Integrated perforation and fracturing device and fracturing method

Abstract

This invention discloses an integrated perforation and fracturing device and method. The integrated perforation and fracturing device includes a fracturing tube, a packer assembly, a perforation assembly, and a fracturing assembly. One end of the fracturing tube is sealed, and the other end is used to connect to a pump unit. The packer assembly is located circumferentially outside the fracturing tube, forming a perforation and fracturing space between two adjacent packer assemblies. The perforation assembly is located between two adjacent packer assemblies and includes a nozzle and a first adjusting component. The fracturing assembly is located between two adjacent packer assemblies and includes a fracturing orifice and a second adjusting component. The fracturing orifice is located on the fracturing tube, and the second adjusting component corresponds to the fracturing orifice. This invention integrates perforation and fracturing operations, allowing for seamless connection between the perforation and fracturing processes, simplifying the operation process and improving operational efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydraulic fracturing technology, specifically relating to an integrated device and method for perforation fracturing. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, perforation devices and fracturing devices for coal mines include high-speed fluid perforation tools and moving tubing open-hole segmented fracturing tools. After the fracturing drilling is completed, the high-speed fluid perforation tool is placed in the predetermined position of the borehole to perform perforation operations. After perforation is completed, the high-speed fluid perforation tool is withdrawn, and the moving tubing segmented fracturing tool is placed in the perforation position to perform fracturing operations. Perforation and fracturing operations are performed using different equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention is based on the inventor's discoveries and understanding of the following facts and problems:

[0004] The inventors recognized that in coal mines, the perforation and fracturing devices are separate, requiring independent perforation and fracturing operations. This necessitates frequent insertion and removal of perforation and fracturing tools, making the process cumbersome and complex. The constant replacement of these tools leads to inconsistencies between the perforation and fracturing locations, severely impacting fracture propagation.

[0005] The inventors also recognized that in coal mines, the amount of fluid injected to calibrate the perforation stage indicators can lead to resource waste if too much fluid is injected, or substandard perforation parameters if too little fluid is injected, affecting subsequent fracturing operations. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the indicators for the connection between the perforation stage and the fracturing stage.

[0006] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0007] Therefore, embodiments of the present invention propose an integrated perforation and fracturing device that can realize the integrated setup of perforation and fracturing, simplifying the operation process and improving the operation efficiency.

[0008] An embodiment of the present invention also proposes a fracturing method.

[0009] The integrated perforation and fracturing device of this invention includes:

[0010] A fracturing pipe, one end of which is sealed, and the other end of which is used to connect to a pump unit;

[0011] A packer assembly is disposed on the circumferential outer side of the fracturing tube, and a perforation fracturing space is formed between two adjacent packer assemblies;

[0012] A perforation assembly located between two adjacent packer assemblies, the perforation assembly having a nozzle and a first adjustment component, adjusting the fluid pressure of the fracturing tube to drive the first adjustment component to actuate and control the nozzle to communicate or disconnect from the inner cavity of the fracturing tube;

[0013] A fracturing assembly is located between two adjacent packing assemblies. The fracturing assembly includes a fracturing orifice and a second adjusting component. The fracturing orifice is disposed on the fracturing tube, and the second adjusting component corresponds to the fracturing orifice. It adjusts the fluid pressure in the perforation fracturing space to drive the second adjusting component to operate and control the inner cavity of the fracturing tube to communicate or disconnect from the perforation fracturing space.

[0014] The present invention provides an integrated perforation and fracturing device that addresses the problem of separate perforation and fracturing equipment by combining them into one unit. During operation, the perforation and fracturing processes can be seamlessly connected, simplifying the operation process and improving efficiency.

[0015] In some embodiments, the first adjusting component includes a first body, a first sliding member, and a first elastic member connected together. The first body is connected to the fracturing tube between two adjacent sealing assemblies. The first body has a first cavity. The nozzle is connected to the first body. The first cavity communicates with the inner hole of the fracturing tube. The first sliding member is movable relative to the first body. The first elastic member is disposed between the first sliding member and the first body.

