Long workpiece machining tool and tool driving method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of machining technology, specifically to a long workpiece machining tool and tool driving method. The tool assembly includes a tool assembly and a spindle assembly. The spindle assembly includes a spindle component and a guide rail component. The tool assembly includes a cutter head component, which is slidably mounted on the spindle component and has circumferentially spaced tools. This invention, with multiple tools on the cutter head component, allows each tool to distribute the cutting force during long workpiece machining, effectively improving cutting stability, reducing elastic vibration deformation, and enabling the turning of internal holes in the workpiece. When machining the external structure of a long workpiece, the tools can be re-clamped without stopping machining to turn or mill the external surface of the workpiece. It eliminates the need for re-alignment and repeated tool position adjustments; a single clamping completes the machining of the entire long workpiece, effectively improving machining accuracy, coaxiality accuracy, and efficiency, and providing convenience for users.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machining technology, specifically to a long workpiece machining tool and a tool driving method. Background Technology

[0002] Long part machining generally refers to the machining process of workpieces (such as long shafts, long parts, long rods, long tubes, etc.) where the ratio of the length to the outer diameter of the workpiece is relatively large (generally greater than 6). The machining process usually requires high machining accuracy and surface quality. However, due to the large span of length dimensions, long part machining is prone to workpiece vibration or tool vibration during machining, which affects the machining quality. Ensuring the machining accuracy and surface quality of long parts machining is a difficult problem in the machining field.

[0003] Traditional workpiece cutting typically employs two machining methods: one involves rotating the cutting tool to machine a stationary workpiece, and the other involves rotating the workpiece while being machined by a stationary cutting tool. These existing methods have the following drawbacks that make them inconvenient for users: 1. Existing machining methods are limited by the dimensions of machine tool guideways, tool holders, and cutting tools, resulting in limited length and diameter for long parts. When machining long structures, different lengths of cutting tools are required for workpieces of different depths or lengths. This is especially true for non-continuous long structures with different diameters that require high coaxiality (such as hole structures, groove structures, and cross-section structures). During machining, multiple tool adjustments are required, which leads to low machining efficiency. Tool changes directly affect machining accuracy, and re-alignment is required after tool replacement, consuming tool alignment time.

[0004] 2. Traditionally, cutting tools used for machining long parts are mechanically fixed on a tool holder. After clamping, the tool is similar to a cantilever structure. When the workpiece or the tool is rotating at high speed, only the tip or cutting edge of the tool is in contact with the workpiece. Under cutting conditions, the tool body or tool holder is prone to slight elastic vibration deformation. Elastic vibration deformation directly affects the machining accuracy and will also generate huge machining noise.

[0005] 3. Since the cutting tool is mechanically fixed to the tool holder, the cutting force between the tool and the workpiece is not easy to control during the machining process. When the feed rate is large, it will aggravate the wear of the tool. Although a wider cutting edge can improve machining efficiency, it will also increase the chip force, causing slight elastic vibration and deformation, which will have an adverse effect on the machine tool and the cutting tool, directly affecting the machining accuracy. Tool wear will lead to tool replacement, which will also affect the machining efficiency. Since only the tip or cutting edge contacts the workpiece, the tool body is usually not worn or damaged, and the overall tool replacement cost is high.

[0006] To address the above shortcomings, we need to develop a long-part machining tool and tool driving method to meet the needs of a wide range of users. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned problems of existing machining methods, such as limited machining stroke length or depth, the need to change tools of different lengths for machining long parts at different length positions, low machining efficiency due to frequent tool changes, impact on machining accuracy after tool changes, the need for realignment after tool changes, tool elastic vibration deformation directly affecting machining accuracy, high overall tool replacement cost, and the need for multiple tool adjustments for complex long parts, the technical solution adopted by this invention is: A long workpiece machining tool includes a tool assembly and a spindle assembly for mounting the tool assembly. The spindle assembly includes a spindle member for supporting and moving the tool assembly, and the spindle member has a guide rail for limiting the direction of movement of the tool assembly. The tool assembly includes a tool head for machining long parts, the tool head is mounted on the spindle and can slide along the guide rail direction of the guide rail, the tool head has at least three retractable tools, the tools are circumferentially spaced around the axis of rotation of the spindle.

[0008] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, in order to improve the positioning accuracy of the tool extension, facilitate the restriction of the tool extension position, and improve the machining accuracy of long parts, the tool disc component has a tool disc cylinder for mounting the tool. After the tool is mounted on the tool disc cylinder, it forms a cylinder inner cavity that can accommodate liquid or gas. The tool can be directionally moved along the inner wall of the cylinder inner cavity. The cylinder inner cavity is equipped with a tool body limiting member for limiting the extension distance of the tool. The cylinder inner cavity is connected to the outside through the tool disc pipeline interface.

[0009] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, as a technical solution for achieving automated displacement of the cutter head component, the installation and debugging difficulty of the control part is reduced, the control cost is reduced, the drive structure is simplified, and the activity efficiency and movement accuracy of the cutter head component are improved. The spindle component has a piston cavity for mounting a magnetic piston. A magnetic component is installed on the cutter head component near the spindle component. The magnetic piston and the magnetic component form a magnetic coupling. When the magnetic piston moves along the piston cavity, the cutter head component is driven by the magnetic component.

[0010] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, to avoid affecting the pipeline connection when the spindle rotates and to reduce the torque effect on the hose when the spindle rotates, the spindle is equipped with a pipeline integration ring. The pipeline integration ring has a movable ring and a stationary ring. The movable ring is movably connected to the spindle, and the stationary ring is tightly connected to the spindle. There is an annular pipeline for liquid or gas to flow between the stationary ring and the movable ring. An external drive device is connected to the annular pipeline through the movable ring, and the cutter head is connected to the annular pipeline through the stationary ring.

[0011] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, in order to improve the positioning accuracy of the cutter head relative to the spindle, enhance the axial alignment accuracy during tool rotation, improve the machining accuracy of long parts, and simplify the difficulty of repeated positioning, a positioning cylinder is installed on the cutter head near the spindle. The positioning cylinder is equipped with a positioning pin that can extend and retract toward the guide rail. The guide rail has positioning holes for the positioning pin to extend into. Several positioning holes are spaced apart along the length of the guide rail. The positioning cylinder is connected to the outside through the cutter head pipeline interface.

[0012] To achieve automated machining of long parts and improve machining accuracy and efficiency, a tool driving method is proposed, applied to a machine tool equipped with a long part machining tool. The machine tool includes a control system capable of controlling the movement or positioning of a tool head, controlling tool extension and retraction, and controlling the rotation of a spindle or workpiece. The method includes: the control system can control the tool head to be in a moving state or a positioning state; in the moving state, the tool head moves along a guide rail to a machining position; in the positioning state, the tool head is restricted to a position on the guide rail; the control system can control the spindle motor to drive the spindle to rotate, or control the spindle motor to drive the workpiece to rotate; the control system can control the tool to be in an extended state; in the extended state, the tool extends relative to the tool head towards the workpiece, and the feed rate is controlled by the control system; the tool contacts the workpiece surface to perform cutting machining; the control system can control the tool to be in a retracted state; in the retracted state, the tool retracts relative to the tool head away from the workpiece, and the retraction amount is controlled by the control system; the tool leaves the workpiece surface to complete a single cutting operation.

