Method for calculating income maximization inclination angle of distributed photovoltaic power station

Abstract

The invention discloses a distributed photovoltaic power station income maximization inclination angle calculation method in the technical field of photovoltaic power stations, and the method comprises the following steps: calculating the monthly average total irradiation amount of an inclined plane through the solar irradiation amount data of each month on a horizontal plane, and obtaining an inclination angle corresponding to the monthly average maximum total irradiation amount; obtaining a maximum inclination angle and a minimum inclination angle from the inclination angle set corresponding to the monthly average maximum total irradiation amount, making equal-part inclination angles between the maximum inclination angle and the minimum inclination angle, and calculating the monthly total irradiation amount corresponding to the equal-part inclination angles in each month; obtaining monthly electricity consumption data of the user in the photovoltaic power generation period in each month and calculating a monthly average electricity price; and calculating the monthly power generation income of the user in each month by using the total monthly irradiation amount, the monthly average electricity price and the on-grid electricity price, and calculating the annual power utilization income of the user. On the basis that the overall structure of the photovoltaic power station is not changed, the investment income of a user can be improved to the maximum extent by changing the inclination angle of the support of the photovoltaic power station.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power stations, and in particular to a method for calculating an inclination angle that maximizes the benefits of a distributed photovoltaic power station. Background Art

[0002] With the deteriorating environment and the deepening of human environmental awareness, photovoltaic power generation has become one of the important means to solve energy and environmental problems. Compared with centralized photovoltaic power stations, distributed photovoltaic power stations are built near user sites and have developed rapidly by following the principles of adapting measures to local conditions, clean and efficient, decentralized layout, and nearby utilization.

[0003] At present, distributed photovoltaic power stations are mainly built on the roofs of user buildings, using flat or fixed bracket modes. Photovoltaic power stations also determine the maximum annual power generation based on the specific conditions of the building roof and the maximum area utilization rate combined with the user's transformer capacity, and the surplus power access mode (on-grid electricity price is less than the electricity price). This mode generally adopts fixed flat or the best tilt photovoltaic power station design according to GB50797-2012 "Photovoltaic Power Station Design Specification". Since the solar radiation (that is, the radiation) is different in the four seasons of the year, and the user's electricity consumption in each month is also different, and the electricity price at different times is also different, the existing design scheme will maximize the total annual radiation received by the photovoltaic array, but it cannot maximize the investment return of the photovoltaic power station.

[0004] Therefore, how to maximize the investment returns of distributed photovoltaic power stations without changing the structure of the photovoltaic power stations has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently by technical personnel in this field. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a distributed photovoltaic power station profit maximization inclination angle calculation method to solve the technical problem that the existing distributed photovoltaic power stations cannot maximize the user's investment returns.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for calculating the tilt angle for maximizing the benefits of a distributed photovoltaic power station, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Obtain historical data on solar radiation on the horizontal plane where the distributed photovoltaic power station is located, and calculate the monthly average direct radiation on the horizontal plane for each month and monthly average diffuse radiation

[0008] Average monthly direct radiation and monthly average diffuse radiation Calculate the average monthly radiation amount on the inclined surface for each month And calculate the inclination angle β corresponding to the monthly average maximum radiation amount on the inclined surface in each monthn ;

[0009] The inclination angle β corresponding to the monthly average maximum total radiation n Get the maximum inclination angle β in the collection max and the minimum inclination angle β min , and at the maximum inclination angle β max and the minimum inclination angle β min Make equal inclination angle β i , calculate the inclination angle β of each month and equal parts i The corresponding monthly radiation amount H Tni , i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2;

[0010] Get the monthly electricity consumption P of the user during the photovoltaic power generation period in each month n and monthly electricity cost Q n , and calculate the monthly average electricity price μ for users during the photovoltaic power generation period n ,

[0011] Calculate the monthly power generation income PB of users in each month ni ; When the power generation is less than or equal to the power consumption, PB ni =H Tni ×η×μ n ; When the power generation is greater than the power consumption, PB ni =Q n +(H Tni ×η-P n )×μ pn , η is the energy conversion rate of photovoltaic power generation; μ pn is the on-grid electricity price of the photovoltaic power station;

[0012] Calculate the user's annual power generation revenue PB i , Among them, the annual power generation income PB i The maximum value corresponds to the equal inclination angle β i To maximize the inclination angle for profit.