[0016] The direction of the force exerted by the fluid in the fracturing tube on the first sliding member is opposite to the direction of the force exerted by the first elastic member on the first sliding member. The fluid pressure in the fracturing tube is adjusted to a first threshold to drive the first sliding member to move relative to the first body. The first sliding member has a first state and a second state. In the first state, the first sliding member is disposed opposite to the nozzle to block the communication between the first cavity and the nozzle. In the second state, the first sliding member is disposed offset from the nozzle to connect the first cavity and the nozzle.

[0017] In some embodiments, the first body is a tube, the first body has a first connecting portion at both ends, the fracturing tube has a second connecting portion, and the first body and the fracturing tube are connected together through the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion.

[0018] And / or, the number of nozzles is multiple, and the multiple nozzles are arranged circumferentially on the first body;

[0019] And / or, the first slider is provided with a fluid hole, and in the second state, the fluid hole is disposed opposite to the nozzle;

[0020] And / or, the first elastic element is a spring.

[0021] In some embodiments, the first body has a first chamber with a first opening parallel to the axial direction of the fracturing tube, the first sliding member has a first end plate slidably disposed in the first chamber and sealed against the circumferential wall of the first chamber, and the first elastic member is disposed in the first chamber.

[0022] In some embodiments, the second adjusting component includes a second sliding member and a second elastic member, the second sliding member being connected to the fracturing tube, and the second elastic member being disposed between the second sliding member and the fracturing tube;

[0023] The direction of the force exerted by the fluid in the perforation fracturing space on the second sliding member is opposite to the direction of the force exerted by the second elastic member on the second sliding member. The fluid pressure in the perforation fracturing space is adjusted to a second threshold to drive the second sliding member to move relative to the fracturing tube. The second sliding member has a third state and a fourth state. In the third state, the second sliding member is positioned opposite to the fracturing hole to block the communication between the inner cavity of the fracturing tube and the perforation fracturing space through the fracturing hole. In the fourth state, the second sliding member is misaligned with the fracturing hole to connect the inner cavity of the fracturing tube and the perforation fracturing space through the fracturing hole.

[0024] In some embodiments, the second sliding member is slidably sleeved on the outside of the fracturing tube;

[0025] And / or, the second elastic element is a spring;

[0026] And / or, the number of fracturing holes is multiple, each fracturing hole is provided with a corresponding second adjusting component, or multiple fracturing holes are provided with the same second adjusting component.

[0027] In some embodiments, the outer wall of the fracturing tube has a second chamber, the second chamber has a second opening parallel to the axial direction of the fracturing tube, the second sliding member has a second end plate, the second end plate is slidably disposed in the second chamber, and the second end plate is in contact and sealed with the circumferential wall of the second chamber, and the second elastic member is disposed in the second chamber.

[0028] In some embodiments, the packing assembly includes a sac that is annular and covers the circumferential outer side of the fracturing tube, the inner cavity of the sac being in communication with the inner cavity of the fracturing tube.

[0029] The fracturing method disclosed in this invention includes:

[0030] S1. Drilling operations are carried out.

[0031] S2. The integrated perforation and fracturing device as described in any of the above embodiments is arranged in the borehole;

[0032] S3. Fluid is introduced into the fracturing tube, and the fluid in the fracturing tube flows into the packer assembly to set the packer assembly.

[0033] S4. As the fluid pressure in the fracturing tube increases, the first adjusting component is activated, and the nozzle in the perforation assembly communicates with the inner cavity of the fracturing tube to perform perforation operation.

[0034] S5. As the fluid pressure in the perforation fracturing space increases, the second adjusting component is activated, and the perforation fracturing space in the fracturing assembly and the inner cavity of the fracturing tube are connected through the fracturing hole to carry out fracturing operations;

[0035] S6. Release the fluid in the fracturing tube, move to the next perforation fracturing section, and repeat steps S3 to S5 to carry out the construction work of the next perforation fracturing section.

[0036] In some embodiments, when the packer assembly is set, the fluid pressure in the fracturing tube is less than the fluid pressure in the fracturing tube when the perforation assembly is perforated. In steps S4 and S5, the fluid pressure in the fracturing tube gradually increases, and steps S4 and S5 are alternately cyclical until the fracturing fracture in the corresponding perforated fracturing section expands to a preset target range.

