Self-powered monitoring device and system for rail transit facilities

Abstract

The application provides a self-powered track transportation facility monitoring device and system, the device comprising: a track vibration energy capturing device, an energy storage circuit, a vibration wake-up circuit and a data acquisition and transmission controller, the device being capable of collecting energy generated by track vibration and storing the energy, when the energy reaches a specified level, the vibration wake-up circuit activates the dormant data acquisition and transmission controller to monitor the track transportation facility and send monitoring data to a remote data center. The application can use vibration energy capturing technology to realize self-power supply of a wireless sensor network, and through optimization of sensor node power consumption, realize ultra-low power consumption track transportation infrastructure measurement, so that the vibration captured energy can meet long-term work of the sensor node, thereby solving the ground sensor power supply problem.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of track monitoring technology, and in particular to a self-powered track transit facility monitoring device and system. Background Technology

[0002] The operational condition of rail transit infrastructure is crucial to train safety. Currently, track monitoring vehicles and comprehensive inspection trains are the main means of assessing key parameters such as track geometry, track irregularities, and rail profile. These inspection methods can comprehensively reflect the operational condition of the infrastructure. However, these inspection methods also have significant problems. First, inspection vehicles need to operate during maintenance windows, which directly leads to longer inspection cycles and reduced operational efficiency, while also increasing inspection costs. Furthermore, traditional onboard inspection methods often struggle to effectively detect certain hidden defects, such as loose fasteners, gaps in track slabs, camber, and CA mortar voids, which to some extent limits the accuracy and comprehensiveness of inspections.

[0003] To overcome the shortcomings of existing inspection methods, real-time monitoring of the service performance of rail transit infrastructure using wireless sensor networks has become a new solution. Wireless sensor networks offer significant advantages such as low cost and high detection accuracy, and can directly detect infrastructure parameters without occupying maintenance windows, thus improving detection efficiency and flexibility. However, the large-scale application of wireless sensor networks in rail transit monitoring is still constrained by power supply issues. Due to the large number of sensor nodes, existing wireless sensor networks require regular battery replacements, which is not only labor-intensive and unsafe but may also affect the normal operation of vehicles. Therefore, the power supply problem has become a key bottleneck restricting the further development of wireless sensor networks in rail transit monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present application provides a self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device and system, which can realize the self-powering of wireless sensor networks by using vibration energy capture technology, and achieve ultra-low power consumption measurement of rail transit infrastructure by optimizing the power consumption of sensor nodes, so that the energy captured by vibration can meet the long-term operation of sensor nodes, thereby solving the problem of power supply for ground sensors.

[0005] The technical solution of this application embodiment is implemented as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device and system, the device comprising: a track vibration energy capture device, an energy storage circuit, a vibration wake-up circuit, and a data acquisition and transmission controller;

[0007] The track vibration energy capture device is used to collect the energy generated by track vibration. The energy storage circuit is used to store the electrical energy captured by the track vibration energy capture device. The vibration wake-up circuit is used to wake up the data acquisition and transmission controller from its dormant state after the track vibration energy capture device has collected a specified amount of electrical energy. The data acquisition and transmission controller is used to monitor the rail transit facilities and send the monitoring data to a remote data center.

[0008] The power output terminal of the track vibration energy capture device is connected to the power input terminal of the energy storage circuit. The energy storage circuit supplies power to the data acquisition and transmission controller. The signal output terminal of the track vibration energy capture device is connected to the signal input terminal of the vibration wake-up circuit.

[0009] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a self-powered rail transit facility monitoring system, the system including at least one self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device as described in the first aspect, wherein the at least one self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device is respectively installed at different locations on the track.

