A cultivation nutrient medium and a method for preparing the same

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of seedling cultivation nutrient medium, and particularly relates to a cultivation nutrient medium and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the cultivation nutrient medium provided by the present application comprises the following steps: crushing pine wood, then placing the pine wood in a closed device, introducing water vapor and ethanol gas into the closed device, standing, cooling, and obtaining pretreated pine wood; placing the pretreated pine wood in a steam explosion machine, first introducing air, then introducing water vapor, maintaining pressure, and performing explosion treatment to obtain wood fiber material; mixing corn straw powder, sheep manure, pig manure and EM bacterial agent, and fermenting the obtained mixture to obtain fermented material; and mixing peat, the fermented material, coconut dregs, the wood fiber material, perlite and vermiculite to obtain the cultivation nutrient medium. The cultivation nutrient medium provided by the present application can effectively improve the seedling emergence rate and the growth condition of seedlings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of seedling cultivation nutrient substrate technology, specifically relating to a cultivation nutrient substrate and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Nutrient substrates for seedling cultivation are essential materials that provide plants with the nutrients they need for growth, forming a crucial material basis for ensuring high germination rates and healthy seedling growth. Commonly used seedling nutrient substrates generally include peat, fermented materials, perlite, vermiculite, etc., with peat being a key component. However, peat is a non-renewable or unsustainable raw material. To reduce peat usage, people have considered using wood fiber to replace some of the peat, thus conserving peat consumption.

[0003] Wood fiber has a complex structure, containing large amounts of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which are intertwined and difficult to separate and decompose, significantly affecting the resource utilization of wood fiber. To better utilize wood fiber, existing technologies employ steam explosion to process the raw materials. Steam explosion technology can break down the microstructure of wood fiber raw materials using instantaneous pressure differences and rapid temperature changes, causing them to degrade quickly and effectively improving the resource utilization of wood fiber. However, conventional steam explosion technology generally uses steam as the explosion medium. Due to the complex structure of wood fiber, the explosion effect is limited, and cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are difficult to separate and degrade more effectively, thus affecting the resource utilization of wood fiber raw materials. Therefore, its application in seedling nutrient substrates needs further improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing steam explosion technology in treating wood fiber raw materials and applying them to seedling nutrient substrates, and to provide a cultivation nutrient substrate and its preparation method.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0006] A method for preparing a cultivation nutrient substrate includes the following steps:

[0007] 1) Crush the pine wood and place it in a sealed device. Pass water vapor and ethanol gas into the sealed device and let it stand. After standing, cool it down and take out the pine wood to obtain the pretreated pine wood.

[0008] 2) Place the pretreated pine wood in a steam blasting machine. First, introduce air to make the pressure reach 1.8-2.0 MPa, then introduce steam to make the temperature inside the steam blasting machine reach 180-200℃. Maintain the pressure, then carry out the blasting process, filter and collect the solids to obtain wood fiber material.

[0009] 3) Mix corn stalk powder, sheep manure, pig manure and EM bacteria agent, and ferment the mixture to obtain fermented material;

[0010] 4) Mix peat, fermented material, coconut coir, wood fiber material, perlite and vermiculite to obtain the cultivation nutrient substrate.

[0011] Preferably, the volume ratio of water vapor to ethanol gas in the sealed device is controlled to be 10:(2-5), and the temperature inside the sealed device is 95-100℃.

[0012] Preferably, the settling time in step 1) is 1-3 hours;

[0013] The pressure holding time in step 2) is 1-10 minutes.

[0014] Preferably, the mass ratio of corn stalk crushed material, sheep manure, pig manure and EM bacteria agent is 1:(0.6-0.8):(0.3-0.6):(0.001-0.004).

[0015] Preferably, in step 3), the fermentation temperature is 45-55℃, the fermentation time is 10-30 days, and the moisture content in the mixture is 45-60%.

[0016] Preferably, in step 4), the mass ratio of peat, fermented material, coconut coir, wood fiber material, perlite and vermiculite is 30:(8-12):(15-23):(15-23):(8-12):(8-12).

[0017] Preferably, in step 4), the mass ratio of peat, fermented material, coconut coir, wood fiber material, perlite and vermiculite is 30:10:20:20:10:10.

[0018] Preferably, in step 2), the pressure is reduced instantly after the pressure holding period ends to complete the material explosion;

[0019] Step 4) also includes adjusting the pH of the mixture to 5-7 and controlling its moisture content to 35-42%.

[0020] Preferably, the sealed device is a reaction vessel.

[0021] Optionally, the cultivation nutrient substrate is a vegetable cultivation nutrient substrate, and more preferably, the cultivation nutrient substrate is an eggplant cultivation nutrient substrate.

[0022] The EM agent used in this invention is a conventional EM agent that can be obtained commercially. The EM agent used in this invention was purchased from Jiangsu Caiwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0023] The present invention also provides a cultivation nutrient substrate, which is prepared by the preparation method described above.