[0037] And / or, the borehole includes an inclined section and a horizontal section, the inclined section being arranged close to the borehole opening, the horizontal section being divided into multiple perforated fracturing sections along its length, the horizontal section being located within the target fracturing layer and in the lower middle part of the target fracturing layer;

[0038] And / or, it also includes detection equipment, including a microseismic detection system, a top delamination meter, and a borehole stress gauge, to monitor the energy field, displacement field, and stress field of the work area, respectively. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated perforation and fracturing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the perforation assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fracturing assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of the packer assembly and fracturing tube according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure label:

[0044] 1. Fracturing pipe; 11. Plug;

[0045] 2. Sealing assembly; 21. Bag;

[0046] 3. Perforation assembly; 31. First body; 32. Nozzle; 33. First slider; 34. First elastic element; 35. First chamber; 36. Fluid orifice;

[0047] 4. Fracturing assembly; 41. Fracturing hole; 42. Second sliding member; 43. Second elastic member; 44. Second chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0048] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0049] See Figures 1-4 The integrated perforation and fracturing device of this invention includes a fracturing pipe 1, a packer assembly 2, a perforation assembly 3, and a fracturing assembly 4. One end of the fracturing pipe 1 is sealed, and a plug 11 is provided at the end of the fracturing pipe 1 near the bottom of the borehole. The other end of the fracturing pipe 1 is used to connect to the pump unit. The packer assembly 2 is located on the circumferential outer side of the fracturing pipe 1, and a perforation and fracturing space is formed between two adjacent packer assemblies 2.

[0050] The packer assembly 2 covers the circumference of the fracturing pipe 1. When water is injected into the packer assembly 2, the packer assembly 2 expands and abuts against the inner wall of the borehole to seal it. The space between two adjacent packer assemblies 2 forms a relatively independent space, which is the perforation and fracturing space, allowing perforation and fracturing operations to be carried out on the corresponding rock wall in this section.

[0051] The perforation assembly 3 is located between two adjacent packer assemblies 2. The perforation assembly 3 has a nozzle 32 and a first adjusting component to adjust the fluid pressure of the fracturing tube 1, thereby driving the first adjusting component to operate and controlling the nozzle 32 to connect or disconnect from the inner cavity of the fracturing tube 1. The fracturing assembly 4 is located between two adjacent packer assemblies 2. The fracturing assembly 4 includes a fracturing orifice 41 and a second adjusting component. The fracturing orifice 41 is provided on the fracturing tube 1, and the second adjusting component corresponds to the fracturing orifice 41. It adjusts the fluid pressure of the perforation fracturing space to drive the second adjusting component to operate and control the inner cavity of the fracturing tube 1 to connect or disconnect from the perforation fracturing space.

[0052] During perforation operations, fracturing fluid is injected into the fracturing pipe 1. When the fluid pressure reaches the first preset value, the first regulating component will be activated and the fluid will be sprayed through the nozzle 32 into the perforation fracturing space, thereby performing perforation operations on the rock wall, causing rock mass damage and fracture, and crack expansion.

[0053] As the perforation operation continues, the holes in the rock wall stop expanding. Fluid from fracturing pipe 1 continues to flow into the perforation fracturing space, and the pressure within the space continuously increases. This activates the second regulating component, allowing fluid from fracturing pipe 1 to directly enter the perforation fracturing space through fracturing hole 41. The fractures in the rock wall will further expand until they reach the target layer, and the pressure curve region will stabilize.

[0054] After the perforation fracturing of this section is completed, the pressure of the sealing bag 21 is released, the first and second adjusting components are reset, and the integrated perforation fracturing device is moved to the next section that needs perforation fracturing to carry out the perforation fracturing operation of the next drilling section. This cycle is repeated until the perforation fracturing operation of the entire drilling section that needs fracturing is completed.

[0055] The present invention provides an integrated perforation and fracturing device that addresses the problem of separate perforation and fracturing equipment by combining them into one unit. During operation, the perforation and fracturing processes can be seamlessly connected, simplifying the operation process and improving efficiency.

[0056] Optionally, the packer assembly 2 includes a pouch 21, which is annular and covers the circumferential outer side of the fracturing tube 1, and the inner cavity of the pouch 21 is connected to the inner cavity of the fracturing tube 1.