[0013] Preferably, The calculation formula is:

[0014]

[0015] is the monthly average total radiation on the inclined surface in month n; is the monthly average direct radiation on the inclined surface in month n; is the monthly average diffuse radiation on the inclined surface in month n; is the monthly average reflected irradiance on the inclined surface in month n; is the ratio of the average direct radiation between the inclined surface and the horizontal surface in month n; is the monthly average solar radiation on the horizontal surface outside the atmosphere in month n; β is the inclination of the inclined surface; ρ is the surface reflectivity.

[0016] Preferably, The calculation formula is:

[0017]

[0018] The calculation formula is:

[0019]

[0020] Among them, φ is the local latitude; δ is the solar declination angle; ω is the solar hour angle; t is the number of days from January 1; k is the number of days in month n.

[0021] Preferably, when calculating the monthly average maximum total radiation, the value of β gradually increases from 0 to 90° according to an arithmetic progression.

[0022] Preferably, at the maximum inclination angle β max and the minimum inclination angle β min Make equal inclination angle β i When the inclination angle of two adjacent equal parts is i The difference is equal to the common difference of the arithmetic sequence.

[0023] Preferably, the tolerance of the arithmetic progression is 0.1°.

[0024] Preferably, the calculation formula of η is: is the annual average total irradiation on the inclined surface; P is the annual total power generation of the user during the photovoltaic power generation period.

[0025] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0026] The present invention uses the solar radiation on the horizontal plane of the location of the photovoltaic power station in each month of the year to calculate the monthly average total radiation of each month under different inclination angles, uses a statistical method to calculate the user's electricity consumption data in the photovoltaic power generation period of each month of the year, calculates the monthly power generation income through the electricity consumption data and the monthly average total radiation under different inclination angles, and then obtains the annual power generation income under different inclination angles, so that the inclination angle corresponding to the maximum annual power generation income is the inclination angle that maximizes the investment income. For customer-oriented distributed photovoltaic power station investment, without changing the overall structure of the photovoltaic power station, the user's investment income can be maximized by changing the inclination angle of the photovoltaic power station bracket. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1Flowchart of the tilt angle calculation method for maximizing the benefits of distributed photovoltaic power stations. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0031] Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, “plurality” means two or more.

[0032] Examples, such as Figure 1 As shown, a distributed photovoltaic power station benefit maximization inclination angle calculation method includes the following steps:

[0033] Step 1: Obtain the historical data of solar radiation on the horizontal plane where the distributed photovoltaic power station is located, and calculate the monthly average direct radiation on the horizontal plane in each month and monthly average diffuse radiation

[0034] Step 2: Use the monthly average direct radiation and monthly average diffuse radiation Calculate the average monthly radiation amount on the inclined surface for each month And calculate the inclination angle β corresponding to the monthly average maximum radiation amount on the inclined surface in each month n .

[0035] Step 3: From the inclination angle β corresponding to the monthly average maximum radiation amount of each month n Get the maximum inclination angle β in the collection max and the minimum inclination angle β min , and at the maximum inclination angle β max and the minimum inclination angle β min Make equal inclination angle β i , calculate the inclination angle β of each month and equal parts i The corresponding monthly radiation amount H Tni , i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0036] Step 4: Obtain the monthly electricity consumption P of the user during the photovoltaic power generation period in each month n and monthly electricity cost Q n , and calculate the monthly average electricity price μ for users during the photovoltaic power generation period n .

[0037] Step 5: Calculate the user's power generation revenue PB for each month ni ; When the power generation is less than or equal to the power consumption, PB ni =H Tni ×η×μ n ; When the power generation is greater than the power consumption, PB ni =Q n +(H Tni ×η-P n )×μ pn , η is the energy conversion rate of photovoltaic power generation; μ pn is the on-grid electricity price of the photovoltaic power station.

[0038] Step 6: Calculate the user's annual power generation revenue PB i , Among them, the annual power generation income PB i The maximum value corresponds to the equal inclination angle β i To maximize the inclination angle for profit.

[0039] This application uses the solar radiation on the horizontal plane at the location of the photovoltaic power station in each month of the year to calculate the monthly average total radiation for each month at different inclinations, and uses statistical methods to calculate the user's electricity consumption data during the photovoltaic power generation period in each month of the year. The monthly power generation income is calculated by the electricity consumption data and the monthly average total radiation at different inclinations, and then the annual power generation income at different inclinations is obtained, so that the inclination angle corresponding to the maximum annual power generation income is the inclination angle that maximizes the investment return. For customer-oriented distributed photovoltaic power station investment, without changing the overall structure of the photovoltaic power station, the user's investment return can be maximized by changing the inclination angle of the photovoltaic power station bracket.