[0010] This application embodiment integrates track vibration energy capture, high-efficiency energy storage, intelligent vibration wake-up, and data acquisition and transmission functions, achieving all-weather, self-sufficient monitoring of rail transit facilities. The device, through a track vibration energy capture unit, efficiently collects the energy generated by track vibration and converts it into electrical energy, thereby avoiding dependence on traditional power sources and reducing operation and maintenance costs. Simultaneously, the device's built-in energy storage circuit stably stores the captured electricity, ensuring continuous power support for the data acquisition and transmission controller even when track vibration energy is insufficient. This application embodiment employs an intelligent vibration wake-up mechanism; when the track vibration energy capture unit collects a specified amount of electricity, the vibration wake-up circuit automatically wakes up the dormant data acquisition and transmission controller, enabling it to begin operation. This design not only further reduces power consumption but also improves the response speed and flexibility of the monitoring system. Regarding data acquisition and transmission, the data acquisition and transmission controller in this application embodiment can accurately monitor the status of rail transit facilities and send the monitoring data to a remote data center in real time, providing strong technical support for the safe operation and efficient management of rail transit.

[0011] In summary, the self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device provided in this application embodiment not only achieves efficient and self-sufficient monitoring of rail transit facilities, but also reduces operation and maintenance costs and improves the reliability and flexibility of the monitoring system. Attached Figure Description

[0012] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0014] Figure 2 This is a software control flowchart provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0015] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the accompanying drawings in this application are for illustrative and descriptive purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Furthermore, it should be understood that the schematic drawings are not drawn to scale. The flowcharts used in this application illustrate operations implemented according to some embodiments of this application. It should be understood that the operations in the flowcharts may not be implemented in sequence, and steps without logical contextual relationships may be reversed or implemented simultaneously. In addition, those skilled in the art, guided by the content of this application, may add one or more other operations to the flowcharts, or remove one or more operations from the flowcharts.

[0016] In the following description, references are made to “some embodiments,” which describe a subset of all possible embodiments. However, it is understood that “some embodiments” may be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments and may be combined with each other without conflict.

[0017] Furthermore, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. The components of the embodiments of this application described and illustrated herein can typically be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] In the following description, the terms "first, second, third" are used merely to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of objects. It is understood that "first, second, third" may be interchanged in a specific order or sequence where permitted, so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0019] It should be noted that the term "comprising" will be used in the embodiments of this application to indicate the presence of the features declared thereafter, but does not exclude the addition of other features.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this application and is not intended to limit this application.

[0021] Before implementing the embodiments of this application, the applicant discovered the following problems in the prior art:

[0022] The service status of rail transit infrastructure directly affects train safety. Currently, the main monitoring method involves using track monitoring vehicles and comprehensive inspection trains to inspect important parameters such as track geometry, track irregularities, and rail profile to reflect the infrastructure's service status. Current inspection methods have two main problems: First, inspection vehicles require maintenance windows, resulting in long inspection cycles, reduced operational efficiency, and high costs. Second, some hidden defects, such as loose fasteners, track slab gaps, camber, and CA mortar voids, are difficult to detect on-board. Monitoring infrastructure service performance using wireless sensor networks eliminates the need for maintenance windows, directly detecting infrastructure parameters, and offers advantages such as low cost and high accuracy. However, current power supply limitations restrict large-scale application, limiting its use to a supplementary role to on-board inspections. Existing wireless sensor networks require periodic battery replacements, and the large number of sensor nodes presents challenges such as high workload, low security, and disruption to vehicle operation, hindering further development.

[0023] In view of this, this application provides a self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device, which utilizes vibration energy capture technology to achieve self-powering of the wireless sensor network, and achieves ultra-low power consumption measurement of rail transit infrastructure by optimizing the power consumption of sensor nodes, so that the energy captured by vibration can meet the long-term operation of sensor nodes, thereby solving the problem of power supply for ground sensors. The device includes: a track vibration energy capture device, an energy storage circuit, a vibration wake-up circuit, and a data acquisition and transmission controller.

