A rough turning tool path planning method and system for an omni-directional turning tool

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of numerical control machining, and particularly relates to a rough turning tool path planning method and system for an omni-directional turning tool. Based on the positive and negative of the included angle between the starting direction of each line segment in the machining geometry and the rake angle and the relief angle of the tool, the rake interference area and the relief interference area are obtained, the machining geometry is updated, based on the updated machining geometry, the axial allowance and the radial allowance, the region to be machined is obtained, according to the set cutting direction type and the cutting depth of each layer, the region to be machined is divided into a plurality of tool path regions to be cut, based on the set cutting direction type and the machining geometry direction, the cutting direction type and the cutting direction of each tool path region to be cut are determined, according to the cutting direction type and the cutting direction of each tool path region to be cut, the tool path type of each tool path region to be cut is determined, and based on the cutting end point of the i-th tool path region to be cut and the cutting start point of the i+1-th tool path region to be cut, the transition tool path between adjacent regions is constructed. The present application effectively improves the rough turning tool path efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of CNC machining, and in particular to a roughing toolpath planning method and system for omnidirectional turning tools. Background Technology

[0002] An omnidirectional turning tool is a cutting tool capable of cutting in multiple directions, widely used in machining complex-shaped workpieces. The task of roughing is to quickly remove excess material from the workpiece, preparing it for subsequent finishing stages. Traditional turning methods typically rely on cutting in a single direction, while omnidirectional turning tools can cut at multiple angles, significantly improving material removal rate and machining efficiency. To fully leverage the advantages of omnidirectional turning tools, it is necessary to develop roughing toolpath planning methods adapted to their characteristics. This method requires addressing how to optimize the toolpath during machining to achieve efficient and accurate roughing, reduce machining time and tool wear, while maintaining workpiece dimensional accuracy and surface quality.

[0003] The current use of omnidirectional turning tools involves manually writing G-code to achieve omnidirectional turning, which involves complex multi-directional cutting path planning, coordinate system transformation, tool compensation, and cutting parameter settings. Programmers need to handle the details of each cutting path in detail. With the increase in machining complexity and the demand for automation, the requirements for programmers are even higher. Programmers find it difficult to fully optimize toolpaths and cutting parameters, thus failing to take full advantage of omnidirectional turning tools, resulting in reduced roughing toolpath efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, which is that the process of writing and managing omnidirectional toolpaths is complicated, it is difficult to fully optimize toolpaths and cutting parameters, and thus the roughing toolpath efficiency is reduced.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a coarse toolpath planning method for omnidirectional turning tools, comprising the following steps: Obtain machining parameters and tool parameters for the omnidirectional turning tool; Based on the tool rake angle and clearance angle parameters, determine the sign of the starting direction of each line segment in the machining geometry relative to the tool rake angle and clearance angle. Based on the sign of the starting direction of each line segment in the machining geometry and the included angles of the tool's rake angle and clearance angle, the rake angle interference region and clearance angle interference region are obtained, the machining geometry is updated, and the area to be machined is obtained based on the updated machining geometry, axial allowance and radial allowance. Based on the set cutting direction type and the cutting depth of each layer, the area to be processed is divided into multiple toolpath cutting areas. Based on the set cutting direction type and machining geometry, the cutting direction type and cutting direction of each toolpath cutting area are determined. Based on the cutting direction type and cutting direction of each toolpath cutting area, the toolpath type of each toolpath cutting area is determined. Based on the The cutting endpoint of the toolpath to be cut is related to the first toolpath cutting area. The cutting start point of the toolpath to be cut is constructed. The toolpath area to be cut is related to the first toolpath area. The transition toolpath between the cutting areas of each toolpath , This represents the total number of areas to be cut in the toolpath.