[0013] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, in order to better realize automated long workpiece processing, improve the processing accuracy and efficiency of long workpieces, reduce the installation and debugging difficulty of the control part, reduce control costs, simplify the drive structure, and improve the efficiency and accuracy of the cutter head component, the method includes: the control system can use one of the following methods, such as mechanical transmission, magnetic coupling transmission, pneumatic drive, or hydraulic drive, to control the movement or positioning of the cutter head component, control the extension and retraction of the tool, and control the rotation of the spindle component or the workpiece.

[0014] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, in order to better realize automated long part processing, improve the processing accuracy and efficiency of long parts, reduce the installation and debugging difficulty of the control part, reduce control costs, simplify the drive structure, and improve the activity efficiency and accuracy of the cutter head, the spindle has a piston chamber for mounting a magnetic piston, the cutter head has a magnetic component for magnetically coupling the magnetic piston, the piston chamber is connected to the pneumatic device of the control system, and the method includes: the moving state is that the control system controls the pneumatic device to drive the magnetic piston to move along the piston chamber through air pressure changes and uses magnetic coupling to drive the cutter head to move.

[0015] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, in order to better realize automated long part processing, improve the processing accuracy and efficiency of long parts, reduce the installation and debugging difficulty of the control part, reduce control costs, simplify the drive structure, and improve the activity efficiency and accuracy of the cutter head component, the cutter head component has a retractable positioning pin and a positioning cylinder for installing the positioning pin, the spindle component has a positioning hole for the positioning pin to extend into, and the positioning cylinder is connected to the hydraulic device of the control system. The method includes: the positioning state is that the control system controls the hydraulic device to drive the positioning pin to extend into the positioning hole through oil pressure changes to limit the position of the cutter head component relative to the spindle component.

[0016] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, in order to better achieve automated long workpiece processing, improve the processing accuracy and efficiency of long workpieces, reduce the installation and debugging difficulty of the control unit, reduce control costs, simplify the drive structure, and improve the activity efficiency and accuracy of the cutter head component, the cutter head component has a cutter head cylinder for mounting the cutting tool, the cutter head cylinder is connected to the hydraulic device of the control system, and the method includes: the extended state is that the control system controls the hydraulic device to drive the cutting tool to move away from the center of the cutter head component through oil pressure changes; the retracted state is that the control system controls the hydraulic device to drive the cutting tool to move towards the center of the cutter head component through oil pressure changes.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention features at least three retractable cutting tools spaced circumferentially on a cutter head. When machining the internal structure of long parts, each tool can distribute the cutting force during cutting, effectively improving cutting stability and reducing elastic vibration deformation caused by cutting compared to a single tool. This ensures the cutting accuracy of long parts. The principle of three-point self-centering during cutting ensures the alignment accuracy of the cutting rotation line with the spindle rotation line, reducing tool deflection during cutting. Multiple cutter heads with different tool lengths can be used to machine internal holes of different diameters, enabling the turning of workpiece internal holes. This invention also addresses the machining of long parts. In the case of a workpiece rotating while the tool remains stationary, a single tool can be replaced by rotating the spindle to continue cutting after it wears out during the cutting process. The tool can be re-clamped without stopping the machining process, thus realizing the function of turning the outer surface of the workpiece. In another machining situation (i.e., the tool rotates while the workpiece remains stationary), multiple tools rotate around the spindle to form rotary cutting, thus realizing the function of milling the outer surface of the workpiece. There is no need to frequently change tools, no need to reassemble and reposition, and no need to adjust the tool position in multiple times. The machining of the entire long workpiece can be completed in a single clamping, which effectively improves the machining accuracy, coaxial accuracy and machining efficiency of long workpiece machining, and is convenient for users.

[0018] 2. The present invention can use hydraulically driven telescopic cutting to carry out cutting. The telescopic movement of the tool is affected by the flexible support of the hydraulic device, which can absorb some of the mechanical vibration. When subjected to abnormal processing forces, it can reduce the damage to the tool, reduce the elastic vibration deformation generated by the cutting process, improve the processing accuracy, and reduce the production cost.

[0019] 3. This invention allows for the installation of multiple tool discs on the spindle, enabling the use of multiple tool discs to process the same workpiece position or different workpiece positions. This allows for processing of the same or different processing positions, with single clamping sufficient for machining. It effectively ensures the overall coaxiality requirements of long workpiece structures and avoids the impact of repeated tool adjustments and disassemblies on tool changes, tool setting, and other errors, as well as the resulting reference errors, on the final machining error.

[0020] 4. The two ends of the spindle component in the present invention are respectively mounted on the machine tool along the length direction. Both ends of the spindle component have the effect of external force support, forming a simply supported beam structure. Compared with the cantilever beam structure of existing tool clamping, both ends of the spindle component are supported by force, which provides a stable foundation for anti-vibration and vibration reduction for long part processing. When actually cutting the internal hole structure, the principle of three points self-determining the center can be used to form a balanced force on the circumference of the tool head component, further improving the overall anti-vibration and vibration reduction stability effect.

[0021] 5. This invention uses a magnetic piston inside the spindle to drive the cutter head to move axially along the spindle. The movement of the magnetic piston is controlled by a pneumatic device, eliminating the need for a large number of drive structures to extend into the workpiece. This simplifies the driving method for tool movement and solves the problem of adjusting the workpiece position or changing the tool due to the workpiece size during the machining of long parts. It uses pneumatic principles and magnetic coupling to achieve air-to-ground movement of the tool, reducing physical connections and simplifying the complexity of the structural design. It can adapt to the machining of different workpiece depths or different workpiece hole diameters.

[0022] 6. This invention utilizes a pipe integration ring on the spindle to optimize the stability of pipe connections. By dividing the pipe integration ring into a movable ring and a stationary ring, the movable ring reduces the torsional effect of the rotational force on the external hose of the spindle during high-speed rotation, preventing the hose from bending, breaking, blocking, or tangling due to rotation. The stationary ring, installed on the spindle, ensures the connection stability of the external hose to the spindle during high-speed rotation, preventing the hose from failing to keep up with the rotation speed of the cutter head or rotating out of sync. This improves the connection stability of the inner and outer hoses, contributing to smooth and stable pipe connectivity. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of a long workpiece machining tool according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a second schematic diagram of the structure of a long workpiece machining tool according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 2 CC section magnified view.

[0026] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A magnified view of D.

[0027] Figure 5 for Figure 3 The E-magnified view.

[0028] Figure 6 for Figure 3 The F-magnified view.

[0029] Figure 7 The third schematic diagram is of the cutting tool of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 8 The fourth schematic diagram is of the cutting tool of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 9 This is the fifth schematic diagram of the structure of a long workpiece machining tool and control system according to the present invention.

