Combined ecological floating bed and method for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of ecological floating bed technology and discloses a combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater. The floating bed includes a frame frame, with adjustable buoyancy floats installed at each of the four corners via ropes. A grid frame is fixedly connected inside the frame, and several packing baskets are installed inside the frame via the grid frame. This combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater, through strict division of algae / bacteria and plant functional modules, allows for the exploration of the effectiveness of each module, providing an exploratory approach for field implementation. Furthermore, the algae / bacteria module, using a checkerboard grid and three-dimensional elastic brush packing, restricts the algae's movement range, reducing interference from external factors such as weather, resulting in uniform algae distribution within the floating bed. The plants, located around the algae, can diffuse into the lightweight soil of the plant growing containers, providing nutrients for the plant growth soil and reducing the additional costs of nutrient soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological floating bed technology, specifically to a combined ecological floating bed and method for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater. Background Technology

[0002] Although acidic heavy metal wastewater is an oligotrophic water body, it still has abundant microbial activity and can promote the natural purification of the water body. Although the natural remediation process is very slow, it provides the possibility of biological remediation. Therefore, the demand for remediation devices that can effectively treat acidic heavy metal wastewater is urgent. However, there are very few devices on the market that can be used for the remediation of acidic heavy metal wastewater. Ecological floating beds are one of the mainstream devices for river treatment.

[0003] Chinese utility model patent CN216273346U discloses an ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater, including a floating bed structure module and floating bed plant working modules, bacteria working modules, and algae working modules set within the floating bed structure module. The algae working module includes an algae light-transmitting plate (made of PMMA material), an algae suspension (containing acid-resistant algae that accumulate heavy metals), and a polyester filter cloth. The design of the algae light-transmitting plate allows algae to effectively utilize sunlight for photosynthesis. The algae suspension is contained within the polyester filter cloth to maintain the algae aggregation and promote material exchange. The plant working module includes a nutrient filler containing acid-resistant floating bed plants (such as calamus) that can accumulate heavy metals. The nutrient filler contains slow-release biomass rich in carbon and nitrogen elements and lightweight ceramic granules to adapt to the water quality characteristics of acidic heavy metal wastewater and continuously supply the nutrients required by the plants. The bacteria working module includes an attachment filler and a nutrient filler. The outer filler is suitable for aerobic iron-oxidizing bacteria, and the inner filler is suitable for anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria.

[0004] The aforementioned ecological floating beds have certain drawbacks in actual use. For example, the algal suspension is contained within the polyester filter cloth, making it difficult to diffuse. Furthermore, the lack of zoning of the algae modules makes them highly susceptible to weather and other disturbances, resulting in uneven water quality and dissolved oxygen imbalance within the floating bed, which affects the growth of bacteria in the lower layer. The extensive use of small-pore materials easily causes blockages, leading to the loss of some functions of the floating bed. It is also difficult to form an anaerobic environment in the anaerobic zone, which easily causes the death of anaerobic bacteria. Additionally, the use of various materials in each functional zone makes it difficult to replace the packing materials and other structures. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a combined ecological floating bed and method for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater. By strictly dividing the functional modules of algae, bacteria, and plants, the effectiveness of each module can be explored in segments, providing an exploratory approach for on-site implementation. Furthermore, the algae and bacteria modules are divided into a checkerboard grid, and the three-dimensional elastic brush packing material restricts the drift range of algae, reducing interference from external factors such as weather. This ensures uniform algae distribution within the floating bed, and the plants, located around the algae, can diffuse into the lightweight soil of the plant growing bottles, providing nutrients for the plant growth soil. This also reduces the additional costs of plant nutrient soil. This invention solves the problem that existing ecological floating beds, which stack various modules to couple plants, algae, and bacteria, are prone to functional conflicts and nutrient competition between modules, failing to achieve maximum effectiveness.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater, comprising a floating bed frame, wherein each of the four corners of the floating bed frame is equipped with a buoyancy-adjustable float via ropes, a grid frame is fixedly connected inside the floating bed frame, and a plurality of filling baskets are installed inside the floating bed frame via the grid frame, and the top of the plurality of filling baskets is provided with a basket top net seal;

[0009] The interior of several packing baskets is filled with biomass packing material. Several three-dimensional elastic brush packing materials are installed inside the floating bed frame by means of a pull wire, and the several three-dimensional elastic brush packing materials are all located above the mesh seal on the top of the basket. The top of the floating bed frame is provided with a ring-shaped plant planting area and a support frame. The support frame is respectively provided with a dissolved oxygen instrument body, a pH instrument body, a propeller controller, a main control computer, a signal transmission module, and an additive component for adding compound bacterial agent to the center of the floating bed frame.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom of the packing basket has several large-diameter flow holes, the top of the packing basket has a raised edge, and the packing basket is supported on the grid frame by the raised edge and supported by the bottom of the floating bed frame in a grid shape. Handles are installed on both sides of the top of the raised edge, and the top mesh covers the top of the packing basket.