[0057] The sealing component 2 is a bag 21, which is annular and made of rubber or other elastic material. When water is injected into the inner cavity of the sealing component 2, the bag 21 will expand and abut against the inner wall of the borehole to seal it.

[0058] In some embodiments, the first adjusting component includes a first body 31, a first sliding member 33, and a first elastic member 34 connected to each other. The first body 31 is connected to the fracturing tube 1 between two adjacent sealing assemblies 2. The first body 31 has a first cavity. A nozzle 32 is connected to the first body 31. The first cavity is connected to the inner hole of the fracturing tube 1. The first sliding member 33 is movable relative to the first body 31. The first elastic member 34 is disposed between the first sliding member 33 and the first body 31.

[0059] The direction of the force exerted by the fluid in the fracturing tube 1 on the first sliding member 33 is opposite to the direction of the force exerted by the first elastic member 34 on the first sliding member 33. The fluid pressure in the fracturing tube 1 is adjusted to a first threshold to drive the first sliding member 33 to move relative to the first body 31. The first sliding member 33 has a first state and a second state. In the first state, the first sliding member 33 is disposed opposite to the nozzle 32 to block the communication between the first cavity and the nozzle 32. In the second state, the first sliding member 33 is disposed offset from the nozzle 32 to connect the first cavity and the nozzle 32.

[0060] In this embodiment of the invention, the first elastic element 34 can keep the first sliding element 33 in a normally closed state, and when the first sliding element 33 moves under pressure, it can be reset when the pressure is released again, facilitating the next use. Simultaneously, this embodiment of the invention can achieve automatic control through fluid pressure, ensuring the normal and stable operation of the perforation operation.

[0061] Optionally, the first elastic element 34 is a spring.

[0062] Furthermore, the first body 31 is a tube, and the two ends of the first body 31 have first connecting parts, the fracturing tube 1 has second connecting parts, and the first body 31 and the fracturing tube 1 are connected together through the first connecting parts and the second connecting parts.

[0063] For example, the first connecting part is an external threaded section, and the fracturing pipe 1 is provided with an internal threaded section. The fracturing pipe 1 and the first body 31 are connected by threads.

[0064] For example, the first connecting part is a quick-connect buckle, and the first body 31 and the fracturing tube 1 are quickly fixed together.

[0065] In this embodiment of the invention, the inner cavity of the first body 31 is arranged coaxially with the inner cavity of the fracturing tube 1.

[0066] Optionally, there may be multiple nozzles 32 arranged circumferentially around the first body 31. By arranging multiple nozzles 32, multiple jet pores can be formed on the corresponding rock wall, facilitating subsequent fracturing operations.

[0067] Optionally, the first sliding member 33 is provided with a fluid hole 36. In the second state, the fluid hole 36 is arranged opposite to the nozzle 32. When the first adjusting member is activated by the fluid pressure in the fracturing tube 1 (i.e., the second state), the fluid hole 36 corresponds to the nozzle 32, and the fluid in the fracturing tube 1 enters the nozzle 32 through the fluid hole 36, thereby realizing the perforation operation.

[0068] In some embodiments, the first body 31 has a first chamber 35, the first chamber 35 has a first opening parallel to the axial direction of the fracturing tube 1, the first sliding member 33 has a first end plate, the first end plate is slidably disposed in the first chamber 35, and the first end plate is fitted and sealed with the circumferential wall of the first chamber 35, and the first elastic member 34 is disposed in the first chamber 35.

[0069] It should be understood that the pressure exerted by the fluid in the fracturing tube 1 on the first end plate can overcome the elastic force of the first elastic element 34. The first elastic element 34 is compressed and contracts, the first end plate slides in the first chamber 35, and the first sliding element 33 moves synchronously. When the first sliding element 33 no longer blocks the flow of fluid in the fracturing tube 1 to the nozzle 32, the perforation operation can be carried out.

[0070] Optionally, the first sliding member 33 is annular and is fitted inside the first cavity of the first body 31.