[0006] Preferably, the machining parameters include: input cutting area, axial allowance, radial allowance, feed rate when cutting into the material, initial feed rate, omnidirectional feed rate, set cutting direction type, machining geometry direction, depth of cut per layer, infeed radius, whether to clean residual corners, upper cutting radius parameter, and minimum upper cutting amount; wherein, the input cutting area includes: machining geometry and blank geometry, and the set cutting direction type includes: horizontal, alternating horizontal, vertical, alternating vertical, alternating horizontal and vertical, and alternating vertical and horizontal; The tool parameters for an omnidirectional turning tool include: the rake angle parameter and the clearance angle parameter.

[0007] Preferably, the step of obtaining the rake angle interference region and the clearance angle interference region based on the positive and negative values ​​of the starting directions of each line segment in the machining geometry and the rake angle and clearance angle of the tool, updating the machining geometry, and obtaining the area to be machined based on the updated machining geometry, axial allowance, and radial allowance includes: Based on the sign of the angle between the starting direction of each line segment in the machining geometry and the tool rake angle, it is determined whether the current line segment has tool rake angle interference. If it does, a ray with an angle of rake angle with the Y-axis is constructed at the starting point of the line segment. The closed area formed by the ray and the machining geometry is the rake angle interference area. Based on the sign of the angle between the starting direction of each line segment in the machining geometry and the tool clearance angle, it is determined whether the current line segment has tool clearance angle interference. If it does, a ray with an angle of clearance angle with the X-axis is constructed at the starting point of the line segment. The closed area formed by the ray and the machining geometry is the clearance angle interference area. The area outside all front angle interference areas and all rear angle interference areas in the cutting region is regarded as the non-interference machining area, and the machining geometry is updated based on the non-interference machining area; Based on the axial and radial allowances, the updated machining geometry is offset axially and radially, respectively. The offset machining geometry and the blank geometry form a closed region, which is used as the area to be processed.

[0008] Preferably, based on the set cutting direction type, the cutting direction type of each toolpath to be cut region is determined, including: When the cutting direction type is set to horizontal or alternating horizontal, the cutting direction type of each toolpath cutting area is horizontal; When the cutting direction type is set to vertical or alternating vertical, the cutting direction type of each toolpath cutting area is vertical. When the cutting direction type is set to alternating horizontal and vertical, the cutting direction type of each toolpath's cutting area is alternating between horizontal and vertical in sequence. When the cutting direction type is set to alternating vertical and horizontal, the cutting direction type of each toolpath's cutting area alternates between vertical and horizontal in sequence.

[0009] Preferably, based on the set cutting direction type and machining geometry, the cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting region is determined, including: Based on the machining geometry, obtain the set horizontal direction and the set vertical direction; When the cutting direction type is set to horizontal or vertical, the horizontal cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area is set to horizontal, and the vertical cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area is set to vertical. When the cutting direction type is set to horizontal alternation, the horizontal cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area alternates between the set horizontal direction and the opposite direction of the set horizontal direction in sequence, and the vertical cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area is the set vertical direction. When the cutting direction type is set to vertical alternation, the horizontal cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area is the set horizontal direction, and the vertical cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area is the set vertical direction and the opposite direction of the set vertical direction, alternating in sequence. When the cutting direction type is set to alternating horizontal and vertical or alternating vertical and horizontal, the horizontal cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area alternates sequentially between the set horizontal direction and the opposite direction of the set horizontal direction, and the vertical cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area alternates sequentially between the set vertical direction and the opposite direction of the set vertical direction.

[0010] Preferably, when the horizontal direction is set to the side towards the clamp, the opposite direction of the horizontal direction is set to the side away from the clamp; when the horizontal direction is set to the side away from the clamp, the opposite direction of the horizontal direction is set to the side towards the clamp. When the vertical direction is set to face the rotation axis, the opposite direction of the vertical direction is set to move away from the rotation axis; when the vertical direction is set to move away from the rotation axis, the opposite direction of the vertical direction is set to face the rotation axis.

