Small animal allograft osteochondral transplant device

Abstract

The application provides a small animal allogeneic osteochondral transplantation device, characterized by comprising a small animal defect model molding device and an allogeneic osteochondral graft extraction and implantation device; the small animal defect model molding device comprises a sharp-bottomed hand bone drill and a flat-bottomed hand bone drill; the sharp-bottomed hand bone drill is used for preliminary molding of a small animal defect model; the flat-bottomed hand bone drill is used for flattening and shaping of the small animal defect model; the allogeneic osteochondral graft extraction and implantation device comprises a multifunctional transplantation device and a multifunctional measuring device; the multifunctional transplantation device is used for extracting an allogeneic osteochondral graft; the multifunctional measuring device is used for measuring the depth of the small animal defect model and pushing the allogeneic osteochondral graft extracted from the multifunctional transplantation device into the small animal defect model. The device can simply, quickly and high-qualityly manufacture a small animal osteochondral transplantation model.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of allogeneic osteocartilage transplantation in small animals, and more specifically, to an instrument for allogeneic osteocartilage transplantation in small animals. Background Technology

[0002] Articular cartilage defects are a common condition that causes pain, swelling, dysfunction, and accelerates joint degeneration. Because cartilage lacks nerves and blood vessels, it cannot repair itself once damaged, making treatment particularly challenging for young adults with cartilage defects. Osteochondral allograft (OCA) has a long clinical history of repairing osteochondral defects. Extensive clinical research in OCA for cartilage injury has been conducted in the United States, Canada, and other European and American countries, with a 10-year graft survival rate exceeding 75%. Unlike other surgical methods, OCA is a method that integrates clinical and basic research. Although OCA for articular cartilage repair has been practiced in the United States for over 40 years, most research has been clinical, with limited basic research and a lack of mechanistic studies. This may be related to the choice of experimental animals; currently, most osteochondral graft models in research exist in large animals such as pigs, dogs, sheep, and horses. These animals are widely used in osteochondral graft research because they have large knee joint surfaces, making model creation easier. However, these large animals are difficult to modify at the genetic level (due to the scarcity of transgenic large animals, there is a severe lack of prototypes for research, which hinders the development of research), affecting researchers' in-depth study of the mechanism by which OCA repairs articular cartilage, thus hindering basic research.

[0003] Small animals, such as rodents, offer significant advantages over large animals due to the wide variety of transgenic mouse species available, allowing for in-depth mechanistic studies. They also possess advantages such as ease of breeding and raising, low cost, readily available and inexpensive experimental reagents, and fewer ethical concerns. However, rodents have received less attention from researchers because their small knee joints, thin and easily damaged articular cartilage, and fragile subchondral bone make OCA modeling extremely difficult.

[0004] Furthermore, there are currently no dedicated instruments for small animal (rat, mouse) bone and cartilage transplantation. Therefore, in some studies requiring small animal defect models, electric drills are often used. However, powered grinding can easily lead to cartilage defects. Additionally, the twist drills used in electric drills have pointed tips, resulting in a transplant bed that is technically a combination of cylindrical and conical shapes, which is not conducive to filling cylindrical grafts and postoperative recovery in animal recipients. Moreover, the heat generated during powered grinding can damage the integrity of the research subject. In other words, the target research objectives cannot be achieved.

[0005] Furthermore, a similar dilemma arises from the current lack of specialized instruments for obtaining bone and cartilage grafts in small animals. Only instruments from other disciplines, such as dermal trephine drills and ophthalmic trephine drills, can be used to obtain cylindrical grafts. These instruments easily damage the surface of the grafted cartilage during extraction, and because the subchondral bone in rodents is extremely fragile, it is easily crushed by forceps, making it difficult to trim and remove. Consequently, it is impossible to adjust and match the thickness of the graft (e.g., ...). Figure 1 (As shown). Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention aims to overcome the above-mentioned defects and proposes a simple, rapid and efficient small animal osteocartilage transplantation modeling instrument and its operation method, which aims to accelerate the basic research process of allogeneic osteocartilage transplantation, deepen our understanding of this field, and further promote the innovation and development of allogeneic osteocartilage transplantation technology.

[0007] The present invention provides a small animal allogeneic osteocartilage transplantation device for the extraction and implantation of tiny osteocartilage grafts in small animals. The device is characterized by comprising a matching small animal defect modeling device and an allogeneic osteocartilage graft extraction and implantation device.