[0024] The technical solution of this invention has the following advantages:

[0025] The method for preparing the cultivation nutrient substrate provided by this invention involves first crushing pine wood, then placing it in a reaction vessel. Water vapor and ethanol gas are introduced into the reaction vessel for static treatment. In a high-temperature environment, the water vapor and ethanol gas penetrate the surface and interior of the pine wood, further swelling the internal fibers. The treated pine wood is then placed in a steam explosion machine. Air is first introduced to reach a pressure of 1.8-2.0 MPa, followed by water vapor to reach a temperature of 180-200°C. After maintaining the pressure for a period, the pressure is instantly reduced to complete the material explosion. Because the steam explosion machine is initially kept under high pressure, the ethanol and water vapor that have penetrated the pine wood will not easily overflow, further assisting in the explosion process. The resulting wood fiber material, when mixed with peat, fermented material, coconut coir, perlite, and vermiculite, forms the cultivation nutrient substrate, which can effectively improve the germination rate and seedling growth.

[0026] The cultivation nutrient substrate provided by this invention has a simple process. It uses treated wood fiber to replace part of the peat, which can effectively save the amount of peat used, and at the same time realize the resource utilization of pine wood. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The following embodiments are provided to further understand the present invention and are not limited to the preferred embodiments described herein, nor do they limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Experimental steps or conditions not specified in the following embodiments of this invention can be implemented according to conventional experimental steps and conditions used in existing literature in this field. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available conventional reagents or instruments.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a cultivation nutrient substrate, including the following steps:

[0031] 1) Crush the pine wood and place it in a reaction vessel. Introduce water vapor and ethanol gas into the reaction vessel and let it stand for 2 hours. Control the volume ratio of water vapor to ethanol gas in the reaction vessel to be 10:3 and the temperature inside the reaction vessel to be 100℃. After standing, cool it to room temperature and take out the pine wood to obtain the pretreated pine wood.

[0032] 2) Place the pretreated pine wood in a steam blasting machine. First, introduce air to make the pressure reach 1.8MPa, then introduce steam to make the temperature inside the steam blasting machine reach 180℃. Hold the pressure for 5 minutes, then depressurize instantly to complete the material blasting. Filter and collect the solids to obtain wood fiber material.

[0033] 3) Mix corn stalk crushed material, sheep manure, pig manure and EM inoculant. The mass ratio of corn stalk crushed material, sheep manure, pig manure and EM inoculant is 1:0.8:0.5:0.002. Ferment the mixture at 50℃ for 15 days. The moisture content of the mixture is 55%.

[0034] 4) Mix peat, fermented material, coconut coir, wood fiber material, perlite and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 30:10:20:20:10:10, adjust the pH of the mixture to 5.5 and control its moisture content to 40% to obtain the cultivation nutrient substrate.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a cultivation nutrient substrate, including the following steps:

[0037] 1) Crush the pine wood and place it in a reaction vessel. Introduce steam and ethanol gas into the reaction vessel and let it stand for 2.5 hours. Control the volume ratio of steam and ethanol gas in the reaction vessel to be 10:4 and the temperature inside the reaction vessel to be 100℃. After standing, cool it to room temperature and take out the pine wood to obtain the pretreated pine wood.

[0038] 2) Place the pretreated pine wood in a steam blasting machine. First, introduce air to make the pressure reach 1.8MPa, then introduce steam to make the temperature inside the steam blasting machine reach 190℃. Hold the pressure for 5 minutes, then depressurize instantly to complete the material blasting. Filter and collect the solids to obtain wood fiber material.

[0039] 3) Mix corn stalk crushed material, sheep manure, pig manure and EM inoculant. The mass ratio of corn stalk crushed material, sheep manure, pig manure and EM inoculant is 1:0.8:0.5:0.002. Ferment the mixture at 50℃ for 18 days. The moisture content of the mixture is 55%.

[0040] 4) Mix peat, fermented material, coconut coir, wood fiber material, perlite and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 30:10:20:20:10:10, adjust the pH of the mixture to 5.5 and control its moisture content to 40% to obtain the cultivation nutrient substrate.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a cultivation nutrient substrate, including the following steps:

[0043] 1) Crush the pine wood and place it in a reaction vessel. Introduce steam and ethanol gas into the reaction vessel and let it stand for 4 hours. Control the volume ratio of steam and ethanol gas in the reaction vessel to be 10:4 and the temperature inside the reaction vessel to be 100℃. After standing, cool it to room temperature and take out the pine wood to obtain the pretreated pine wood.

[0044] 2) Place the pretreated pine wood in a steam blasting machine. First, introduce air to make the pressure reach 2.0 MPa, then introduce steam to make the temperature inside the steam blasting machine reach 200℃. Hold the pressure for 5 minutes, then depressurize instantly to complete the material blasting. Filter and collect the solids to obtain wood fiber material.

[0045] 3) Mix corn stalk crushed material, sheep manure, pig manure and EM inoculant. The mass ratio of corn stalk crushed material, sheep manure, pig manure and EM inoculant is 1:0.8:0.5:0.003. Ferment the mixture at 50℃ for 25 days. The moisture content of the mixture is 55%.

[0046] 4) Mix peat, fermented material, coconut coir, wood fiber material, perlite and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 30:10:20:20:10:10, adjust the pH of the mixture to 5.5 and control its moisture content to 40% to obtain the cultivation nutrient substrate.

