Filter arrangement for liquid and method of use

Abstract

A filter cartridge has a media configuration, a housing, and a first end configuration. The first end configuration includes an outer radial wall having circumferentially spaced connection sections; each connection section has a plurality of helical profiles extending at a helical angle. The filter cartridge is removably attached to a filter head having mating connection sections. A filter bowl cartridge assembly is also provided. The filter bowl cartridge assembly includes a connection section having a plurality of helical profiles.

Description

This application was filed on October 29, 2020 as a PCT international application and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 62 / 927,971 filed on October 30, 2019, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a liquid filter arrangement that can be used, for example, to filter hydraulic fluids and lubrication fluids. A filter head is described on which a serviceable filter element arrangement is positioned in use. Methods of assembly and use are also provided. Background Art

[0002] Circulating liquid systems, such as hydraulic fluids and lubrication fluids, typically require filter arrangements. The filter arrangements are typically positioned so that the fluid is filtered by passing through a filter medium located within the filter arrangement. Typically, the filter arrangements are configured so that the components containing the medium are service parts, i.e., the medium can be periodically removed and replaced.

[0003] There are two common types of liquid filter arrangements. The first, typically referred to herein as a "spin-on" type, includes a filter head mounted on the device and a spin-on filter member or filter cartridge. The filter member or filter cartridge is often referred to as "spin-on" because the assembly including the filter media is typically secured to the filter head by threads. In a spin-on arrangement, the filter media is typically non-removably secured within a shell or housing as a housing / media combination, and the entire housing / media combination as the filter member or filter cartridge is removed and replaced during maintenance.

[0004] The second common type of liquid filter arrangement is referred to herein as a filter cup / filter cartridge arrangement. With the filter cup / filter cartridge arrangement, the filter head is again mounted on the device. However, the filter media is contained within the filter cartridge in a form that is removably positioned within a housing or shell. The housing / filter cartridge combination is again mounted on the filter head for use. However, during maintenance, the housing is disconnected from the filter head, the media contained within the housing or shell is replaced, and the same housing or shell with the replacement media inside is then reinstalled on the filter head.

[0005] A well-functioning filter arrangement is important for protecting downstream equipment, such as engines or hydraulic machinery. Improvements in filter arrangements are always desirable. Summary of the invention

[0006] In one aspect, a filter cartridge includes: (a) a treatment media construction having a first end and an opposite second end; (b) a first end construction adjacent to the first end of the media construction; wherein the first end construction includes an outer radial wall and an axial wall;

[0007] (i) an axial wall covering a first end of the media construction; (ii) an outer radial wall having a plurality of connected sections alternating with non-connected sections; (c) a filter housing having a surrounding wall defining an exterior, an interior, a bottom, and opposing mouths;

[0008] (i) the filter housing is secured to the outer radial wall at the mouth; and (ii) the media construction is positioned within the interior and spaced from the surrounding wall.

[0009] In various examples: the outer radial wall may overlap a portion of the media construction; or the non-connected sections are smooth; or the treatment media construction includes pleated media arranged in a tubular shape with an open interior volume; or the bottom of the filter housing is closed; or each of the non-connected sections are equally spaced from each other; or

[0010] Further includes a sealing member that is fixed to the outside of the filter housing; or the connecting section of the outer radial wall is outside the filter housing; or the connecting section of the outer radial wall is along the outer outer part of the outer radial wall; or the connecting section of the outer radial wall is along the inner part of the outer radial wall; or each connecting section has a plurality of spiral profiles extending at a helical angle; or each of the spiral profiles within each connecting section has a cross-sectional shape different from at least one other spiral profile within the corresponding connecting section.

[0011] In different examples: within each connecting segment, each of the spiral profiles is axially separated from an adjacent spiral profile, and the axial spacing between at least one spiral profile and another spiral profile is different from the remaining axial spacing; or each connecting segment is the same as the other connecting segments; or each connecting segment has at least 4 spiral profiles; or there are at least 3 connecting segments; or further includes a radially protruding stop member extending from the outer radial wall at the terminal end of the spiral profile of at least one of the connecting segments; or further includes at least one spring-loaded detent, which extends axially outward from the axial wall of the first end structure; or there are multiple spring-loaded detents, which extend axially outward from the axial wall of the first end structure; or each spring-loaded detent includes a leaf spring attached to the axial wall of the first end structure.

[0012] In different examples: the first end construction is part of a first end cap, and the first end cap is fixed to the first end of the media construction; or further includes a second end cap, and the second end cap is fixed to the second end of the media construction.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment, (a) the outer radial wall of the first end structure includes a sealing member seat having a pair of flanges extending radially outward with a wall segment therebetween; (b) the shell is attached to the outer radial wall by folding over at least a first of the flanges and covering the wall segment; and (c) the sealing member is oriented radially outward in the sealing member seat and against the shell.

[0014] In different examples, the first end structure includes an orifice connected to the open internal volume; or further includes a sealing member oriented in the orifice of the first end structure; or the sealing member is a grommet; or a portion of the outer radial wall is axially spaced from the axial wall to define a plurality of circumferentially spaced gaps, which define a fluid flow path; or the outer radial wall includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced connection sections alternating with the gaps; or the outer radial wall has a continuous ring at the distal end from the axial wall; the continuous ring retains the sealing member thereon; or each of the non-connected sections is separated from each other; or the filter housing is irremovably fixed to the outer radial wall at the mouth.

[0015] In another aspect, a filter element includes: (a) a treatment media structure having a first end and an opposite second end; (b) a first end structure adjacent to the first end of the media structure; (c) wherein the first end structure includes an outer radial wall and an axial wall; (i) the axial wall covers the first end of the media structure; (ii) the outer radial wall has a plurality of circumferentially spaced connecting segments; each connecting segment has a plurality of spiral profiles extending at a spiral angle; (iii) each of the spiral profiles within each connecting segment has a cross-sectional shape that is different from at least one other spiral profile within the corresponding connecting segment; (d) a filter housing having a surrounding wall defining an exterior, an interior, a bottom, and opposite orifices; (i) the filter housing is secured to the outer radial wall at the orifice; and (ii) the media structure is positioned within the interior and spaced from the surrounding wall.

[0016] In an example embodiment, within each connecting section, each of the helical profiles is axially spaced from an adjacent helical profile, and the axial spacing between at least one helical profile and another helical profile is different than the remaining axial spacing.