[0032] Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a long workpiece machining tool and control system according to the present invention.

[0033] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the steps of the tool driving method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] Example 1: like Figures 1 to 8 The illustrated long workpiece machining tool includes a tool assembly 200 and a spindle assembly 100 for mounting the tool assembly 200. The spindle assembly 100 includes a spindle member 11 for supporting and moving the tool assembly 200. The spindle member 11 has a guide rail member 111 (integratedly formed on the outer side of the spindle member 11) for limiting the directional movement of the tool assembly 200. The spindle member 11 is a spindle body for mounting the tool assembly 200 and performing rotary cutting. The spindle body is cylindrical in shape to facilitate better mounting on a machine tool. Taking the machining of an internal hole structure as an example, after the spindle 11, along with the tool assembly 200, extends into the internal hole structure of the workpiece, the spindle 11 is mounted on the machine tool and driven by the machine tool to rotate and drive the tool assembly 200 to perform the machining steps. The guide rail 111 is a sliding linear guide rail set on the outer surface of the spindle 11 to limit the directional movement of the tool assembly 200. In use, the machine tool drives the tool assembly 200 to move forward or backward along the guide rail 111 toward the spindle 11. The tool assembly 200 and the guide rail 111 are slidably connected. More specifically, the tool assembly 200 includes a tool disc 201 for machining long parts. The tool disc 201 is mounted on the outer wall of the spindle 11 and is slidably connected to the guide rail 111. The tool body 21 of the tool disc 201 has a guide rail limiting port that matches the outer contour of the guide rail 111. The spindle 11 can be provided with two or more parallel guide rails 111. The tool body 21 has a corresponding number of guide rail limiting ports at the corresponding positions of the guide rails 111, which makes the sliding of the tool disc 201 more stable and the support force of the spindle 11 more stable. In use, the tool disc 201 is driven by a machine tool (which can use one of the following methods: mechanical transmission, magnetic coupling transmission, pneumatic drive or hydraulic drive) to slide forward or backward relative to the spindle 11 along the extension direction of the guide rail 111, so as to realize the flexibility of the tool disc 201 in machining.

[0036] More specifically, the cutter head assembly 201 has at least three retractable cutters 24, which are circumferentially spaced around the rotation axis of the spindle assembly 11. Each cutter 24 is driven by a machine tool (which may employ one of the following methods: mechanical transmission, magnetic coupling transmission, pneumatic drive, or hydraulic drive) to extend and retract in a unified manner. This allows the cutter 24 to extend from the cutter head assembly 201 toward the workpiece surface. When the cutting portion of the cutter 24 contacts the workpiece surface, it is driven by the machine tool to push into the workpiece and perform cutting on the workpiece surface. After the machining is completed, the machine tool drives the cutters 24 to retract toward the center of the cutter head assembly 201. Finally, the machine tool drives the cutter head assembly 201 to move and exit to a position close to the outside of the workpiece. After disassembling the spindle assembly 100 and the cutter assembly 200, the workpiece can be disassembled or replaced to prepare for the machining of the next workpiece.

[0037] As another embodiment of Example 1, when machining the outer surface structure of a long workpiece (i.e., the workpiece is stationary while the tool rotates), the spindle 11 can be installed on the machine tool near the workpiece, so that the guide rail 111 of the spindle 11 is parallel to the workpiece surface, and the machine tool drives the spindle 11 to rotate and drive the tool assembly 200 to perform the machining steps.

[0038] As another embodiment of Example 1, when machining the outer surface structure of a long workpiece (i.e., the workpiece rotates while the tool remains stationary), the spindle 11 can be installed on the machine tool near the workpiece, so that the guide rail 111 of the spindle 11 is parallel to the workpiece surface, and the machine tool drives the tool assembly 200 to move and perform machining steps.

[0039] As another embodiment 101 of embodiment 1, such as Figures 1 to 8 The tool assembly 200 shown includes several tool discs 201 mounted on a spindle 11. Each tool disc 201 is equipped with at least three retractable tools 24. The outer diameter of the cutting tip 241 of the tool 24 after it extends to its maximum stroke is the maximum machining outer diameter. In this embodiment, each tool disc 201 has the same maximum machining outer diameter. By adopting a structure with the same maximum machining outer diameter, the depth of cut at the machining position can be uniform. Compared with a single tool disc 201, multiple tool discs 201 with the same maximum machining outer diameter can simultaneously machine multiple hole structures at different positions, thereby increasing the cutting speed and improving the cutting efficiency. Moreover, during the machining of the hole structure, the three tool discs contact the workpiece simultaneously to perform cutting, which is more stable than cutting with a single tool disc 201 and is more convenient for users.

[0040] As another embodiment 102 of embodiment 1, such as Figure 10The tool assembly 200 shown includes several tool discs 201 mounted on a spindle 11. Each tool disc 201 is equipped with at least three retractable tools 24. The outer diameter of the cutting tip 241 of the tool 24 after it extends to its maximum stroke is the maximum machining outer diameter. In this embodiment, the maximum machining outer diameter of each tool disc 201 is different. Compared with a single tool disc 201, multiple tool discs 201 with different maximum machining outer diameters can simultaneously machine multiple internal hole structures or external surface structures with different shaft diameters and positions. This makes it suitable for machining more complex long parts. Machining can be completed in a single clamping without disassembling the tool and workpiece, effectively ensuring the coaxiality of the long part structure, speeding up the cutting speed, improving cutting efficiency, providing machining accuracy, and facilitating user operation.

[0041] As another embodiment 103 of embodiment 1, such as Figure 2 The long workpiece machining tool shown in this embodiment has a detachable split structure for the spindle 11. The spindle 11 can be divided into at least two split shaft segments. More specifically, taking the two-segment split shaft segment as an example, the spindle 11 is divided into a first shaft segment A and a second shaft segment B. Each independent shaft segment has a shaft segment connection part for connecting with each other and a machine tool connection part for connecting with the machine tool. More specifically, the end of the first shaft segment A near the second shaft segment B is the first connecting part 11.1, and the end of the first shaft segment A away from the second shaft segment B is the machine tool connecting part. The end of the second shaft segment B near the first shaft segment A is the second connecting part 11.2, and the end of the second shaft segment B away from the first shaft segment A is the machine tool connecting part. Taking the machining of an internal hole structure as an example, the first connecting part 11.1 of the first shaft segment A extends into the internal hole structure of the long piece from one side, and the second connecting part 11.2 of the second shaft segment B extends into the internal hole structure of the long piece from the other side. The first connecting part 11.1 and the second connecting part 11.2 are detachably connected (one of the following connection methods can be used: threaded connection, snap-fit ​​connection, magnetic connection, friction plug-in connection, etc.) so that the first shaft segment A and the second shaft segment B form a complete and stable spindle 11, which facilitates subsequent machining. When machining the external surface structure, the first shaft segment A and the second shaft segment B can be directly detachably connected outside the workpiece.

