A high-efficiency dust falling device suitable for conveying and blanking transfer points and a dust falling method thereof

Abstract

A kind of high-efficiency dust falling device suitable for conveying blanking transfer point and dust falling method thereof, blanking sealing cavity seals upper belt discharge port, dust separation net is located just below lower belt discharge port and is inclinedly arranged at the position of cavity outer wall bottom end close to lower belt;Air inlet cavity bottom plate, air inlet pipe and dust separation net jointly constitute air inlet cavity, which separates air inlet cavity into independent cavity;The end of air inlet pipe is gradually expanded;Extraction pipeline is located on the outer wall of the cavity opposite to the upper surface of dust separation net, and the inlet of extraction pipeline extends into the blanking sealing cavity;The end of extraction pipeline is connected with the top end of vertically placed gas-solid separation pipeline, and the outlet inner tube communicated with fan penetrates dust exhaust pipe and extends into the center of gas-solid separation pipeline to a certain height, dust exhaust pipes are distributed around the outlet inner tube, and the outlet end of dust exhaust pipe is connected with one end of material conveying pipe.The present application can prevent blanking impact dust raising, without causing material loss, protect the environment and workers' occupational health.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a material dust removal device, specifically a high-efficiency dust suppression device and method suitable for conveying and transferring materials at material transfer points, belonging to the field of dust prevention and removal technology in coal preparation plants. Background Technology

[0002] In coal preparation plants, at the material transfer point of the belt conveyor, the friction and collision between the falling material and the conveyor belt or idlers cause dust to fly, resulting in serious indoor dust pollution and posing a serious threat to workers' occupational health. Conventionally, the material transfer point and the belt conveyor can be sealed as a whole to effectively reduce dust escape. However, due to the excessive impact of the falling material, the instantaneous pressure can cause some dust to escape from the sealed gaps, still causing serious dust pollution problems.

[0003] Currently, further dust control measures can be implemented through integrated sealing to further reduce dust concentration. Related technologies include: dust suppression via spraying (water spraying), dust suppression using biofilm, and dust collectors. Spraying (water spraying) effectively wets coal dust, reducing its impact and dispersion during descent; however, this method significantly increases the moisture content of coal powder and other materials, which is detrimental to further transportation, sale, and storage. Biofilm dust suppression forms a protective film on the material surface, inhibiting dust generation and dispersion; however, this method is not only costly but also artificially adds substances to the coal, affecting coal product quality. Dust collectors involve introducing dust-laden airflow through a negative pressure suction system into the dust collector for dust separation and purification; dust collectors include cyclone dust collectors, baghouse dust collectors, and wet scrubbers; this method has high investment and operating costs, and because of the negative pressure suction, some coal powder and other materials that should fall are carried away by the dust-collecting airflow, resulting in material loss. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-efficiency dust suppression device and method suitable for material transfer points. The device has a simple structure and is easy to use. It can pre-separate fine materials that may cause dust in the material during its fall by guiding airflow, which can effectively prevent dust from falling material impact and avoid material loss, thus protecting the environment and workers' occupational health.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a high-efficiency dust suppression device for conveying and transferring materials at a material transfer point, comprising a material discharge sealed cavity, a material / airflow guiding device, and a gas-solid separation pipeline.

[0006] The material discharge sealing cavity seals the upper belt outlet. The material discharge sealing cavity includes a flexible sealing curtain, a cavity top cover, a baffle plate, and an outer wall of the cavity. The flexible sealing curtain is vertically arranged, with its top end fixed to one end of the cavity top cover and its bottom end suspended. The other end of the cavity top cover is fixed to the top end of the vertically arranged baffle plate. The baffle plate is located directly in front of the upper belt's movement direction, causing the material's forward direction to change from horizontal to vertically downward. The bottom end of the baffle plate is fixed to one side wall of the outer wall of the cavity, and the other side wall of the outer wall of the cavity seals the lower belt outlet.