[0011] Preferably, the inner and outer sides of the plant planting area are provided with a number of toothed openings and flow holes, and a checkerboard grid-like rope is arranged between the toothed openings, and a number of three-dimensional elastic brush fillers are respectively installed on the cross intersections of the rope.

[0012] Preferably, a four-way propeller is fixedly installed at the bottom of the floating bed frame and controlled by a propeller controller. The four-way propeller is used to drive the floating bed frame in the water to move forward, backward, left, and right.

[0013] Preferably, the detection probes of the dissolved oxygen instrument body and the pH instrument body extend into the interior of the floating bed frame through connecting rods. The dissolved oxygen instrument body, the pH instrument body, the propeller controller, and the main control computer are all equipped with waterproof sealed boxes, and the top of the sealed boxes can be opened. The support rod frame is equipped with solar power supply components.

[0014] Preferably, the additive component includes a material receiving cylinder installed at the top inside the support rod frame and a microbial agent tank for storing the compound microbial agent. The material receiving cylinder is provided with an additive component for extracting the compound microbial agent inside the microbial agent tank and discharging it into the floating bed frame.

[0015] Preferably, the additive includes a protective cylinder fixed to the top of the feeding cylinder and a piston block slidably connected inside the feeding cylinder. An electric telescopic rod for driving the piston block up and down is fixedly connected inside the protective cylinder. At least one opening is opened inside the piston block, and a one-way valve plate is provided in the opening. A water collection pipe is fixedly connected to the top of the feeding cylinder, and one end of the water collection pipe extends into the interior of the floating bed frame. A one-way valve is installed on the water collection pipe. Several additive pipes are fixedly connected to the bottom of the feeding cylinder.

[0016] The bottom of the feeding cylinder is fixedly connected to a sleeve, and the feed pipe of the inoculant tank is fixedly connected to the inside of the sleeve. The bottom of the piston block is fixedly connected to a piston rod through a support column, and the piston rod contacts the inner surface of the sleeve through a sealing sleeve.

[0017] At least one surging component is installed on the outer surface of the floating bed frame. The surging component includes an L-shaped frame fixed to the outer surface of the floating bed frame, and the L-shaped outlet of the L-shaped frame is located directly below the floating bed frame. The L-shaped outlet of the L-shaped frame is hinged to a first valve plate that can only be rotated outward. A water inlet is opened in the middle of the L-shaped frame, and a second valve plate that can only be rotated inward is hinged inside the water inlet. A piston plate is slidably connected inside the L-shaped frame, and an L-shaped transmission frame is fixedly connected to the top of the piston plate. An electric reciprocating component for reciprocating up and down driving the L-shaped transmission frame is installed on the floating bed frame.

[0018] A wastewater treatment method using a combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater includes the following steps:

[0019] S1. The biomass filler, which has been soaked in water in advance to remove air bubbles, is filled into several filler baskets in a U-shape. The filler baskets filled with biomass filler are then arranged in a rectangular array according to the grid frame, and supported by the grid frame and the bottom of the floating bed frame in a grid-like pattern.

[0020] Subsequently, several three-dimensional elastic brush fillers were installed inside the floating bed frame using a suspension method, and the several three-dimensional elastic brush fillers were arranged in a checkerboard grid pattern.

[0021] Finally, place several plant pots with plants inside the plant planting area, and adjust the buoyancy of the four floats so that the floating bed frame is submerged in water, with the top of the floating bed frame protruding 2-3 cm above the water surface and the plant pots submerged 5 cm in the water, thus completing the treatment of acidic heavy metals in wastewater.

[0022] S2. By setting the positions of algae, bacteria and plants in step S1, the upper area inside the floating bed frame becomes an aerobic algae and bacteria zone. The algae perform photosynthesis, metabolize and enrich heavy metals, produce alkalinity to increase pH, and after they die and settle, they provide carbon sources for other aerobic microorganisms.

[0023] By setting up plant planting areas around the outside of the floating bed frame, heavy metals are enriched by the hyperaccumulating plants in the planting areas. At the same time, the organic matter produced by the plants flows into the floating bed to enhance the metabolism and reproduction of algae and bacteria, thereby improving the water quality in the floating bed area.

[0024] S3. In the first implementation, add an external carbon source to make the native algae in the internal checkerboard grid area produce alkali. After the microalgae grow rapidly, the addition of carbon source can be stopped.

[0025] The remains of dead microalgae and their metabolic products are decomposed by the aerobic biofilm on the three-dimensional elastic brush packing, providing carbon sources and other nutrients for microalgae growth, thus forming a carbon cycle in the upper part of the floating bed.

[0026] The dissolved oxygen concentration in the water decreases significantly after passing through the biomass packing layer from top to bottom, thus providing a suitable anaerobic environment for alkali-producing microorganisms such as sulfate-reducing bacteria and iron-reducing bacteria in the lower layer. The alkalinity produced by these microorganisms can neutralize the acidity of the water inside the floating bed, thereby improving the microenvironment for microbial growth and forming a virtuous cycle. In addition, sulfate-reducing bacteria reduce sulfate ions and chelate heavy metals for fixation. Thus, the indigenous microalgae inside the ecological floating bed combine with aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that have the ability to tolerate heavy metals and low pH, producing a synergistic effect between algae and bacteria, which enhances heavy metal fixation while producing alkali.