[0042] As another embodiment 104 of embodiment 1, such as Figures 1 to 2The long workpiece machining tool shown in this embodiment has a first spindle support 14 and a second spindle support 15 respectively installed on both ends of the spindle 11 on the machine tool. The spindle support serves as a transition component between the spindle 11 and the machine tool. One of the first spindle support 14 and the second spindle support 15 is installed in the machine tool's power output device, and the other is installed in the machine tool's spindle clamping mechanism. This transition between the first spindle support 14 and the second spindle support 15 and the machine tool facilitates better clamping and driving of the spindle 11 by the machine tool, and also allows for better support of the spindle 11 and the machine tool's spindle. Component 15 adjusts the coincidence of the central axis of the spindle component 11 with the machining axis of the inner hole structure of the workpiece, so that the installation of the spindle assembly meets the coaxiality requirements of the workpiece machining, improving machining accuracy and clamping accuracy. When the machine tool clamps, it holds the first spindle support component 14 and the second spindle support component 15, avoiding the machine tool directly clamping the spindle component 11, which may cause clamping loss or deformation of the spindle component 11, thus improving the durability of the spindle component 11. The spindle component 11 can also be adapted to machine tools with different clamping structures by replacing the first spindle support component 14 and the second spindle support component 15, improving the practicality and adaptability of the spindle assembly 100, reducing the installation difficulty of the spindle component 11, and improving the clamping efficiency of the spindle component 11.

[0043] As another embodiment 105 of embodiment 1, the spindle 11 is equipped with a guide rail 111 for limiting the movement direction of the tool assembly 200. In this embodiment, the guide rail 111 is installed on the outside of the spindle 11 (not shown) by fasteners (such as screws, bolts, etc.), so that the guide rail 111 is detachable and convenient for users to replace it regularly to ensure the sliding accuracy of the tool head 201, and also convenient for users to adjust the installation position of the guide rail 111.

[0044] Example 2: Based on any of the above embodiments, such as Figure 3 and Figure 5The cutter head assembly 201 shown has a cutter head cylinder 23 for mounting a cutter 24. The cylinder 23 has a hollow, through-hole inner cavity 231 in its center. The cutter 24 is mounted inside the inner cavity 231, forming a movable space between the cutter 24 and the inner cavity 231 that can accommodate liquid or gas. This movable space is connected to a cutter head pipe interface 211 located on the outer surface of the cutter head assembly 201 via an internal piping structure. An external drive device can connect to the inner cavity 231 through the cutter head pipe interface 211. The tool 24 is extended or retracted by pressure through the injection of liquid or gas. The tool 24 includes a tip 241 and a body 242. The tip 241 is used to contact and cut the surface material of the workpiece, and the body 242 is used to allow the tool 24 to extend or retract in a directional manner. The body 242 and the inner cavity 231 of the cylinder are connected by a sliding fit. In use, the body 242 is driven by the machine tool (which can be mechanical transmission, pneumatic drive or hydraulic drive) to extend and retract the tool 24, thereby achieving the extension and retraction effect of the tool.

[0045] More specifically, the inner cavity 231 of the cutter head cylinder 23 is equipped with a tool body limiting member 25 for limiting the extension distance of the tool 24. When the tool 24 extends, it is driven by the machine tool and moves to the position where the tool body 242 touches the tool body limiting member 25, and then stops extending. By limiting the extension distance of the tool 24 by the tool body limiting member 25, the maximum machining outer diameter of the tool tip 241 can be limited. That is, the final workpiece machining structure is determined by the tool body limiting member 25. The user can adjust the installation of the tool body limiting member 25 in the inner cavity 231 of the cylinder according to the actual machining position. At position 31, for long structures with different machining positions, the user can adjust the position of the tool body limiting member 25 corresponding to the machining position of multiple tool discs 201. Taking the machining of an inner hole structure as an example, the tool body limiting member 25 restricts the extension distance of the tool 24, eliminating the need for manual interruption of machining to reach into the long structure for measurement. The final machining and forming can be completed based on the positioning of the tool body limiting member 25, improving machining efficiency, simplifying machining calibration steps, and avoiding the difficulty for users to enter the interior to measure and calibrate machining dimensions during the machining of inner holes of long parts, making it convenient for users.

[0046] As another embodiment 201 of embodiment 2, such as Figures 7 to 8 The long workpiece machining tool shown in this embodiment has a cutting tip 241 that is detachably connected to the tool body 242. The cutting tip 241 is an independent part of the tool body 242, and the volume of the cutting tip 241 is smaller than that of the tool body 242. Based on this, the cutting tip 241 can be made of a hard material suitable for machining (such as cemented carbide or hard ceramic), while the tool body 242 only needs to be made of a material that meets the requirements of good rigidity, good strength and good vibration resistance. This reduces the use of hard materials, reduces the manufacturing and maintenance costs of the tool 24, and thus reduces production costs. More specifically, the tip 241 can be detachably connected to the body 242 using a fastener 243 (such as a snap fastener, a reverse thread, a twist thread, a bolt, a screw, etc.). The tip 241 has a tip limiting hole 2411 through which the fastener 243 passes. The tip limiting hole 2411 has a hollow through-hole structure. The body 242 has a corresponding body fastening hole 2421. The inner wall of the fastening hole 2421 has a fastening structure (such as a snap fastener, a twist thread, a reverse thread, or a thread) that is connected to the fastener 243, so that the user can easily disassemble, install, and replace the tool 24 when maintaining it. More specifically, such as Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the blade tip 241 can be mounted on the top of the blade body 242 (i.e., Figure 7 The mounting position shown, or mounted on the side of the blade section 242 (i.e. Figure 8 (As shown in the installation position), users can choose different installation structures and installation positions according to actual processing needs. Preferably, the following is selected: Figure 8 The installation structure shown is better in terms of cutting force and cutting vibration resistance, reducing elastic vibration deformation generated during the cutting process, which is beneficial to improving cutting accuracy.

[0047] As another embodiment 202 of embodiment 201, the blade portion 242 has a blade tip limiting structure (not shown) for limiting the installation position of the blade tip portion 241. The lateral contact surface of the blade tip limiting structure for contacting the blade tip portion 241 is inclined relative to the blade tip mounting plane where the blade fastening hole 2421 is located, opening from the bottom to the outside, which can better limit the installation position of the blade tip portion 241.

[0048] Example 3: Based on any of the above embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 3The long workpiece machining tool shown has a spindle 11 with a piston chamber 113 for mounting a magnetic piston 12. The magnetic piston 12 is a magnetic piston component, and its outer diameter is slidably connected to the piston chamber 113. A magnetic component 22 is mounted on the cutter head 201 near the spindle 11. The magnetic component 22 is also a magnetic fixing component with magnetic force and is fixedly connected to the cutter head 201 near the spindle 11. The magnetic piston 12 and the magnetic component 22 form a magnetic coupling. The magnetic coupling is achieved by using different magnetic poles to achieve mutual magnetic attraction. In this embodiment, the spindle 11 can be made of a non-magnetic material to avoid affecting the magnetic coupling effect between the magnetic component 22 and the magnetic piston 12. When the magnetic component 22 and the magnetic piston 12 approach each other and enter each other's magnetic influence range, magnetic coupling is formed by the magnetic attraction of opposite poles. When the magnetic piston 12 moves, the magnetic coupling drives the cutter head 201 to move through the magnetic component 22.