[0007] The material / airflow guiding device includes a dust separation net, an air inlet pipe, an air inlet chamber bottom plate, an exhaust pipe, and a fan. The dust separation net is located directly below the lower belt outlet and is inclined at the bottom of the outer wall of the chamber, close to the lower belt. A one-way valve is installed at the air inlet of the air inlet pipe. The air inlet chamber bottom plate is located below the dust separation net, forming the air inlet chamber together with the air inlet pipe and the dust separation net, thus isolating the air inlet chamber into an independent cavity. The air outlet at the end of the air inlet pipe adopts a gradually expanding design, which can uniformly guide the airflow entering the air inlet chamber to the lower surface of the dust separation net. The dust separation net adopts a double-layer design, with both layers being perforated plates. The bottom mesh diameter of the dust separation net is larger than that of the upper mesh diameter, and the upper mesh diameter is smaller than the material particle size. The exhaust pipe is located on the upper surface of the dust separation net. On the outer wall of the cavity, the inlet of the extraction pipe extends into the material unloading sealed cavity, with its opening facing downwards. The end of the extraction pipe is connected to the top of a vertically placed gas-solid separation pipe, and the bottom end of the gas-solid separation pipe is connected to a horizontally placed dust discharge pipe. A fan is installed at the bottom of the dust discharge pipe, and the outlet inner pipe connected to the fan passes through the dust discharge pipe and extends into the center of the gas-solid separation pipe to a certain height. The top of the gas-solid separation pipe is equipped with a swirling flow guiding structure composed of a flow divider and guide vanes. In the subsequent gas-solid separation pipe, the material dust is separated from the airflow, and the clean airflow is discharged from the outlet inner pipe, while the separated material dust enters the dust discharge pipe. The dust discharge pipe is distributed around the outlet inner pipe, and the outlet end of the dust discharge pipe is connected to one end of the conveying pipe. The fan provides power for the gas flow in the material / airflow guiding device.

[0008] The other end of the conveying pipe extends into the outer wall of the cavity, and the outlet of the conveying pipe extends into the inside of the material discharge sealing cavity. A screw conveyor is installed on the conveying pipe.

[0009] The number of air intake pipes and the operating air volume of the fan in this invention need to be determined based on the slope area, opening ratio, and upper and lower mesh apertures of the dust separation net. If the inclined slope area of ​​the dust separation net is large, the number of air intake pipes used will increase, thereby providing sufficient airflow to the air intake chamber.

[0010] The present invention sets the tilt angle of the dust separation screen to 40° to 50°, which can take into account both the material falling and the extension of the service life of the separation screen.

[0011] The mesh size of the upper layer of the dust separation net of this invention is 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the particle size of the material. Under the synergistic effect of airflow, the material can fall smoothly down the slope without clogging the mesh.

[0012] The present invention adds a flexible buffer material discharge device at the connection between the conveying pipe and the outer wall of the cavity. The flexible buffer material discharge device can make fine materials return to the lower belt for conveying with minimal impact force.

[0013] Flexible sealing curtains are installed on both sides of the lower belt and at the bottom of the dust separation net near the lower belt. The purpose is to seal the cavity as much as possible without affecting the material transport.

[0014] A dust suppression method for a high-efficiency dust suppression device suitable for material conveying and transfer points includes the following steps:

[0015] ① Determine the height and distance of the baffle plate according to the material type and the speed of the upper belt to ensure that the material is completely blocked by the baffle plate in the early stage of falling, so that the material entering the material sealing cavity is completely transformed into vertical downward movement;

[0016] ② All materials fall onto the dust separation net. The size of the pores of the dust separation net is determined according to the particle size of the material. The upper pore size of the dust separation net is less than the particle size of the material (95% confidence interval). The material rolls down the surface of the dust separation net.

