a cross-sectional width of 0.4-0.5 meters (e.g., 0.4, 0.42, 0.44, 0.46, 0.48, 0.5 meters), and a depth of 0.4-0.5 meters (e.g., 0.4, 0.42, 0.44, 0.46, 0.48, 0.5 meters).

[0072] In some examples of this application, the planting period is controlled to last from November to April of the following year.

[0073] In some examples of this application, the planting method further includes: adjusting the ratio of female to male plants to (9-10):1 (e.g., 9:1, 9.2:1, 9.4:1, 9.6:1, 9.8:1, 10:1) after planting the Litsea cubeba for 1.8-2.2 years (e.g., 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2 years).

[0074] In some examples of this application, the planting method further includes: installing a horizontal drip irrigation system to provide water to each Litsea cubeba plant, and / or fertilizing each Litsea cubeba plant from February to August each year;

[0075] Optionally, the fertilizer is dissolved in water and supplied to each Litsea cubeba plant through the horizontal drip irrigation system.

[0076] In some examples of this application, the planting method further includes the step of pruning the Litsea cubeba;

[0077] Optionally, pruning can be carried out when the Litsea cubeba tree is older than 2 years, has a trunk taller than 1 meter, and has more than 3 lateral branches;

[0078] Alternatively, pruning can be carried out from late winter to early spring of the following year;

[0079] Alternatively, pruning may be performed once to three times a year (e.g., once, twice, or three times).

[0080] Alternatively, pruning mainly involves shaping the Litsea cubeba tree into an open-center shape.

[0081] In some examples of this application, the planting site has one or more of the following conditions:

[0082] (1) The planting site is located in a subtropical region;

[0083] (2) The slope of the planting site is less than or equal to 45 degrees;

[0084] (3) The soil layer thickness of the planting area is greater than or equal to 0.4 meters;

[0085] (4) The soil pH of the planting site is 4.5–6.0;

[0086] (5) The altitude of the planting site is below 1800 meters;

[0087] (6) The relative altitude of the planting site is below 900 meters;

[0088] (7) The planting area is suitable for afforestation, sparse forest, low-efficiency degraded forest, forest without standing trees, logging site, or burned site; and,

[0089] (8) The soil of the planting site is yellow soil, red soil or mountain brown soil.

[0090] The embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to examples. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. For experimental methods in the following embodiments where specific conditions are not specified, please refer to the guidelines given in this application, or follow experimental manuals or conventional conditions in the art, or follow the conditions recommended by the manufacturer, or refer to experimental methods known in the art.

[0091] In the specific embodiments described below, the measurement parameters involving raw material components may have slight deviations within the weighing accuracy range unless otherwise specified. Temperature and time parameters are subject to acceptable deviations due to instrument testing accuracy or operational precision.

[0092] Example 1

[0093] 1. Site Selection for Afforestation: In Liannan Yao Autonomous County, Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province (112.27°E, 24.68°N), select logging sites with a slope ≤15°, soil layer thickness ≥40cm, pH 4.5-6.0, good drainage and aeration, such as yellow soil, red soil, or mountain brown soil, at an altitude below 1800m and a relative height below 900m, with soil organic matter content of 40-60g·kg. -1 The total nitrogen content is 1.1-2.0 g·kg⁻¹ -1 Total phosphorus content is 0.35-0.40 g / kg, and total potassium content is 12.8-16.5 g / kg. -11 Hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and readily available potassium are 80-134 mg / kg. -1 4.8-6.5 mg·kg -1 35-55 mg·kg -1 ...

[0094] 2. Forest Land Planning: To achieve intensive production, the planting methods for Litsea cubeba include... Figure 1 The "wide rows, narrow plants" layout shown here sets the planting row spacing (projected distance) for Litsea cubeba trees at 5m and the plant spacing at 2m. This ensures that each tree has sufficient growing space to facilitate sunlight exposure, air circulation, and mechanized operations.