[0027] S4. Real-time monitoring of dissolved oxygen concentration and pH changes inside and outside the upper layer of the floating bed using the probes of the dissolved oxygen instrument and the pH instrument.

[0028] When the pH concentration is greater than 6.0 and the dissolved oxygen concentration is greater than 15 mg / L, the main control computer automatically controls the release of the added components to introduce compound microbial agents and enhance the removal of Mn metal.

[0029] When the pH concentration is greater than 8.0, a movement signal is triggered to the staff.

[0030] When the Mn concentration falls below the preset concentration, staff can give a signal to move the floating bed area and proceed with the processing of the next area.

[0031] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0032] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. This invention, by strictly dividing the functional modules of algae and bacteria and plants, allows for the exploration of the effectiveness of each functional module, providing an exploratory approach for on-site implementation. Moreover, the algae and bacteria module, through the division of a checkerboard grid and the use of three-dimensional elastic brush filler to limit the range of algae movement, reduces interference from external factors such as weather, ensuring uniform algae distribution within the floating bed. Plants, located around the algae, can diffuse into the lightweight soil of the plant growing bottles, providing nutrients for plant growth and reducing additional costs such as plant nutrient soil. This floating bed has advantages such as simple structure, easy maintenance, clear functional zoning, enhanced coupling of multiple functions, and low cost, which can significantly reduce interference factors in on-site implementation, meet requirements, and has great potential in the environmental protection industry.

[0034] 2. This invention, through the downward movement of the piston block, not only allows for water extraction via the water collection pipe but also drives the piston column downwards to extract material. The upward repositioning of the piston block not only moves the extracted compound microbial agent material into the material extraction cylinder via the piston column but also compresses the water extracted from above, causing it to enter the area below the piston block through the opening and the built-in one-way valve. This allows the extracted water to flush the compound microbial agent, which is then dispersed into the floating bed frame through several addition pipes, thus completing the compound microbial agent addition process. This not only provides excellent compound microbial agent addition but also disperses the compound microbial agent, further improving the addition effect.

[0035] 3. This invention uses an electric reciprocating component to drive the L-shaped transmission frame to move up and down. The upward movement of the L-shaped transmission frame drives the piston plate to move upward synchronously, thereby absorbing water from the inlet. The water source driving force can drive the second valve plate to flip inward, allowing external water to quickly enter the interior of the L-shaped frame. Combined with the downward movement of the piston plate driven by the L-shaped transmission frame, the sucked water source is squeezed, causing the water source to be discharged through the L-shaped outlet of the L-shaped frame. This causes the water source below the floating bed frame to surge, thereby increasing the contact strength and contact range between the water source and the bottom of the floating bed frame, thus improving its water treatment performance. This solves the problem in the prior art where the water source below the floating bed is in a static state, which prevents the static water source from fully contacting the water treatment components below the floating bed, affecting its water treatment efficiency and effect. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ecological floating bed for combined treatment of acidic heavy metal wastewater according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Structural bottom view;

[0038] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the floating bed frame;

[0039] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 1 A structural breakdown diagram of the floating bed frame;

[0040] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Top view of the frame structure of the floating bed;

[0041] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the installation of several packing baskets;

[0042] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the middle support frame;

[0043] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 A structural diagram of adding components;

[0044] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 A cross-sectional diagram of the added component;

[0045] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the surge component;

[0046] Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 10 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the surge component.

[0047] In the diagram: 1. Floating bed frame; 2. Float; 3. Grid frame; 4. Packing basket; 5. Basket top mesh seal; 6. Three-dimensional elastic brush packing; 61. Toothed opening; 62. Rope;

[0048] 7. Planting area;

[0049] 8. Support rod frame; 81. Dissolved oxygen instrument main body; 82. pH instrument main body; 83. Propeller controller; 84. Main control computer; 85. Signal transmission module; 86. Connecting rod;

[0050] 9. Four-way propeller;

[0051] 10. Adding component; 101. Feeding cylinder; 102. Agent tank; 103. Protective cylinder; 104. Piston block; 105. Electric telescopic rod; 106. One-way valve plate; 107. Water collection pipe; 108. Adding pipe; 109. Sleeve; 1010. Piston column;

[0052] 11. Surge assembly; 111. L-shaped frame; 112. First valve plate; 113. Second valve plate; 114. Piston plate; 115. L-shaped transmission frame; 116. Electric reciprocating component. Detailed Implementation

[0053] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] Example 1:

[0055] See attached document Figure 1-11 An ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater is provided, comprising a floating bed frame 1, with adjustable buoyancy buoys 2 installed at the four corners of the floating bed frame 1 via ropes, the bottom of the floating bed frame 1 being grid-shaped, a grid frame 3 being fixedly connected inside the floating bed frame 1, and several filling baskets 4 being installed inside the floating bed frame 1 via the grid frame 3, with a basket top net seal 5 provided on the top of the several filling baskets 4;

[0056] Biomass fillers include straw fillers. The straw filler is filled in a spiral pattern inside the filler basket 4 with a thickness of 1-2 cm, forming an environment with an outer aerobic layer, a middle facultative anaerobic layer, and an inner anaerobic layer. The straw filler is made of straw woven into long strips of straw mats and wrapped layer by layer in a spiral pattern.