[0017] ③ The blower provides suction power, creating a negative pressure state inside the entire material discharge sealing chamber. The main airflow enters the inlet chamber through the parallel-arranged one-way valves and, guided by the inlet pipe, evenly reaches the bottom of the lower layer of the dust separation net. Under the negative pressure, the airflow passes through the mesh of the dust separation net from the bottom, causing the material rolling off the upper surface of the dust separation net to tumble and flow under the blowing of the airflow. At this time, the material falls to the lower conveyor belt due to gravity, while the airflow blows up and carries away the fine particles and dust in the gaps between the materials, which are then extracted from the material discharge sealing chamber through the suction pipe. The airflow from the sealed cavity enters the gas-solid separation pipeline. The swirling flow guide structure diverts and rotates the dust-laden airflow drawn from the material-feeding sealed cavity, separating the material dust from the airflow. The clean airflow is discharged through the inner pipe of the outlet, while the separated material dust enters the dust discharge pipe and, driven by the screw conveyor, re-enters the lower part of the material-feeding sealed cavity. It is then discharged onto the lower conveyor belt via a flexible buffer material-feeding device, allowing small-diameter materials to return to the belt conveyor system. A small amount of dust caused by impact can re-enter the extraction pipeline under the influence of the airflow inside the material-feeding sealed cavity for gas-solid separation again.

[0018] The calculation formula for the airflow size injected by the dust separation net of this invention is as follows:

[0019]

[0020] In the formula: v t It is the airflow velocity in the upper mesh of the dust separation net, in m / s;

[0021] ρ p It is the particle density of the material, kg / m³ 3 ;

[0022] ρ f It is the fluid density, kg / m³ 3 ;

[0023] g is the acceleration due to gravity, 9.81 m / s². 2 ;

[0024] d is the particle size D of the material. 25 ,m;

[0025] a is the particle size D of the material. 25 The numerical ratio of the mesh size of the upper layer of the dust separation net to the mesh size of the lower layer;

[0026] C d It is the drag coefficient, and the calculation formula is:

[0027]

[0028] In the formula: R e It is the Reynolds number, and the formula for its calculation is:

[0029]

[0030] In the formula: μ is the fluid dynamic viscosity, Pa·s.

[0031] The formulas for calculating the height and distance of the baffle are as follows:

[0032]

[0033] In the formula: H is the height of the baffle plate below the upper belt, in meters;

[0034] v p The speed of the upper belt is expressed in m / s.

[0035] Compared with existing technologies, this invention pre-separates fine materials that may cause dust generation from the materials transported on the upper belt using airflow guidance during their descent. The pre-separated airflow enters a gas-solid separation pipeline, where a swirling guide structure diverts and rotates the dust-laden airflow drawn from the material discharge sealed cavity, separating the material dust from the airflow. The clean airflow is discharged through the inner pipe of the outlet, while the separated material dust enters the dust discharge pipe and, driven by a screw conveyor, re-enters the lower part of the material discharge sealed cavity. It is then discharged onto the lower conveyor belt via a flexible buffer discharge device, allowing small-diameter materials to return to the belt conveyor system. A small amount of dust caused by impact can be... Driven by airflow within the sealed material discharge chamber, the material re-enters the extraction pipeline for further gas-solid separation, effectively solving the dust and dispersion issues generated during material discharge in conveyor belts and other similar processes, protecting the environment and worker occupational health. Simultaneously, this invention allows for the re-collection and return of the separated fine materials to the conveying system, effectively reducing material loss caused by traditional dust removal methods. This invention also mitigates the impact of falling materials, extending the service life of lower conveyor belts and other conveying components, and improving work efficiency. Compared to traditional dust removal methods, this invention does not use liquids, does not generate wastewater pollution, does not introduce other substances, does not affect material quality, does not require dust collection, eliminates the need for regular cleaning, and can operate automatically for extended periods. This device does not occupy additional space, is easy to install, and can be organically combined with other dust control devices as needed to achieve comprehensive dust control and better results. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the invention's structure;

[0037] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the swirling flow guiding structure.