[0071] In some embodiments, the second adjustment component includes a second sliding member 42 and a second elastic member 43. The second sliding member 42 is connected to the fracturing tube 1, and the second elastic member 43 is disposed between the second sliding member 42 and the fracturing tube 1. The direction of the force exerted by the fluid in the perforation fracturing space on the second sliding member 42 is opposite to the direction of the force exerted by the second elastic member 43 on the second sliding member 42. The fluid pressure in the perforation fracturing space is adjusted to a second threshold to drive the second sliding member 42 to move relative to the fracturing tube 1. The second sliding member 42 has a third state and a fourth state. In the third state, the second sliding member 42 is disposed opposite to the fracturing hole 41 to block the communication between the inner cavity of the fracturing tube 1 and the perforation fracturing space through the fracturing hole 41. In the fourth state, the second sliding member 42 is disposed offset from the fracturing hole 41 to communicate between the inner cavity of the fracturing tube 1 and the perforation fracturing space through the fracturing hole 41.

[0072] As the perforation operation continues, the pores on the rock wall no longer expand, and the fluid pressure in the perforation fracturing space continues to rise. When the fluid pressure in the perforation fracturing space reaches the second threshold, the pressure acting on the second sliding member 42 can overcome the force of the second elastic member 43, causing the second sliding member 42 to move. This allows the fluid in the fracturing tube 1 to directly enter the perforation fracturing space through the fracturing hole 41 for fracturing operations.

[0073] Furthermore, the second sliding member 42 is slidably sleeved on the outside of the fracturing tube 1, and the second sliding member 42 can move under the force of the fluid in the perforation fracturing space.

[0074] Optionally, the second elastic element 43 is a spring.

[0075] Optionally, there may be multiple fracturing holes 41, each fracturing hole 41 may be provided with a corresponding second adjusting component, or multiple fracturing holes 41 may be provided with the same second adjusting component assembly.

[0076] It should be understood that when multiple fracturing holes 41 are arranged circumferentially along the fracturing tube 1, multiple fracturing holes 41 can be correspondingly set with the same second adjusting component, and the opening or closing of multiple fracturing holes 41 can be controlled simultaneously by one second adjusting component.

[0077] When multiple fracturing holes 41 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the fracturing tube 1, multiple second adjustment components can be arranged to control each fracturing hole 41 respectively.

[0078] In some embodiments, the outer wall of the fracturing tube 1 has a second chamber 44, the second chamber 44 has a second opening parallel to the axial direction of the fracturing tube 1, the second sliding member 42 has a second end plate, the second end plate is slidably disposed in the second chamber 44, and the second end plate is in contact and sealed with the circumferential wall of the second chamber 44, and the second elastic member 43 is disposed in the second chamber 44.

[0079] It should be understood that the pressure exerted by the fluid in the perforation fracturing space on the second end plate can overcome the elastic force of the second elastic element 43. The second elastic element 43 is compressed and contracts, the second end plate slides in the second chamber 44, and the second sliding element 42 moves synchronously. When the second sliding element 42 no longer blocks the flow of fluid in the fracturing tube 1 to the perforation fracturing space, fracturing operations can be carried out.

[0080] In this embodiment of the invention, the number of perforation components, the number and spacing of nozzles in each perforation component, and the spacing between the bags are reasonably selected according to the actual parameters of the rock strata in the coal mine. After connecting the perforation components and the fracturing pipe together, they are combined into an integrated perforation and fracturing device.

[0081] The fracturing method disclosed in this invention includes:

[0082] S1. Drilling operations are carried out.

[0083] The borehole consists of an inclined section and a horizontal section. The inclined section is located near the borehole opening, and the horizontal section is divided into multiple perforation fracturing sections along its length. In the tunnel drilling site, a directional long borehole with an inclined section of length L1 and a horizontal section of length L2 is constructed using a directional drilling rig. The inclination angle of the inclined section is φ, and the horizontal section of the directional long borehole is divided into n perforation fracturing sections, with a spacing of L2 / n between each perforation fracturing section.

[0084] S2. The integrated perforation and fracturing device as described in any of the above embodiments is arranged inside the borehole.

[0085] According to the sequence of perforation fracturing, the integrated perforation fracturing device is arranged at the bottom of the borehole, starting from the perforation fracturing section closest to the bottom of the borehole, and the perforation fracturing operation is carried out segment by segment outwards.