[0011] Preferably, the toolpath type of the current toolpath to be cut is determined based on the cutting direction type and cutting direction of the current toolpath to be cut region, including: When the cutting direction type of the current toolpath to be cut is horizontal and the horizontal cutting direction is towards the fixture side, the toolpath type of the current toolpath to be cut is the initial toolpath; When the cutting direction type of the current toolpath to be cut is horizontal and the horizontal cutting direction is away from the fixture side, the toolpath type of the current toolpath to be cut is an omnidirectional toolpath; When the cutting direction type of the current toolpath to be cut is vertical and the vertical cutting direction is away from the rotation axis, the toolpath type of the current toolpath to be cut is omnidirectional toolpath; When the cutting direction of the current toolpath to be cut is vertical and the vertical cutting direction is toward the axis of rotation, the current toolpath to be cut is divided into regions with a larger upper cutting radius and regions with a smaller upper cutting radius according to the upper cutting radius parameter and the minimum upper cutting amount. The toolpath type for the region larger than the upper cutting radius adopts an omnidirectional toolpath; and the horizontal and vertical cutting directions for the region larger than the upper cutting radius are set to be the opposite directions of the horizontal and vertical cutting directions of the region to be cut in the current toolpath, respectively; The toolpath type for the region smaller than the upper cutting radius adopts the initial toolpath; and the horizontal cutting direction and vertical cutting direction for the region smaller than the upper cutting radius are set as the horizontal cutting direction and vertical cutting direction of the region to be cut in the current toolpath, respectively.

[0012] Preferably, the initial toolpath uses the initial feed rate to cut the area to be cut in the current toolpath; When the omnidirectional toolpath enters the cutting area of ​​the current toolpath, it adopts the feed rate when entering the material until the cutting amount is greater than the preset cutting amount. Then, it uses the omnidirectional feed rate to cut the cutting area of ​​the current toolpath. When the radius of the infeed arc is greater than 0, it determines whether to clean up the arc residual corner based on whether to clean up the residual corner.

[0013] Preferably, the step of dividing the current toolpath cutting area into regions larger than the upper cutting radius and regions smaller than the upper cutting radius based on the upper cutting radius parameter and the minimum upper cutting amount includes: Construct a dividing line, and set the distance between the dividing line and the rotation axis to be equal to the upper cutting radius parameter. This line divides the current toolpath cutting area into two parts: the area above the line is considered to be the area with a larger upper cutting radius, and the area below the line is considered to be the area with a smaller upper cutting radius. Determine if the height of the region smaller than the upper tangent radius is less than the minimum upper tangent amount. If it is less, then merge the region smaller than the upper tangent radius into the region larger than the upper tangent radius.