[0047] Comparative Example 1

[0048] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a cultivation nutrient substrate, including the following steps:

[0049] 1) Crush the pine wood and place it in a steam blasting machine. First, introduce air to make the pressure reach 1.8MPa, then introduce steam to make the temperature inside the steam blasting machine reach 180℃. Hold the pressure for 5 minutes, then depressurize instantly to complete the material blasting. Filter and collect the solids to obtain wood fiber material.

[0050] 2) Mix corn stalk crushed material, sheep manure, pig manure and EM inoculant. The mass ratio of corn stalk crushed material, sheep manure, pig manure and EM inoculant is 1:0.8:0.5:0.002. Ferment the mixture at 50℃ for 15 days. The moisture content of the mixture is 55%.

[0051] 3) Mix peat, fermented material, coconut coir, wood fiber material, perlite and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 30:10:20:20:10:10, adjust the pH of the mixture to 5.5 and control its moisture content to 40% to obtain the cultivation nutrient substrate.

[0052] Comparative Example 2

[0053] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a cultivation nutrient substrate. The difference between this method and Example 1 is that in step 1), the pine wood is crushed, then placed in a reaction vessel, steam is introduced into the reaction vessel, and the mixture is left to stand for 2 hours. The temperature inside the reaction vessel is controlled at 100°C. After standing, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, and the pine wood is removed to obtain the pretreated pine wood.

[0054] Comparative Example 3

[0055] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a cultivation nutrient substrate. The difference between this method and Example 1 is that in step 2), the pretreated pine wood is placed in a steam blasting machine. First, steam is introduced to raise the temperature inside the steam blasting machine to 180°C. Then, air is introduced to raise the pressure to 1.8 MPa. The pressure is maintained for 5 minutes, and the pressure is reduced instantly to complete the material blasting. The solid is then filtered and collected to obtain wood fiber material.

[0056] Comparative Example 4

[0057] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a cultivation nutrient substrate. The difference between this method and Example 1 is that in step 1), the pine wood is crushed and then placed in a reaction vessel. An ethanol aqueous solution (the volume ratio of water to ethanol in the ethanol aqueous solution is 10:3) is added to the reaction vessel to impregnate the pine wood. The mixture is left to stand for 2 hours. After standing, the pine wood is removed to obtain the pretreated pine wood.

[0058] Test case

[0059] Eggplant seedlings were raised in greenhouse trays using the cultivation nutrient substrates prepared in the above embodiments or comparative examples (the same management measures were ensured during the seedling raising process). Commercially available eggplant seeds were sown, and only water was added during the seedling raising process, without adding nutrient solution. The germination rate of each tray was counted 7 days after sowing. Samples were taken 30 days after sowing, and growth indicators such as plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight of plants, and dry weight of plants were measured (average values). The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make other modifications based on the above embodiments, and the obvious modifications therefrom are still within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a cultivation nutrient substrate, characterized in that, The steps include the following: 1) Crush the pine wood and place it in a sealed device. Pass water vapor and ethanol gas into the sealed device and let it stand. After standing, cool it down and take out the pine wood to obtain the pretreated pine wood. 2) Place the pretreated pine wood in a steam blasting machine. First, introduce air to make the pressure reach 1.8-2.0 MPa, then introduce steam to make the temperature inside the steam blasting machine reach 180-200℃. Maintain the pressure, then carry out the blasting treatment, filter and collect the solids to obtain wood fiber material. 3) Mix corn stalk powder, sheep manure, pig manure and EM bacteria agent, and ferment the mixture to obtain fermented material; 4) Mix peat, fermented material, coconut coir, wood fiber material, perlite, and vermiculite to obtain the cultivation nutrient substrate; The volume ratio of water vapor to ethanol gas in the sealed device is controlled at 10:(2-5), and the temperature inside the sealed device is 95-100℃. The settling time in step 1) is 1-3 hours; The pressure holding time in step 2) is 1-10 minutes; The mass ratio of crushed corn stalks, sheep manure, pig manure, and EM inoculant is 1:(0.6-0.8):(0.3-0.6):(0.001-0.004). In step 4), the mass ratio of peat, fermented material, coconut coir, wood fiber material, perlite and vermiculite is 30:(8-12):(15-23):(15-23):(8-12):(8-12).

2. The method for preparing the cultivation nutrient substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3), the fermentation temperature is 45-55℃, the fermentation time is 10-30 days, and the moisture content in the mixture is 45-60%.

3. The method for preparing the cultivation nutrient substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4), the mass ratio of peat, fermentation material, coconut coir, wood fiber material, perlite and vermiculite is 30:10:20:20:10:

10.

4. The method for preparing the cultivation nutrient substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 2) After the pressure holding period ends, the pressure is reduced instantly to complete the material explosion; Step 4) also includes adjusting the pH of the mixture to 5-7 and controlling its moisture content to 35-42%.

5. The method for preparing the cultivation nutrient substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealed device is a reaction vessel.

6. A cultivation nutrient substrate, characterized in that, It is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-5.

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