[0040] Specific embodiment 1, as Figure 1As shown, a distributed photovoltaic power station benefit maximization inclination angle calculation method includes the following steps:

[0041] Step 1: Determine the location of the photovoltaic power station, local latitude φ = 31.17°; the surface reflectivity of the cement floor ρ = 0.35; the desulfurization benchmark on-grid electricity price μ pn =0.4155 yuan / kWh.

[0042] First, query the historical data of solar radiation on the local horizontal plane from the meteorological station where the photovoltaic power station is located (the construction site), and then calculate (round off the calculation result) the monthly average direct radiation of each month in the 12 months of the year on the horizontal plane. The calculation formula is:

[0043]

[0044] Calculate the average monthly diffuse radiation on the horizontal plane for each of the 12 months of the year The calculation formula is:

[0045]

[0046] Among them, H bn is the monthly direct radiation on the horizontal plane in month n, H dn is the monthly scattered radiation on the horizontal plane in month n, n is a positive integer from 1 to 12, and m is the query year. In this embodiment, m=5.

[0047] Table 1. Five-year historical data of monthly direct radiation on the horizontal plane where the photovoltaic power station is located

[0048]

[0049] Table 2. Five-year historical data of monthly scattered radiation on the horizontal plane where the photovoltaic power station is located

[0050]

[0051] Step 2: Calculate the average monthly radiation amount on the inclined surface (the upper surface of the photovoltaic panel) in each month And calculate the inclination angle β corresponding to the monthly average maximum radiation amount on the inclined surface in each month n ;

[0052] Among them, the monthly average total radiation on the inclined surface is The calculation formula related to the inclination angle β of the inclined surface can be any known calculation formula, and the following is only an exemplary description to introduce one of them in detail:

[0053]

[0054] The calculation formula is:

[0055]

[0056] The calculation formula is:

[0057]

[0058] in, is the monthly average total radiation on the inclined surface in month n; is the monthly average direct radiation on the inclined surface in month n; is the monthly average diffuse radiation on the inclined surface in month n; is the monthly average reflected irradiance on the inclined surface in month n; is the ratio of the average direct radiation between the inclined surface and the horizontal surface in month n; is the monthly average solar radiation on the horizontal plane outside the atmosphere in month n; β is the inclination of the inclined surface; ρ is the surface reflectivity; φ is the local latitude; δ is the solar declination angle (known parameter); ω is the solar hour angle (known parameter); t is the number of days from January 1; k is the number of days in month n.

[0059] In calculating the monthly average maximum total radiation (monthly average total radiation The inclination angle β of the inclined surface is gradually increased from 0 to 90° with a tolerance of 0.1°, so as to obtain the β values ​​corresponding to the monthly average maximum irradiation of the 12 months of the year. n , that is, calculate a β every month n .

[0060] Table 3. Corresponding relationship between the monthly average maximum radiation and the inclination angle β for the 12 months of the year

[0061]

[0062] Step 3: The inclination angle β corresponding to the monthly average maximum radiation amount of the whole year calculated from step 2 is n Get the maximum inclination angle β in the collection max and the minimum inclination angle β min , and at the maximum inclination angle β max and the minimum inclination angle β min Make equal inclination angle β i , calculate the inclination angle β for each month and each equal part i The corresponding monthly radiation amount H Tni , i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0063] Step 4: Obtain the user's electricity consumption data for each month during the photovoltaic power generation period (before photovoltaic power generation). The electricity consumption data includes monthly electricity consumption P n and monthly electricity cost Q n , and calculate the monthly average electricity price μ for users during the photovoltaic power generation period n ,

[0064]

[0065] Table 4. Average monthly electricity prices for the 12 months of the year

[0066]

[0067] It should be noted that step 4 can also be placed before any of step 1, step 2 or step 3.

[0068] Step 5: Calculate the monthly power generation revenue PB of the user in each month ni .

[0069] When the power generation is less than or equal to the power consumption, PB ni =H Tni ×η×μ n ;

[0070] When the power generation is greater than the power consumption, PB ni =Q n +(H Tni ×η-P n )×μ pn , η is the energy conversion rate of photovoltaic power generation; μ pn is the on-grid electricity price of the photovoltaic power station.

[0071] Among them, the energy conversion rate η of photovoltaic power generation can be provided by the photovoltaic equipment manufacturer, or it can be calculated according to the actual power generation. The calculation formula of η is: is the annual average total irradiation on the inclined surface; P is the annual total power generation of the user during the photovoltaic power generation period.