[0038] In the diagram: 1. Flexible sealing curtain, 2. Cavity top cover, 3. Baffle plate, 4. Outer wall of cavity, 5. Dust separation net, 6. One-way valve, 7. Inlet pipe, 8. Inlet cavity bottom plate, 9. Exhaust pipe, 10. Diverter, 11. Guide vane, 12. Gas-solid separation pipe, 13. Outlet inner pipe, 14. Dust discharge pipe, 15. Fan, 16. Flexible buffer material dropping device, 17. Conveying pipe, 18. Screw conveyor. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a high-efficiency dust suppression device suitable for conveying and transferring materials includes a material discharge sealing cavity, a material / airflow guiding device, and a gas-solid separation pipeline 12.

[0041] The material discharge sealing cavity seals the upper belt outlet, ensuring that the material does not overflow during the descent and maintaining the internal pressure of the cavity, while also coordinating the organization of dust-laden airflow. The material discharge sealing cavity includes a flexible sealing curtain 1, a cavity top cover 2, a baffle plate 3, and a cavity outer wall 4. The flexible sealing curtain 1 is vertically arranged, with its top end fixed to one end of the cavity top cover 2 and its bottom end suspended. The other end of the cavity top cover 2 is fixed to the top end of the vertically arranged baffle plate 3. The baffle plate 3 is located directly in front of the upper belt in the direction of movement, with the purpose of blocking the material from rushing forward and changing the material's forward direction from horizontal to vertically downward. The bottom end of the baffle plate 3 is fixed to one side wall of the cavity outer wall 4, and the other side wall of the cavity outer wall 4 seals the lower belt outlet.

[0042] The material / airflow guiding device includes a dust separation net 5, an air inlet pipe 7, an air inlet chamber bottom plate 8, an exhaust pipe 9, and a fan 15. The dust separation net 5 is located directly below the lower belt outlet and is inclined at the bottom of the outer wall 4 of the chamber, near the lower belt. A one-way valve 6 is installed at the air inlet of the air inlet pipe 7, allowing airflow to freely enter the chamber without causing backflow. The air inlet chamber bottom plate 8 is located below the dust separation net 5 and, together with the air inlet pipe 7 and the dust separation net 5, forms the air inlet chamber, isolating it into an independent chamber. If necessary, the air inlet chamber bottom plate 8 can be opened to allow air inflow. Cleaning and maintenance are performed; the outlet pipe at the end of the air inlet pipe 7 adopts a gradually expanding design, which can evenly guide the airflow entering the air inlet chamber to the lower surface of the dust separation net 5; the dust separation net 5 adopts a double-layer design, both layers of the dust separation net 5 are perforated plates, the bottom mesh diameter of the dust separation net 5 is larger than the upper mesh diameter, which can play a role in uniform airflow distribution, and the upper mesh diameter is smaller than the material particle size, which can cause the material to roll down from the dust separation net 5 to the lower belt under the cooperation of airflow; the exhaust pipe 9 is located on the outer wall of the cavity directly opposite the upper surface of the dust separation net 5. 4. The inlet of the extraction pipe 9 extends into the material discharge sealing cavity with its opening facing downwards to prevent material from splashing in. The end of the extraction pipe 9 is connected to the top of the vertically placed gas-solid separation pipe 12. The bottom end of the gas-solid separation pipe 12 is connected to the horizontally placed dust discharge pipe 14. A fan 15 is installed at the bottom of the dust discharge pipe 14. The outlet inner pipe 13, which is connected to the fan 15, extends upwards through the dust discharge pipe 14 and into the center of the gas-solid separation pipe 12 to a certain height to guide the clean airflow after gas-solid separation. A diverter is installed at the top of the gas-solid separation pipe 12. The swirling flow guiding structure composed of 10 and guide vanes 11 can divert and rotate the dust-laden airflow extracted from the material discharge sealed cavity. In the subsequent gas-solid separation pipeline 12, the material dust is separated from the airflow. The clean airflow is discharged from the outlet inner pipe 13, while the separated material dust enters the dust discharge pipe 14. The dust discharge pipe 14 is distributed around the outlet inner pipe 13 and is used to collect and store the separated material dust. The outlet end of the dust discharge pipe 14 is connected to one end of the conveying pipe 17. The fan 15 provides power for the gas flow in the material / airflow guiding device.