[0017] In another aspect, a filter element includes: (a) a treatment media structure having a first end and an opposite second end; (b) a first end structure adjacent to the first end of the media structure; (c) wherein the first end structure includes an outer radial wall and an axial wall; (i) the axial wall covers the first end of the media structure; (ii) the outer radial wall has a plurality of circumferentially spaced connecting segments; each connecting segment has a plurality of spiral profiles extending at a spiral angle; (iii) within each connecting segment, each of the spiral profiles is axially spaced from an adjacent spiral profile, and the axial spacing between at least one spiral profile and another spiral profile is different from the remaining axial spacing; and (d) a filter housing having a surrounding wall defining an exterior, an interior, a bottom, and opposite orifices; (i) the filter housing is secured to the outer radial wall at the orifice; and (ii) the media structure is positioned within the interior and spaced from the surrounding wall.

[0018] In different examples: the connection section is separated by multiple non-connected sections on the outer radial wall, which are separated from each other; or the outer radial wall overlaps with a portion of the media construction; or the treatment media construction includes a pleated media arranged in a tubular shape with an open internal volume; or the bottom of the filter housing is closed; or each of the non-connected sections is equally separated from each other; or further includes a sealing member fixed to the outside of the filter housing; or the connection section of the outer radial wall is outside the filter housing; or the connection section of the outer radial wall is an outer portion along the outer side of the outer radial wall; or the connection section of the outer radial wall is an inner portion along the outer radial wall; or each connection section is the same as other connection sections; or each connection section has at least 4 spiral profiles; or there are at least 3 connection sections; or further includes a radially protruding stop member extending from the outer radial wall at the terminal end of the spiral profile of at least one of the connection sections.

[0019] In different examples: further including at least one spring-loaded tenon extending axially outward from the axial wall of the first end structure; or there are multiple spring-loaded tenons extending axially outward from the axial wall of the first end structure; or each spring-loaded tenon includes a leaf spring attached to the axial wall of the first end structure; or the first end structure is part of a first end cap and is fixed to the first end of the media structure; or further includes a second end cap fixed to the second end of the media structure.

[0020] In some examples, (a) the outer radial wall of the first end structure includes a sealing member seat having a pair of flanges extending radially outward with a wall segment therebetween; (b) the shell is attached to the outer radial wall by folding over and covering the wall segment over at least a first of the flanges; and (c) the sealing member is oriented radially outward in the sealing member seat and against the shell.

[0021] In different examples: the first end structure includes an orifice connected to the open internal volume; or further includes a sealing member oriented in the orifice of the first end structure; or the sealing member is a grommet; or a portion of the outer radial wall is axially spaced from the axial wall to define a plurality of circumferentially spaced gaps, which define a fluid flow path; or the outer radial wall includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced connection segments alternating with the gaps; or the outer radial wall has a continuous ring at the distal end from the axial wall; the continuous ring retains the sealing member thereon; or the filter housing is irremovably fixed to the outer radial wall at the mouth; or each of the spiral profiles within each connection segment has a cross-sectional shape that is different from at least one other spiral profile within the corresponding connection segment.

[0022] In another aspect, a filter assembly includes: (a) a filter cartridge as variously characterized above; and (b) a filter head removably attached to the filter cartridge and forming a seal with a sealing member of the filter cartridge.

[0023] In an example, a filter head includes: (a) an end wall (36); and (b) a circumferential strip extending axially from the end wall; the strip includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced connecting segments that are constructed and arranged to cooperate with a connecting segment of a filter cartridge.

[0024] In different examples: the plurality of circumferentially spaced connection segments are located on the inner radial surface of the strip; or the plurality of circumferentially spaced connection segments are located on the outer radial surface of the strip; or the end wall includes an inner surface surrounded by the strip; the inner surface of the end wall includes one or more recesses positioned to receive spring-loaded tenons.

[0025] In another aspect, a method for servicing a filter assembly includes a filter cartridge mounted on a filter head: (a) removing the filter cartridge from the filter head by rotating the filter cartridge relative to the head to disengage a connection segment on the filter cartridge from a connection segment on the head; (b) providing a new filter cartridge having alternating circumferentially spaced connection segments and non-connection segments; (c) installing the new filter cartridge on the head by axially pushing the new filter cartridge and rotating the new filter cartridge less than 90° to engage a connection segment of the new filter cartridge with a connection segment on the filter head; and (d) compressing a sealing member on the new filter cartridge while rotating to form a seal between and against the head and the new filter cartridge.

[0026] In an example: the step of providing a new filter cartridge includes providing a filter cartridge having smooth non-connected sections, each of the non-connected sections being equally spaced from one another; or the step of installing the new filter cartridge on the head includes rotating the new filter cartridge until a stop member engages to prevent further rotation.

[0027] In another aspect, a method for servicing a filter assembly includes a filter cartridge mounted on a filter head: (a) removing the filter cartridge from the filter head by rotating the filter cartridge relative to the head to disengage a connecting section on the filter cartridge from a connecting section on the head; (b) providing a new filter cartridge having a connecting section; each connecting section having a plurality of spiral profiles extending at a spiral angle; and each of the spiral profiles within each connecting section having a cross-sectional shape that is different from at least one other spiral profile within the corresponding connecting section; (c) installing the new filter cartridge on the head by axially pushing the new filter cartridge and rotating the new filter cartridge less than 90° to engage the connecting section of the new filter cartridge with the connecting section on the filter head; and (d) compressing a sealing member on the new filter cartridge while rotating to form a seal between and against the head and the new filter cartridge.

[0028] In another aspect, a method for servicing a filter assembly comprising a filter cartridge mounted on a filter head includes: (a) removing the filter cartridge from the filter head by rotating the filter cartridge relative to the head to disengage a connecting section on the filter cartridge from a connecting section on the head; (b) providing a new filter cartridge having a connecting section; each connecting section having a plurality of spiral profiles extending at a spiral angle; and within each connecting section, each of the spiral profiles is axially spaced from an adjacent spiral profile, and the axial spacing between at least one spiral profile and another spiral profile is different from the remaining axial spacing; (c) installing a new filter cartridge on the head by axially pushing the new filter cartridge and rotating the new filter cartridge less than 90° to engage the connecting section of the new filter cartridge with the connecting section on the filter head; and (d) compressing a sealing member on the new filter cartridge while rotating to form a seal between and against the head and the new filter cartridge.

[0029] In another aspect, a method for servicing a filter assembly includes: (a) removing the filter cartridge from the filter head by rotating the filter cartridge relative to the head to disengage a connection segment on the filter cartridge from a connection segment on the head; (b) providing a new filter cartridge having a connection segment; each connection segment having a plurality of spiral profiles extending at a spiral angle; and within each connection segment, a first spiral profile in the spiral profiles is different from at least one other spiral profile based on one or more of the following: profile shape, axial spacing, or axial depth; (c) installing the new filter cartridge on the head by axially pushing the new filter cartridge and rotating the new filter cartridge less than 90° to engage the connection segment of the new filter cartridge with the connection segment on the filter head; and (d) compressing a sealing member on the new filter cartridge while rotating to form a seal between and against the head and the new filter cartridge.