[0072] Step 6: Calculate the user's annual power generation revenue PB i , Among them, the annual power generation income PB i The maximum value corresponds to the equal inclination angle β i To maximize the inclination angle, that is, for different equal parts of the inclination angle β i Monthly power generation income PB ni Add up the 12 months of the year to get multiple equal inclination angles β i One-to-one corresponding annual power generation income PB i , find out multiple annual power generation revenue PB iThe maximum value is 4348.30, and the corresponding equal-division inclination angle β i =30.4° is the profit maximizing inclination angle.

[0073] Specific embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, a distributed photovoltaic power station benefit maximization inclination angle calculation method includes the following steps:

[0074] Step 1: Determine the location of the photovoltaic power station, local latitude φ = 40.05°; the surface reflectivity of the cement floor ρ = 0.35; the desulfurization benchmark on-grid electricity price μ pn =0.332 yuan / kWh.

[0075] First, query the historical data of solar radiation on the local horizontal plane from the meteorological station where the photovoltaic power station is located (the construction site), and then calculate (round off the calculation result) the monthly average direct radiation of each month in the 12 months of the year on the horizontal plane.

[0076]

[0077] Calculate the average monthly diffuse radiation on the horizontal plane for each of the 12 months of the year

[0078]

[0079] Among them, H bn is the monthly direct radiation on the horizontal plane in month n, H dn is the monthly scattered radiation on the horizontal plane in month n, n is a positive integer from 1 to 12, and m is the query year. In this embodiment, m=5.

[0080] Table 5. Five-year historical data of monthly direct radiation on the horizontal plane where the photovoltaic power station is located

[0081]

[0082] Table 6. Five-year historical data of monthly scattered radiation on the horizontal plane where the photovoltaic power station is located

[0083]

[0084] Step 2: Calculate the average monthly radiation amount on the inclined surface (the upper surface of the photovoltaic panel) in each month And calculate the inclination angle β corresponding to the monthly average maximum radiation amount on the inclined surface in each month n ;

[0085] Among them, the monthly average total radiation on the inclined surface is The calculation formula related to the inclination angle β of the inclined surface can be any known calculation formula, and the following is only an exemplary description to introduce one of them in detail:

[0086]

[0087] The calculation formula is:

[0088]

[0089] The calculation formula is:

[0090]

[0091] in, is the monthly average total radiation on the inclined surface in month n; is the monthly average direct radiation on the inclined surface in month n; is the monthly average diffuse radiation on the inclined surface in month n; is the monthly average reflected irradiance on the inclined surface in month n; is the ratio of the average direct radiation between the inclined surface and the horizontal surface in month n; is the monthly average solar radiation on the horizontal surface outside the atmosphere in month n; β is the inclination of the inclined surface; ρ is the surface reflectivity; φ is the local latitude; δ is the solar declination angle (known parameter); is the monthly average value of the solar declination angle; ω is the solar hour angle (known parameter); is the monthly average of the solar hour angle; t is the number of days from January 1 (for example, to calculate H on January 2 o At t = 1, calculate H on January 5 o When t=4, k is the day of month n.

[0092] Table 7. Monthly average values ​​of solar declination and solar hour angle

[0093]

[0094] In calculating the monthly average maximum total radiation (monthly average total radiation The inclination angle β of the inclined surface is gradually increased from 0 to 90° with a tolerance of 0.1°, so as to obtain the β values ​​corresponding to the monthly average maximum irradiation of the 12 months of the year. n , that is, calculate a β every month n .

[0095] Table 8. Corresponding relationship between the monthly average maximum radiation and the inclination angle β for the 12 months of the year

[0096]

[0097] Step 3: The inclination angle β corresponding to the monthly average maximum radiation amount of the whole year calculated from step 2 is n Get the maximum inclination angle β in the collection max and the minimum inclination angle β min , and at the maximum inclination angle β max and the minimum inclination angle β min Make equal inclination angle β i , calculate the inclination angle β for each month and each equal part i The corresponding monthly radiation amount H Tni , i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0098] Specifically, except for the maximum inclination angle β max and the minimum inclination angle β min In addition, the inclination angle of two adjacent equal parts is β i The difference is 0.1°, so that each equal part has an inclination angle β i The value of is the same as the value of the inclination angle β in the calculation of the monthly average radiation in step 2, so the monthly average radiation calculated in step 2 is used to calculate the monthly average radiation. This reduces the amount of calculation.

[0099] Step 4: Obtain the user's electricity consumption data for each month during the photovoltaic power generation period (before photovoltaic power generation). The electricity consumption data includes monthly electricity consumption P n and monthly electricity cost Q n , and calculate the monthly average electricity price μ for users during the photovoltaic power generation period n ,

[0100]

[0101] Table 9. Average monthly electricity prices for the 12 months of the year

[0102]

[0103] Step 5: Calculate the monthly power generation revenue PB of the user in each month ni .