[0008] Among them, the above-mentioned small animal defect model making device includes a pointed-bottom hand bone grinding drill and a flat-bottom hand bone grinding drill;

[0009] The aforementioned pointed-bottom manual bone-grinding drill was used for preliminary modeling of small animal defect models;

[0010] The aforementioned flat-bottomed hand-operated bone grinding drill is used for leveling and shaping small animal defect models;

[0011] The aforementioned allogeneic osteochondral graft extraction and implantation device includes a multifunctional graft device and a multifunctional measuring device;

[0012] The aforementioned multifunctional graft device is used to extract allogeneic osteochondral grafts.

[0013] The aforementioned multifunctional measuring device measures the depth of the small animal defect model and pushes the allogeneic osteochondral graft extracted from the multifunctional graft into the small animal defect model.

[0014] Furthermore, the small animal allogeneic osteochondral transplantation device provided by the present invention is further characterized in that:

[0015] The aforementioned pointed-bottom hand bone grinding drill includes a pointed-bottom reamer and a handle;

[0016] The aforementioned pointed-bottom reamer is detachably connected to the handle in a perpendicular manner;

[0017] The aforementioned pointed-bottom reamer has graduations on the outer surface of its cutting head.

[0018] Furthermore, the small animal allogeneic osteochondral transplantation device provided by the present invention is further characterized in that:

[0019] The aforementioned flat-bottomed hand bone grinding drill includes a flat-bottomed reamer and a handle;

[0020] The aforementioned flat-bottomed reamer is detachably connected to the handle at a perpendicular angle.

[0021] The flat-bottomed reamer described above has graduations on the outer surface of its blade.

[0022] Furthermore, the small animal allogeneic osteochondral transplantation device provided by the present invention is further characterized in that:

[0023] The outer diameter of the flat-bottomed reamer is the same as that of the pointed-bottomed reamer of the pointed-bottomed hand bone grinding drill.

[0024] Furthermore, the small animal allogeneic osteochondral transplantation device provided by the present invention is further characterized in that:

[0025] The aforementioned multifunctional transplant device includes a graft extraction component and a handle;

[0026] The aforementioned graft extraction component has a hollow structure;

[0027] The aforementioned graft extraction device is detachably connected to the handle perpendicularly to it.

[0028] The head of the aforementioned graft extraction piece has graduations on its outer surface.

[0029] Furthermore, the small animal allogeneic osteochondral transplantation device provided by the present invention is further characterized in that:

[0030] The above-mentioned graft extraction device has a graft thickness measuring section in the middle;

[0031] The graft thickness measuring section has a zero baseline and a scale.

[0032] Furthermore, the small animal allogeneic osteochondral transplantation device provided by the present invention is further characterized in that:

[0033] The aforementioned multi-functional measuring instrument includes a measuring rod and a handle;

[0034] The aforementioned measuring rod is detachably connected to the handle at a perpendicular angle.

[0035] The measuring rod has graduations on its head surface.

[0036] The outer diameter of the aforementioned measuring rod is not greater than the inner diameter of the hollow structure of the graft extraction piece.

[0037] Furthermore, the small animal allogeneic osteochondral transplantation device provided by the present invention is further characterized in that:

[0038] The outer surface of the aforementioned measuring rod also has a zero reference line;

[0039] When the measuring rod is fully inserted into the hollow structure of the graft extraction piece from the handle end, the aforementioned zero baseline coincides with the zero baseline on the graft thickness measuring part.

[0040] Furthermore, the small animal allogeneic osteochondral transplantation device provided by the present invention is further characterized in that:

[0041] The outer diameter of the flat-bottomed reamer of the aforementioned flat-bottomed hand bone grinding drill is the same as the inner diameter of the hollow structure of the graft extraction piece.

[0042] A method for using a small animal allogeneic bone and cartilage transplantation device, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0043] S1. Obtain small animal defect models using a pointed-bottom hand bone grinding drill and a flat-bottom hand bone grinding drill;

[0044] S2. Obtain the graft using a multifunctional grafting device;

[0045] S3. The thickness of the graft is determined using a multi-functional measuring device and then pushed into the small animal defect model via a multi-functional grafting device.