[0043] The other end of the conveying pipe 17 extends into the outer wall 4 of the cavity, and the outlet of the conveying pipe 17 extends into the inside of the material discharge sealing cavity. A screw conveyor 18 is installed on the conveying pipe 17. The screw conveyor 18 is the power source for sending the separated fine materials back.

[0044] The number of air inlet pipes 7 and the operating air volume of the fan 15 need to be determined based on the slope area, opening ratio, and upper and lower mesh diameters of the dust separation net 5.

[0045] The tilt angle of the dust separation screen 5 is 40° to 50°, which can both buffer the falling material and extend the service life of the separation screen.

[0046] The upper mesh size of the dust separation mesh 5 is 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the material particle size. Under the coordinated action of airflow, the material can fall smoothly down the slope without clogging the mesh.

[0047] A flexible buffer material discharge device 16 is installed at the connection between the material conveying pipe 17 and the outer wall 4 of the cavity, which allows fine materials to return to the lower belt for conveying with minimal impact.

[0048] Flexible sealing curtains 1 are installed on both sides of the lower belt and at the bottom of the dust separation net 5 near the lower belt. The purpose is to seal the cavity as much as possible without affecting the material transport.

[0049] A dust suppression method for a high-efficiency dust suppression device suitable for material conveying and transfer points includes the following steps:

[0050] ① Determine the height and distance of the baffle plate 3 according to the material type and the speed of the upper belt to ensure that all materials falling from the upper belt are blocked by the baffle plate 3 and enter the material discharge sealing cavity in the early stage. The material entering the material discharge sealing cavity is completely transformed into vertical downward movement.

[0051] ② All materials fall onto the dust separation mesh 5. The size of the upper and lower mesh openings of the dust separation mesh 5 is determined according to the particle size of the materials. The upper mesh opening size of the dust separation mesh 5 is less than the particle size of the materials (95% confidence interval). The materials roll down the surface of the dust separation mesh 5 to the lower conveyor belt and the transportation is completed.

[0052] ③ Simultaneously, the blower 15 provides suction power, creating a negative pressure state inside the entire material discharge sealing chamber. The main airflow inside the chamber enters the inlet chamber through the parallel-arranged one-way valves 6, and under the guidance of the inlet pipe 7, it evenly reaches the bottom of the lower layer of the dust separation net 5. Under the action of negative pressure, the airflow passes through the mesh of the dust separation net 5 from the bottom, causing the material rolling off the upper surface of the dust separation net 5 to tumble and flow under the blowing of the airflow. At this time, the material falls to the lower belt due to gravity, while the airflow blows up and carries away the fine particles and dust in the gaps between the materials, which are then extracted from the material discharge sealing chamber through the suction pipe 9. The airflow from the sealed cavity enters the gas-solid separation pipe 12. The swirling guide structure diverts and rotates the dust-laden airflow drawn from the material-feeding sealed cavity, separating the material dust from the airflow. The clean airflow is discharged through the inner pipe 13, while the separated material dust enters the dust discharge pipe 14 and, driven by the screw conveyor 18, re-enters the lower part of the material-feeding sealed cavity. It is then discharged onto the lower conveyor belt via the flexible buffer material-feeding device 16, allowing small-diameter materials to return to the belt conveyor system. A small amount of dust caused by impact can re-enter the extraction pipe 9 under the influence of the airflow inside the material-feeding sealed cavity for gas-solid separation again.