[0024] The track vibration energy capture device is used to collect the energy generated by track vibration. The energy storage circuit is used to store the electrical energy captured by the track vibration energy capture device. The vibration wake-up circuit is used to wake up the data acquisition and transmission controller from its dormant state after the track vibration energy capture device has collected a specified amount of electrical energy. The data acquisition and transmission controller is used to monitor the rail transit facilities and send the monitoring data to a remote data center.

[0025] The power output terminal of the track vibration energy capture device is connected to the power input terminal of the energy storage circuit. The energy storage circuit supplies power to the data acquisition and transmission controller. The signal output terminal of the track vibration energy capture device is connected to the signal input terminal of the vibration wake-up circuit.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown in the embodiment of this application, the self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device includes a track vibration energy harvesting device, a data acquisition and transmission controller, an energy storage circuit, and a vibration wake-up circuit. The track vibration energy harvesting device collects the energy generated by track vibrations caused by train passage or other factors to power sensor nodes. The energy storage circuit uses a supercapacitor to store the electricity harvested by the track vibration energy harvesting device. The vibration wake-up circuit generates a wake-up signal to wake up the controller from its dormant state after the track vibration energy harvesting device has collected sufficient electricity. The data acquisition and transmission controller includes sensors such as an accelerometer, a temperature sensor, and strain gauges, which can collect key parameters of the rail transit infrastructure such as temperature, strain, acceleration, and displacement. The data acquisition and transmission controller collects the sensor data of the rail transit infrastructure parameters and transmits it wirelessly to a remote data center. The data acquisition and transmission controller has low power consumption and can operate for extended periods using only the energy collected by the track vibration energy harvesting device, without requiring an additional power supply.

[0027] In some embodiments, the track vibration energy harvesting device is a rack and pinion type track vibration energy harvester. The rack and pinion type track vibration energy harvester converts the vertical vibration of the track into rotational motion through the rack and pinion structure. The rotational motion drives the generator to rotate, thereby converting the vibration energy into electrical energy. The obtained electrical energy is stored through the energy storage circuit. The track vibration energy harvesting device is installed between the sleepers under the track. The rack is fixed to the rail by a rail mounting clamp. The rack clamp and the rail move vertically with the same amplitude and frequency.

[0028] In this embodiment, the track vibration energy harvesting device is a rack and pinion type track vibration energy harvester. The rack and pinion structure converts the vertical vibration of the track into rotational motion. This rotational motion drives a generator to rotate, thus converting the vibration energy into electrical energy, which is then stored in a supercapacitor. The track vibration energy harvesting device can be installed between two sleepers below the rail. The rack is fixed to the rail by a rail mounting clamp, and the rack clamp and rail move vertically with the same amplitude and frequency. A small module gear is used to improve meshing accuracy and avoid excessive gear backlash in the structure. The output performance of the energy harvester is improved by adjusting the overall transmission ratio and adding a vertical displacement amplification mechanism. A higher load-bearing TFS type one-way bearing is used instead of a traditional one-way bearing.

[0029] In some embodiments, the acquisition and transmission controller includes a triaxial MEMS accelerometer, a temperature sensor, a strain sensor, a digital-to-analog converter, a controller, and a signal transmission module;

[0030] The triaxial MEMS accelerometer is used to detect transient vibration signals and / or convert the transformation of the static gravity field into tilt angle changes; the temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the rail transit facility; and the strain sensor is used to detect the strain of the rail transit facility.

[0031] The signal output terminals of the triaxial MEMS accelerometer and the temperature sensor are respectively connected to the input terminal of the controller. The signal output terminal of the strain sensor is connected to the input terminal of the controller through the digital-to-analog converter module. The signal output terminal of the controller is connected to the input terminal of the signal transmission module. The signal transmission module transmits data with the remote data center.