[0046] The function and effects of this invention:

[0047] This invention utilizes a matching small animal defect modeling device and an allogeneic osteocartilage extraction and implantation device. Two manual bone-grinding drills work together to manually grind a cylindrical graft bed. A multi-functional measuring device measures the depth of the graft bed and the thickness of the graft, and ejects the osteocartilage graft from the multi-functional graft unit. The multi-functional graft unit serves multiple purposes, including graft acquisition, trimming, matching, and implantation. This instrument set can be customized to suit the joint size of mice and rats and experimental needs. It enables a series of operations, including osteocartilage defect modeling, graft acquisition, trimming, and implantation, simplifying and standardizing the establishment of small animal osteocartilage transplantation models and facilitating the development and improvement of allogeneic osteocartilage transplantation. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1 Practical photographs and staining results of extracting small animal osteochondral grafts using existing equipment.

[0049] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a pointed-bottom hand-operated bone grinding drill;

[0050] Figure 3A schematic diagram of the structure of a flat-bottomed hand-operated bone grinding drill;

[0051] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the multi-functional measuring instrument;

[0052] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the multifunctional transplant device;

[0053] Figure 6 Flowchart of bone bed modeling and graft implantation;

[0054] Figure 7 The posterior knee joint trochlea;

[0055] Figure 8 Use a pointed-bottom hand bone drill to locate the articular cartilage in the trochlear region of the recipient knee joint;

[0056] Figure 9 A circular cartilage defect model was created using a pointed-bottom hand-operated bone drill.

[0057] Figure 10 Use a flat-bottomed hand bone grinder to grind down the cartilage defect area;

[0058] Figure 11 A cylindrical bone graft bed was prepared using a flat-bottomed hand-grinding bone drill.

[0059] Figure 12 Locate the harvesting site corresponding to the recipient's bone bed at the donor's knee trochlea site;

[0060] Figure 13 The state after transplantation;

[0061] Figure 14 Micro-CT scan showed that the graft was a successful match with the transplant bone bed;

[0062] Figure 15 Two-dimensional and three-dimensional images show that the graft completely fills the transplant bone bed;

[0063] Figure 16 A 1 mm diameter osteochondral transplantation model was created in the trochlea of ​​the rat knee joint.

[0064] Figure 17 A 1 mm diameter osteochondral transplantation model was created in the trochlea region of the mouse knee joint. Detailed Implementation

[0065] This embodiment provides a small animal allogeneic osteocartilage transplantation device for the extraction and implantation of tiny osteocartilage grafts in small animals. It includes a matching small animal defect modeling device and an allogeneic osteocartilage extraction and implantation device.

[0066] Among them, the modeling device for small animal defect models includes a pointed-bottom manual bone grinding drill (such as... Figure 2 ) and flat-bottomed hand-operated bone grinding drill (such as Figure 3 );

[0067] Allogeneic osteochondral extraction and implantation device, including a multifunctional graft (such as...) Figure 5 ) and multi-functional measuring instruments (such as Figure 4 );

[0068] like Figure 2 As shown, the pointed-bottom hand bone grinding drill includes a pointed-bottom reamer 101 and a handle 104;

[0069] The pointed-bottom reamer 101 is detachably connected to the handle 104 via a detachable device 103, and they are perpendicular to each other.

[0070] The detachable device 103 is an internal thread nut, which matches the external thread of the connection position between the pointed bottom reamer 101 and the handle 104. After the pointed bottom reamer 101 passes through the through hole in the middle of the handle 104 into the handle, the nut is sleeved on the outside of the reamer and tightened to achieve a fixed connection between the two.

[0071] The pointed bottom reamer 101 has a scale 102 on the outer surface of the cutting head.

[0072] The purpose of a pointed-bottom hand-operated bone drill is to position and prevent slippage when creating defects on cartilage that are cylindrical in shape and conical at the bottom.

[0073] like Figure 3 As shown, the flat-bottomed hand bone grinding drill includes a flat-bottomed reamer 201 and a handle 204;

[0074] The flat-bottomed reamer 201 is detachably connected to the handle 204 via a detachable device 203 (same as above), which is perpendicular to each other.

[0075] The pointed bottom reamer 201 has a scale 202 on the outer surface of the cutting head.

[0076] The purpose of a flat-bottomed hand bone grinding drill is to process the defective areas created by grinding with a pointed-bottomed hand bone grinding drill, ultimately forming a cylindrical bone graft bed of appropriate depth.

[0077] like Figure 4 As shown, the multi-functional measuring instrument includes a cylindrical measuring rod 301 and a handle 305;

[0078] The cylindrical measuring rod 301 is detachably connected to the handle 305 perpendicularly via a detachable device 304 (same as above);

[0079] The cylindrical measuring rod 301 has a scale 302 on the outer surface of the blade tip, and a 0-gradient mark line 303 corresponding to the multi-functional transplanter.

