Ultra-precision free-form surface servo fast tool servo device

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of ultra-precision free curved surface servo quick knife device, comprising: base plate and bearing track, the rear end of base plate is fixed in the rear end of bearing track by elastic member, and the front end of base plate is fastened connection with bearing track by connecting block;First drive mechanism and pedestal, both are fixed on base plate, and flexible hinge is arranged at the front and rear ends of the travel direction of first drive mechanism, and flexible hinge is used to realize the guidance of first drive mechanism;Servo quick knife component is connected with the rotor of first drive mechanism, and does reciprocating motion under the driving of rotor;Blowing copper pipe and quick-insert type air pipe joint are respectively arranged at the front end and rear end of base plate, and air passage is arranged in base plate for connecting blowing copper pipe and quick-insert type air pipe joint, and the gas blown by blowing copper pipe acts on cutting edge relief surface.The device can solve the defects of existing servo quick knife vibration, improve the precision of servo quick knife, reduce vibration, meet the needs of existing precision ultra-precision numerical control machine tool.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an ultra-precision freeform surface servo fast tool device, belonging to the field of ultra-precision machining technology. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid advancement of science and technology, ultra-precision machining technology has also developed rapidly. Microstructured components with complex surface shapes are widely used in many fields such as military, high-tech equipment, and fiber optic communication. These complex surface-shaped microstructured components are also called freeform surfaces, including: optical management microstructures, toroidal optical devices, and mechanical components in contact lenses, lens arrays, and laser collimators. These components have complex structures and require very high machining precision, which is difficult to meet using traditional machining methods. With the continuous advancement of technology, many fast and ultra-precision machining methods for manufacturing freeform surfaces have emerged, capable of producing microstructured surfaces that meet the requirements, such as photolithography, micro-grinding, laser processing, and high-speed servo machining. These methods each have their own advantages and disadvantages. Among them, high-speed servo machining is a classic ultra-precision machining technology and one of the hot topics in microstructure turning research. High-speed servo machining refers to the process in which, during turning, the tool is driven by a high-frequency, small-amplitude axial rapid feed motion driven by a high-speed servo micro-feed mechanism mounted on the Z-axis, and this is coordinated with high-precision return and radial feed to complete the turning process. Compared with other ultra-precision machining methods, the feed frequency of the fast tool servo micro-feed mechanism can reach several kilohertz or even higher, which greatly improves the machining efficiency. It can obtain complex micro-structure surfaces with high surface accuracy in one machining operation, and is suitable for efficient and high-quality machining of micro-structure components such as optical components.

[0003] The fast-tool servo micro-feed mechanism is a very important component in the fast-tool servo machining system. As a high-speed, high-precision displacement output mechanism, its precision determines the accuracy level of the machine tool, and its performance also has a direct impact on the surface quality of the microstructure.

[0004] Currently, most fast tool servo systems driven by voice coil motors use gas hydrostatic guides for guidance, with a stroke typically ranging from several millimeters to tens of millimeters. However, in ultra-precision freeform surface machining, the required stroke of a fast tool servo system is only tens to hundreds of micrometers; using gas hydrostatic guides would result in wasted stroke. Furthermore, the moving parts of gas hydrostatic guides have a large mass, making high-frequency motion difficult to achieve. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides an ultra-precision freeform surface servo-guided high-speed tool device. This servo-guided high-speed tool features a flexible hinge-guided structure, resulting in a small moving part mass and excellent dynamic performance. Driven by a voice coil motor and controlled by a linear grating ruler in a fully closed-loop manner, this servo-guided high-speed tool exhibits ultra-high precision, high response speed, high load capacity, high rigidity, low vibration, low noise, stable operation, and long service life.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] An ultra-precision freeform surface servo fast tool device includes:

[0008] The base plate and the bearing track are provided, with the rear end of the base plate fixed to the rear end of the bearing track by an elastic element, and the front end of the base plate being fastened to the bearing track by a connecting block.

[0009] The first drive mechanism and the base are both fixed on the base plate. The base is provided with flexible hinges at both ends of the first drive mechanism in the direction of travel. The flexible hinges are used to guide the first drive mechanism.