[0032] Here, the data acquisition and transmission controller integrates a high-precision MEMS capacitive triaxial accelerometer, temperature sensor, and strain sensor. The MEMS capacitive triaxial accelerometer utilizes built-in automatic compensation and filtering algorithms to minimize errors caused by environmental changes. This allows it to detect transient vibration signals and convert changes in the static gravitational field into tilt angle changes, thereby reducing system power consumption. The data acquisition and transmission controller employs a high-resolution differential-to-analog converter to convert signals from the external strain gauge sensor into digital signals for microprocessor signal processing. To achieve low-power sensor signal transmission, the entire system uses Zigbee communication, effectively reducing power consumption while ensuring data reliability.

[0033] In some embodiments, to optimize sensor power consumption while ensuring measurement accuracy, the controller software uses the lightweight RT-Thread real-time operating system. This system employs a microkernel architecture with a minimum kernel size of only 2KB and extremely short thread switching times, reaching the microsecond level, which offers significant advantages in optimizing sensor power consumption. The software uses the RT-Thread real-time operating system for task segmentation and switching, aiming to minimize data acquisition and reporting times. Each module initializes and runs within its respective task. For tasks requiring long delays, the power optimization task suspends them to reduce unnecessary task scheduling. Once the delay timer expires, the task resumes.

[0034] In some embodiments, the data acquisition and transmission controller is controlled by data acquisition and transmission control software, which employs a multi-task processing strategy, including acquisition tasks, power monitoring tasks, power consumption optimization tasks, and data transmission tasks.

[0035] The acquisition tasks include a triaxial MEMS accelerometer acquisition task, a temperature acquisition task, a displacement acquisition task, and a strain acquisition task; wherein, the displacement acquisition task is used to detect the displacement during the vibration process, and the displacement acquisition task is calculated based on the acquisition results of the triaxial MEMS accelerometer acquisition task;

[0036] The power monitoring task is used to monitor the output power of the track vibration energy harvesting device and the power consumption and running time of the controller;

[0037] The power consumption optimization task is used to estimate the stored power in the energy storage circuit based on the monitoring results of the power monitoring task, perform power limiting and schedule other tasks based on the stored power, and determine when to automatically enter a sleep state when data acquisition and transmission are not required.

[0038] The data transmission task is used to realize the remote transmission of monitoring data.

[0039] Here, the data acquisition and transmission controller software employs a multi-task processing approach, including one power monitoring task, several sensor data acquisition tasks, one data transmission task, and one power optimization task. The sensor data acquisition task acquires data from various sensors, including at least strain acquisition, a three-axis MEMS accelerometer task, a temperature acquisition task, and a displacement acquisition task. The data transmission task enables remote transmission of monitoring data. The power monitoring task runs throughout the entire data acquisition and reporting period, aiming to monitor the voltage and current of the input power supply in non-sleep mode to prevent power consumption from exceeding design targets. This is primarily implemented by the controller and analog-to-digital conversion module. The power monitoring task acquires the output voltage and current of the track vibration energy harvesting device, as well as the power supply voltage and current of the data acquisition and transmission controller itself, thereby monitoring the output power of the vibration energy harvesting device and the power consumption of the controller. The power monitoring task estimates the stored charge in the supercapacitor based on the output power of the harvesting device, the power consumption of the controller, and the running time, serving as an important reference for power optimization. The power optimization task employs a power-limited task scheduling strategy to schedule each acquisition and transmission task. Based on node power limits and the current operating status, it automatically suspends and starts data acquisition or data transmission tasks. It will automatically enter a sleep state when it determines that data collection and transmission are not required.

[0040] Please see Figure 2 The specific process of software control is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, upon initial startup, hardware initialization, parameter configuration, and real-time operating system initialization are performed first. Then, multiple tasks are created, including power monitoring, data acquisition, data transmission, and power optimization. Each task completes data acquisition and reporting. After data acquisition and reporting are complete, the control processor enters a sleep state to reduce power consumption. After sleep, the processor waits for a specific wake-up event to occur before restarting and scheduling one or more acquisition and / or data transmission tasks to perform data acquisition and / or data transmission based on operating conditions.