[0086] The fracturing pipe has a plug at one end near the bottom of the borehole. The plug is placed at a predetermined position at the bottom of the borehole. Since the packer is not only elastic and can expand, but also has a certain strength, it can also act as a centralizer during the transport inside the borehole to prevent the entire device from being affected by borehole cuttings.

[0087] S3. Fluid is introduced into the fracturing tube. The fluid in the fracturing tube flows into the packer assembly to set the packer assembly.

[0088] The fracturing tubing is connected to the pump unit, and fluid is pumped into the fracturing tubing through the pump unit. The fluid inside the fracturing tubing enters the inner cavity of the packer assembly. The packer assembly expands and squeezes the borehole sidewall, so that the fracturing tubing will not be displaced under the friction between the packer assembly and the borehole wall, thus completing the setting.

[0089] S4. As the fluid pressure in the fracturing tube increases, the first regulating component is activated, and the nozzle in the perforation assembly connects with the inner cavity of the fracturing tube to perform perforation operations.

[0090] The pump unit continuously injects fluid into the fracturing tube. Under the combined constraint of the fracturing tube and the bladder, the fracturing tube does not move, and the fluid pressure inside the fracturing tube continuously rises. The fluid squeezes the first sliding member in the first adjusting component, causing the first elastic member to begin to retract. When the first sliding member retracts to a certain position, the nozzle connects with the fracturing tube, and the fluid inside the fracturing tube forms an ultra-high-speed jet through the nozzle. The high-speed jet acts on the rock mass surface, and under shear and tensile forces, the rock mass is damaged and fractured, and the cracks expand.

[0091] During the perforation stage, observe the pressure curve. When the pressure curve rises from a slow rise to a rapid rise, it indicates that the perforation channel is no longer expanding, the high-pressure jet is insufficient to damage the rock mass, and the perforation stage is complete.

[0092] S5. As the fluid pressure in the perforation fracturing space increases, the second regulating component activates, and the perforation fracturing space in the fracturing assembly and the inner cavity of the fracturing tube are connected through the fracturing hole to carry out fracturing operations.

[0093] The pump unit continuously injects fluid into the fracturing tube, making the pressure inside the tube greater than outside. The perforation assembly continuously converts the fluid inside the fracturing tube into a high-speed jet that acts on the rock mass. When the high-speed jet is insufficient to damage the rock mass and the fracture stops propagating, the volume of the perforation fracturing space no longer changes. However, the fluid inside the fracturing tube continuously flows into the perforation fracturing space through the nozzle on the perforation assembly. Under the constraint of the perforation fracturing space formed by the bag and the borehole, the fluid pressure inside the space continuously rises. The fluid in the perforation fracturing space compresses the second sliding element in the second adjusting component. When the second elastic element retracts to a certain position, the fracturing orifice is opened, and the fluid inside the fracturing tube flows into the perforation fracturing space at a certain discharge rate through the fracturing orifice. At this time, in order to achieve the preset fracturing effect, the fluid pressure in the fracturing tube is greater than the fluid pressure during the perforation stage. When the fluid pressure in the perforation fracturing space reaches the fracture propagation pressure, fracturing of the target layer begins, causing the fracture to propagate and the pressure curve to tend to stabilize.

[0094] Observation wells and microseismic systems are set up within the predetermined fracturing range to monitor the propagation range of the fracturing cracks. Fracturing is completed when the cracks reach the design target range.

[0095] S6. Release the fluid in the fracturing tube, move to the next perforation fracturing section, and repeat steps S3 to S5 above to carry out the construction work of the next perforation fracturing section.

[0096] Stop the pump unit from injecting fluid into the fracturing tubing, disconnect the fracturing tubing from the pump unit, release the fluid inside the fracturing tubing, causing the fluid pressure to drop and the first sliding element to reset. Since the fluid pressure inside the bladder is greater than the fluid pressure inside the fracturing tubing, the fluid inside the bladder flows into the fracturing tubing, causing the bladder to contract and move away from the borehole wall, thus achieving pressure relief. The fluid in the perforation fracturing space flows out through the space between the bladder and the borehole wall, causing the fluid pressure in the perforation fracturing space to drop and the second sliding element to reset. The entire unit is then raised to the next perforation fracturing stage, and steps S3 to S5 are repeated for the next perforation fracturing stage operation.