[0095] 3. Land Preparation: Clear the planting area beforehand, primarily removing surface weeds and stones. Use strip planting. For slopes of 15° or less, the planting strips should be 2.5m wide, with a retaining strip 1.5m wide to prevent soil erosion. Figure 2 As shown. Ensure the planting strip surface is flat to provide a foundation for subsequent planting and irrigation system layout.

[0096] Understandably, when the slope of the selected planting site is greater than 15°, the parameter design for this step needs to be replaced; that is, it can be referred to... Figure 3Change the settings parameters so that the width of the planting strip is 0.5m and the projected width of the retention strip is 3.5m.

[0097] 4. Digging holes: On the leveled planting strip terrace, dig planting holes at the designed plant spacing of 2m. The length and width of each hole are 45cm and the depth is 45cm. Apply an appropriate amount of base fertilizer to each hole according to the soil fertility and mix the base fertilizer thoroughly with the surface soil.

[0098] 5. Installation of transport tracks: A monorail transport system is laid on the retention strip to facilitate the transportation of fruits after harvesting. It can also be combined with mechanized equipment for harvesting to improve harvesting efficiency and reduce labor costs.

[0099] 6. Planting: Plant during cloudy or rainy days between November and April. Plant the Litsea cubeba seedlings vertically into the pit, cover with soil up to the root collar and compact it.

[0100] 7. Drip Irrigation Installation: One irrigation pond with a storage capacity of ≥60 tons will be set up for every 50 mu of forest land to supply water to the drip irrigation system. In the planting zone, a drip irrigation system including a fertilizer applicator, filter, and control room will be set up for each tree. The drip irrigation pipes will be laid along the roots of the trees to ensure that each tree receives a uniform water supply.

[0101] 8. Water Management: The flowering and fruiting period of Litsea cubeba is from February to August each year. Water deficiency will lead to reduced fruit set, smaller fruits, and decreased essential oil quality. During prolonged droughts, water should be replenished. Apply 2-5 cubic meters of water per plant throughout the year. 3 The irrigation volume was increased due to the drought throughout the year.

[0102] 9. Liquid fertilizer topdressing: Using irrigation water as a carrier, the fertilizer is dissolved in the irrigation water and delivered to the Litsea cubeba root system multiple times through the drip irrigation system during the nutrient demand sensitive period from February to August. The amount of fertilizer and the types and ratios of macro-, meso-, and micro-elements are determined based on soil and nutrient test results. The precise formulation characteristic of liquid fertilizer achieves the goal of reducing application and increasing efficiency.

[0103] 10. Female-to-male ratio: After two years of planting, female plants of Litsea cubeba will begin to bear fruit. In June and July, female plants will be identified and marked. In November, excess male plants will be grafted to replace the crown or replaced with female plants to adjust the female-to-male ratio to 9:1.

[0104] 11. Dryness regulation

[0105] (1) Pruning age: Prune when the tree is more than 2 years old, the main trunk is more than 1m tall, and there are 3-4 or more healthy lateral branches;

[0106] (2) Pruning time: The pruning season is from late winter to early spring, after the flower buds of Litsea cubeba have formed and before the peak flowering period, in order to estimate the yield and avoid pruning the branches with abundant production. At the same time, avoid pruning during the rainy season to reduce the disturbance to pollination and reduce the risk of disease transmission.

[0107] (3) Pruning frequency: The pruning frequency is once a year; the pruning method is to prune into an open-center tree shape. The specific operation is to remove vertically growing branches, dead branches, and weak branches in the middle of the tree, and mainly retain 2-4 lateral branches that are perpendicular to the direction of the planting zone and grow obliquely upward to form a suitable angle to ensure that the light can fully reach the interior of each tree.

[0108] 12. Harvesting: Harvest the green fruit in July and August. For plots without mechanical harvesting, harvest manually and transport the green fruit in a monorail transport vehicle. For plots with mechanical harvesting equipment, harvest in conjunction with the mechanical harvesting equipment.