[0014] This invention also provides a coarse turning toolpath planning system for omnidirectional turning tools, comprising: The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire machining parameters and tool parameters for the omnidirectional turning tool; The angle sign determination module is used to determine the sign of the angle between the starting direction of each line segment in the machining geometry and the tool's rake angle and clearance angle, based on the tool's rake angle and clearance angle parameters. The module for obtaining the area to be processed is used to obtain the front angle interference area and the rear angle interference area based on the positive and negative signs of the starting direction of each line segment in the machining geometry and the included angle of the front angle and the included angle of the back angle of the tool, update the machining geometry, and obtain the area to be processed based on the updated machining geometry, axial allowance and radial allowance. The toolpath planning module is used to divide the area to be machined into multiple toolpath cutting areas according to the set cutting direction type and cutting depth of each layer. Based on the set cutting direction type and machining geometry, it determines the cutting direction type and cutting direction of each toolpath cutting area. Based on the cutting direction type and cutting direction of each toolpath cutting area, it determines the toolpath type of each toolpath cutting area. The transition toolpath planning module is used to plan toolpaths based on the first... The cutting endpoint of the toolpath to be cut is related to the first toolpath cutting area. The cutting start point of the toolpath to be cut is constructed. The toolpath area to be cut is related to the first toolpath area. The transition toolpath between the cutting areas of each toolpath , This represents the total number of areas to be cut in the toolpath.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages: This invention discloses a roughing toolpath planning method and system for omnidirectional turning tools. By acquiring user-provided machining parameters and tool parameters of the omnidirectional turning tool, and based on the set cutting direction type and depth of cut for each layer, the area to be machined is divided into multiple toolpath cutting regions. Based on the set cutting direction type and machining geometry, the cutting direction type and cutting direction of each toolpath cutting region are determined. The toolpath type of each toolpath cutting region is then determined based on its cutting direction type and cutting direction. Different cutting directions generate different cutting forces. By setting the cutting direction for each toolpath cutting region, the characteristic of omnidirectional tools that can cut in multiple directions can be fully utilized, resulting in a more even distribution of cutting force during toolpath planning, reducing tool wear during single-direction cutting, extending tool life, and reducing machining costs. By adjusting the feed rate of each toolpath cutting region using different toolpath types, the cutting force of the tool can be optimized, reducing tool wear and vibration, thereby improving the material removal rate, maximizing material removal rate, and reducing roughing time. Based on the first... The cutting endpoint of the toolpath to be cut is related to the first toolpath cutting area. The cutting start point of the toolpath to be cut is constructed. The toolpath area to be cut is related to the first toolpath area. The transition toolpath between the cutting areas of each toolpath , This represents the total number of areas to be cut in the toolpath. It ensures that the tool will not interfere with the fixture or workpiece in complex machining environments, reducing risks during the machining process. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the steps of a coarse toolpath planning method for omnidirectional turning tools according to the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a coarse turning toolpath planning system for omnidirectional turning tools according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a coarse toolpath planning method for omnidirectional turning tools according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rake angle and cutting edge of an omnidirectional lathe tool - type A insert.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rake angle and cutting edge of an omnidirectional lathe tool - type B insert.

[0021] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the interference-free processing area.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the area to be processed.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a toolpath with the cutting direction type set to horizontal.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a toolpath with the cutting direction type set to vertical.

[0025] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a toolpath with the cutting direction type set to alternating horizontal and vertical.

[0026] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a toolpath with the cutting direction type set to alternating vertical and horizontal.

[0027] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the transition toolpath planning.

[0028] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the toolpath in Example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention. However, the embodiments described are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 , 3 As shown, Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a coarse toolpath planning method for omnidirectional turning tools, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Obtain machining parameters and tool parameters for the omnidirectional turning tool; In this embodiment, preferably, as follows: Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rake angle and cutting edge of an omnidirectional lathe tool - type A insert. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rake angle and cutting edge of an omnidirectional turning tool - type B insert. The operator inputs the cutting area and sets the omnidirectional turning tool for this roughing operation, selecting the appropriate omnidirectional turning tool according to the material type and cutting depth.

[0031] The machining parameters include: input cutting area, axial margin, radial margin, feed rate when cutting into the material (cutin_fr), initial feed rate (normal_fr), omni-directional feed rate (omni_fr), setting the cutting direction type, machining geometry direction, depth of cut per layer (cut_depth), infeed radius (arc_radius), whether to clean up residual corners, upper cutting radius parameter, and minimum upper cutting amount.

[0032] The tool parameters for an omnidirectional turning tool include: the tool rake angle parameter ang_front and the tool clearance angle parameter ang_back; The input cutting area includes: machining geometry and blank geometry.

[0033] The cutting direction types can be set as follows: horizontal, alternating horizontal, vertical, alternating vertical, alternating horizontal and vertical, and alternating vertical and horizontal.