[0010] The servo-driven fast cutter assembly is connected to the rotor of the first drive mechanism and reciprocates under the drive of the rotor;

[0011] An air-blowing copper tube and a quick-connect air hose connector are respectively located at the front and rear ends of the base plate. The base plate has a ventilation channel for connecting the air-blowing copper tube and the quick-connect air hose connector. The gas blown out by the air-blowing copper tube acts on the back face of the cutting edge.

[0012] Preferably, the ultra-precision freeform surface servo fast tool device includes a tool holder connecting rod and a tool holder fixed on the tool holder connecting rod. The tool holder connecting rod is connected to the rotor of the first drive mechanism through a transition block. A tool holder is provided on the tool holder, and a cutting edge is provided on the tool holder.

[0013] Preferably, the ultra-precision freeform surface servo fast tool device further includes a grating ruler and a reading head. The grating ruler is fixed on the tool holder connecting rod, and the reading head is mounted on the base through a reading head fixing block.

[0014] Preferably, in the ultra-precision freeform surface servo fast tool device, the connecting block includes a T-block and an eccentric block. The T-block is fixed to the front end of the base plate, and an eccentric block is provided on each side of the T-block. The eccentric blocks are fixed on the bearing rail by short plug screws.

[0015] The ultra-precision free-form surface servo fast tool device according to said, preferably, further comprises a second driving mechanism installed at the rear end of said bearing rail, a push-pull rod is arranged in said bearing rail, the rear end of said push-pull rod is connected with the screw nut of said second driving mechanism, four bearings are installed at the front end of said push-pull rod, the two upper said bearings are in contact with the inclined surface below the base plate, and the two lower said bearings are in contact with the surface on said bearing rail.

[0016] The ultra-precision free-form surface servo fast tool device according to said, preferably, a push-pull rod photoelectric switch is further arranged on said bearing rail, which is used to help said second driving mechanism find the zero position.

[0017] The ultra-precision free-form surface servo fast tool device according to said, preferably, said base is in a "匚"-shaped structure, said flexible hinges are respectively installed at the front and rear ends of said base, and the side surface of said base is encapsulated by a pressing plate.

[0018] The ultra-precision free-form surface servo fast tool device according to said, preferably, said pressing plate is provided with a reading head routing groove for accommodating the routing of the reading head and a tool rest photoelectric switch, and said tool rest photoelectric switch is used to help said first driving mechanism find the zero position.

[0019] The ultra-precision free-form surface servo fast tool device according to said, preferably, the front end of said bearing rail and the front end of said base plate are further connected by an elastic assembly.

[0020] The ultra-precision free-form surface servo fast tool device according to said, preferably, said elastic assembly comprises a spring seat, a long socket head cap screw and a die spring, said die spring is sleeved on said long socket head cap screw, a cavity for accommodating said long socket head cap screw is arranged in said spring seat, said spring seat is fixed on said bearing rail, and said long socket head cap screw penetrates said bearing rail and is embedded in said base plate.

[0021] Due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0022] (1) The cooling system of the present invention not only solves the temperature rise problem of the voice coil motor caused by high-frequency movement, but also can ensure that each cooling hole accurately acts on the flank face of the cutting edge by adjusting the blowing angle of the blowing copper pipe. Compared with cooling only on the rake face, flank face cooling can increase the service life of the tool by 60%.

[0023] (2) The present invention adopts a flexible connection structure, in which the flexible hinge provides good angular stiffness, reduces the deformation of the fast tool caused by the workpiece force during the cutting process, and improves the machining accuracy; while the spring steel sheet not only balances the displacement change caused by the rise of the front end of the base plate with its own deformation characteristics, playing the role of flexible connection, reducing the impact of servo fast tool vibration, and further improving the system accuracy, but also the base plate and bearing track fixed by it make the tool rise when the push-pull rod moves backward and lower the tool when the push-pull rod moves forward, which can make the tool center height more accurate, while reducing the time cost of workers to adjust the tool center height and improving the part processing efficiency.