[0057] The packing baskets 4 are placed in the areas divided by the floating bed frame 2. The top of the packing basket 4 is covered with a basket top mesh seal 5 to separate the aerobic / anaerobic areas. The grid frame 3 is used to support the packing basket 4 in the division.

[0058] Several packing baskets 4 are filled with biomass packing material. Several three-dimensional elastic brush packing materials 6 are installed inside the floating bed frame 1 by means of a pull wire. The several three-dimensional elastic brush packing materials 6 are all located above the top net seal 5 of the basket. The top of the floating bed frame 1 is provided with a ring-shaped plant planting area 7 and a support frame 8. The support frame 8 is provided with a dissolved oxygen instrument body 81, a pH instrument body 82, a propeller controller 83, a main control computer 84, a signal transmission module 85, and an additive component 10 for adding compound bacterial agent to the center of the floating bed frame 1.

[0059] The upper layer inside the floating bed frame 1 is an aerobic algae and bacteria zone, where algae perform photosynthesis, metabolize and enrich heavy metals, produce alkalinity to increase pH, and after death and settling, provide a carbon source for other aerobic microorganisms. The lower layer inside the floating bed frame 1 is an anaerobic packing zone, loaded with biofilm. The dissolved oxygen concentration in the anaerobic packing zone gradually decreases from the outside to the inside. The inner anaerobic environment is where anaerobic alkaline-producing bacteria such as SRB metabolize and grow, enhancing acid water treatment. At the same time, aerobic microorganisms in the upper layer consume the oxygen metabolized by algae, fix heavy metals, and reduce the impact of the large amount of dissolved oxygen produced by algae in the upper layer on the inner anaerobic environment of the lower anaerobic packing zone, so that the inner anaerobic microorganisms metabolize and produce alkali, enhancing heavy metal fixation.

[0060] By setting up plant planting areas 7 around the outside of the floating bed frame 1, heavy metals are enriched by the hyperaccumulating plants in the plant planting areas 7, improving the water quality of the floating bed area. Furthermore, the withered leaves or organic matter produced by the plants in the plant planting areas 7 are introduced into the aerobic bacteria and algae area through water solubility, thereby enhancing the growth of aerobic bacteria.

[0061] In this invention, the structural framework is relatively simple, and the replacement of fillers is more convenient. The algae module uses three-dimensional elastic filler to divide the space into small areas, fully considering the tendency of native microalgae to adhere to the wall, stabilizing the algae concentration in each area, greatly reducing interference from external factors, and providing a good environment for aerobic bacteria, thus enhancing the synergistic effect between algae and bacteria. The bacteria module uses straw, laid layer by layer, taking advantage of the tendency of water bodies to produce secondary minerals to create an anaerobic environment, meeting the growth requirements of sulfate-reducing bacteria.

[0062] By strictly dividing the functional modules into algae / bacteria and plant modules, the effectiveness of each module can be explored in segments, providing an exploratory approach for on-site implementation. Moreover, the algae / bacteria module, through the division of a checkerboard grid and the use of three-dimensional elastic brush filler to limit the range of algae movement, reduces interference from external factors such as weather, and ensures uniform algae distribution within the floating bed. Plants are located on the periphery of the algae, and through algae diffusion, they can enter the lightweight soil of the plant planting bottles, providing nutrients for the plant growth soil, while reducing the additional costs of plant nutrient soil. This floating bed has the advantages of simple structure, easy maintenance, clear functional zoning, multiple function coupling and enhancement, and low cost. It can significantly reduce interference factors in on-site implementation, meet the requirements, and has great potential in the environmental protection industry.

[0063] See attached document Figures 4 to 6 The bottom of the packing basket 4 has several large-diameter flow holes, the top of the packing basket 4 has a raised edge, and the packing basket 4 is supported on the grid frame 3 by the raised edge, and is supported by the bottom of the floating bed frame 1 in a grid shape. Handles are installed on both sides of the top of the raised edge, and the top mesh seal 5 covers the top of the packing basket 4.

[0064] The top of the packing basket 4 is provided with a raised edge, which facilitates the support of the packing basket 4 by the grid frame 3. The handle is provided to facilitate the operation of the packing basket 4 by the staff. The top mesh seal 5 is provided to separate the aerobic / anaerobic areas.

[0065] See attached document Figure 1 and Figures 3 to 6 The inner and outer sides of the plant planting area 7 are provided with a number of toothed openings 61 and flow holes, and a checkerboard grid-like rope 62 is arranged between the toothed openings 61. A number of three-dimensional elastic brush fillers 6 are respectively installed on the cross intersection nodes of the rope 62.