[0041] In some embodiments, the vibration wake-up circuit wakes up the data acquisition and transmission controller through a wake-up event; the wake-up event includes timed wake-up and vibration wake-up; the timed wake-up includes automatic wake-up when the next wake-up time condition set before hibernation is met; the vibration wake-up includes wake-up when the track vibrates and meets specific vibration conditions.

[0042] Here, wake-up events include two types: timed wake-up and vibration wake-up. Timed wake-up occurs when the pre-set wake-up time condition is met, and the processor automatically wakes up internally. Vibration wake-up occurs when significant track vibration occurs, and the vibration energy harvesting device acquires a significant amount of energy, triggering an external circuit to wake the processor. Specifically, vibration wake-up occurs when significant track vibration occurs and the vibration energy harvesting device acquires a significant amount of energy. When a train passes by, the track vibrates noticeably. At this time, the vibration energy harvesting device outputs a large voltage, powering the vibration wake-up circuit. After the vibration wake-up circuit is activated, it outputs a wake-up signal, which is connected to the controller's external wake-up port. Upon receiving the wake-up trigger signal, the controller exits sleep mode.

[0043] In some embodiments, the time interval for the timed wake-up is determined based on an estimated value of the stored power and the acquisition cycle of the data acquisition and transmission controller; when the stored power meets the first state, the acquisition cycle is shortened to provide more data for data analysis; when the stored power meets the second state, the wake-up time is set with the longest acquisition cycle; wherein the power in the first state is greater than the power in the second state.

[0044] Here, the timed wake-up interval is set based on the stored power estimate and the longest acquisition period for slow variables such as temperature, displacement, and strain. The specific acquisition period depends on the location of the sensor nodes and the purpose of monitoring. The longest acquisition period for each parameter is stored in the processor ROM and read during the parameter configuration phase of the initial startup. During operation, the controller records the most recent acquisition time and upload time for each parameter, updating the information after each acquisition and upload. Before the processor enters sleep mode, it automatically calculates and sets the next wake-up time based on the power consumption monitoring module's recorded power levels, the longest acquisition period for each parameter, and the most recent acquisition and upload time for each parameter. When the stored power is sufficient, the acquisition period for each parameter is shortened to provide more data for analysis. When the stored power is low, the wake-up time is set to meet the requirement of the longest acquisition interval.

[0045] In some embodiments, after the data acquisition and transmission controller is woken up, it updates the estimated value of the storage power based on the sleep duration and sleep power consumption, and determines the type of wake-up event;

[0046] If the wake-up event is a timed wake-up, the number of parameters to be collected this time is determined based on the estimated value of the stored power and the time of the most recent collection, and it is determined whether to perform data transmission; if the power consumed by data transmission is greater than the set value, the collected data is accumulated and transmission is performed when a specific amount of data has been accumulated and the stored power meets specific conditions.

[0047] If the wake-up event is vibration wake-up, then the acquisition of acceleration will begin immediately and end after the vibration stops. Data transmission will be performed after the acquisition is completed, and the captured energy during the vibration will be calculated. After all data acquisition and data transmission tasks are completed, the estimated value of the stored power will be updated. After calculating the next timed wake-up time, the system will enter a sleep state.

[0048] Here, after the controller is woken up, it first updates the estimated value of the stored power using the sleep duration and sleep power consumption. Then, it determines the type of event that triggered the wake-up. If it's a timed wake-up, based on the current estimated stored power and the most recent acquisition time of each parameter, it decides which parameters to acquire this time; it can acquire one or more parameters, or none at all. It then decides whether to perform data transmission. Since data transmission consumes a lot of power, the acquired data can be stored in memory first, and transmitted all at once when a certain amount of data has accumulated and the stored power is sufficient. If it's a vibration wake-up, it immediately begins acquiring acceleration parameters, ending the acquisition after the vibration stops, and then transmits the data after acquisition is complete. Simultaneously, the power consumption monitoring task monitors the output voltage and current of the vibration energy harvesting device, calculating the harvested energy during the vibration. After completing all acquisition and transmission tasks, the power consumption monitoring task updates the estimated value of the stored power. It calculates the next timed wake-up time and then enters sleep mode again.