[0024] (3) The fixing mechanism with flexible hinge provided by the present invention guides the voice coil motor, enabling it to move only along the axial direction. The structure is compact, the moving parts have a small mass, and the system has good dynamic performance.

[0025] (4) By setting an eccentric block, the present invention adjusts and eliminates the possibility of the T-block swinging in the left and right directions, indirectly constrains the left and right sway of the base plate, improves the stability of the system, and reduces the impact of vibration. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a servo-driven high-speed cutting device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 The right-hand view is of the servo-guided high-speed tool device provided in this embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the servo-driven high-speed cutting device provided in this embodiment of the present invention from another angle;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a top view of the servo-guided high-speed tool device provided in this embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view (air circuit diagram) of the servo fast tool device provided in this embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the servo-guided high-speed tool device provided in this embodiment of the present invention with protective measures attached;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a diagram of the stepper motor drive component in the servo fast tool device provided in this embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the base in the servo-driven high-speed tool device provided in this embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the base plate in the servo-driven high-speed cutting device provided in this embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0036] 1-Bearing rail, 2-Base plate, 3-Base, 4-Voice coil motor rotor, 5-Voice coil motor stator, 6-Motor fixing block, 7-Spring steel sheet, 8-Stepper motor fixing block, 9-Ball screw stepper motor, 10-Quick-connect air pipe connector, 11-Pressure plate, 12-Flexible hinge pressure block, 13-Flexible hinge, 14-Tool holder, 15-Tool insert, 16-Tool handle, 17-Eccentric block, 18-Short plug screw, 19-T-block, 20-Blowing copper pipe, 21-Tool holder photoelectric switch, 22-Push-pull rod photoelectric switch, 23-Push-pull rod, 24-Bearing, 25-Long plug screw, 26-Mold spring, 27-Spring seat, 28-Grammeter ruler, 29-Reading head, 30-Reading head fixing block, 31-Tool holder connecting rod, 32-Transition block. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0038] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0039] For ease of description, spatial relative terms may be used in the text to describe the relationship of one element or feature relative to another element or feature as shown in the figure. These relative terms include, for example, "inside," "outside," "middle," "outer," "below," "above," etc. Such spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation, other than those depicted in the figure.

[0040] To address the shortcomings of existing servo fast tools, improve accuracy, and reduce vibration, there is an urgent need to design a low-vibration, high-precision servo fast tool to meet the requirements of existing precision and ultra-precision CNC machine tools. This would enable the servo fast tool to achieve ultra-high precision, high response speed, high load capacity, high rigidity, low vibration, low noise, stable operation, and long service life.

[0041] Based on the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides an ultra-precision freeform surface servo fast tool device. The servo fast tool device is directly driven by a voice coil motor and controlled by a linear grating ruler in a fully closed loop. The servo turntable has the characteristics of ultra-high precision, high response speed, high load, high rigidity, low vibration, low noise, stable operation, and long service life.

[0042] In this invention, the front end refers to the end in the direction of the servo cutter's movement, and the opposite direction is the rear end.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, the ultra-precision freeform surface servo fast tool device involved in this invention includes: a base plate 2 and a bearing rail 1. The rear end of the base plate 2 is fixed to the rear end of the bearing rail 1 by an elastic element, and the front end of the base plate 2 is fastened to the bearing rail 1 by a connecting block; a first drive mechanism and a base 3, both of which are fixed on the base plate 2. The base 3 is provided with flexible hinges 13 at both ends of the first drive mechanism in the direction of travel. The flexible hinges 13 are used to guide the first drive mechanism; a servo fast tool assembly is connected to the rotor of the first drive mechanism and performs reciprocating motion under the drive of the rotor; an air blowing copper pipe 20 and a quick-connect air pipe connector 10 are respectively provided at the front end and rear end of the base plate 2. The base plate 2 is provided with a ventilation channel for connecting the air blowing copper pipe 20 and the quick-connect air pipe connector 10. The cooling gas blown out by the air blowing copper pipe 20 acts on the cutting edge back face.