[0049] More specifically, in this embodiment, an external driving device is used to drive the magnetic piston 12 to move within the piston chamber 113. This external driving device can be a pneumatic device 300 (which may be a pneumatic pump, pneumatic cylinder, or similar device) or a hydraulic device 400 (which may be a hydraulic pump, hydraulic cylinder, or similar device). The pneumatic device 300 is a gas-driven device that uses compressed gas and pressure difference to change the gas flow direction for directional driving. The hydraulic device 400 is a liquid-driven device that uses hydraulic oil and pressure difference to change the liquid flow direction for directional driving. When gas or liquid is input into the piston chamber 113, the magnetic piston 12 is pushed to move within the piston chamber 113 by the effect of air pressure or oil pressure. Taking pneumatic driving as an example, during use, the pneumatic device 300 is connected to the piston chamber 113 through the air pipe 31, and the cutter head component 201 is installed... On the guide rail 111 outside the spindle 11, a magnetic piston 12 is installed in the piston chamber 113 inside the spindle 11. The cutter head 201 is installed near the magnetic piston 12, so that the magnetic piston 12 and the magnetic component 22 form a magnetic coupling. The pneumatic device 300 can connect different piston chambers 113 from both ends of the spindle 11 through the air pipe 31 (after the magnetic piston 12 is installed in the piston chamber 113, it forms a first piston chamber and a second piston chamber that are not connected on both sides inside the spindle 11). The pneumatic device 300 inputs or extracts gas from the piston chamber 113, and uses the gas and air pressure to drive the magnetic piston 12 to move axially along the piston chamber 113 toward the spindle 11. When the magnetic piston 12 moves, it uses magnetic coupling to drive the cutter head 201 to move on the guide rail 111 through the magnetic component 22. The hydraulic drive works in the same way.

[0050] Example 4: Based on any of the above embodiments, to further enhance the precise positioning and machining stability of the limiting cutter head component 201 on the spindle component 11, such as... Figures 1 to 3 as well as Figure 6 and Figure 9 The tool shown is a long workpiece machining tool. A positioning cylinder 26 is installed on the tool disc 201 near the spindle 11. The positioning cylinder 26 is equipped with a positioning pin 261 that can extend and retract toward the guide rail 111. The guide rail 111 has a positioning hole 112 for the positioning pin 261 to extend into. The end of the positioning pin 261 near the positioning hole 112 is a conical pin head. The positioning hole 112 is a conical cavity that fits and connects to the conical pin head. The self-centering effect of the conical fit improves the positioning accuracy. Several positioning holes 112 are spaced apart along the length of the guide rail 111. The positioning cylinder 26 is connected to the outside through the tool disc pipeline interface 211.

[0051] More specifically, in this embodiment, an external drive device is used to drive the positioning pin 261 to move within the positioning cylinder 26. This external drive device can be a pneumatic device 300 (which may be a pneumatic pump, pneumatic cylinder, or similar device) or a hydraulic device 400 (which may be a hydraulic pump, hydraulic cylinder, or similar device). The pneumatic device 300 is a gas-driven device that uses compressed gas and pressure difference to change the gas flow direction for directional drive. The hydraulic device 400 is a liquid-driven device that uses hydraulic oil and pressure difference to change the liquid flow direction for directional drive. When gas or liquid is input into the positioning cylinder 26, the effect of air pressure or oil pressure pushes the positioning pin 261 to move within the positioning cylinder 26, thus moving the positioning pin within the positioning cylinder 26. Taking pressure drive as an example, when the cutter head 201 stops moving and enters the positioning state, the hydraulic device 400 outputs hydraulic oil through the cutter head pipeline interface 211 into the positioning cylinder 26. The oil pressure pushes against the positioning pin 261 extending into the positioning hole 112 to restrict the position of the cutter head 201 on the spindle 11. The same applies to pneumatic drive. On this basis, multiple positioning pins 261 are inserted into the positioning hole 112 respectively, which can further enhance the machining stability of the cutter head 201. Positioning with three or more positioning pins 261 can also improve the coaxiality of the central axis of the cutter head 201 and the central axis of the spindle 11 by utilizing the principle of three points self-determining the center, which helps to improve the stability and accuracy of subsequent long part machining.

[0052] Example 5: Based on any of the above embodiments, in order to solve the problem that the hose of the external drive device is easily entangled in the spindle 11, workpiece 700, and cutter head 201, leading to machining accidents, such as Figures 1 to 4 as well as Figure 9The long workpiece machining tool shown has a spindle 11 equipped with a pipe integration ring 13 for connecting a hose to an external drive device and a tool head 201. The hose can be an air pipe 31 or an oil pipe 41. The pipe integration ring 13 has a movable ring 131 and a stationary ring 132. The movable ring 131 is movably connected to the spindle 11, and the stationary ring 132 is tightly connected to the spindle 11. The movable ring 131 can rotate flexibly relative to the spindle 11. The movable ring 131 and the spindle 11 are connected by rollers (which can be needle rollers, ball rollers, etc.) to reduce friction. The stationary ring 132 is tightly connected to the surface of the spindle 11 (with interference fit or snap fit) so that the spindle 11 can drive the stationary ring 132 to rotate synchronously when it rotates. More specifically, there is an annular pipe 133 between the stationary ring 132 and the moving ring 131 for the flow of liquid or gas. The hose of the external drive device is connected to the annular oil pipe inlet G of the moving ring 131, and the hose of the cutter head 201 is connected to the annular oil pipe outlet H of the stationary ring 132. The annular oil pipe inlet G and the annular oil pipe outlet H are respectively connected to the annular pipe 133. Taking hydraulic drive as an example, during use, the hydraulic oil of the hydraulic device 400 enters the annular pipe 133 from the annular oil pipe inlet G through the oil pipe 41, and then flows from the annular pipe 133 through the annular oil pipe outlet H and the oil pipe 41. Entering the cutter head component 201, the pipeline is connected. The reverse flow of hydraulic oil is similar. When the spindle component 11 rotates, the movable ring 131 moves relative to the spindle component 11 using rollers, so that the oil pipe 41 connected to the hydraulic device 400 is not affected by the rotation and thus does not twist or entangle. The stationary ring 132 keeps rotating synchronously with the spindle component 11, so that the oil pipe 41 connected to the cutter head component 201 can remain stationary relative to the spindle component 11 and the cutter head component 201. The same applies to the pneumatic drive, which is not affected by the rotation and thus does not twist or entangle. This achieves flexible connection of the pipeline during the rotation process, which is convenient for users.