[0049] In some embodiments, the remote data center is used to analyze the monitoring data and assess the health status of the line;

[0050] The remote data center is also used to analyze the vibration patterns of the rail transit infrastructure at the installation location of the self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device based on the data transmission patterns of the self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device, predict the collectable electricity of the track vibration energy collection device at the installation node within a specific period, and the time period during which the collectable electricity will occur within the specific period; the prediction information is returned to the self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device during data transmission; the self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device uses the prediction information to assist in setting the acquisition period of each parameter.

[0051] Here, a remote data center collects data transmitted by ultra-low-power, self-powered wireless sensor nodes. This data can be analyzed to assess the health of the railway line. Simultaneously, the data center can analyze the vibration patterns of the rail transit infrastructure at the installation locations of the wireless sensor nodes based on the patterns in the data transmitted by the nodes. This allows for the prediction of the amount of electricity that the nodes can collect within a fixed period (e.g., one day), as well as the time periods during which energy can be collected. This prediction information can be returned to the wireless sensor nodes during data transmission. The wireless sensor nodes can then use this prediction information to help set the acquisition period for various parameters.

[0052] In some embodiments, the timed wake-up provided in this application can be calculated in the following way:

[0053] Assuming each monitoring parameter is represented by 1, ..., N, and the power consumption required for each parameter to be collected individually, as measured beforehand, is represented by E1, ..., E N The maximum allowable acquisition interval for each parameter is set to T′1, ..., T′. N The sleep power consumption is P S The power consumption for data transmission is E T .

[0054] Step 1: Determine the parameter k that needs to be collected most recently. Assume that the time interval between the current time and the last time each parameter was collected is t′1, ..., t′. N Then it can be determined by the following formula:

[0055]

[0056] Step 2: Determine the next data collection time. First, set the next data collection time as follows:

[0057] T A =T k -t′ k

[0058] The power consumption for completing one full data acquisition and transmission cycle is:

[0059]

[0060] Assume the current stored energy is E C The number of times the current power level can be completely collected and transmitted is:

[0061]

[0062] When the predicted time to the next vibration-induced power generation is T P ,

[0063] If: T A >2T P / N, then set T A =2T P / N, otherwise remain unchanged.

[0064] Step 3: Determine the parameters for the next data collection. First, use the following formula to determine the initial set of parameters for collection:

[0065] S N ={i|(T) i -t′ i )-T A <T s}

[0066] Among them, T s This is a threshold time interval.

[0067] Verify whether the collected parameters meet the power consumption requirements:

[0068]

[0069] If the requirements are met, then S N Keep it unchanged, otherwise press (T) i -t′ i Decrease the parameter by one in descending order until the condition in the above formula is met.

[0070] This application also provides a self-powered rail transit facility monitoring system. The system includes at least one self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device provided in the above embodiments of this application. The at least one self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device is respectively installed at different locations on the track. The installation location can be flexibly adjusted according to actual application needs to achieve overall monitoring of the track.

[0071] In summary, the embodiments of this application have the following beneficial effects:

[0072] (1) Achieving self-powered operation and long-term operation: The embodiments of this application provide a continuous energy supply for the sensor nodes by collecting the vibration energy of the rail transit infrastructure, without relying on an external power source. This ensures that the sensor nodes can perform data acquisition and transmission stably for a long time without an external power supply. This feature greatly reduces operation and maintenance costs and improves the reliability and sustainability of the system.

[0073] (2) Ultra-low power consumption design: The embodiments of this application adopt a task scheduling strategy based on power constraints to achieve ultra-low power consumption during sensor data acquisition and transmission. By real-time monitoring of the energy harvesting power of the track vibration energy harvesting device and the power consumed by the sensor node itself, the system can intelligently adjust its working state to ensure that while meeting monitoring requirements, power consumption is reduced to the maximum extent and the service life of the node is extended.