[0030] In different examples: the step of installing the new filter cartridge on the head includes rotating the new filter cartridge until a stop member engages to prevent further rotation; the rotating step includes rotating the new filter cartridge until a person performing the method detects a click; or the click is one or both of an audible click or a tactile click; or the step of rotating until the click is detected includes rotating until a tenon on the new filter cartridge is received within a tenon recess in the head; or the installing step includes aligning the outlet opening of the head with the grommet sealing member on the new filter cartridge; or the rotating step includes rotating the new filter cartridge until a stop member engages between the new filter cartridge and the head; or the step of providing the new filter cartridge includes providing a filter cartridge as variously characterized above.

[0031] In another aspect, a filter bowl filter element assembly includes: (a) a filter element having a media construction; and (b) a filter bowl having an outer radial wall and an interior volume; the filter element is removably mountable within the interior volume; the outer radial wall has a plurality of connected segments alternating with non-connected segments; (i) each connected segment has a plurality of spiral profiles extending at a spiral angle; and within each connected segment, a first spiral profile of the spiral profiles is different from at least one other spiral profile based on one or more of the following: profile shape, axial spacing, or axial depth.

[0032] In different examples: the non-connected sections are smooth; or the media construction includes pleated media arranged in a tubular shape with an open interior volume; or each of the non-connected sections are equally spaced from each other; or each connected section is identical to the other connected sections; or each connected section has at least 4 spiral profiles.

[0033] There are at least 3 connecting sections; or further includes a radially protruding stop member extending from the outer radial wall at the terminal end of the spiral profile of at least one of the connecting sections; or the filter element includes a first end structure having an axial wall covering the media structure.

[0034] In different examples: further including at least one spring-loaded tenon extending axially outward from the axial wall of the first end structure; or there are multiple spring-loaded tenons extending axially outward from the axial wall of the first end structure; or each spring-loaded tenon includes a leaf spring attached to the axial wall of the first end structure; or the first end structure is part of a first end cap, and the first end cap is fixed to the first end of the media structure; or further including a second end cap, which is fixed to the second end of the media structure; or a portion of the outer radial wall is radially spaced from the filter element to define a plurality of circumferentially spaced gaps, which define a fluid flow path.

[0035] In another aspect, a filter assembly includes: (a) a filter bowl cartridge assembly as variously characterized above; and (b) a filter head removably attached to the filter cartridge and forming a seal between the filter bowl cartridge assembly and the filter head with a sealing member.

[0036] In another aspect, a filter cartridge for use in a filter bowl cartridge assembly comprises: (a) a treatment media construction having a first end and an opposite second end; (b) a first end construction adjacent to the first end of the media construction; wherein the first end construction comprises an outer radial wall and an axial wall; the axial wall covering the first end of the media construction; (c) a first plurality of circumferentially spaced radial projections extending from the outer radial wall; (i) the first plurality of radial projections having a first longitudinal length, wherein terminal ends are sized to engage a rim of the filter bowl when the cartridge is inserted into the filter bowl; (ii) the first plurality of radial projections having at least one lateral portion oriented to circumferentially abut a portion of the filter bowl when the cartridge is inserted into the filter bowl;

[0037] (d) a second plurality of circumferentially spaced radial protrusions extending from the outer radial wall; (i) the second plurality of radial protrusions having a second longitudinal length that is shorter than the first longitudinal length; (ii) the second plurality of radial protrusions being oriented to assist in proper rotational positioning of the filter element within the filter bowl when the filter element is inserted into the filter bowl; and (e) at least one spring-loaded latch extending axially outward from the axial wall of the first end construction.

[0038] In examples: there are a plurality of spring-loaded latches extending axially outward from an axial wall of the first end construction; or each spring-loaded latch comprises a leaf spring attached to an axial wall of the first end construction; or the first end construction is part of a first end cap and the first end cap is secured to a first end of the media construction; or further comprises a second end cap secured to a second end of the media construction; or the process media construction comprises a pleated media arranged in a tubular shape having an open interior volume.

[0039] In another aspect, a filter bowl filter element assembly includes: (a) a filter element as variously characterized above; (b) a filter bowl having an outer radial wall and an interior volume; the filter element is removably mountable within the interior volume; the outer radial wall has a plurality of connected segments alternating with non-connected segments; (i) each connected segment has a plurality of spiral profiles extending at a spiral angle; and within each connected segment, a first spiral profile of the spiral profiles is different from at least one other spiral profile based on one or more of the following: profile shape, axial spacing, or axial depth.

[0040] In an example embodiment, the outer radial wall and the axial wall are integral.

[0041] According to the present disclosure, various features and techniques are provided that can be implemented in a liquid filter arrangement, such as a hydraulic filter arrangement or a lubricant (oil) filter arrangement. The selected techniques can preferably be applied to a spin-on filter arrangement.

[0042] The described techniques include features incorporated in one or both of a filter head and / or a filter member removably mounted on the filter head.

[0043] It is not required that all of the techniques described herein be incorporated into a given system in order for that system to achieve at least some advantage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a spin-on filter element constructed according to the principles of the present disclosure;

[0045] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a filter assembly including a Figure 1 filter element;

[0046] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A perspective view of a portion of a filter element with an outer shell removed;

[0047] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 3D exploded view of the filter element;

[0048] Figure 5 is Figure 1 A top plan view of a first end cap used in a filter element;

[0049] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 a perspective view of a first end cap;

[0050] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 and Figure 6 an enlarged dimensional view of a portion of a first end cap;

[0051] Figure 8 yes Figure 1 An enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of a filter element;

[0052] Fig. 9 is Figure 2 A bottom perspective view of a filter head used in a filter assembly of FIG.