[0053] Example 6: like Figures 1 to 11 The tool driving method shown is applied to a machine tool equipped with a long workpiece machining tool. The machine tool includes a control system capable of controlling the movement or positioning of the tool head 201, controlling the extension and retraction of the tool 24, and controlling the rotation of the spindle 11 or the workpiece. The method includes: S1. The control system can control the tool disc component 201 to be in a moving state or a positioning state. In the moving state, the tool disc component 201 moves along the guide rail component 111 to the machining position. In the positioning state, the tool disc component 201 is restricted to the position on the guide rail component 111. S2. The control system can control the spindle motor 600 to drive the spindle component 11 to rotate, or control the spindle motor 600 to drive the workpiece to rotate. S3. The control system can control the tool 24 to be in the extended state. In the extended state, the tool 24 extends relative to the cutter head 201 toward the workpiece and the feed rate is controlled by the control system. The tool 24 contacts the workpiece surface to perform cutting operations on the workpiece. S4. The control system can control the tool 24 to be in the retracted state. In the retracted state, the tool 24 retracts relative to the tool head 201 in a direction away from the workpiece and the retraction amount is controlled by the control system. The tool 24 leaves the workpiece surface to complete a single cutting operation.

[0054] More specifically, in order to better automate the cutting, depth of cut, tool feed movement, tool retraction movement, and idle tool movement operations during the long workpiece machining process, the machine tool control system includes a control module 500 with logic operation capabilities for controlling various motion units (such as movement, chip removal, measurement, workpiece loading and unloading, clamping, etc.). The control module 500 is uniformly managed and controlled by the control unit 51 (which can be a computer, PLC, or microcontroller, etc.) to operate or start and stop the devices and equipment in the long workpiece machining process, so as to realize the automated production of long workpiece machining. A display unit 52 (which can be a display screen or touch screen) can also be added to intuitively display the machining status. Before processing, the control module 500 (which can use one of the following methods: mechanical transmission, magnetic coupling transmission, pneumatic drive, or hydraulic drive) controls the movement or positioning of the cutter head 201, the extension and retraction of the tool 24, and the rotation of the spindle 11 or the workpiece. Taking the spindle motor 600 driving the spindle 11 to rotate as an example, the control module 500 controls the spindle motor 600 to drive the spindle 11 to rotate through the output end (or through one of the following methods: belt drive, gear drive, etc.). The control module 500 (which can use one of the following methods: mechanical transmission, pneumatic drive, or hydraulic drive) controls the tool 24 to extend away from the center of the cutter head 201 (i.e., in the extended state). When the tool 24 contacts the surface of the long workpiece, it is affected by the rotation of the spindle 11 and drives the tool 24 to rotate and perform cutting on the workpiece. After the processing is completed, the control module 500 controls the tool 24 to detach from the workpiece and retract to the cutter head 201. The control module 500 then drives the cutter head 201 to the next processing position until all processing positions of the long workpiece are completed.

[0055] More specifically, after processing is completed, the control module 500 executes a retraction command, controlling the tool 24 to retract the tool head component 201 (i.e., in the retracted state), controlling the spindle motor 600 to stop the rotation of the spindle component 11, and controlling the tool head component 201 to move towards the workpiece in the direction of the outside (i.e., in the moving state). After the tool head component 201 moves along the guide rail component 111 to the initial position, the processing ends. The user can then remove the spindle component 11 to easily remove the processed workpiece 700 from the machine tool, or replace the workpiece 700 and reinstall the unprocessed workpiece to prepare for the next long workpiece processing.

[0056] As another embodiment 601 of embodiment 6, the spindle motor 600 in this embodiment is used to drive the workpiece 700 to rotate. At this time, the long workpiece machining tool is stably mounted on the machine tool. The control module 500 controls the spindle motor 600 to drive the workpiece 700 to rotate through the output end (or by belt drive, gear drive, or other means). The control module 500 controls the long workpiece machining tool to move or feed to perform machining on the workpiece 700.

[0057] As another embodiment 602 of embodiment 6, the spindle 11 of this embodiment has a piston chamber 113 for mounting a magnetic piston 12, and the cutter head 201 has a magnetic element 22 for magnetically coupling the magnetic piston 12. The piston chamber 113 is connected to a pneumatic device 300 of the control system. The method includes: in the movement state, the control system controls the pneumatic device 300 to drive the magnetic piston 12 to move along the piston chamber 113 by changing the air pressure and to drive the cutter head 201 to move by using magnetic coupling. The movement of the magnetic piston 12 is driven by air pressure, so there is no need to worry about oil leakage during use, ensuring a clean environment. The purchase cost of the pneumatic device 300 is lower than that of the hydraulic device 400. Moreover, the medium input to the piston chamber 113 by the pneumatic device 300 is gas. Gas is lightweight, which can reduce the load on the spindle 11 compared with the hydraulic drive method, making it easier to achieve more flexible and efficient movement.

[0058] As another embodiment 603 of embodiment 602, this embodiment can also use hydraulic drive to move the magnetic piston 12, which improves the driving force in use and can drive the magnetic piston 12 and the cutter head 201 with a larger volume or greater weight. Since the compressibility coefficient of hydraulic oil is less than that of gas, the movement accuracy of hydraulic drive is higher than that of pneumatic drive, and the transmission is more stable.

[0059] As another embodiment 604 of embodiment 6, the cutter head component 201 of this embodiment has a retractable positioning pin 261 and a positioning cylinder 26 for mounting the positioning pin 261. The spindle component 11 has a positioning hole 112 for the positioning pin 261 to extend into. The positioning cylinder 26 is connected to the hydraulic device 400 of the control system. The method includes: in the positioning state, the control system controls the hydraulic device 400 to drive the positioning pin 261 to extend into the positioning hole 112 through oil pressure changes to limit the position of the cutter head component 201 relative to the spindle component 11. In this embodiment, the movement of the positioning pin 261 is driven by hydraulic pressure, which improves the driving force in use. Since the compressibility coefficient of hydraulic oil is less than that of gas, it can stabilize the extension of the positioning pin 261, so that the positioning pin 261 will not easily loosen from the positioning hole 112.

[0060] As another embodiment 605 of embodiment 604, this embodiment can also use pneumatic drive to move the positioning pin 261. The response efficiency and moving speed of pneumatic drive are higher than those of hydraulic drive, and the positioning pin 261 can be quickly extended or retracted, improving the efficiency of locking and unlocking positions.

[0061] As another embodiment 606 of embodiment 6, the cutter head component 201 of this embodiment has a cutter head cylinder 23 for mounting the cutter 24. The cutter head cylinder 23 is connected to the hydraulic device 400 of the control system. The method includes: in the extended state, the control system controls the hydraulic device 400 to drive the cutter 24 to move away from the center of the cutter head component 201 through oil pressure changes; in the retracted state, the control system controls the hydraulic device 400 to drive the cutter 24 to move closer to the center of the cutter head component 201 through oil pressure changes. In this embodiment, the movement of the cutter 24 is driven by hydraulic pressure. Cutting is carried out by hydraulically driven extension and retraction. The extension and retraction of the cutter 24 is affected by the flexible support of the hydraulic oil, which can absorb some of the mechanical vibration. When subjected to abnormal processing forces, it can reduce the damage to the cutter 24, reduce the elastic vibration deformation generated by the cutting process, and reduce production costs. At the same time, the driving force of hydraulic drive is greater and more stable than that of pneumatic drive, which can improve the machining accuracy.