[0066] By setting several toothed openings 61, it is not only convenient to lay out the checkerboard grid through the rope 62, thus facilitating the subsequent installation of the three-dimensional elastic brush filler 6, but also to meet the layout of checkerboard grids of different sizes, thereby meeting the layout of three-dimensional elastic brush filler 6 with different spacing. The three-dimensional elastic brush filler 6 is connected to the grid nodes and the corresponding positions of the top grid of the lower filler basket, arranged vertically to form algae partitions, providing algae attachment points, which can be biologically attached to form a biofilm.

[0067] The three-dimensional elastic brush filler 6 is made of carbon fiber and polyethylene materials.

[0068] See attached document Figure 2 and Figure 7 A four-way propeller 9 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the floating bed frame 1 and is controlled by a propeller controller 83. The four-way propeller 9 is used to drive the floating bed frame 1 in the water to move forward, backward, left and right.

[0069] The main control computer 84 controls the four-way propeller 9, which facilitates the movement of the floating bed mechanism in different directions (forward, backward, left, and right) by driving the four-way propeller 9. A remote control moving device can be added to meet the treatment needs of acidic heavy metal wastewater in different areas.

[0070] See attached document Figure 7 The detection probes of the dissolved oxygen instrument body 81 and the pH instrument body 82 extend into the interior of the floating bed frame 1 through the connecting rod 86. The dissolved oxygen instrument body 81, the pH instrument body 82, the propeller controller 83, and the main control computer 84 are all equipped with waterproof sealing boxes, and the top of the sealing boxes can be opened. The support rod frame 8 is equipped with solar power supply components.

[0071] The main control computer 84 controls the release of microbial agents from the additive component 10; the solar panels of the solar power supply component are fixed around the floating bed and store electrical energy in the battery. The main control computer 84 controls the four-way propeller 9 to start, moving the floating bed. The main control computer 84 transmits field data information through a signal transmission device.

[0072] See attached document Figures 7 to 9 The addition component 10 includes a material picking cylinder 101 installed on the top of the support rod frame 8 and a microbial agent tank 102 for storing the compound microbial agent. The material picking cylinder 101 is provided with an addition component for extracting the compound microbial agent inside the microbial agent tank 102 and discharging it into the floating bed frame 1.

[0073] The bacterial agent tank 102 is used to store compound bacterial agents for water treatment, wherein the compound bacterial agents are compound bacterial agents that can remove heavy metals.

[0074] This microbial agent contains Rhodotorula rubrum, Aspergillus, Penicillium, iron-reducing bacteria, and sulfate-reducing bacteria in a ratio of 2:2:2:1:1. It contains nutrients in a C:N:P ratio of 10:2:1, and also contains Fe, K, and Na ions to ensure the activity of the compound microbial agent.

[0075] The stored compound microbial agent can be discharged into the feeding cylinder 101 through the addition component, and then discharged into the interior of the floating bed through the feeding cylinder 101, forming a compound microbial agent addition operation, which enhances the removal of Mn metal. The released compound microbial agent is used to remove Mn and produce alkali to adjust pH.

[0076] See attached document Figures 1 to 11 A wastewater treatment method using a combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater includes the following steps:

[0077] S1. The biomass filler that has been soaked in water in advance and has expelled air bubbles is filled into several filler baskets 4 in a U-shape. Then, the filler baskets 4 filled with biomass filler are arranged in a rectangular array according to the grid frame 3 and supported by the grid frame 3 and the bottom of the floating bed frame 1 in a grid pattern.

[0078] Subsequently, several three-dimensional elastic brush fillers 6 were installed inside the floating bed frame 1 by means of suspension, and the several three-dimensional elastic brush fillers 6 were arranged in a checkerboard grid pattern.

[0079] Finally, several plant pots containing plants are placed inside the plant planting area 7. The buoyancy of the four floats 2 is then adjusted so that the floating bed frame 1 is submerged in water, with the top of the floating bed frame 1 protruding 2-3 cm above the water surface and the plant pots submerged 5 cm in the water. This process can then be used to treat acidic heavy metals in wastewater. The plant area is placed on the outside, and organic matter can be released into the internal algae and bacteria treatment area through rain or other means, providing certain nutrients and enhancing the growth of algae and bacteria.

[0080] S2. By setting the positions of algae, bacteria and plants in step S1, the upper area inside the floating bed frame 1 is an aerobic bacteria and algae zone. The algae perform photosynthesis, metabolize and enrich heavy metals, produce alkalinity to increase pH, and after death and sedimentation, they provide carbon source for other aerobic microorganisms.

[0081] The lower part of the floating bed frame 1 is an anaerobic packing zone, which is loaded with biofilm. The dissolved oxygen concentration in the anaerobic packing zone gradually decreases from the outside to the inside. The inner anaerobic environment is for the metabolic growth of anaerobic alkaline bacteria such as SRB, which enhances acid water treatment.

[0082] Meanwhile, aerobic microorganisms in the upper layer consume oxygen from algae metabolism, fix heavy metals, and reduce the impact of large amounts of dissolved oxygen produced by algae in the upper layer on the anaerobic environment in the lower anaerobic packing area. This allows the anaerobic microorganisms in the inner layer to produce alkali, thereby strengthening the fixation of heavy metals.