[0053] Fig.10 yes Fig. 9 Another bottom perspective view of the filter head;

[0054] Fig.11 yes Fig. 9 and Fig.10 Another bottom perspective view of the filter head;

[0055] Fig.12 is a partial cross-sectional view of the filter assembly, depicting Figure 1 The filter element is removably attached to Figures 9 to 11 The filter head;

[0056] Fig.13 is an exploded perspective view of another embodiment of a filter assembly, the filter assembly being similar to Figure 2 The assembly of, except that the connection section of the filter head is along the outer radial surface of the filter head and the connection section of the filter element is along the inner wall of the filter element;

[0057] Fig.14 yes Fig.13 A schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a filter assembly showing the connection between a filter head and a filter element;

[0058] Fig.15 yes Fig.13 A schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a filter assembly showing a portion of an interface between a filter head and a filter element;

[0059] Fig.16 is a perspective view of a filter element constructed according to the principles of the present disclosure;

[0060] Fig.17 is with Fig.16 A perspective view of a filter cup for use with a filter element;

[0061] Fig.18 is shown in the installation Fig.17 The filter cup is in the Fig.16 A three-dimensional view of a filter element;

[0062] Fig.19 is shown fully installed in Fig.17 The filter bowl Fig.16 A three-dimensional view of a filter element;

[0063] Fig. 20 is similar to Figure 8 , showing an alternative embodiment of a portion of a filter cartridge for use herein; and

[0064] Fig.21 is similar to Figure 8 and Fig. 20 Another view of FIG. 1 shows another alternative embodiment of a portion of a filter cartridge for use herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] exist Figure 2 2, reference numeral 20 generally indicates a liquid filter assembly according to the present disclosure. The liquid filter assembly 20 includes a filter head 22 and a filter element 24. The filter head 22 is typically installed in a liquid line on a device, such as a hydraulic line or a lubricating fluid (oil) line. During maintenance, the filter head 22 will typically remain in place in the device.

[0066] On the other hand, the filter cartridge 24 is removably mounted on the filter head 22. Maintenance is provided by replacing the media contained in the filter cartridge 24. The filter cartridge 24 depicted herein is a spin-on type filter cartridge. Therefore, during maintenance, the entire filter cartridge 24, including both the media and the outer shell, is removed and discarded and replaced with a brand new filter cartridge 24.

[0067] exist Figure 2 In the cross-section of FIG. 2 , a central longitudinal axis 26 is depicted about which the filter assembly 20 is positioned. As used herein, the terms "axial," "axially," and variations thereof are generally intended to refer to features extending in the general direction of the axis 26. The terms "radial," "radially," and variations thereof are intended to refer to directions toward or away from the axis 26.

[0068] Still reference Figure 2 , the filter head 22 includes a liquid inlet 28 and a liquid outlet 30. During operation, the liquid to be filtered is introduced into the filter head 22 through the inlet 28. The liquid is then guided through the filter element 24 for filtration. The filtered liquid is then returned to the filter head 22 to exit through the outlet 30.

[0069] In a typical system, the filter head 22 comprises a cast metal part (eg, cast aluminum) having various features added thereto.

[0070] While many embodiments are possible, in the illustrated embodiment, the filter head 22 includes a flange 32 that may have bolt holes 34 , 35 for securing the filter at 22 to the device.

[0071] An end wall 36 is secured to the flange 32. The end wall 36 will typically include an inlet opening 38 in communication with the inlet 28 to allow liquid to flow from the filter head 22 into the filter cartridge 24. The end wall 36 will also have an outlet opening 40 to allow filtered liquid to flow from the filter cartridge 24 into the filter head 22, thereby allowing filtered liquid to exit through the main outlet 30.

[0072] A circumferential strip 42 extends axially from the end wall 36. The strip 42 has a surrounding wall 44 having an outer surface 46 and an opposing inner or inner radial surface 48. The inner radial surface 48 includes a system that allows for selective attachment and detachment between the filter head 22 and the filter cartridge 24, as will be discussed further below.

[0073] Filter element 24 Figure 2 The stereogram and Figure 2 2 is shown in cross section as connected to the filter head 22. The filter cartridge 24 includes a filter housing 50. The filter housing 50 includes an outer can or shell 52 having a surrounding wall 54. The surrounding wall 54 has an outer surface 56 and an opposite inner surface 58. There is a closed bottom 60 and an opposite mouth 62, which interfaces with the filter head 22.

[0074] The shell 52 may include a plurality of anti-skid dimples 53 spaced circumferentially around the shell 52 adjacent the mouth 62. The dimples 53 may facilitate the user's ability to exert a grip on the filter cartridge 24 when attaching or removing the filter cartridge 24 and the filter head 22.

[0075] Typically, the housing 52 includes metal components. The housing 50 defines an interior volume 64. A filter media construction 66 is positioned within the interior volume 64. The filter media construction 66 includes a filter media 68 that is extendedly positioned between a second (lower) end cap 70 and a first (upper) end construction 71. The end construction 71 is adjacent to the first end of the media construction 66 and may be a portion of a first end cap 72 that is fixed to the media construction 66. The media 68 may include a variety of materials selected for specific operations and conditions to be encountered. Typically, the filter media 68 will be provided in a pleated form, although alternatives are possible. A variety of types or shapes of media or media pleats may be used. For example, adhesive beads may help maintain media integrity and pleat spacing. In some alternative arrangements, if desired, the media 68 may be lined with a plastic or wire mesh screen.

[0076] The filter media construction 66 may be tubular in shape and is configured about and defines an open filter interior volume 74. Positioned within the open filter interior volume 74 is an internal media support 76 which, in this example, includes a porous liner extending along the media 68 between and secured to the end caps 70, 72.

[0077] Although alternatives are possible, in the example shown, the second end cap 70 is a closed end cap, meaning that it has a closed center to prohibit unfiltered liquid from passing therethrough. The tubular filter media construction 66 has a first end 80 secured to the first end cap 72 and an opposite second end 82 secured to the second end cap 70. The media 68 is secured to the second end cap 70 by various methods including adhesion or potting or by being molded in place on the media 68. A variety of materials may be used for the end cap 70, which may include metal or plastic.

[0078] On the other hand, the first end cap 72 is typically an open end cap to define a central flow orifice 84 therethrough. The orifice 84 is positioned to be in direct flow communication with the interior 74 of the media 68. As used herein, the term "direct flow communication" is intended to refer to a passage that allows flow communication with the interior 74 in a manner that does not require passage through the media 68. That is, liquid within the interior 74 can flow directly through the orifice 84 without simultaneously passing through the media 68. Of course, for an "outside-to-in" flow arrangement as described, the liquid will not reach the interior 74 unless it initially passes through the media 68 first.

[0079] As indicated, during filtration, the depicted filter element 24 is configured for outside-in flow. This means that unfiltered liquid is directed from the filter head 22 into the annular space 86 surrounding the media 68 and between the media and the inner surface 58 of the wall 54; then through the media 68, through the support 76 and into the interior 74. The filtered liquid is then directed upward through the central flow aperture 84 in the first end cap 72, back into the filter head 22 through the outlet opening 40, and then out through the discharge outlet 30.