[0062] As another embodiment 607 of embodiment 606, this embodiment can also use pneumatic drive to move the tool 24. Gas is also a flexible support, and the compressibility coefficient of gas is greater than that of liquid, so it can withstand more mechanical vibration. In addition, the purchase cost of pneumatic device 300 is lower than that of hydraulic device 400, and it can be applied to rough machining of long parts or workpieces made of soft materials.

[0063] Example 7: like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the specific implementation method for machining the inner hole structure of a long part is as follows: In this embodiment, two or more cutter heads 201 are mounted on the outside of the spindle 11. Each cutter head 201 is connected to the others by an oil pipe 41. Two or more magnetic pistons 12 are mounted on the inside of the spindle 11. Each magnetic piston 12 is precisely separated by a positioning separator 121.

[0064] Assembly step a: During assembly, the magnetic piston 12 is inserted into the piston chamber 113 of the spindle assembly 11. The cutter head assembly 201 is installed on the guide rail assembly 111 of the spindle assembly 11 at the position corresponding to the magnetic piston 12, so that each guide rail assembly 111 is installed in the guide rail assembly 111 mounting port of the cutter head body 21. The protruding direction of the positioning pin 261 faces the side of the guide rail assembly 111 with the positioning hole 112. The pipeline integration ring 13 is installed on the outer surface of the spindle assembly 11. The hydraulic device 400 is connected to the pipeline integration ring 13 through the oil pipe 41. The pipeline integration ring 13 is connected to the oil pipe 41. Pipe 41 connects to the cutter head component 201, and then the first spindle support component 14 is installed at the end of the first shaft segment A away from the first connecting part 11.1, and the second spindle support component 15 is installed at the end of the second shaft segment B away from the second connecting part 11.2. One of the air inlet and air outlet of the pneumatic device 300 is connected to the piston chamber 113 of the first shaft segment A away from the first connecting part 11.1 through the air pipe 31, and the other of the air inlet and air outlet of the pneumatic device 300 is connected to the piston chamber 113 of the second shaft segment B away from the second connecting part 11.2 through the air pipe 31.

[0065] Assembly step b: Before processing, the workpiece 700 with the long structure is clamped on the machine tool fixture. One end of the first shaft segment A with the first connecting part 11.1 is inserted into the inner hole structure of the long part from one side of the workpiece 700. Then, one end of the second shaft segment B with the second connecting part 11.2 is inserted into the inner hole structure of the long part from the other side of the workpiece 700. The first connecting part 11.1 and the second connecting part 11.2 are connected to form a complete spindle 11. One of the first spindle support 14 and the second spindle support 15 is limited and connected to the spindle motor 600 so that the output end of the spindle motor 600 can drive the spindle 11 to rotate. The other of the first spindle support 14 and the second spindle support 15 is limited and connected to the machine tool so that the spindle 11 and the workpiece 700 are coaxial. Alternatively, the position of the spindle support on the machine tool can be adjusted so that the spindle 11 and the workpiece 700 are coaxial.

[0066] Assembly step c: The control module 500 is electrically connected to the pneumatic device 300, the hydraulic device 400 and the spindle motor 600 respectively to centrally control the orderly operation of each motion module, and to check whether all air pipes 31 and oil pipes 41 are tightly connected and unobstructed to avoid accidents such as air leakage and oil leakage during processing.

[0067] Processing step d: During processing, the control unit 51 controls the pneumatic device 300 to start and output compressed gas, which is input into one piston chamber 113 through the air pipe 31. At the same time, the control unit 51 controls the pneumatic device 300 to return the compressed gas in the other piston chamber 113, so that the magnetic piston 12 moves along the cavity wall of the piston chamber 113 toward the processing direction, that is, the direction of extending into the inner hole structure of the long part. Under the action of magnetic coupling, the magnetic piston 12 drives the cutter head 201 to move linearly along the guide rail 111. When the cutter head 201 moves to the preset position, the control unit 51 controls the pneumatic device 300 to stop and starts the hydraulic device 400. Control unit 51 controls hydraulic device 400 to output hydraulic oil and flow to pipeline integrated ring 13 via oil pipe 41. Hydraulic oil enters annular pipeline 133 from the inlet of annular oil pipe 41 of stationary ring 132, and then flows to cutter head 201 from annular pipeline 133 via annular oil pipe 41 of movable ring 131. Hydraulic oil enters positioning cylinder 26 from cutter head pipeline interface 211. Positioning pin 261 is pushed out towards guide rail 111 and extends into positioning hole 112 under the action of hydraulic oil pressure, so that cutter head 201 is connected to guide rail 111 to realize the positioning of cutter 24. Control unit 51 starts spindle motor 600, and the output of spindle motor 600 drives spindle component 11 to rotate. Spindle component 11 drives cutter head component 201 and movable ring 131 to rotate. When movable ring 131 rotates, stationary ring 132 can slide circumferentially relative to spindle component 11 through roller 134, avoiding damage to oil pipe 41 between stationary ring 132 and hydraulic device 400 due to rotation of stationary ring 132, which would affect pipeline delivery. When cutter head component 201 rotates, cutter 24 rotates circumferentially around the central axis of spindle component 11. Control unit 51 controls hydraulic device 400 to output hydraulic oil and flow to cutter head pipe interface 211 through pipe integrated ring 13. Hydraulic oil enters cutter head cylinder 23 from cutter head pipe interface 211. Under the action of hydraulic oil pressure, the blade 242 of the tool 24 is pushed outward along the inner cavity of cutter head cylinder 23, so that the tip 241 contacts the long structure surface of workpiece 700. The tool 24 is pushed out and cuts into workpiece 700 under the continuous pressure of oil pressure. The tip 241 continuously cuts the surface material of the long structure to realize the internal hole structure machining until the blade 242 touches the limit member of cutter head cylinder 23, and the tool 24 stops extending. At this time, the hole structure is machined in place. Control unit 51 controls hydraulic device 400 to flow hydraulic oil in the opposite direction, causing tool 24 to move away from workpiece 700 and retract toward the center of cutter head 201 until tool body 242 touches the bottom of inner cavity of cutter head cylinder 23 near the center of cutter head 201 and stops. At this time, tool 24 is retracted into place. Control unit 51 controls hydraulic device 400 to flow hydraulic oil in the opposite direction, causing positioning pin 261 to retract and retract in the direction away from positioning hole 112.