[0034] Step S2: Based on the tool rake angle and clearance angle parameters, determine the sign of the starting direction of each line segment in the machining geometry and the angle between the tool rake angle and clearance angle. Step S3: Based on the sign of the starting direction of each line segment in the machining geometry and the angle between the tool's rake angle and clearance angle, obtain the rake angle interference region and clearance angle interference region, update the machining geometry, and obtain the area to be machined based on the updated machining geometry, axial allowance and radial allowance. In this embodiment, preferably, the front angle interference region and the rear angle interference region are obtained based on the positive and negative values ​​of the starting direction of each line segment in the machining geometry and the included angles of the tool's front and rear angles, the machining geometry is updated, and the area to be machined is obtained based on the updated machining geometry, axial allowance, and radial allowance, including: Based on the sign of the angle between the starting direction of each line segment in the machining geometry and the tool rake angle, it is determined whether the current line segment has tool rake angle interference. If it does, a ray with an angle of rake angle with the Y-axis is constructed at the starting point of the line segment. The closed area formed by the ray and the machining geometry is the rake angle interference area. Based on the sign of the angle between the starting direction of each line segment in the machining geometry and the tool clearance angle, it is determined whether the current line segment has tool clearance angle interference. If it does, a ray with an angle of clearance angle with the X-axis is constructed at the starting point of the line segment. The closed area formed by the ray and the machining geometry is the clearance angle interference area. like Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the interference-free machining area. The area in the cutting area other than all front angle interference areas and all rear angle interference areas is regarded as the interference-free machining area. The machining geometry is updated based on the interference-free machining area. like Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the area to be processed. Based on the axial and radial allowances, the updated machining geometry is offset axially and radially, respectively. The offset machining geometry and the blank geometry form a closed area, which is taken as the area to be processed.

[0035] Step S4: Based on the set cutting direction type and cutting depth of each layer, divide the area to be machined into multiple toolpath cutting areas. Based on the set cutting direction type and machining geometry, determine the cutting direction type and cutting direction of each toolpath cutting area. Based on the cutting direction type and cutting direction of each toolpath cutting area, determine the toolpath type of each toolpath cutting area. The cutting direction types can be set as follows: horizontal, alternating horizontal, vertical, alternating vertical, alternating horizontal and vertical, and alternating vertical and horizontal.

[0036] In this embodiment, preferably, the cutting direction type of each toolpath region to be cut is determined based on the set cutting direction type, including: When the cutting direction type is set to horizontal or alternating horizontal, the cutting direction type of each toolpath cutting area is horizontal; When the cutting direction type is set to vertical or alternating vertical, the cutting direction type of each toolpath cutting area is vertical. When the cutting direction type is set to alternating horizontal and vertical, the cutting direction type of each toolpath's cutting area is alternating between horizontal and vertical in sequence. For example, the cutting direction type of the first toolpath to be cut is horizontal, the cutting direction type of the second toolpath to be cut is vertical, the cutting direction type of the third toolpath to be cut is horizontal, the cutting direction type of the fourth toolpath to be cut is vertical, and the cutting direction type of the subsequent toolpaths to be cut is horizontal and vertical in sequence.

[0037] When the cutting direction type is set to alternating vertical and horizontal, the cutting direction type of each toolpath's cutting area alternates between vertical and horizontal in sequence.

[0038] For example, the cutting direction type of the first toolpath to be cut is vertical, the cutting direction type of the second toolpath to be cut is horizontal, the cutting direction type of the third toolpath to be cut is vertical, the cutting direction type of the fourth toolpath to be cut is horizontal, and the cutting direction type of the subsequent toolpaths to be cut is vertical and horizontal in sequence.

[0039] In this embodiment, preferably, the cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area is determined based on the set cutting direction type and machining geometry, including: Based on the machining geometry, obtain the set horizontal direction and the set vertical direction; The horizontal direction is set as follows: towards the clamp side and away from the clamp side; the vertical direction is set as follows: towards the rotation axis and away from the rotation axis. When the cutting direction type is set to horizontal or vertical, the horizontal cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area is set to horizontal, and the vertical cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area is set to vertical. When the cutting direction type is set to horizontal alternation, the horizontal cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area alternates between the set horizontal direction and the opposite direction of the set horizontal direction in sequence, and the vertical cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area is the set vertical direction. For example, the horizontal cutting direction of the first toolpath's cutting area is towards the fixture side, the horizontal cutting direction of the second toolpath's cutting area is away from the fixture side, the horizontal cutting direction of the third toolpath's cutting area is towards the fixture side, the horizontal cutting direction of the fourth toolpath's cutting area is away from the fixture side, and the horizontal cutting direction of the subsequent toolpaths' cutting areas alternates between towards the fixture side and away from the fixture side.