[0083] By setting up plant planting areas 7 around the outside of the floating bed frame 1, heavy metals are enriched by the hyperaccumulating plants in the plant planting areas 7. At the same time, the organic matter produced by the plants flows into the floating bed to enhance the metabolism and reproduction of algae and bacteria, improve the water quality of the floating bed area, and the withered leaves or organic matter produced by the plants in the plant planting areas 7 are introduced into the aerobic bacteria and algae area through water solubility, which enhances the growth of aerobic bacteria.

[0084] S3. In the first implementation, add an external carbon source to make the native algae in the internal checkerboard grid area produce alkali. After the microalgae grow rapidly, the addition of carbon source can be stopped.

[0085] The remains of dead microalgae and their metabolic products are decomposed by the aerobic biofilm on the three-dimensional elastic brush filler 6, which provides carbon sources and other nutrients for the growth of microalgae, thus forming a carbon cycle in the upper part of the floating bed.

[0086] The dissolved oxygen concentration in the water decreases significantly after passing through the biomass packing layer from top to bottom, thus providing a suitable anaerobic environment for alkali-producing microorganisms such as sulfate-reducing bacteria and iron-reducing bacteria in the lower layer. The alkalinity produced by the alkali-producing microorganisms can neutralize the acidity of the water inside the floating bed, thereby improving the microenvironment for the growth of microbial communities and forming a virtuous cycle. At the same time, the biomass packing can serve as a slow-release carbon source, which can be utilized and decomposed by aerobic / anaerobic alkali-producing bacteria, providing attachment points to form biofilms. Furthermore, anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria reduce sulfate ions and chelate heavy metals for fixation. Thus, the indigenous microalgae inside the ecological floating bed combine with aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that have the ability to tolerate heavy metals and low pH, producing a synergistic effect between algae and bacteria, which enhances heavy metal fixation while producing alkali.

[0087] S4. Real-time monitoring of dissolved oxygen concentration and pH changes inside and outside the upper layer of the floating bed using the probes of the dissolved oxygen instrument body 81 and the pH instrument body 82.

[0088] When the pH concentration is greater than 6.0 and the dissolved oxygen concentration is greater than 15 mg / L, the main control computer 84 automatically controls the release of the additive component 10 to introduce the compound bacterial agent and enhance the removal of Mn metal.

[0089] When the pH concentration is greater than 8.0, a movement signal is triggered to the staff.

[0090] When the Mn concentration is lower than the preset concentration, the staff can give a signal to move the floating bed area and carry out the processing work in the next area; the staff can also preset the floating bed movement range in advance, and when the conditions are met, the floating bed will move automatically and feed back on the site information.

[0091] Example 2: The difference from Example 1 is that;

[0092] See attached document Figure 8 and Figure 9 The additives include a protective cylinder 103 fixed to the top of the feeding cylinder 101 and a piston block 104 slidably connected inside the feeding cylinder 101. An electric telescopic rod 105 for driving the piston block 104 up and down is fixedly connected inside the protective cylinder 103. At least one opening is provided inside the piston block 104, and a one-way valve plate 106 is provided inside the opening. A water collection pipe 107 is fixedly connected to the top of the feeding cylinder 101, and one end of the water collection pipe 107 extends into the interior of the floating bed frame 1. A one-way valve is installed on the water collection pipe 107. Several additive pipes 108 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the feeding cylinder 101.

[0093] The electric telescopic rod 105 is connected to the external main control computer 84. The activation of the electric telescopic rod 105 can drive the piston block 104 to move up and down. The downward movement of the piston block 104 can create a negative pressure state at the top of the piston block 104, which can then be used to draw water through the water collection pipe 107. When the piston block 104 is reset upward, the water drawn from above is squeezed, so that the water enters the bottom of the piston block 104 through the opening and the built-in one-way valve plate 106. Finally, it is dispersed and discharged into the interior of the floating bed frame 1 through several addition pipes 108, which further improves the dispersion of the addition.

[0094] The bottom of the feeding cylinder 101 is fixedly connected to the sleeve 109, and the feed pipe of the agent box 102 is fixedly connected to the inside of the sleeve 109. The bottom of the piston block 104 is fixedly connected to the piston column 1010 through the support column, and the piston column 1010 contacts the inner surface of the sleeve 109 through the sealing sleeve.

[0095] The sleeve 109 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the feeding cylinder 101, and the feed pipe of the agent tank 102 is connected to the inside of the sleeve 109, so that the agent tank 102 can add compound agent to the inside of the sleeve 109 through the feed pipe. The piston column 1010 is provided inside the sleeve 109 to seal and block the bottom of the feed pipe, preventing the random addition of compound agent through the feed pipe.

[0096] The piston column 1010 is fixedly connected to the piston block 104, so that the piston block 104 moves downward, which can drive the piston column 1010 to move downward. When the piston column 1010 no longer obstructs the bottom of the material pipe, the material pipe will carry out the compound microbial agent addition work. With the upward movement of the piston column 1010, the added compound microbial agent can be transferred to the inside of the feeding cylinder 101. With the flushing of the water source inside the feeding cylinder 101, not only can the compound microbial agent be dissolved, but the dissolved liquid can also be simultaneously dispersed through several addition pipes 108 into the inside of the floating bed frame 1, forming a compound microbial agent addition work. It not only has a good compound microbial agent addition work, but also can disperse the compound microbial agent, further improving the compound microbial agent addition effect.