[0053] The formula for calculating the airflow size of the dust separation mesh 5 is as follows:

[0054]

[0055] In the formula: v t It is the airflow velocity in the upper mesh of the dust separation net, in m / s;

[0056] ρ p It is the particle density of the material, kg / m³ 3 ;

[0057] ρ f It is the fluid density, kg / m³ 3 ;

[0058] g is the acceleration due to gravity, 9.81 m / s². 2 ;

[0059] d is the particle size D of the material. 25 ,m;

[0060] a is the particle size D of the material. 25 The numerical ratio of the mesh size of the upper layer of the dust separation net to the mesh size of the lower layer;

[0061] C d It is the drag coefficient, and the calculation formula is:

[0062]

[0063] In the formula: R e It is the Reynolds number, and the formula for its calculation is:

[0064]

[0065] In the formula: μ is the fluid dynamic viscosity, Pa·s.

[0066] The formulas for calculating the height and distance of the baffle plate 3 are as follows:

[0067]

[0068] In the formula: H is the height of the baffle plate below the upper belt, in meters;

[0069] v p The speed of the upper belt is expressed in m / s.

[0070] An embodiment of the present invention is given.

[0071] The purpose of this invention is to reduce dust emission from falling materials without material loss. Specifically, the principle is to guide the airflow to pre-separate the fine particles that are present and generated during the falling of the material, and to make the material fall along the slope of the dust separation net 5, which can greatly reduce the impact of falling materials and the dust caused by the impact. The pre-separated fine particles are driven by the airflow and enter the gas-solid separation pipeline 12 through the air extraction pipeline 9, thereby realizing the separation of material particles from the airflow. The separated material particles are sent back to the conveyor belt by the screw conveyor 18 and the conveying pipe 17.

[0072] To achieve the above process, it is necessary to determine the double-layer mesh diameter of the dust separation net 5, the number of air inlet pipes 7, the size of the one-way valve 6, and the air volume of the fan 15 based on the site conditions. In this embodiment, the tilt angle of the dust separation net 5 is selected to be approximately 45°, which can balance material drop buffering and extending the service life of the separation net. Based on this, the mesh diameter of the upper layer of the dust separation net 5 is selected to be 1 / 3 of the material particle size. Under the synergistic effect of airflow, the material can fall smoothly down the slope without clogging the mesh. The airflow ejected from the mesh needs to have a certain pushing and supporting effect on the material on the dust separation net. The reference air velocity can be calculated using the following formula:

[0073]

[0074] In this embodiment, the particle size D of the material is... 25 The ratio 'a' of the mesh aperture of the upper layer of the dust separation net is selected as 4;

[0075] Drag coefficient C d The calculation formula is:

[0076]

[0077] In the formula: R e It is the Reynolds number, and the formula for its calculation is:

[0078]

[0079] In the formula: μ is the fluid dynamic viscosity, Pa·s.

[0080] The formulas for calculating the height and distance of the baffle plate 3 are as follows:

[0081]

[0082] In the formula: H is the height of the baffle plate below the upper belt, in meters;

[0083] v p The speed of the upper belt is expressed in m / s.

[0084] In this embodiment, 36 sets of the matching components for the air inlet pipe 7 and the one-way valve 6 are used, and the air passage diameter of a single one-way valve 6 and air inlet pipe 7 is approximately 0.2m; the mesh size of the upper layer of the dust separation mesh 5 is the particle size D of the material. 25 The lower pore size of the dust separation mesh 5 is 1 / 4 of the upper pore size, which is 4 to 5 times the upper pore size. This effectively balances and rectifyes the airflow, ensuring that the airflow passes evenly through the dust separation mesh 5 and that any small amount of material falling from the upper mesh does not get stuck in the dust separation mesh 5, affecting the ventilation efficiency. The opening ratio of the dust separation mesh 5 is 50% to 75%. Therefore, based on the calculated air velocity through the pore size of the dust separation mesh 5, the normal operating guide air volume of the fan 15 should reach 7m³ / s. 3 / s, which is 25200m 3 / h.

[0085] In practical applications, it should be considered that large-diameter materials will fall freely along the upper surface of the dust separation mesh 5 under the action of gravity. The required mesh air velocity is usually lower than the calculated value and can be adjusted according to the actual situation on site.

[0086] In this embodiment, the air volume of the fan 15 is approximately 12000 m³ / s. 3 / h, which translates to an air velocity of 8.38m / s for the mesh of the dust separation net 5. This embodiment demonstrates good dust separation performance.