[0040] When the cutting direction type is set to vertical alternation, the horizontal cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area is the set horizontal direction, and the vertical cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area is the set vertical direction and the opposite direction of the set vertical direction, alternating in sequence. For example, the vertical cutting direction of the first toolpath's cutting area is towards the rotation axis, the vertical cutting direction of the second toolpath's cutting area is away from the rotation axis, the vertical cutting direction of the third toolpath's cutting area is towards the rotation axis, the vertical cutting direction of the fourth toolpath's cutting area is away from the rotation axis, and the vertical cutting direction of the subsequent toolpaths' cutting areas alternates between towards the rotation axis and away from the rotation axis.

[0041] When the cutting direction type is set to alternating horizontal and vertical or alternating vertical and horizontal, the horizontal cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area alternates sequentially between the set horizontal direction and the opposite direction of the set horizontal direction, and the vertical cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area alternates sequentially between the set vertical direction and the opposite direction of the set vertical direction.

[0042] By alternating the cutting directions of each toolpath and using both sides of the tool for cutting, the cutting force can be distributed more evenly, reducing tool wear when cutting in a single direction. Furthermore, due to the alternating cutting of toolpaths, the start and end points of adjacent toolpaths are close, reducing the toolpath transition distance and improving machining efficiency.

[0043] In this embodiment, preferably, when the horizontal direction is set to the side towards the clamp, the opposite direction of the horizontal direction is set to the side away from the clamp; when the horizontal direction is set to the side away from the clamp, the opposite direction of the horizontal direction is set to the side towards the clamp. When the vertical direction is set to face the rotation axis, the opposite direction of the vertical direction is set to move away from the rotation axis; when the vertical direction is set to move away from the rotation axis, the opposite direction of the vertical direction is set to face the rotation axis.

[0044] In this embodiment, preferably, the toolpath type of the current toolpath to be cut is determined according to the cutting direction type and cutting direction of the current toolpath to be cut area, including: When the cutting direction type of the current toolpath to be cut is horizontal and the horizontal cutting direction is towards the fixture side, the toolpath type of the current toolpath to be cut is the initial toolpath; When the cutting direction type of the current toolpath to be cut is horizontal and the horizontal cutting direction is away from the fixture side, the toolpath type of the current toolpath to be cut is an omnidirectional toolpath; When the cutting direction type of the current toolpath to be cut is vertical and the vertical cutting direction is away from the rotation axis, the toolpath type of the current toolpath to be cut is omnidirectional toolpath; When the cutting direction of the current toolpath to be cut is vertical and the vertical cutting direction is toward the axis of rotation, the current toolpath to be cut is divided into regions with a larger upper cutting radius and regions with a smaller upper cutting radius according to the upper cutting radius parameter and the minimum upper cutting amount. The toolpath type for the region larger than the upper cutting radius adopts an omnidirectional toolpath; and the horizontal and vertical cutting directions of the region larger than the upper cutting radius are set to be the opposite directions of the horizontal and vertical cutting directions of the region to be cut in the current toolpath, respectively; The toolpath type for the region smaller than the upper cutting radius adopts the initial toolpath; and the horizontal cutting direction and vertical cutting direction for the region smaller than the upper cutting radius are set as the horizontal cutting direction and vertical cutting direction of the region to be cut in the current toolpath, respectively.