[0044] Specifically, the present invention uses two sets of spring steel plates 7 as servo fast cutters guided by flexible hinges 13, which can achieve a 5mm motion stroke, meeting most machining requirements. In addition, the fast cutter guided by flexible hinges 13 has a compact structure, small mass of moving parts, and good dynamic performance of the system.

[0045] Furthermore, three quick-connect air pipe connectors 10 are installed at the rear end of the base plate 2. The filtered gas is cooled to the tool through the quick-connect air pipe connectors 10, the ventilation channels inside the base plate 2, and the three air blowing copper pipes 20 at the front end. By adjusting the blowing angle of the air blowing copper pipes 20, it can be ensured that each cooling hole accurately acts on the flank face of the cutting edge. Compared with cooling only on the rake face, flank face cooling can increase the tool life by 60%.

[0046] Furthermore, such as Figure 1As shown, the base plate 2 is fixed to the rear end of the bearing rail 1 by spring steel sheets 7 on both the left and right sides of the rear end. The spring steel sheets 7 use their own deformation characteristics to balance the displacement changes caused by the rise of the front end of the base plate 2, thus playing a role in flexible connection. The front end of the base plate 2 is fastened to the bearing rail 1 by a connecting block. Specifically, the connecting block includes a T-shaped block 19 and an eccentric block 17. The T-shaped block 19 is fixed to the front end of the base plate 2, and an eccentric block 17 is provided on each side of the T-shaped block 19. The eccentric blocks 17 are fixed to the bearing rail 1 by short plug screws 18. This invention cleverly eliminates the possibility of the T-shaped block 19 swinging left and right by adjusting the eccentric blocks 17, indirectly constraining the left and right sway of the base plate 2.

[0047] like Figure 1 , 3 As shown in Figures 4 and 9, the first driving mechanism is a voice coil motor, which is fixed to the base plate 2 by a motor mounting block 6. The motor mounting block 6 has a vent hole and a quick-connect air pipe connector 10, solving the temperature rise problem caused by the high-frequency movement of the voice coil motor. The voice coil motor includes a voice coil motor stator 5 and a voice coil motor rotor 4. The voice coil motor stator 5 is fixed to the motor mounting block 6 and is sleeved on the outside of the voice coil motor rotor 4. The voice coil motor is fixed to the motor mounting block 6, and both the motor mounting block 6 and the base 3 are fixed to the base plate 2. The base plate 2 is fixed to the tail of the bearing rail 1 by spring steel plates 7 on both sides of the tail. The spring steel plates 7 use their own deformation characteristics to balance the displacement changes caused by the rise of the front end of the base plate 2, playing a flexible connection role.

[0048] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 5, the servo fast tool assembly includes a tool holder connecting rod 31 and a tool holder 14 fixed on the tool holder connecting rod 31. The tool holder connecting rod 31 is connected to the rotor of the first drive mechanism through a transition block 32. A tool holder 16 is provided on the tool holder 14, and a tool insert 15 is provided on the tool holder 16.

[0049] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, the servo fast tool assembly also includes a grating ruler 28 and a reading head 29. The grating ruler 28 is fixed on the tool holder connecting rod 31, and the reading head 29 is mounted on the base 3 through the reading head fixing block 30.

[0050] In the actual working process, after the voice coil motor is energized, the current causes the rotor 4 of the voice coil motor to move back and forth. The rotor 4 of the voice coil motor drives the transition block 32, the tool post connecting rod 31, the two sets of flexible hinges (spring steel sheets 7) 13 at both ends of the tool post connecting rod 31, the tool post 14, the tool holder 16 and the cutting insert 15 to reciprocate. The grating ruler 28 is fixed on the tool post connecting rod 31 and moves synchronously therewith. The reading head 29 is mounted on the base 3 through a reading head fixing block 30. The distance control driven by the voice coil motor and the position feedback of the grating ruler 28 form a full closed-loop control for the servo fast tool, achieving high precision. The voice coil motor direct-drive fast tool servo has small volume and no hysteresis, and meets the characteristics of fast response speed, high acceleration, wide frequency response range, high load and easy control.

[0051] Further, as shown in Figure 1 , 5 , 8, the base 3 is in a "匸"-shaped structure, the flexible hinges 13 are respectively mounted on the front and rear ends of the base 3, and the side surface of the base 3 is sealed by a pressure plate 11.