[0080] The function of this multi-functional measuring instrument is to measure the depth of the transplant bone bed, measure the thickness of the graft in conjunction with the multi-functional grafting instrument, and trim the graft.

[0081] like Figure 5 As shown, the multifunctional transplanter includes a graft retrieval component 401 and a handle 405;

[0082] The graft extraction device 401 has a conical opening and a hollow structure, which can accommodate the cylindrical measuring rod 301 to enter and exit. The entry and exit end is 406, which is connected to the detachable handle 405 through a detachable device 404 (same as above) in a perpendicular manner.

[0083] The graft retrieval device 401 has a scale 402 on its outer surface and a graft thickness measuring device 403. The graft thickness measuring device has a 0 baseline and a scale. When the scale mark line 303 of the multi-functional measuring device is aligned with the 0 on the graft thickness measuring device 403, the bottom of the multi-functional measuring device is flush with the bottom of the multi-functional transplanter (the distance from the scale mark line to the bottom of the multi-functional measuring device = the distance from the 0 scale to the graft acquisition cone opening).

[0084] The functions of this multifunctional grafting device are: to acquire grafts, measure graft thickness, trim grafts, and match graft shape.

[0085] The procedure for small animal allogeneic osteochondral transplantation using the above kit is as follows: Figure 6 As shown:

[0086] The animals used in this experimental transplantation were 10-week-old female Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 220g-260g; the transplantation site was the posterior knee trochlea; the transplantation instruments used were intended to create a 2mm diameter bone bed and a 2mm diameter allogeneic osteochondral graft.

[0087] S1. Bone bed fabrication: Models of cartilage defects in small animals are generally selected at the posterior knee trochlea (see...). Figure 7 The cartilage surface is very smooth, so a pointed-bottom hand bone drill (see...) is used for manufacturing. Figure 8 )Location receptor: articular cartilage at the trochlea of ​​the knee joint (see Figure 7 Manually rotate the bone drill to create a circular cartilage defect (see...). Figure 9 ).

[0088] Then, a flat-bottomed hand bone drill was used to grind down the cartilage defect area (see...). Figure 10 This allows the bone drill to be shaped into the cylindrical defect required for the model. The cartilage and subchondral bone of small animals are relatively fragile; by applying force with the handle, the bone drill can easily penetrate, ultimately forming a cylindrical graft bone bed (see...). Figure 11This process requires repeated rinsing with saline solution, both to keep the cartilage moist and to flush out bone debris and blood. During modeling, the depth of the graft bed is roughly measured using the scale on the drill bit, and then precisely measured using a measuring rod. Sterile markers are used to mark the 12 o'clock and 3 o'clock positions (this is to ensure uniformity of the graft's external appearance), and the values ​​are recorded.

[0089] S2. Graft Acquisition: Locate the corresponding position in the recipient's graft bed at the donor's knee trochlea (see...). Figure 12 A multi-functional grafting device is used to align with the donor's healthy cartilage. A sterile marker is used to mark the 12 o'clock and 3 o'clock positions to facilitate shape matching during graft implantation. The graft is retrieved by tapping the handle with a hammer or manually pressing the handle.

[0090] S3. Graft Implantation: The multi-functional measuring instrument is inserted into the multi-functional graft device through the through-hole 406 at the handle end. The scale markings 303 on the multi-functional measuring instrument, in conjunction with the graft scale value 403 in the middle of the bone harvester, can measure the graft thickness. If the graft thickness is too long, gently push the multi-functional measuring instrument until the graft thickness matches the depth of the graft bed. Then, use scissors or a scalpel to remove excess subchondral bone from the conical opening 401. Subsequently, align the conical opening 401 of the multi-functional graft device with the graft bed, with the 12 and 3 o'clock positions of the graft corresponding to the 12 and 3 o'clock positions of the graft bed. The graft is fully inserted into the graft bed under the push of the multi-functional measuring instrument, and the graft and graft bed are matched in shape (see...). Figure 13 ).

[0091] Micro-CT scans showed a successful match between the graft and the bone bed (see...). Figure 14 Furthermore, two-dimensional and three-dimensional images show that the graft completely fills the transplant bed (see...). Figure 15 ).

[0092] In addition, this invention created osteochondral graft models with a diameter of 1 mm in the trochlea of ​​the knee joint in rats and mice (see...). Figure 16 , 17 All grafts were perfectly implanted, and the shape of the grafts matched the shape of the transplanted bone bed. The effect of this embodiment:

[0093] This embodiment provides a novel set of cartilage modeling and transplantation instruments for small animals.