[0045] In this embodiment, preferably, the initial toolpath uses the initial feed rate to cut the area to be cut in the current toolpath; When the omnidirectional toolpath enters the cutting area of ​​the current toolpath, it adopts the feed rate when entering the material until the cutting amount is greater than the preset cutting amount. Then, it uses the omnidirectional feed rate to cut the cutting area of ​​the current toolpath. When the radius of the infeed arc is greater than 0, it determines whether to clean up the arc residual corner based on whether to clean up the residual corner.

[0046] If the feed radius is set, there will be uncut arc corners. Users can choose whether to clean them up through the clean arc corner option.

[0047] In this embodiment, preferably, the step of dividing the current toolpath cutting area into regions larger than the upper cutting radius and regions smaller than the upper cutting radius based on the upper cutting radius parameter and the minimum upper cutting amount includes: Construct a dividing line, and set the distance between the dividing line and the rotation axis to be equal to the upper cutting radius parameter. This line divides the current toolpath cutting area into two parts: the area above the line is considered to be the area with a larger upper cutting radius, and the area below the line is considered to be the area with a smaller upper cutting radius. Determine if the height of the region smaller than the upper tangent radius is less than the minimum upper tangent amount. If it is less, then merge the region smaller than the upper tangent radius into the region larger than the upper tangent radius.

[0048] By dividing the straight line, the current toolpath cutting area is divided into two parts: a region larger than the upper cutting radius and a region smaller than the upper cutting radius. The omnidirectional toolpath and the initial toolpath are then reconstructed for the two parts respectively, so that the cutting edges on both sides of the toolpath can be used alternately, the cutting force of the omnidirectional cutting tool can be distributed more evenly, and the tool wear during unidirectional cutting can be reduced.

[0049] like Figure 8 , 9 As shown in Figures 10 and 11, Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a toolpath with the cutting direction type set to horizontal. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a toolpath where the cutting direction type is set to vertical. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a toolpath for setting the cutting direction type as alternating horizontal and vertical. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a toolpath with alternating vertical and horizontal cutting directions. Based on the set cutting direction type and machining geometry, the cutting direction type and direction of each toolpath's cutting region are determined using the method described above. Finally, based on the cutting direction type and direction of each toolpath's cutting region, the toolpath type for that region is determined to achieve toolpath planning.

[0050] Step S5: As Figure 12 As shown, Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the transition toolpath planning, based on the first... The cutting endpoint of the toolpath to be cut is related to the first toolpath cutting area. The cutting start point of the toolpath to be cut is constructed. The toolpath area to be cut is related to the first toolpath area. The transition toolpath between the cutting areas of each toolpath , This represents the total number of areas to be cut in the toolpath.

[0051] Passing through the first Draw a straight line parallel to the X-axis and a straight line parallel to the Y-axis from the endpoint of the cutting toolpath in the area to be cut in the toolpath. These lines pass through the first toolpath. Draw a straight line parallel to the X-axis and a straight line parallel to the Y-axis from the starting point of the cutting toolpath in the area to be cut. These four straight lines form a rectangle, starting from the... The cutting toolpath endpoint of the toolpath reaches the first toolpath along the rectangle in the area to be cut. There are two cutting starting points for the cutting area of ​​each toolpath. It is determined whether each line segment of each path intersects with the current workpiece geometry. The path whose line segments do not intersect with the current workpiece geometry is selected as the first path. The toolpath area to be cut is related to the first toolpath area. If there are line segments in the transition toolpaths between the cutting areas of each toolpath that intersect with the geometry of the current workpiece, the programmer will be promptly notified.

[0052] In this embodiment, the planned toolpath is processed into a machining program and sent to the turning equipment for machining. The above steps and processes are implemented in software using computer technology and integrated with the turning equipment, which can realize efficient and convenient omnidirectional tool turning.

[0053] This second embodiment employs a roughing toolpath planning method for omnidirectional cutting machines, using type B inserts for roughing the material.

[0054] like Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rake angle and cutting edge of an omnidirectional turning tool - type B insert. Type B insert is selected for rough machining of the material. The tool rake angle parameter ang_front and clearance angle parameter ang_back are both set to 0 degrees, and the axial allowance margin_axial and radial allowance margin_radial are both 2 mm.