[0074] (3) Adaptive Adjustment and Intelligent Monitoring: This embodiment of the application can automatically control the acquisition of various parameters by accurately sensing the track vibration state, and adaptively adjust the acquisition frequency and data transmission strategy according to the actual situation. This intelligent monitoring mechanism not only improves the accuracy and timeliness of monitoring data, but also further optimizes power consumption management, realizing an automatic balance between monitoring and power consumption.

[0075] (4) Improving the efficiency and safety of rail transit monitoring: Thanks to its self-powered, ultra-low power consumption, and adaptive adjustment characteristics, the embodiments of this application can achieve continuous and accurate monitoring of the rail transit status, timely detection and early warning of potential safety hazards, and provide strong technical support for the safe operation of rail transit. At the same time, the high monitoring efficiency also promotes the optimized management of the rail transit system and improves the overall operational efficiency.

[0076] In summary, the embodiments of this application have significant technical advantages and application prospects in the field of rail transit monitoring. They not only reduce operation and maintenance costs and improve the reliability and sustainability of the system, but also provide strong technical support for the safe operation and efficient management of rail transit.

[0077] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems and devices described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the method embodiments, and will not be repeated here. In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of modules is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. Furthermore, multiple modules or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection can be through some communication interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or modules can be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0078] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as modules may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0079] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0080] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A self-powered monitoring device for rail transit facilities, characterized in that, The device includes: a track vibration energy capture device, an energy storage circuit, a vibration wake-up circuit, and a data acquisition and transmission controller; The track vibration energy capture device is used to collect the energy generated by track vibration. The energy storage circuit is used to store the electrical energy captured by the track vibration energy capture device. The vibration wake-up circuit is used to wake up the data acquisition and transmission controller from its dormant state after the track vibration energy capture device has collected a specified amount of electrical energy. The data acquisition and transmission controller is used to monitor the rail transit facilities and send the monitoring data to a remote data center. The power output terminal of the track vibration energy capture device is connected to the power input terminal of the energy storage circuit, the energy storage circuit supplies power to the data acquisition and transmission controller, and the signal output terminal of the track vibration energy capture device is connected to the signal input terminal of the vibration wake-up circuit. The vibration wake-up circuit wakes up the data acquisition and transmission controller through a wake-up event; the wake-up event includes timed wake-up and vibration wake-up; the timed wake-up includes automatic wake-up when the next wake-up time condition set before hibernation is met; the vibration wake-up includes wake-up when the track vibrates and meets specific vibration conditions. After being woken up, the data acquisition and transmission controller updates the estimated storage power based on the sleep duration and sleep power consumption, and determines the type of wake-up event; If the wake-up event is a timed wake-up, the number of parameters to be collected this time is determined based on the estimated value of the stored power and the time of the most recent collection, and it is determined whether to perform data transmission; if the power consumed by data transmission is greater than the set value, the collected data is accumulated and transmission is performed when a specific amount of data has been accumulated and the stored power meets specific conditions. If the wake-up event is vibration wake-up, then the acquisition of acceleration will begin immediately and end after the vibration stops. Data transmission will be performed after the acquisition is completed, and the captured energy during the vibration will be calculated. After all data acquisition and data transmission tasks are completed, the estimated value of the stored power will be updated. After calculating the next timed wake-up time, the system will enter a sleep state.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The track vibration energy harvesting device is a rack and pinion type track vibration energy harvester. The rack and pinion type track vibration energy harvester converts the vertical vibration of the track into rotational motion through the rack and pinion structure. The rotational motion drives the generator to rotate, thereby converting the vibration energy into electrical energy. The obtained electrical energy is stored through the energy storage circuit. The track vibration energy harvesting device is installed between the sleepers under the track. The rack is fixed to the rail by the rail mounting clamp. The rack clamp and the rail move vertically with the same amplitude and frequency.