[0109] 13. Essential oil extraction: The essential oil of green plums is extracted by water distillation. The green plums are placed in a steaming sieve and placed above boiling water. Water is added to the pot below the sieve plate and heated so that the water in the pot boils continuously and generates a large amount of steam. The steam comes into contact with the raw material through the steaming sieve and carries out the essential oil from the green plums. The product is fractionated to obtain a layered product. The upper layer is hydrosol. The yield of hydrosol is the yield of essential oil.

[0110] Comparative Example 1

[0111] This comparative example is a comparative example of Example 1. The only difference between this example and Example 1 is that in step 2, the planting row spacing (projection distance) of Litsea cubeba is set to 3m and the plant spacing is 3m.

[0112] The comparison results are shown in the table below.

[0113] Table 1. Production Comparison

[0114] Example 1 600 30 Comparative Example 1 400 18

[0115] Table 2. Efficiency Comparison

[0116] Example 1 6 Comparative Example 1 30

[0117] Comparative Example 2

[0118] This comparative example is a comparative example of Example 1. The only difference between Example 1 and Example 1 is that in step 3, the width of the planting strip is 3.5m, and a retention strip is left between the planting strips. The projected width of the retention strip is 0.5m.

[0119] Table 3

[0120]

[0121]

[0122] Comparative Example 3

[0123] This comparative example is a comparative example of Example 1. The only difference between Example 1 and Example 1 is that in step 3, the width of the planting strip is 0.5m, and a retention strip is retained between the planting strips. The projected width of the retention strip is 3.5m.

[0124] Table 4

[0125] Example 1 600 30 Comparative Example 3 490 24.0

[0126] Table 5. Efficiency Comparison

[0127] Example 1 6 Comparative Example 3 10

[0128] Based on the above data, this embodiment has the following beneficial effects: by optimizing planting density and trunk management, it maximizes the yield of Litsea cubeba forests while adapting to the requirements of modern mechanized operations. The method is designed with full consideration of the needs of mechanized fertilization and harvesting, is suitable for mountainous operations, and can improve operational efficiency and reduce labor costs.

[0129] Overall, the embodiments of this application provide an intensive planting method for Litsea cubeba forests. By rationally controlling planting density, mechanized management, and trunk shape control, the method achieves high-efficiency production of Litsea cubeba forests while adapting to the needs of mechanized and intelligent management.