[0097] Example 3: The difference from Example 1 is that;

[0098] See attached document Figure 10 and Figure 11At least one surging component 11 is installed on the outer surface of the floating bed frame 1. The surging component 11 includes an L-shaped frame 111 fixed to the outer surface of the floating bed frame 1, and the L-shaped outlet of the L-shaped frame 111 is located directly below the floating bed frame 1. The L-shaped outlet of the L-shaped frame 111 is hinged to a first valve plate 112 that can only be flipped outward. A water inlet is provided in the middle of the L-shaped frame 111, and a second valve plate 113 that can only be flipped inward is hinged inside the water inlet. A piston plate 114 is slidably connected inside the L-shaped frame 111. An L-shaped transmission frame 115 is fixedly connected to the top of the piston plate 114. An electric reciprocating component 116 for reciprocating up and down driving the L-shaped transmission frame 115 is installed on the floating bed frame 1.

[0099] The electric reciprocating component 116 uses a protective box and an electric cylinder built into the box, which is used to drive the L-shaped transmission frame 115 to move up and down. The upward movement of the L-shaped transmission frame 115 can drive the piston plate 114 to move upward synchronously, thereby absorbing water from the inlet. Its water source driving force can drive the second valve plate 113 to flip inward, so that the external water source can quickly enter the interior of the L-shaped frame 111.

[0100] When the L-shaped transmission frame 115 drives the piston plate 114 to move downward, the pumped water source can be squeezed, so that the water source is discharged through the L-shaped outlet of the L-shaped frame 111, causing the water source below the floating bed frame 1 to surge, thereby increasing the contact force and contact range between the water source and the bottom of the floating bed frame 1, and thus improving its water treatment performance.

[0101] This invention solves the problem in existing technologies where the water source below the floating bed is in a static state, which prevents the static water source from fully contacting the water treatment components below the floating bed, thus affecting the water treatment efficiency and effectiveness.

[0102] It should be noted that the term "comprising" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0103] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater, comprising a floating bed frame (1), characterized in that: The four corners of the floating bed frame (1) are equipped with adjustable buoys (2) by ropes. The bottom of the floating bed frame (1) is grid-shaped. A grid frame (3) is fixedly connected inside the floating bed frame (1). Several filling baskets (4) are installed inside the floating bed frame (1) through the grid frame (3). The top of the several filling baskets (4) is provided with a basket top net seal (5). The interior of several filling baskets (4) is filled with biomass filler. The interior of the floating bed frame (1) is equipped with several three-dimensional elastic brush fillers (6) by means of a pull wire. The several three-dimensional elastic brush fillers (6) are all located above the basket top net seal (5). The top of the floating bed frame (1) is provided with a ring-shaped plant planting area (7) and a support rod frame (8). The upper area inside the floating bed frame (1) is an aerobic bacteria and algae area. The plant planting area (7) is arranged around the outside of the floating bed frame (1). The support frame (8) is respectively equipped with a dissolved oxygen instrument body (81), a pH instrument body (82), a propeller controller (83), a main control computer (84), a signal transmission module (85), and an additive component (10) for adding compound bacterial agent to the center of the floating bed frame (1). At least one surging component (11) is installed on the outer surface of the floating bed frame (1). The surging component (11) includes an L-shaped frame (111) fixed to the outer surface of the floating bed frame (1). The L-shaped outlet of the L-shaped frame (111) is located directly below the floating bed frame (1). The L-shaped outlet of the L-shaped frame (111) is hinged to a first valve plate (112) that can only be flipped outward. A water inlet is opened in the middle of the L-shaped frame (111), and a second valve plate (113) that can only be flipped inward is hinged inside the water inlet. A piston plate (114) is slidably connected inside the L-shaped frame (111). An L-shaped transmission frame (115) is fixedly connected to the top of the piston plate (114). An electric reciprocating component (116) for reciprocating up and down driving the L-shaped transmission frame (115) is installed on the floating bed frame (1).

2. The combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the packing basket (4) has several large-diameter flow holes. The top of the packing basket (4) has a raised edge, and the packing basket (4) is supported on the grid frame (3) by the raised edge. It is also supported by the bottom of the floating bed frame (1) in a grid shape. Handles are installed on both sides of the top of the raised edge. The top mesh seal (5) of the basket covers the top of the packing basket (4).

3. The combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner and outer sides of the plant planting area (7) are provided with a number of toothed openings (61) and flow holes, and a checkerboard grid-like rope (62) is arranged between the toothed openings (61). A number of three-dimensional elastic brush fillers (6) are respectively installed on the cross intersection of the rope (62). The three-dimensional elastic brush packing (6) is connected to the corresponding position of the grid node and the top grid of the lower packing basket, and is arranged vertically to form an algae zone and provide algae attachment points.