[0052] As a fixing mechanism for high-speed and high-precision displacement output, the base 3 is mounted with the pressure plates 11 to form a quadrilateral structure. A conventional base is assembled and combined by four pressure plates 11, but in order to improve rigidity, the upper, lower and left pressure plates 11 are specifically integrated into one base. Two sets of flexible hinges 13 (spring steel sheets 7) are respectively mounted on the front and rear ends of the base 3 and fixed by flexible hinge pressing blocks 12, so as to realize the guiding of the voice coil motor and enable it to move only along the axial direction. The structure is compact, the mass of the moving part is small, and the dynamic performance of the system is good. Meanwhile, two sets of flexible hinges 13 with a long distance between each other can provide good angular stiffness, reduce the deformation of the fast tool caused by the force from the workpiece during cutting, and improve the processing accuracy. In addition, a reading head wiring groove is specially designed on the pressure plate 11, which protects the wiring and makes the fast tool device简洁 and beautiful after the protective cover is installed. A tool post photoelectric switch 21 is mounted on the pressure plate 11 to help the mover 4 of the voice coil motor find the zero position.

[0053] Wherein, a motor cooling hole is provided on the flexible hinge pressing block 12 for cooling the voice coil motor.

[0054] As shown in Figure 1 , 6 , 7, the ultra-precision free-form surface servo fast tool device of the present invention further comprises a second driving mechanism mounted at the rear end of the bearing rail 1, a push-pull rod 23 is provided in the bearing rail 1, the rear end of the push-pull rod 23 is connected with a screw nut of the second driving mechanism, 4 bearings 24 are mounted at the front end of the push-pull rod 23, the upper two bearings 24 are in contact with the inclined surface below the bottom plate 2, and the lower two bearings 24 are in contact with the surface on the bearing rail 1.

[0055] Specifically, the second drive mechanism is a ball screw stepper motor 9, which is connected to the stepper motor fixing block 8 and installed at the rear end of the bearing rail 1. The push-pull rod photoelectric switch 22 is installed in the middle and rear part of the bearing rail 1 to help the ball screw stepper motor 9 find the zero position. The rear end of the push-pull rod 23 is connected to the screw nut, and four bearings 24 are installed at the front end of the push-pull rod 23. The upper two bearings are in contact with the inclined surface below the base plate 2, and the lower two are in contact with the upper surface of the bearing rail 1. In addition to supporting the bearings, the four bearings 24 can also slide back and forth on the bearing rail 1 through the push-pull rod 23 driven by the motor. Because the rear end of the base plate 2 and the bearing rail 1 is fixed with spring steel plates 7, the tool rises when the push-pull rod 23 moves backward and lowers when the push-pull rod 23 moves forward. Through system control, the tool center height can be made more precise, while reducing the time cost for workers to adjust the tool center height and improving the efficiency of parts processing.

[0056] like Figure 5 As shown, the front end of the bearing track 1 and the front end of the base plate 2 are also connected by an elastic component. Specifically, the elastic component includes a spring seat 27, a long plug screw 25, and a mold spring 26. The mold spring 26 is sleeved on the long plug screw 25. The spring seat 27 has a cavity to accommodate the long plug screw 25. The spring seat 27 is fixed on the bearing track 1, and the long plug screw 25 passes through the bearing track 1 and is embedded in the base plate 2.

[0057] The ultra-precision freeform surface servo fast tool device of this invention has a simple external structure, with a length, width, and height of only 250x95x145 mm. Its compact design saves valuable tool space, and it is simple and convenient to use. The moving parts are anodized in silver-white, giving them a bright and beautiful appearance and providing a visually pleasing experience for the operator. Figure 1 , 6 As shown.