[0080] It should be noted that many of the principles described herein can be used in conjunction with an “inside-out” flow arrangement in which the flow direction of the liquid being filtered is in the opposite direction, i.e., through the orifice 84, into the interior 76, through the media 68, into the annular space 86, and then back into the filter head 22.

[0081] Typically, a sealing arrangement is required between the filter cartridge 24 and the filter head 22 to prevent liquid flow from bypassing the media 68 when being directed through the filter cartridge 24. Such a sealing arrangement is provided by a sealing member 88 on the filter cartridge 24 to form a seal between and against the filter cartridge 24 and the filter head 22.

[0082] Turn your attention to Figures 3 to 7, wherein a first end configuration 71 is shown alone or in combination with other features. The first end configuration 71 includes an outer radial wall 90. The outer radial wall 90 extends from the first end 80 in a direction toward the second end 82 for at least a portion of the length of the filter media configuration 66. The outer radial wall 90 covers or overlaps a portion of the media configuration 66. While many examples are possible, in the example shown, the outer radial wall 90 overlaps less than 25% and more than 5% of the total length of the filter media configuration between the first end 80 and the second end 82.

[0083] exist Figure 8 , the outer radial wall 90 of the first end configuration 71 is shown in an enlarged manner. The outer radial wall 90 defines a sealing member seat 92 that holds the sealing member 88. In the example shown, the sealing member seat 92 has a pair of radially outwardly extending flanges 94, 95 with a wall section 96 therebetween. The sealing member 88 is positioned between the flanges 94, 95.

[0084] Still refer to Figure 8 , it can be seen how the housing 50 is attached to the first end structure 71. Although many different techniques are available, in the example shown, the housing 50 is attached to the outer radial wall 90. Specifically, the housing 50 is non-removably secured or fixed to the outer radial wall 90 by folding over at least a first of the flanges 95. The housing 50 can cover at least a portion of the wall segment 96 between the flanges 94, 95. In some embodiments, the housing 50 can also be folded over at least a portion of a second of the flanges 94 and completely cover the wall segment 96 at the fold 97. Figure 8 , the sealing member 88 is oriented radially outward in the sealing member seat 92 and against the housing 50. In the example shown, the housing 50 is sandwiched between the sealing member 88 and the wall section 96 of the outer radial wall 90 of the first end construction 71 and abuts against the sealing member and the wall section.

[0085] The first end construction 71 further includes an axial wall 100. The axial wall 100 covers the first end 80 of the media construction 66. Typically, the outer radial wall 90 extends at an angle of approximately 90° relative to the axial wall 100. The axial wall 100 defines a central flow aperture 84. The central flow aperture 84 may further receive a sealing member, such as a grommet sealing member 102, therein for connection with the filter head 22 (e.g., a portion of the filter head 22 that defines the outlet opening 40).

[0086] In the illustrated example embodiment, the first end configuration 71 includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced non-connected sections 107, shown in the illustrated figure as 107a, 107b, and 107c. The non-connected sections 107 are typically along the outer radial wall 90, either as a complete gap (no wall structure at all); or as a smooth section of the wall 90; or as a section of the wall 90 that does not interfere with the filter head 22 when the filter head 22 is attached to the filter element 24. In a preferred embodiment, the circumferential lengths of the non-connected sections 107 are equal and are equally spaced from each other. In this case, when there are three non-connected sections 107a, 107b, and 107c, they are separated from each other by 60°.

[0087] According to the principles of the present disclosure, the filter cartridge 24 includes a system that allows the cartridge 24 to be installed to the filter head 22 with low friction, including simply inserting the cartridge and rotating it less than one full turn. In this embodiment, the system includes a connection system 104. The connection system 104 will allow the cartridge 24 to be inserted with low friction and rotated less than 180°, such as approximately 60°. The connection system 104 eliminates cross threads and lends itself to having a connector that is dedicated to a specific customer.

[0088] In the illustrated example embodiment, the connection system 104 includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced connection segments, illustrated herein as 106, 108, and 110. Each connection segment 106, 108, 110 includes a plurality of helical profiles 112, 113. There may be at least two helical profiles 112, 113 and more than two helical profiles, such as three helical profiles 112, 113, 114. In the illustrated example, there are four helical profiles 112, 113, 114, 115 ( Figure 8 ).

[0089] Each of the helical profiles 112, 113, 114, 115 extends circumferentially along and protrudes from the outer radial wall 90. A "helical profile" refers to a geometric contour line along the outermost boundary that, if continued, would have a general helical shape. A helical profile is not a thread. In a helical profile, a plane perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis will pass through more than one profile, whereas in a thread, a plane perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis will pass through only one thread profile.

[0090] refer to Figure 8 In the embodiment shown, there are four spiral profiles 112, 113, 114, 115. Figure 7 As can be seen in FIG. 1 , the helical profiles 112 to 115 extend at a helix angle 116. The term “helix angle” refers to the angle of each of the helical profiles 112 to 115 relative to a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 26. Figure 7In the embodiment of the present invention, the helix angle is indicated by reference numeral 116. Each of the helical profiles 112 to 115 preferably has the same helix angle 116, although in other embodiments the helix angle 116 may be different for each helical profile 112 to 115.

[0091] exist Fig.12 118c shows the amount of seal compression affected by the helix angle 116.

[0092] Each of the helical profiles 112 to 115 is axially spaced from the adjacent helical profiles 112 to 115. "Axial spacing" refers to the spacing between the bearing surfaces of each of the profiles 112 to 115. The "bearing" surface is the surface that will bear against the threads of the filter head when connected. In this embodiment, the bearing surfaces are Fig. 20 The axial spacing between each individual spiral profile 112 to 115 may be the same or may be different. In the embodiment shown, the spacing is different. For example, Figure 8 and Fig. 20 The axial distance between connecting sections 112 and 113 is shown by D1; the distance between connecting sections 113 and 114 is shown by D2; and the distance between connecting sections 114 and 115 is shown by D3. Although in some embodiments, each of D1, D2, and D3 can be equal, in many preferred embodiments, each of D1, D2, and D3 has a different value.

[0093] Each of the spiral profiles 112 to 115 has a cross-sectional shape. The cross-sectional shapes of each of the spiral profiles 112 to 115 may all be the same, or preferably, may be different from each other. Preferably, each of the spiral profiles 112, 115 within each connecting section 106, 108, 110 has a cross-sectional shape different from at least one other spiral profile 112 to 115 within the corresponding connecting section 106, 108, 110.