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition and transmission controller includes a triaxial MEMS accelerometer, a temperature sensor, a strain sensor, a digital-to-analog converter, a controller, and a signal transmission module; The triaxial MEMS accelerometer is used to detect transient vibration signals and / or convert the transformation of the static gravity field into tilt angle changes; the temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the rail transit facility; and the strain sensor is used to detect the strain of the rail transit facility. The signal output terminals of the triaxial MEMS accelerometer and the temperature sensor are respectively connected to the input terminal of the controller. The signal output terminal of the strain sensor is connected to the input terminal of the controller through the digital-to-analog converter. The signal output terminal of the controller is connected to the input terminal of the signal transmission module. The signal transmission module transmits data with the remote data center.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The data acquisition and transmission controller is controlled by data acquisition and transmission control software, which adopts a multi-task processing strategy, including acquisition tasks, power monitoring tasks, power consumption optimization tasks, and data transmission tasks. The acquisition tasks include a triaxial MEMS accelerometer acquisition task, a temperature acquisition task, a displacement acquisition task, and a strain acquisition task; wherein, the displacement acquisition task is used to detect the displacement during the vibration process, and the displacement acquisition task is calculated based on the acquisition results of the triaxial MEMS accelerometer acquisition task; The power monitoring task is used to monitor the output power of the track vibration energy harvesting device and the power consumption and running time of the controller; The power consumption optimization task is used to estimate the stored power in the energy storage circuit based on the monitoring results of the power monitoring task, perform power limiting and schedule other tasks based on the stored power, and determine when to automatically enter a sleep state when data acquisition and transmission are not required. The data transmission task is used to realize the remote transmission of monitoring data.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The time interval for the scheduled wake-up is determined based on an estimated value of the stored power and the acquisition cycle of the data acquisition and transmission controller. When the stored power meets the first state, the acquisition cycle is shortened to provide more data for data analysis. When the stored power meets the second state, the wake-up time is set with the longest acquisition cycle. The power in the first state is greater than the power in the second state.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The remote data center is used to analyze the monitoring data and assess the health status of the line; The remote data center is also used to analyze the vibration patterns of the rail transit infrastructure at the installation location of the self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device based on the data transmission patterns of the self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device, predict the collectable electricity of the track vibration energy collection device at the installation node within a specific period, and the time period during which the collectable electricity will occur within the specific period; the prediction information is returned to the self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device during data transmission; the self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device uses the prediction information to assist in setting the acquisition period of each parameter.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The timed wake-up is calculated in the following way: Let each monitoring parameter be... 1,…,N The predicted power consumption is calculated by collecting each monitoring parameter individually. E 1 ,…,E N The maximum allowable acquisition interval for each monitoring parameter is set to T 1 ,…,T N Sleep power consumption is P S The power consumption for data transmission is E T ; Determine the parameters that need to be collected most recently. Assume the time interval between the current recorded time and the last time each monitoring parameter was collected is... t’ 1 ,…,t’ N ,but ； Determine the next data collection time, and set the next data collection time as: The power consumption for completing one full data acquisition and transmission cycle is: Assume the current stored power is E C The number of times the current power level can be completely collected and transmitted is: Let the predicted time of the next vibration-induced power generation be... T P ,if T A ＞2T P / N Then set T A =2T P / N Otherwise, remain unchanged; Determine the parameters for the next data collection, and establish the initial set of parameters for collection: in, T S This is a threshold time interval; Verify whether the collected parameters meet the power consumption requirements: ； If the requirements are met, then S N Keep it unchanged, otherwise press Decrease the parameter by one in descending order until the requirement is met.

8. A self-powered rail transit facility monitoring system, characterized in that, The system includes a self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device as described in any one of claims 1-7, wherein the number of the self-powered rail transit facility monitoring devices is at least one, and when the number of the self-powered rail transit facility monitoring devices is multiple, the multiple self-powered rail transit facility monitoring devices are respectively set at different positions on the track.

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