[0104] When the power generation is less than or equal to the power consumption, PB ni =H Tni ×η×μ n ;

[0105] When the power generation is greater than the power consumption, PB ni =Q n +(H Tni ×η-P n )×μ pn , η is the energy conversion rate of photovoltaic power generation; μ pnis the on-grid electricity price of the photovoltaic power station.

[0106] Among them, the energy conversion rate η of photovoltaic power generation can be provided by the photovoltaic equipment manufacturer, or it can be calculated according to the actual power generation. The calculation formula of η is: is the annual average total irradiation on the inclined surface; P is the annual total power generation of the user during the photovoltaic power generation period.

[0107] Step 6: Calculate the user's annual power generation revenue PB i , Among them, the annual power generation income PB i The maximum value corresponds to the equal inclination angle β i To maximize the inclination angle, that is, for different equal parts of the inclination angle β i Monthly power generation income PB ni Add up the 12 months of the year to get multiple equal inclination angles β i One-to-one corresponding annual power generation income PB i , find out multiple annual power generation revenue PB i The maximum value is 3617.14, and the corresponding equal inclination angle β i =54.3° is the profit maximizing inclination angle.

[0108] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the inclination angle for maximizing the benefits of a distributed photovoltaic power station, characterized in that: The steps include: Obtain historical data on solar radiation on the horizontal plane where the distributed photovoltaic power station is located, and calculate the monthly average direct radiation on the horizontal plane for each month and monthly average diffuse radiation Average monthly direct radiation and the monthly average diffuse radiation H dn Calculate the average monthly radiation amount on the inclined surface for each month And calculate the inclination angle β corresponding to the monthly average maximum radiation amount on the inclined surface in each month n ; The inclination angle β corresponding to the monthly average maximum total radiation n Get the maximum inclination angle β in the collection max and the minimum inclination angle β min , and at the maximum inclination angle β max and the minimum inclination angle β min Make equal inclination angle β i , calculate the inclination angle β of each month and equal parts i The corresponding monthly radiation amount H Tn i, i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; Get the monthly electricity consumption P of the user during the photovoltaic power generation period in each month n and monthly electricity cost Q n , and calculate the monthly average electricity price μ for users during the photovoltaic power generation period n , Calculate the monthly power generation income PB of users in each month ni ; When the power generation is less than or equal to the power consumption, PB ni =H Tni ×η×μ n ; When the power generation is greater than the power consumption, PB ni =Q n +(H Tni ×η-P n )×μ pn , η is the energy conversion rate of photovoltaic power generation; μ pn is the on-grid electricity price of the photovoltaic power station; Calculate the user's annual power generation revenue PB i , Among them, the annual power generation income PB i The maximum value corresponds to the equal inclination angle β i To maximize the inclination angle for profit.

2. A distributed photovoltaic power station benefit maximization inclination angle calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation formula is: is the monthly average total radiation on the inclined surface in month n; is the monthly average direct radiation on the inclined surface in month n; is the monthly average diffuse radiation on the inclined surface in month n; is the monthly average reflected irradiance on the inclined surface in month n; is the ratio of the average direct radiation between the inclined surface and the horizontal surface in month n; is the monthly average solar radiation on the horizontal surface outside the atmosphere in month n; β is the inclination of the inclined surface; ρ is the surface reflectivity.

3. A distributed photovoltaic power station benefit maximization inclination angle calculation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The calculation formula is: The calculation formula is: Among them, φ is the local latitude; δ is the solar declination angle; ω is the solar hour angle; t is the number of days from January 1; k is the number of days in month n.

4. A distributed photovoltaic power station benefit maximization inclination angle calculation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: When calculating the monthly average maximum total radiation, the value of β increases gradually from 0 to 90° according to an arithmetic progression.

5. A distributed photovoltaic power station benefit maximization inclination angle calculation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: At the maximum inclination angle β max and the minimum inclination angle β min Make equal inclination angle β i When the inclination angle of two adjacent equal parts is i The difference is equal to the common difference of the arithmetic sequence.

6. A distributed photovoltaic power station benefit maximization inclination angle calculation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The tolerance of the arithmetic progression is 0.1°.

7. A distributed photovoltaic power station benefit maximization inclination angle calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation formula of η is: is the annual average total irradiation on the inclined surface; P is the annual total power generation of the user during the photovoltaic power generation period.

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