[0087] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency dust suppression device suitable for material conveying and transfer points, characterized in that, Includes a material discharge sealing cavity, a material airflow guiding device, and a gas-solid separation pipeline (12); The material discharge sealing cavity seals the upper belt outlet. The material discharge sealing cavity includes a flexible sealing curtain (1), a cavity top cover (2), a baffle plate (3), and a cavity outer wall (4). The flexible sealing curtain (1) is vertically arranged, with its top end fixed to one end of the cavity top cover (2) and its bottom end suspended. The other end of the cavity top cover (2) is fixed to the top end of the vertically arranged baffle plate (3). The baffle plate (3) is located directly in front of the upper belt movement direction, so that the material forward direction changes from horizontal to vertical downward. The bottom end of the baffle plate (3) is fixed to one side wall of the cavity outer wall (4), and the other side wall of the cavity outer wall (4) seals the lower belt outlet. The material airflow guiding device includes a dust separation net (5), an air inlet pipe (7), an air inlet chamber bottom plate (8), an exhaust pipe (9), and a fan (15). The dust separation net (5) is located directly below the discharge port of the lower belt and is inclinedly installed on the bottom end of the outer wall (4) of the chamber near the lower belt. A one-way valve (6) is installed at the air inlet of the air inlet pipe (7). The air inlet chamber bottom plate (8) is located below the dust separation net (5) and together with the air inlet pipe (7) and the dust separation net (5), it forms the air inlet chamber and isolates the air inlet chamber into an independent chamber. The air inlet pipe (7) is designed with a gradually expanding shape at the end of the air outlet pipe, which can uniformly guide the airflow entering the air inlet chamber to the lower surface of the dust separation net (5); the dust separation net (5) adopts a double-layer design, and both layers of the dust separation net (5) are perforated plates. The bottom mesh diameter of the dust separation net (5) is larger than the upper mesh diameter, and the upper mesh diameter is smaller than the material particle size; the exhaust pipe (9) is located on the outer wall (4) of the cavity directly opposite the upper surface of the dust separation net (5), and the exhaust pipe (9) is located on the lower surface of the dust separation net (5). The inlet extends into the material discharge sealing cavity, with the opening facing downwards; the end of the exhaust pipe (9) is connected to the top of the vertically placed gas-solid separation pipe (12), and the bottom end of the gas-solid separation pipe (12) is connected to the horizontally placed dust discharge pipe (14). A fan (15) is installed at the bottom of the dust discharge pipe (14), and the outlet inner pipe (13) connected to the fan (15) passes through the dust discharge pipe (14) and extends into the center of the gas-solid separation pipe (12) to a certain height. The top of the gas-solid separation pipe (12) is equipped with a diverter (10) and The swirling flow guiding structure composed of guide vanes (11) separates the material dust from the airflow in the subsequent gas-solid separation pipeline (12). The clean airflow is discharged from the outlet inner pipe (13), while the separated material dust enters the dust discharge pipe (14). The dust discharge pipe (14) is distributed around the outlet inner pipe (13) and is used to collect and store the separated material dust. The outlet end of the dust discharge pipe (14) is connected to one end of the conveying pipe (17). The fan (15) provides power for the gas flow in the material airflow guiding device. The other end of the conveying pipe (17) extends into the outer wall (4) of the cavity, and the outlet of the conveying pipe (17) extends into the material discharge sealing cavity. A screw conveyor (18) is installed on the conveying pipe (17).

2. The high-efficiency dust suppression device suitable for conveying and transferring materials at a transfer point according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of air inlet pipes (7) and the operating air volume of the fan (15) need to be determined based on the slope area, opening ratio, upper mesh diameter, and lower mesh diameter of the dust separation net (5).

3. The high-efficiency dust suppression device suitable for conveying and transferring materials at a transfer point according to claim 2, characterized in that, The tilt angle of the dust separation net (5) is 40°~50°.