[0130] The technical features of the above-described embodiments and examples can be combined in any suitable manner. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments and examples are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0131] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, intended to facilitate a detailed understanding of the technical solutions of this application, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the scope of protection of this application. Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading the above teachings of this application, those skilled in the art can make various alterations or modifications to this application, and the equivalent forms obtained also fall within the scope of protection of this application. It should also be understood that technical solutions obtained by those skilled in the art based on the technical solutions provided in this application through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation are all within the scope of protection of the appended claims. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent application should be determined by the content of the appended claims, and the specification and drawings can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Litsea cubeba, characterized in that, The planting method consists of the following steps: Step 1. Site Selection for Afforestation: Select logging sites with a slope ≤15°, soil layer thickness ≥40cm, pH 4.5-6.0, good drainage and aeration, such as yellow soil, red soil, or mountain brown soil, at an altitude below 1800m and a relative height below 900m, with soil organic matter content of 40-60g·kg. -1 The total nitrogen content is 1.1-2.0 g·kg⁻¹ -1 Total phosphorus content is 0.35-0.40 g / kg, and total potassium content is 12.8-16.5 g / kg. -11 Hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and readily available potassium are 80-134 mg / kg. -1 4.8-6.5 mg·kg -1 35-55 mg·kg -1 ; Step 2. Forest planning: In order to achieve intensive production, the Litsea cubeba trees are planted in a "wide row, narrow plant" layout. The planting row spacing, i.e. the projection distance, is set at 5m, and the plant spacing is 2m. Step 3. Land preparation: Clear the planting area in advance, mainly removing weeds and stones from the surface; use strip land preparation, for mountainous areas with a slope of less than or equal to 15°, the width of the planting strip terrace is 2.5m, and leave a retaining strip between the planting strips, with a projected width of 1.5m, to prevent soil erosion; Step 4. Digging holes: On the leveled planting strip terrace, dig planting holes at the designed plant spacing of 2m. The length and width of each hole are 45cm and the depth is 45cm. Apply an appropriate amount of base fertilizer to each hole according to the soil fertility and mix the base fertilizer thoroughly with the surface soil. Step 5. Installation of transport track: Lay a monorail transport system on the retention strip to facilitate the transport of fruit after harvesting. It can also be combined with mechanized equipment for harvesting to improve harvesting efficiency and reduce labor costs. Step 6. Planting: Plant on cloudy or rainy days between November and April. Plant the Litsea cubeba seedlings vertically into the pit, cover them with soil up to the root collar and compact it. Step 7. Drip irrigation installation: One irrigation pool is set up for every 50 mu of forest land. The water storage capacity of the irrigation pool is ≥60 tons, which is used to supply water to the drip irrigation system. In the planting area, a drip irrigation system including fertilizer applicator, filter, control room, etc. is set up for each tree. The drip irrigation pipes are laid along the roots of the trees to ensure that each tree can receive a uniform water supply. Step 8. Water Management: The flowering and fruiting period for Litsea cubeba is from February to August each year. Water deficiency will lead to reduced fruit set, smaller fruits, and decreased essential oil quality. During prolonged droughts, water should be replenished. Use 2-5 cubic meters of water per plant throughout the year. 3 The irrigation volume increased further due to the year-round drought. Step 9. Liquid fertilizer topdressing: Using irrigation water as a carrier, the fertilizer is dissolved in the irrigation water and delivered to the root system of Litsea cubeba in multiple times through the drip irrigation system during the nutrient demand sensitive period from February to August. Step 10. Female-to-male ratio: After 2 years of planting, the female plants of Litsea cubeba will bear fruit one after another. In June-July, identify the female plants and mark them. In November, grafting or replacing the female plants with female plants will be used to adjust the female-to-male ratio to 9:

1. Step 11. Dryness control (1) Pruning age: Prune when the tree is more than 2 years old, the main trunk is more than 1m tall, and there are 3-4 or more healthy lateral branches; (2) Pruning time: The pruning season is from late winter to early spring, after the flower buds of Litsea cubeba have formed and before the peak flowering period, in order to estimate the yield and avoid pruning the branches with abundant production. At the same time, avoid pruning during the rainy season to reduce the disturbance to pollination and reduce the risk of disease transmission. (3) Pruning frequency: The pruning frequency is once a year; the pruning method is to prune into an open-center tree shape. The specific operation is to remove vertically growing branches, dead branches, and weak branches in the middle of the tree. Mainly retain 2-4 lateral branches that are perpendicular to the direction of the planting strip and grow obliquely upward to form a suitable angle and ensure that the light can fully penetrate the interior of each tree. Step 12. Harvesting: Harvest the green fruit in July and August. For plots without mechanical harvesting, harvest manually and transport the green fruit in a monorail transport vehicle. For plots with mechanical harvesting equipment, harvest in conjunction with the mechanical harvesting equipment. Step 13. Essential oil extraction: The essential oil of green plums is extracted by water distillation. The green plums are placed in a steaming sieve and placed above boiling water. Water is added to the pot below the sieve plate and heated so that the water in the pot boils continuously and generates a large amount of steam. The steam comes into contact with the raw material through the steaming sieve and carries out the essential oil from the green plums. The product is fractionated to obtain a layered product. The upper layer is hydrosol and the lower layer is essential oil.

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