[0068] Processing step e: The control unit 51 controls the pneumatic device 300 to start and output compressed gas, which is input into one piston chamber 113 through the air pipe 31. At the same time, the control unit 51 controls the pneumatic device 300 to return the compressed gas in the other piston chamber 113, so that the magnetic piston 12 moves along the cavity wall of the piston chamber 113 toward the processing direction. Under the action of magnetic coupling between the magnetic piston 12 and the magnetic component 22, the magnetic piston 12 drives the cutter head component 201 to move linearly along the guide rail component 111 to the next processing position. Step a is repeated until the inner hole structure of the workpiece 700 is processed.

[0069] Step f: After completing the machining of the long workpiece, the control unit 51 controls the spindle motor 600 to stop, and controls the hydraulic device 400 to reverse the flow of hydraulic oil, causing the tool 24 to retract into the tool head cylinder 23, and the locating pin 261 to retract into the locating cylinder 26. The control unit 51 controls the pneumatic device 300 to start and drive the magnetic piston 12 to move along the cavity wall of the piston chamber 113 away from the center of the workpiece 700. After the magnetic piston 12 drives the tool head component 201 to the entrance of the inner hole structure of the long workpiece, the first shaft section A and the second shaft section B can be disassembled and separated. After removing the spindle component 11 and the tool head component 201, the workpiece 700 can be smoothly removed from the machine tool fixture, or the next workpiece 700 to be machined can be clamped. Repeat steps b to e until the machining is completed.

[0070] The above examples are merely illustrative of the technical content of the present invention to facilitate easier understanding by the reader, but do not imply that the implementation of the present invention is limited to these examples. Any technical extensions or re-creations made based on the present invention are protected by the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A long-length tool for machining, characterized by: It includes a tool assembly (200) and a spindle assembly (100) for mounting the tool assembly (200), the spindle assembly (100) including a spindle member (11) for supporting and moving the tool assembly (200), the spindle member (11) having a guide member (111) for limiting the direction of movement of the tool assembly (200). The tool assembly (200) includes a tool head (201) for machining long parts. The tool head (201) is mounted on the spindle (11) and can slide along the guide rail direction of the guide rail (111). The tool head (201) has at least three retractable tools (24) that are circumferentially spaced around the axis of rotation of the spindle (11). The cutter head component (201) has a cutter head cylinder (23) for mounting the cutter (24). After the cutter (24) is mounted on the cutter head cylinder (23), it forms a cylinder inner cavity (231) that can contain liquid or gas. The cutter (24) can be directionally moved along the inner wall of the cylinder inner cavity (231). The cylinder inner cavity (231) is equipped with a cutter body limiting member (25) for limiting the extension distance of the cutter (24). The cylinder inner cavity (231) is connected to the outside through the cutter head pipeline interface (211). The spindle assembly (11) has a piston chamber (113) for mounting a magnetic piston (12). A magnetic element (22) is mounted on the cutter head assembly (201) near the spindle assembly (11). The magnetic piston (12) and the magnetic element (22) form a magnetic coupling. When the magnetic piston (12) moves along the piston chamber (113), it drives the cutter head assembly (201) through the magnetic element (22).

2. A long-length tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spindle assembly (11) is equipped with a pipeline integration ring (13), which has a movable ring (131) and a stationary ring (132). The movable ring (131) is movably connected to the spindle assembly (11), and the stationary ring (132) is tightly connected to the spindle assembly (11). There is an annular pipeline (133) between the stationary ring (132) and the movable ring (131) for the flow of liquid or gas. An external drive device is connected to the annular pipeline (133) through the movable ring (131), and the cutter head assembly (201) is connected to the annular pipeline (133) through the stationary ring (132).

3. A long-length tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: A positioning cylinder (26) is installed on the cutter head component (201) near the spindle component (11). The positioning cylinder (26) is equipped with a positioning pin (261) that can extend and retract toward the guide rail component (111). The guide rail component (111) has a positioning hole (112) for the positioning pin (261) to extend into. Several positioning holes (112) are spaced apart along the length of the guide rail component (111). The positioning cylinder (26) is connected to the outside through the cutter head pipeline interface (211).

4. A tool driving method, applied to a machine tool equipped with a long workpiece machining tool as described in any one of claims 1-3, the machine tool comprising a control system capable of controlling the movement or positioning of the tool head component (201), controlling the extension and retraction of the tool (24), and controlling the rotation of the spindle component (11) or the workpiece, characterized in that, The method includes: The control system can control the cutter head (201) to be in a moving state or a positioning state. In the moving state, the cutter head (201) moves along the guide rail (111) to the machining position. In the positioning state, the cutter head (201) is restricted to the position on the guide rail (111). The control system can control the spindle motor (600) to drive the spindle component (11) to rotate, or control the spindle motor (600) to drive the workpiece to rotate; The control system can control the tool (24) to be in the extended state. In the extended state, the tool (24) extends towards the workpiece relative to the cutter head (201) and the feed rate is controlled by the control system. The tool (24) contacts the workpiece surface to perform cutting on the workpiece. The control system can control the tool (24) to be in the retracted state. In the retracted state, the tool (24) retracts away from the workpiece relative to the cutter head (201) and the retraction amount is controlled by the control system. The tool (24) leaves the workpiece surface to complete a single cutting operation.

5. The tool driving method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method includes: The control system can use one of the following methods to control the movement or positioning of the cutter head (201), the extension and retraction of the cutter (24), and the rotation of the spindle (11) or the workpiece, respectively: mechanical transmission, magnetic coupling transmission, pneumatic drive or hydraulic drive.

6. The tool driving method according to claim 4, wherein the spindle component (11) has a piston chamber (113) for mounting a magnetic piston (12), the tool disc component (201) has a magnetic component (22) for magnetically coupling the magnetic piston (12), and the piston chamber (113) is connected to the pneumatic device (300) of the control system, characterized in that, The method includes: The movement state is that the control system controls the pneumatic device (300) to drive the magnetic piston (12) to move along the piston chamber (113) through air pressure changes and uses magnetic coupling to drive the cutter head (201) to move.

7. The tool driving method according to claim 4, wherein the tool disc component (201) has a retractable positioning pin (261) and a positioning cylinder (26) for mounting the positioning pin (261), the spindle component (11) has a positioning hole (112) into which the positioning pin (261) extends, and the positioning cylinder (26) is connected to the hydraulic device (400) of the control system, characterized in that, The method includes: The positioning state is that the control system controls the hydraulic device (400) to drive the positioning pin (261) to extend into the positioning hole (112) through oil pressure changes to limit the position of the cutter head (201) relative to the spindle (11).

8. The tool driving method according to claim 4, wherein the tool disc component (201) has a tool disc cylinder (23) for mounting the tool (24), the tool disc cylinder (23) being connected to a hydraulic device (400) of the control system, characterized in that, The method includes: The extended state is achieved by the control system controlling the hydraulic device (400) to drive the cutter (24) to move away from the center of the cutter head (201) through oil pressure changes; The retraction state is that the control system controls the hydraulic device (400) to drive the cutter (24) to move toward the center of the cutter head (201) by changing the oil pressure.

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