[0094] For example, in Figure 8 and Fig. 20, the uppermost spiral profile 112 has a trapezoidal shape in which one non-parallel side 112a is contained within a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 26, and the other non-parallel side 112b is angled relative to the same plane. The shape of the spiral profile 113 is shown as a rectangle, which can be a square. The spiral profile 114 is shown as a trapezoid in which two non-parallel sides are angled relative to a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 26. The cross-section of the spiral profile 115 is shown as circular. These are just examples, and it should be understood that there are many, many different shapes and combinations that can be used. In fact, each customer of these filter elements 24 can request their own specific "code" for the spiral profile.

[0095] Fig.21 Alternative helical profile combinations are shown, including profiles with different axial depths of the load-bearing surface. Fig.21 In the example of , there are three spiral profiles 312, 313, 314, which differ in: shape, axial spacing and load-bearing depth. All three spiral profiles 312, 313, 314 are trapezoidal, but the shapes of the trapezoids are different from each other. The axial spacing between profiles 312a and 313a is shown by D1, and the axial spacing between profiles 313a and 314a is shown by D2. D1 and D2 are different, where D1 is greater than D2. The axial depths are shown by H1, H2 and H3. They are measured from the base of each axial load-bearing surface 312a, 313a, 314a and the terminal (free) end of each spiral profile 312, 313, 314. In this example embodiment, the axial depths H1, H2, H3 are different from each other.

[0096] review Figure 8 , Fig. 20 and Fig.21 It should be understood that when selecting a combination of spiral profiles, at least one (or more) of the spiral profiles may differ from at least one other spiral profile in at least one of the following aspects: profile shape, axial spacing and / or axial depth, and / or any combination of these characteristics.

[0097] Preferably, each connection section 106, 108, 110 is identical to the other connection sections 106, 108, 110. This means that when installing the filter cartridge 24 on the filter head 22, the user does not have to worry about matching the correct connection section 106, 108, 110 with the specific receiving connection section on the filter head 22. The filter cartridge 24 is configured so that the filter housing 50 is non-removably secured to the outer radial wall 90 at the mouth 62, wherein the connection sections 106, 108, 110 of the outer radial wall 90 are outside the filter housing 50. In practice, the connection sections 106, 108, 110 will be located at the terminal end 98 ( Figure 8) axially upward.

[0098] Preferably, the outer radial wall 90 has a plurality of alternating circumferentially spaced connected segments 106, 108, 110 and smooth non-connected segments 107a, 107b, 107c. Although the connected segments 106, 108, 110 may be interrupted by short segments that do not form a connection with the filter head 22, typically, in preferred examples, the non-connected segment 107 will not have structure along the radial wall 90 that forms a connection or attachment with the filter head 22, although alternatives are possible. Any interruption in the connected segments 106, 108, 110 that does not form a connection with the filter head 22 is not considered to be within the definition of "non-connected segment".

[0099] Reference now Figures 9 to 11 , the filter head 22 is shown in further detail. The inner radial surface 48 of the filter head 22 includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced connecting sections 122, 124, 126 that are constructed and arranged to mate with the connecting sections 106, 108, 110 of the filter cartridge 24. Turning our attention to Fig.12 .exist Fig.12 106, 108, 110. In particular, each of the connecting segments 122, 124, 126 has a profile 128 that is a mirror image of the profile shape of the connecting segments 106, 108, 110. Thus, the profile 128 includes recesses having the same cross-sectional shape as the spiral profiles 112 to 115. For example, the profile 128 has an uppermost profile recess 130, whose shape matches the trapezoidal shape of the spiral profile 112. Similarly, the profile recess 131 has a rectangular shape that matches the cross-sectional shape of the spiral profile 113. The profile recess 132 has a trapezoidal shape that matches the shape of the spiral profile 114, while the profile recess 133 has a circular shape to receive the circular shape for receiving the circular spiral profile 115. Of course, as the cross-sectional shape of the spiral profiles 112 to 115 changes, the corresponding profile recesses 130 to 133 will also change.

[0100] like Figures 9 to 11 As can be seen in FIG. 4 , the connecting segments 122 , 124 , 126 are spaced circumferentially along the inner radial surface 48 and are separated by smooth, non-grooved portions 135 , 136 , 137 of the inner radial surface 48 .

[0101] Turn your attention to Figure 5 and Figure 6, which illustrate a preferred first end configuration 71. The first end configuration 71 is constructed and arranged to have an inlet arrangement 140. In the exemplary embodiment, the inlet arrangement 140 includes a plurality of fluid flow paths 142 in the first end configuration 71, which may be inlet openings 142. When the fluid to be filtered enters the filter assembly 20, it passes through the inlet 28, through the inlet opening 38 and into the filter head 22, where it exits the filter head 22 and enters the filter cartridge 24. The fluid to be filtered then enters the annular space 86 of the filter cartridge 24 by flowing through the inlet openings 142 in the first end configuration 71.

[0102] In this embodiment, the outer radial wall 90 of the first end construction 71 is spaced from and attached to the axial wall 100 to define a plurality of circumferentially spaced gaps 144 therebetween. The gaps 144 serve as inlet openings 142. In the depicted preferred embodiment, circumferentially spaced connected segments 106, 108, 110 alternate with open gaps 144 in the outer radial wall 90. The gaps 144 correspond to the non-connected segments 107. The outer radial wall 90 has a continuous wall ring 146 at a distal end 148 from the axial wall 100. The continuous ring 146 is continuous in that it surrounds and forms the entire outer periphery of the first end construction 71. The continuous ring 146 retains the sealing member 88 thereon.

[0103] In the illustrated embodiment, the gap 144 forming the inlet opening 142 is located between the ring 146 and the non-connected sections 107a, 107b, 107c.

[0104] The filter cartridge 24 may further include a stop member 150. The stop member 150 provides an engagement surface for a portion of the filter head 22 to abut or engage when the filter cartridge 24 is installed and secured to the filter head 22. The stop member 150 will provide feedback to the user that the filter cartridge 24 has been fully mated to the filter head 22, with the connection sections 106, 108, 110 mating with the connection sections 122, 124, 126. The engagement between the filter head 22 and the stop member 150 will prevent further rotation of the filter cartridge 24 relative to the filter head 22.

[0105] In the illustrated embodiment, the stop member 150 radially projects from the outer radial wall 90 of the first end configuration 71. In the illustrated example embodiment, the stop member 150 extends from the outer radial wall 90 at the terminal end of the helical profile 112 to 115 of at least one of the connecting sections 106, 108, 110. Figure 5 and Figure 7 In the example shown, there is only a single stop member 150 on the first end configuration 71. In some embodiments, the stop member 150 can extend from a terminal end of each of the connection sections 106, 108, 110.