[0097] In some embodiments, the fluid pressure in the fracturing tube when the packer assembly is set is lower than the fluid pressure in the fracturing tube when the perforation assembly is perforated. In steps S4 and S5, the fluid pressure in the fracturing tube gradually increases, and steps S4 and S5 are performed alternately until the fracturing fracture in the corresponding perforated fracturing section expands to a preset target range.

[0098] It should be understood that during fracturing operations, the fluid in the fracturing tube enters the perforation fracturing space through the nozzle and fracturing orifice. When the fracture propagation rate is too fast, the fluid pressure in the perforation fracturing space may drop sharply, which may cause the second sliding member to reset. Therefore, there may be a situation where steps S4 and S5 are carried out alternately. At the same time, through this operation method, the advantages of perforation and fracturing can be further utilized to improve the fracturing effect and efficiency.

[0099] In some embodiments, the horizontal segment is located within the target fracturing layer and in the lower middle part of the target fracturing layer.

[0100] Because the integrated perforation and fracturing unit is placed almost horizontally inside the borehole, fluid accumulates at the bottom of the borehole under gravity during the perforation process. The nozzles in the lower middle part of the fracturing tube gradually transition from non-submerged perforation to submerged perforation, while the upper and left and right nozzles remain in non-submerged perforation mode. This results in complex perforation parameters around the borehole, affecting subsequent fracturing operations. Therefore, the borehole is arranged in the lower middle part of the target layer to reduce the fracture range below the integrated perforation and fracturing unit.

[0101] Furthermore, the fracturing method of this embodiment of the invention also uses some detection equipment, including a microseismic detection system, a roof delamination instrument, and a borehole stress gauge, to monitor the energy field, displacement field, and stress field of the working area, respectively.

[0102] Microseismic systems, roof delamination meters, and borehole stress gauges are deployed in the perforation and fracturing joint operation area of ​​the coal mine working face to monitor the energy field, displacement field, and stress field of the coal mine working face and verify the effectiveness of the regional perforation and fracturing joint operation.

[0103] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0104] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0105] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0106] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0107] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0108] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A perforating and fracturing integrated device, characterized in that, include: A fracturing pipe, one end of which is sealed, and the other end of which is used to connect to a pump unit; A packer assembly is disposed on the circumferential outer side of the fracturing tube, and a perforation fracturing space is formed between two adjacent packer assemblies; A perforation assembly located between two adjacent packer assemblies, the perforation assembly having a nozzle and a first adjustment component, adjusting the fluid pressure of the fracturing tube to drive the first adjustment component to actuate and control the nozzle to communicate or disconnect from the inner cavity of the fracturing tube; A fracturing assembly is located between two adjacent packing assemblies. The fracturing assembly includes a fracturing orifice and a second adjusting component. The fracturing orifice is disposed on the fracturing tube, and the second adjusting component corresponds to the fracturing orifice. It adjusts the fluid pressure in the perforation fracturing space to drive the second adjusting component to operate and control the inner cavity of the fracturing tube to communicate or disconnect from the perforation fracturing space. The first adjusting component is configured to activate when the fluid pressure in the fracturing tube reaches a first threshold, and the second adjusting component is configured to activate when the fluid pressure in the perforated fracturing space reaches a second threshold. The first adjusting component includes a first body, a first sliding member, and a first elastic member connected to each other. The first body is connected to the fracturing tube between two adjacent sealing components. The first body has a first cavity. The nozzle is connected to the first body. The first cavity is connected to the inner hole of the fracturing tube. The first sliding member is movable relative to the first body. The first elastic member is disposed between the first sliding member and the first body. The direction of the force exerted by the fluid in the fracturing tube on the first sliding member is opposite to the direction of the force exerted by the first elastic member on the first sliding member. The pressure of the fluid in the fracturing tube is adjusted to a first threshold to drive the first sliding member to move relative to the first body. The first sliding member has a first state and a second state. In the first state, the first sliding member is disposed opposite to the nozzle to block the communication between the first cavity and the nozzle. In the second state, the first sliding member is disposed offset from the nozzle to connect the first cavity and the nozzle. The second adjusting component includes a second sliding member and a second elastic member. The second sliding member is connected to the fracturing tube, and the second elastic member is disposed between the second sliding member and the fracturing tube. The direction of the force exerted by the fluid in the perforation fracturing space on the second sliding member is opposite to the direction of the force exerted by the second elastic member on the second sliding member. The fluid pressure in the perforation fracturing space is adjusted to a second threshold to drive the second sliding member to move relative to the fracturing tube. The second sliding member has a third state and a fourth state. In the third state, the second sliding member is positioned opposite to the fracturing hole to block the communication between the inner cavity of the fracturing tube and the perforation fracturing space through the fracturing hole. In the fourth state, the second sliding member is misaligned with the fracturing hole to connect the inner cavity of the fracturing tube and the perforation fracturing space through the fracturing hole.