[0094] The kit in this embodiment is precisely manufactured, allowing for the transplantation of mouse osteocartilage grafts with a diameter of 0.5-1 mm and rat osteocartilage grafts with a diameter of 0.5-2 mm. The graft thickness can be adjusted according to the depth of the transplantation bone bed using a multi-functional grafting device, ensuring a perfect match between the graft thickness, shape, and depth of the transplantation bone bed.

[0095] The kit in this embodiment uses manual modeling throughout the entire process, without powered material harvesting. Firstly, rats have small knee joints and fragile bones, making it easy to puncture with a powered drill, and it's difficult to accurately determine the depth of the transplant bone bed. Secondly, powered drills can cause thermal damage to the healthy cartilage and allogeneic grafts surrounding the transplant bone bed; compared to manual harvesting, powered harvesting has been shown to reduce chondrocyte viability.

[0096] All instruments in the example kit have detachable handles and rods. If the reamer or bone harvester is damaged, the corresponding rod can be replaced after disassembly, reducing costs.

[0097] The kit in this embodiment perfectly overcomes the three major difficulties in osteochondral transplantation in small animals: (1) Mouse knee joints are small, and the grafts obtained are even smaller, often making it impossible to trim and process the grafts. (2) Osteochondrial grafts are particularly fragile, and using forceps or other holding tools may damage the grafts. (3) It is difficult to match the shape of the graft with the transplant bone bed. If the shape of the graft and the transplant bone bed do not match when the allogeneic graft is implanted, it will lead to the inability of the recipient joint function to be restored, and the transplantation will ultimately fail.

[0098] The kit devices in the embodiments include, but are not limited to, allogeneic osteochondral transplantation, and can perform the following operations, including tissue engineering techniques, autologous osteochondral transplantation, xenogeneic osteochondral transplantation, etc.

Claims

1. A small animal allogeneic osteocartilage transplantation device, for the extraction and implantation of tiny osteocartilage grafts in small animals, characterized in that: It includes a matching small animal defect modeling device, as well as an allogeneic osteochondral graft extraction and implantation device; The small animal defect model making device includes a pointed-bottom hand bone grinding drill and a flat-bottom hand bone grinding drill. The pointed-bottom hand bone grinding drill is used for preliminary modeling of small animal defect models. It includes a pointed-bottom reamer and a handle. The pointed-bottom reamer is detachably connected to the handle in a mutually perpendicular manner. The outer surface of the pointed-bottom reamer tip has graduations. The flat-bottomed hand bone grinding drill is used for leveling and shaping small animal defect models. It includes a flat-bottomed reamer and a handle. The flat-bottomed reamer is detachably connected to the handle in a mutually perpendicular manner. The outer surface of the blade of the flat-bottomed reamer has a scale. The allogeneic osteochondral graft extraction and implantation device includes a multifunctional transplanter and a multifunctional measuring device. The multi-functional measuring device includes a cylindrical measuring rod and a handle; The cylindrical measuring rod is connected to the handle perpendicularly via a detachable device. The cylindrical measuring rod has a scale on the outer surface of the blade tip, as well as a 0-degree mark line corresponding to the multifunctional transplanter; The multifunctional transplanter includes a graft extraction component and a handle; The graft extraction device has a conical opening and a hollow structure to accommodate the cylindrical measuring rod. It is connected to the detachable handle perpendicularly via the detachable device. The head of the graft extraction device has a scale and a graft thickness measuring device on its outer surface. The graft thickness measuring device has a 0 baseline and a scale. When the scale marking line of the multifunctional measuring device is aligned with the 0 on the graft thickness measuring device, the bottom of the multifunctional measuring device is flush with the bottom of the multifunctional transplanter. The multifunctional graft device extracts allogeneic osteochondral grafts; The multifunctional measuring device measures the depth of the small animal defect model and pushes the allogeneic osteochondral graft extracted from the multifunctional transplanter into the small animal defect model.

2. The small animal allogeneic bone and cartilage transplantation device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the flat-bottomed reamer is the same as the outer diameter of the pointed-bottomed reamer of the pointed-bottomed hand bone grinding drill. The outer diameter of the flat-bottomed reamer of the flat-bottomed hand bone grinding drill is the same as the inner diameter of the hollow structure of the graft extraction piece.

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