[0106] In some variations, the spiral profiles 112-115 may include protruding ridges toward the end of the profiles that will engage just prior to full attachment between the filter head 22 and the filter cartridge 24. These ridges will require additional torque at the end of the attachment process between the connection sections 106, 108, 110 and the connection sections 122, 124, 126. These ridges will help prevent accidental disconnection between the filter head 22 and the filter cartridge 24 due to, for example, vibration.

[0107] According to the principles of the present disclosure, the filter cartridge 24 can further include at least one spring-loaded latch 160. The latch 160 extends axially outward from the axial wall 100 of the first end structure 71. In many preferred embodiments, and in the embodiment shown, there are multiple spring-loaded latches 160, 161, 162, each extending axially outward from the axial wall 100 of the first end structure 71. The spring-loaded latches 160, 161, 162 are circumferentially spaced from each other and radially outward of the central flow aperture 84, while being radially inward of the inlet opening 142.

[0108] Each spring-loaded tenon 160 , 161 , 162 comprises a spring, such as a leaf spring 171 , 172 , 173 attached to the axial wall 100 to allow elastic deflection of the tenon 160 , 161 , 162 in the axial direction.

[0109] The latches 160, 161, 162 are received by latch recesses 164, 165, 166 defined in the inner surface 176 of the end wall 36 of the filter head 22. The interaction between the latches 160-162 and the latch recesses 164-166 provides feedback, such as an audible "click" sound, to inform the user that the filter cartridge 24 has been properly installed on the filter head 22. The latches 160, 161, 162 also help prevent the filter cartridge 24 from backing off the filter head 22 due to vibrations during operation. In addition to being audible, this feedback can also be tactile, because the user can also feel when the latches 160-162 are recesses 164-166.

[0110] An alternative embodiment of the filter assembly 20 is Figures 13 to 1520'. The construction and features of assembly 20' are the same as those of assembly 20, and such description and features are not described here, but are incorporated herein by reference. The difference between assembly 20 and assembly 20' is that a plurality of circumferentially spaced connection segments 122' are located on an outer radial surface 200 of the strip 42' of the filter head 22', whereas the connection segment 106' of the filter element 24' is along an inner wall 202 of the end cap 72'. The end cap 72' has a surrounding wall 204 radially outward of the outer diameter of the filter medium 68'. The surrounding wall 204 includes an extension 206 that protrudes axially from the first end 80' of the medium 68' in a direction opposite to the medium 68'. The volume 208 within the extension 206 and between the end cap 72' and the terminal end 210 of the extension 206 is sized to receive the strip 42' of the filter head 22'.

[0111] exist Fig.14 and Fig.15 In the example shown, the canister 52 is attached to the end cap 72' by folding or curling the curling section 212 above the terminal end 210 of the end cap extension 206.

[0112] The axial wall 100' of the end cap 72' may include detents, such as 160', 162', protruding therefrom. The detents 160', 162' are received within detent recesses in the filter head 22', providing feedback in the form of an audible click or a tactile click feel.

[0113] Fig.14 and Fig.15 1 , a sealing member 102' can be seen for providing a seal between the unfiltered flow on the inlet side (dirty side) of the media 68' and the outlet side (clean side) of the media 68'. The sealing member 102' surrounds the outlet 84' of the filter element 24'. In the filter head 22', the unfiltered liquid flows to the filter element 24' through the unfiltered liquid port 220. After flowing through the media 68', the filtered liquid returns to the head 22' through the filtered liquid port 222.

[0114] An alternative embodiment of the filter bowl filter element assembly is Figures 16 to 19 402. The filter bowl cartridge assembly 402 includes a filter cartridge 404 and a filter bowl 406.

[0115] The filter cartridge 404 is insertable, removable and replaceable within the filter cup 406. The filter cup 406 is removably connected / attached to a filter head, such as Fig. 9 and Fig.10 The filter head 22 is provided. Fig.18Filter cartridge 404 is shown partially installed within interior 408 of filter bowl 406, and Fig.19 Filter cartridge 404 is shown fully installed and positioned within interior 408 of filter bowl 408 .

[0116] The filter element 404 can vary. In the example shown, the filter element 404 has a tubular (e.g., cylindrical) section of a pleated filter medium 410. A first end structure or end cap 412 and a second end structure or end cap 414 are located at opposite ends of the filter medium 410. The first end cap 412 is an open end cap having a through opening 416 that communicates with the interior of the pleated filter medium. The second end cap 414 can be open or closed. There can be a sealing member 417 surrounding the opening 416.

[0117] The first end cap 412 may include at least one, and in the example shown, a plurality of spring-loaded latches 420, 421, 422, each extending axially outward from the axial wall 419 of the first end cap 412. The spring-loaded latches 420, 421, 422 are similar to the latches 160, 161, 162, and the description of 160, 161, 162 applies to the latches 420, 421, 422 and is not repeated. The latches 420, 421, 422 are received by, for example, latch recesses 164, 165, 166 defined in the inner surface 176 of the end wall 36 of the filter head 22 to provide feedback, such as an audible "click", to inform the user that the filter cartridge 404 has been properly installed on the filter head 22, while also preventing the filter cartridge 404 from backing off the filter head 22 due to vibrations during operation. The feedback may be tactile in addition to being audible.

[0118] The first end cap 412 includes a first plurality of circumferentially spaced radial projections 430 extending radially from an outer periphery 413 of the first end cap 412. The first plurality of radial projections 430 have a first longitudinal length with terminal ends 431 sized to engage a rim 432 of the filter bowl 406 when the filter cartridge 404 is inserted into the filter bowl 406.

[0119] The first plurality of radial projections 430 have at least one lateral (or side) portion 433 that is oriented to circumferentially abut a portion of the filter bowl 406 when the filter element 404 is inserted into the filter bowl 406. Fig.18 and Fig.19As shown, the lateral portions 433 will circumferentially engage against the lateral edges 434 of the spaced apart connecting sections 446, 448 and 450 (described below), which helps to angularly locate or clock the spring-loaded latches 420, 421, 422 relative to the filter head 22. The radial protrusions 430 will also prevent the filter element 404 from rotating within the filter bowl 406 by engaging against the lateral edges 434 of the connecting sections 446, 448 and 450.

[0120] The first end cap 412 further includes a second plurality of circumferentially spaced radial protrusions 435 extending from the outer radial wall 413. The second plurality of radial protrusions 435 have a second longitudinal length that is shorter than the first longitudinal length of the first radial protrusions 430.