4. The high-efficiency dust suppression device suitable for conveying and transferring materials at a transfer point according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper pore size of the dust separation mesh (5) is 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the particle size of the material. Under the synergistic effect of airflow, the material can fall smoothly down the slope without blocking the mesh.

5. A high-efficiency dust suppression device suitable for conveying and transferring materials at a transfer point, as described in claim 2, is characterized in that... A flexible buffer material dropping device (16) is installed at the connection between the material conveying pipe (17) and the outer wall of the cavity (4).

6. A high-efficiency dust suppression device suitable for conveying and transferring materials at a transfer point, as described in claim 2, is characterized in that... Flexible sealing curtains (1) are installed on both sides of the lower belt and at the bottom of the dust separation net (5) near the lower belt.

7. A dust removal method using a high-efficiency dust suppression device suitable for conveying and transferring material at a material transfer point, comprising using a high-efficiency dust suppression device as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: ① Determine the height and distance of the baffle plate (3) according to the material type and the speed of the upper belt to ensure that the material is blocked by the baffle plate (3) in the early stage of falling, so that the material entering the material sealing cavity is completely transformed into vertical downward movement; ② All materials fall onto the dust separation mesh (5). The size of the mesh (5) is determined according to the particle size of the material. The upper mesh size of the dust separation mesh (5) is guaranteed to be less than the particle size of the material. The material rolls down on the surface of the dust separation mesh (5). ③ The blower (15) provides the suction power, making the entire material discharge sealing cavity a negative pressure state. The main airflow in the cavity enters the air inlet cavity through the parallel one-way valves (6), and under the guidance of the air inlet pipe (7), it reaches the bottom of the lower layer of the dust separation net (5). Under the action of negative pressure, the airflow passes through the mesh of the dust separation net (5) from the bottom, causing the material rolling on the upper surface of the dust separation net (5) to tumble and flow under the blowing of the airflow. At this time, the material falls to the lower belt due to gravity, and at the same time, the airflow blows up and carries away the fine particles and dust in the gaps between the materials, and extracts them out of the material discharge sealing cavity through the suction pipe (9); the material discharge sealing cavity is then extracted. The airflow of the sealed cavity enters the gas-solid separation pipeline (12). The swirling guide structure diverts and rotates the dust-laden airflow drawn from the material-feeding sealed cavity, separating the material dust in the dust-laden airflow from the airflow. The clean airflow is discharged into the inner pipe (13), while the separated material dust enters the dust discharge pipe (14). Driven by the screw conveyor (18), it re-enters the lower part of the material-feeding sealed cavity and is discharged onto the lower conveyor belt via the flexible buffer material-feeding device (16), allowing small-diameter materials to return to the belt conveyor system. A small amount of dust caused by impact can re-enter the extraction pipeline (9) under the drive of the airflow inside the material-feeding sealed cavity for gas-solid separation again.

8. The dust removal method of the high-efficiency dust suppression device applicable to material conveying and transfer points according to claim 7, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the airflow size of the dust separation net (5) is as follows: In the formula: It is the airflow velocity in the upper mesh of the dust separation net, in m / s; It is the particle density of the material, kg / m³ 3 ; It is the fluid density, kg / m³ 3 ; It is the acceleration due to gravity, 9.81 m / s². 2 ; It is the particle size D of the material. 25 ,m; It is the particle size D of the material. 25 The numerical ratio of the mesh size of the upper layer of the dust separation net to the mesh size of the lower layer; It is the drag coefficient, and the calculation formula is: In the formula: It is the Reynolds number, and the formula for its calculation is: In the formula: It is the fluid dynamic viscosity, Pa·s.

9. A dust removal method for a high-efficiency dust suppression device suitable for conveying and transferring materials at a transfer point, as described in claim 7, is characterized in that... The formulas for calculating the height and distance of the baffle plate (3) are as follows: In the formula: The height of the baffle plate below the upper conveyor belt, in meters; The speed of the upper belt is expressed in m / s.

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