2. The integrated perforating and fracturing device of claim 1, wherein, The first body is a tube, and the first body has a first connecting part at both ends. The fracturing tube has a second connecting part. The first body and the fracturing tube are connected together through the first connecting part and the second connecting part. And / or, the number of nozzles is multiple, and the multiple nozzles are arranged circumferentially on the first body; And / or, the first slider is provided with a fluid hole, and in the second state, the fluid hole is disposed opposite to the nozzle; And / or, the first elastic element is a spring.

3. The integrated perforation and fracturing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first body has a first chamber, the first chamber has a first opening parallel to the axial direction of the fracturing tube, the first sliding member has a first end plate, the first end plate is slidably disposed in the first chamber, and the first end plate is in contact and sealed with the circumferential wall of the first chamber, and the first elastic member is disposed in the first chamber.

4. The integrated perforation and fracturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second sliding element is slidably sleeved on the outside of the fracturing tube; And / or, the second elastic element is a spring; And / or, the number of fracturing holes is multiple, each fracturing hole is provided with a corresponding second adjusting component, or multiple fracturing holes are provided with the same second adjusting component.

5. The integrated perforation and fracturing device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer wall of the fracturing tube has a second chamber, the second chamber has a second opening parallel to the axial direction of the fracturing tube, the second sliding member has a second end plate, the second end plate is slidably disposed in the second chamber, and the second end plate is in contact and sealed with the circumferential wall of the second chamber, and the second elastic member is disposed in the second chamber.

6. The integrated perforation and fracturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The packing assembly includes a bladder that is annular and covers the circumferential outer side of the fracturing tube, and the inner cavity of the bladder is connected to the inner cavity of the fracturing tube.

7. A fracturing method, characterized in that, include: S1. Drilling operations are carried out. S2. The integrated perforation and fracturing device as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 is arranged in the borehole; S3. Fluid is introduced into the fracturing tube, and the fluid in the fracturing tube flows into the packer assembly to set the packer assembly. S4. As the fluid pressure in the fracturing tube increases, the first adjusting component is activated, and the nozzle in the perforation assembly communicates with the inner cavity of the fracturing tube to perform perforation operation. S5. As the fluid pressure in the perforation fracturing space increases, the second adjusting component is activated, and the perforation fracturing space in the fracturing assembly and the inner cavity of the fracturing tube are connected through the fracturing hole to carry out fracturing operations; S6. Release the fluid in the fracturing tube, move to the next perforation fracturing section, and repeat steps S3 to S5 to carry out the construction work of the next perforation fracturing section.

8. The fracturing method according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the packer assembly is set, the fluid pressure in the fracturing tube is less than the fluid pressure in the fracturing tube when the perforation assembly is perforating. In steps S4 and S5, the fluid pressure in the fracturing tube gradually increases, and steps S4 and S5 are alternately cyclical until the fracturing fracture in the corresponding perforated fracturing section expands to the preset target range. And / or, the borehole includes an inclined section and a horizontal section, the inclined section being arranged close to the borehole opening, the horizontal section being divided into multiple perforated fracturing sections along its length, the horizontal section being located within the target fracturing layer and in the lower middle part of the target fracturing layer; And / or, it also includes detection equipment, including a microseismic detection system, a top delamination meter, and a borehole stress gauge, to monitor the energy field, displacement field, and stress field of the work area, respectively.

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