[0121] The second plurality of radial protrusions 435 are oriented to aid in proper rotational positioning of the filter cartridge 404 within the filter bowl 406 when the filter cartridge 404 is inserted into the filter bowl 406. The second radial protrusions 435 will interfere with the connecting sections 446, 448, and 450, thereby preventing the filter cartridge 404 from being inserted into the filter bowl 406 unless properly aligned with the filter bowl 406.

[0122] In accordance with the principles of the present disclosure, the filter bowl 406 includes an outer radial wall 407 to form a surrounding wall defining an interior volume 408 thereof. The filter bowl 406 has a system that allows the filter bowl cartridge assembly 402 to be mounted to the filter head 22 with low friction, including simply inserting and rotating the assembly 402 less than one full turn. In this embodiment, the system includes a connection system 440, which is similar to the system 104 described above and is not repeated here. The connection system 440 operates similarly to the system 104 and allows for low friction insertion and rotation of the assembly 402 of less than 180° (e.g., approximately 60°). The connection system 440 eliminates cross threads and lends itself to having a connector that is dedicated to a particular customer. The connection system 440 is implemented on the outer radial wall 407.

[0123] The connection system 440 includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced connection segments, shown herein as 446, 448, and 450, which are similar to the connection segments 106, 108, 110, and have a plurality of spiral profiles 452, 453, 454 similar to the spiral profiles 112, 113, 114. The spiral profiles 452, 453, 454 may have the same shape as described above in conjunction with Figure 8 , Fig. 20 and Fig.21 The various features described, which description is incorporated herein by reference, are not repeated here.

[0124] When the filter element 404 is installed in the filter cup 406, flow gaps 462, 464 are created between the filter element 404 and the filter cup 406. The flow gaps 462, 464 are also circumferentially located between adjacent connection sections 446, 448, 450. When fixed to the filter head 22, the flow gaps 462, 464 can be flow channels for the inlet fluid flow to be filtered. The fluid to be filtered flows from the filter head 22 into the filter assembly 402 and into the flow gaps 462, 464. It then flows radially through the filter medium 410 (removing impurities from the fluid) into the interior of the filter. From the interior of the filter, it leaves the filter assembly 402 by flowing through the opening 416 in the first end cap 412 and back into the filter head 22. After a period of use, the filter element 404 can be removed from the filter cup 406 and replaced with a new filter element 404. As described above with respect to system 104 , filter bowl 406 is mounted on filter head 22 via engagement of connection system 440 .

[0125] The filter bowl cartridge assembly 402 may be used with a filter head, such as filter head 22, to form a filter assembly.

[0126] Using the above principles, a method of servicing the filter assembly 20 can be practiced. After a period of operation, the filter cartridge 24 will need to be serviced by replacing the filter cartridge 24 due to clogging of the filter medium 68. In order to service the filter assembly 20, the old filter cartridge 24 is removed from the filter head 22 and discarded. In order to remove the old filter cartridge 24 from the filter head, the filter cartridge 24 is preferably rotated relative to the filter head 22 by hand and without the use of tools. The filter cartridge 24 is rotated in such a way that the connecting sections 106, 108, 110 are disengaged from the connecting sections 122, 124, 126. This also releases the sealing member 88 and allows the filter cartridge 24 to be pulled axially from the filter head 22.

[0127] A new filter cartridge 24 with new media 68 is then provided. The new filter cartridge 24 is installed onto the filter head 22 by aligning the outlet opening 40 of the filter head 22 with the grommet sealing member 102 of the cartridge 24. The cartridge 24 is pushed axially toward the filter head 22 and then rotated less than 90°, typically no more than 60°. The cartridge 24 is rotated so that the connection sections 106, 108, 110 engage or mate with the connection sections 122, 124, 126. The cartridge 24 can be rotated until the stop member 150 prevents further rotation of the cartridge 24 within the filter head 22. As the cartridge 24 rotates within the filter head 22, the sealing member 88 is compressed to form a seal between and against the filter head 22 and the cartridge 24. During the rotation step, the filter element 24 is rotated until the latches 160, 161, 162 are received in the latch recesses 164, 165, 166 and the user detects feedback in the form of an audible click or a tactile click feeling. This will ensure that the filter element 24 has been properly installed on the filter head 22 and the filter assembly 20 is ready for filtering again.

[0128] The above shows exemplary principles. Many embodiments can be made using these principles.

Claims

1. A filter element for a filter cup filter element assembly; The filter element comprises: (a) a treatment media construction having a first end and an opposing second end; (b) a first end structure adjacent to a first end of the media structure; wherein the first end structure comprises an outer radial wall and an axial wall; the axial wall covers the first end of the media structure; (c) a first plurality of circumferentially spaced radial protrusions extending from the outer radial wall; (i) a first plurality of radial projections having a first longitudinal length, wherein terminal ends are sized to engage a rim of a filter bowl when the filter cartridge is inserted into the filter bowl; (ii) the first plurality of radial projections have at least one lateral portion oriented to circumferentially abut a portion of the filter bowl when the filter cartridge is inserted into the filter bowl; and (d) at least one tenon extending axially outwardly from an axial wall constructed at the first end.

2. The filter element according to claim 1, wherein: There are a plurality of tenons extending axially outwardly from an axial wall of the first end configuration.

3. The filter element according to claim 2, wherein: The tenons are circumferentially spaced from one another.

4. The filter element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: Each latch includes a leaf spring attached to an axial wall of the first end configuration.

5. The filter element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The first end construction is part of a first end cap, and the first end cap is secured to the first end of the media construction.

6. The filter cartridge of claim 5 further comprising a second end cap secured to the second end of the media construction.

7. The filter element according to claim 6, wherein: The treatment media configuration includes pleated media arranged in a tubular shape having an open interior volume.

8. The filter element according to claim 7, wherein: The first end cap has a through opening that communicates with the open interior volume of the pleated media.

9. The filter cartridge of claim 8 further comprising a sealing member surrounding the through opening of the first end cap.

10. The filter element according to claim 8, wherein: The tenon is spaced radially outwardly of the through opening of the first end cap.

11. The filter element according to any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein: The second end cap is closed.

12. The filter element according to any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein: The second end cap is open.

13. The filter element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The outer radial wall and the axial wall are integral.

14. A filter cup filter element assembly, comprising: (a) The filter element according to claim 1; as well as (b) a filter cup having an outer radial wall and an interior volume; A filter cartridge is removably mounted in the interior volume; the outer radial wall has a plurality of connected sections alternating with non-connected sections; (i) each connecting segment has a plurality of helical profiles extending at a helix angle; and within each connecting segment, a first helical profile among the helical profiles is different from at least one other helical profile based on one or more of the following: profile shape, axial spacing, or axial depth.

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