4. The combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the floating bed frame (1) is fixedly equipped with a four-way propeller (9), which is controlled by a propeller controller (83). The four-way propeller (9) is used to drive the floating bed frame (1) in the water to move forward, backward, left and right.

5. The combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection probes of the dissolved oxygen instrument body (81) and pH instrument body (82) extend into the interior of the floating bed frame (1) via connecting rods (86). The dissolved oxygen instrument body (81), pH instrument body (82), propeller controller (83), and main control computer (84) are all equipped with waterproof sealed boxes, and the top of the sealed boxes can be opened. The support rod frame (8) is equipped with solar power supply components.

6. The combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The additive component (10) includes a material collection cylinder (101) installed on the top of the support rod frame (8) and a microbial agent box (102) for storing the compound microbial agent. The material collection cylinder (101) is provided with an additive for extracting the compound microbial agent inside the microbial agent box (102) and discharging it into the floating bed frame (1).

7. The combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater according to claim 6, characterized in that: The additives include a protective cylinder (103) fixed to the top of the feeding cylinder (101) and a piston block (104) slidably connected inside the feeding cylinder (101). An electric telescopic rod (105) for driving the piston block (104) up and down is fixedly connected inside the protective cylinder (103). At least one opening is provided inside the piston block (104), and a one-way valve plate (106) is provided inside the opening. A water collection pipe (107) is fixedly connected to the top of the feeding cylinder (101), and one end of the water collection pipe (107) extends into the interior of the floating bed frame (1). A one-way valve is installed on the water collection pipe (107). Several additive pipes (108) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the feeding cylinder (101). The bottom of the feeding cylinder (101) is fixedly connected to the sleeve (109), and the feed pipe of the agent box (102) is fixedly connected to the inside of the sleeve (109). The bottom of the piston block (104) is fixedly connected to the piston column (1010) through the support column, and the piston column (1010) contacts the inner surface of the sleeve (109) through the sealing sleeve.

8. A wastewater treatment method based on the combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The biomass filler that has been soaked in water in advance and has expelled air bubbles is filled into several filler baskets (4) in a U-shape. Then the filler baskets (4) filled with biomass filler are arranged in a rectangular array according to the grid frame (3) and supported by the grid frame (3) and the bottom of the floating bed frame (1) in a grid shape. Subsequently, several three-dimensional elastic brush fillers (6) were installed inside the floating bed frame (1) by means of suspension, and the several three-dimensional elastic brush fillers (6) were arranged in a checkerboard grid pattern. Finally, place several plant pots with plants inside the plant planting area (7), and adjust the buoyancy of the four floats (2) so that the floating bed frame (1) is submerged in water, the top of the floating bed frame (1) protrudes 2-3cm above the water surface, and the plant pots are submerged 5cm in the water, thus forming a treatment process for acidic heavy metal wastewater. S2. By setting the positions of algae, bacteria and plants in step S1, the upper part of the floating bed frame (1) is an aerobic bacteria and algae area. The algae perform photosynthesis, metabolize and enrich heavy metals, produce alkalinity to increase pH, and provide carbon source for other aerobic microorganisms after death and sedimentation. By setting up a plant planting area (7) around the outside of the floating bed frame (1), heavy metals are enriched by the hyperaccumulating plants in the plant planting area (7), thereby improving the water quality of the floating bed area; S3. In the first implementation, an external carbon source is added to induce the native microorganisms in the internal checkerboard grid area to produce alkali. Once the microalgae have grown rapidly, the addition of the carbon source is stopped. The remains of microalgae after death and their metabolic products are decomposed by the aerobic biofilm on the three-dimensional elastic brush filler (6), which provides carbon source nutrition for microalgae growth again, thereby forming carbon recycling in the upper part of the floating bed area. The dissolved oxygen concentration in the water decreases significantly after passing through the biomass packing layer from top to bottom, thus providing a suitable anaerobic environment for sulfate-reducing bacteria and iron-reducing bacteria in the lower layer. The alkalinity produced by the alkaline-producing microorganisms neutralizes the acidity of the water inside the floating bed, thereby improving the microenvironment for microbial growth and forming a virtuous cycle. In addition, sulfate-reducing bacteria reduce sulfate ions and chelate heavy metals for fixation. Thus, the indigenous microalgae inside the ecological floating bed combine with aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that have the ability to tolerate heavy metals and low pH, producing a synergistic effect between algae and bacteria, which enhances heavy metal fixation while producing alkali. S4. Real-time monitoring of dissolved oxygen concentration and pH changes inside and outside the upper layer of the floating bed using the probes of the dissolved oxygen instrument body (81) and the pH instrument body (82); When the pH concentration is greater than 6.0 and the dissolved oxygen concentration is greater than 15 mg / L, the compound bacterial agent is introduced through the automatic release control of the additive component (10) by the main control computer (84) to enhance the removal of Mn metal; When the pH concentration is greater than 8.0, a movement signal is triggered to the staff. When the Mn concentration falls below the preset concentration, the staff will issue a signal to move the floating bed area and proceed with the processing of the next area.

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