[0058] The ultra-precision freeform surface servo fast tool device of the present invention can solve the defects of vibration of existing servo fast tools, improve the accuracy of servo fast tools, reduce vibration, meet the needs of existing precision and ultra-precision CNC machine tools, and enable the servo rotary table to achieve ultra-high precision, high response speed, high load, high rigidity, low vibration, low noise, stable operation and long service life. It can be widely used in ultra-precision CNC machine tools, such as lathes and five-axis machine tools.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision freeform surface servo fast tool device, characterized in that, Comprising: a bottom plate (2) and a bearing rail (1), wherein the rear end of the bottom plate (2) is fixed to the rear end of the bearing rail (1) via an elastic member, and the front end of the bottom plate (2) is fastened and connected to the bearing rail (1) via a connecting block; a first driving mechanism and a base (3), both of which are fixed on the bottom plate (2), flexible hinges (13) are arranged at the front and rear ends of the base (3) in the traveling direction of the first driving mechanism, and the flexible hinges (13) are configured to guide the first driving mechanism; a servo fast tool assembly connected to a rotor of the first driving mechanism, which performs reciprocating motion driven by the rotor; a air blowing copper pipe (20) and a quick-insert air pipe connector (10) respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the bottom plate (2), a vent channel is arranged in the bottom plate (2) for connecting the air blowing copper pipe (20) and the quick-insert air pipe connector (10), and the cooling gas blown out from the air blowing copper pipe (20) acts on the flank face of the cutting edge, wherein the connecting block comprises a T-shaped block (19) and eccentric blocks (17), the T-shaped block (19) is fixed at the front end of the bottom plate (2), one said eccentric block (17) is arranged on each of two sides of the T-shaped block (19), and the eccentric block (17) is fixed on the bearing rail (1) by a short socket head cap screw (18).

2. The ultra-precision freeform surface servo fast tool device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the servo fast tool assembly comprises a tool holder connecting rod (31) and a tool holder (14) fixed on the tool holder connecting rod (31), the tool holder connecting rod (31) is connected with the rotor of the first driving mechanism via a transition block (32), a tool shank (16) is arranged on the tool holder (14), and a cutting insert (15) is arranged on the tool shank (16).

3. The ultra-precision freeform surface servo fast tool device according to claim 2, characterized in that, the servo fast tool assembly further comprises a grating ruler (28) and a reading head (29), the grating ruler (28) is fixed on the tool holder connecting rod (31), and the reading head (29) is mounted on the base (3) via a reading head fixing block (30).

4. The ultra-precision freeform surface servo fast tool device according to claim 1, characterized in that, further comprising a second driving mechanism mounted at the rear end of the bearing rail (1), a push-pull rod (23) is arranged in the bearing rail (1), the rear end of the push-pull rod (23) is connected with a screw nut of the second driving mechanism, at least four bearings (24) are mounted at the front end of the push-pull rod (23), the upper two bearings (24) are in contact with an inclined surface below the bottom plate (2), and the lower two bearings (24) are in contact with the surface of the bearing rail (1).

5. The ultra-precision freeform surface servo fast tool device according to claim 4, characterized in that, a push-pull rod photoelectric switch (22) is further arranged on the bearing rail (1), which is configured to help the second driving mechanism find the zero position.

6. The ultra-precision freeform surface servo fast tool device according to claim 3, characterized in that, the base (3) is of a "匚"-shaped structure, the flexible hinges (13) are respectively mounted at the front and rear ends of the base (3), and the side surface of the base (3) is packaged by a pressure plate (11).

7. The ultra-precision freeform surface servo fast tool device according to claim 6, characterized in that, the pressure plate (11) is provided with a reading head wiring groove for accommodating wiring of the reading head (29) and a tool holder photoelectric switch (21), and the tool holder photoelectric switch (21) is configured to help the first driving mechanism find the zero position.

8. The ultra-precision freeform surface servo fast tool device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front end of the bearing track (1) and the front end of the base plate (2) are also connected by an elastic component.

9. The ultra-precision freeform surface servo fast tool device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The elastic component includes a spring seat (27), a long plug screw (25), and a mold spring (26). The mold spring (26) is sleeved on the long plug screw (25). The spring seat (27) has a cavity to accommodate the long plug screw (25). The spring seat (27) is fixed on the bearing rail (1). The long plug screw (25) passes through the bearing rail (1) and is embedded in the base plate (2).

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