[0055] like Figure 13 As shown, Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the toolpath in Embodiment 2. In this Embodiment 2, the cutting direction type is set to horizontal alternation, the horizontal cutting direction is set to the side away from the fixture, and the vertical cutting direction is set to the direction towards the rotation axis.

[0056] Assume a cutting depth of 2 mm per layer, a feed rate of 0.1 mm / rpm (cutin_fr), an initial feed rate of 0.1 mm / rpm (normal_fr), and an omni-rpm feed rate of 0.2 mm / rpm (omni_fr) when cutting into the material. The infeed radius is set to 1 mm, and residual corner clearing is enabled.

[0057] Based on a cutting depth of 2 mm for each layer, the area to be machined is divided into six toolpath cutting areas; Since the cutting direction type is set to horizontal alternation, the cutting direction type of all six toolpath cutting areas is horizontal; Since the horizontal cutting direction is set to the side away from the fixture and the vertical cutting direction is set to the direction towards the rotation axis, the vertical cutting direction of the six toolpath cutting areas is all towards the rotation axis. The horizontal cutting direction of each toolpath cutting area alternates between the side away from the fixture and the side towards the fixture. The toolpath type of each toolpath cutting area alternates between the omnidirectional toolpath and the initial toolpath.

[0058] This invention, by providing preset toolpath parameters, fully utilizes the characteristic of omnidirectional tools that can cut in multiple directions, distributes cutting force more evenly during toolpath planning, reduces tool wear during single-direction cutting, extends tool life, and reduces machining costs.

[0059] Different cutting feed rates are used in different cutting directions to maximize material removal rate and reduce roughing time. The current blank status is updated in real time according to the toolpath. Through intelligent avoidance and collision detection functions, the transition toolpath between the cutting areas of adjacent toolpaths is planned to ensure that the tool will not interfere with the fixture or workpiece in complex machining environment, thereby reducing the risk in the machining process.

[0060] refer to Figure 2 As shown, Embodiment 3 of the present invention also provides a roughing toolpath planning system for omnidirectional turning machines, comprising: The parameter acquisition module 10 is used to acquire machining parameters and tool parameters of the omnidirectional turning tool; The positive and negative angle determination module 20 is used to determine the positive and negative angles between the starting direction of each line segment in the machining geometry and the front and rear angles of the tool, based on the tool's front and rear angle parameters. The processing area acquisition module 30 is used to acquire the front angle interference area and the rear angle interference area based on the positive and negative signs of the starting direction of each line segment in the processing geometry and the included angle of the front angle and the included angle of the back angle of the tool, update the processing geometry, and obtain the processing area based on the updated processing geometry, axial allowance and radial allowance. The toolpath planning module 40 is used to divide the area to be machined into multiple toolpath cutting areas according to the set cutting direction type and the cutting depth of each layer. Based on the set cutting direction type and machining geometry, it determines the cutting direction type and cutting direction of each toolpath cutting area. Based on the cutting direction type and cutting direction of each toolpath cutting area, it determines the toolpath type of each toolpath cutting area. Transition toolpath planning module 50, used for based on the first The cutting endpoint of the toolpath to be cut is related to the first toolpath cutting area. The cutting start point of the toolpath to be cut is constructed. The toolpath area to be cut is related to the first toolpath area. The transition toolpath between the cutting areas of each toolpath , This represents the total number of areas to be cut in the toolpath.

[0061] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0062] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0063] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0064] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0065] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for coarse toolpath planning for omnidirectional turning tools, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Obtain machining parameters and tool parameters for the omnidirectional turning tool. Machining parameters include: input cutting area, axial allowance, radial allowance, feed rate when cutting into the material, initial feed rate, omnidirectional feed rate, setting cutting direction type, machining geometry direction, depth of cut per layer, infeed radius, whether to clean residual corners, top cutting radius parameter, and minimum top cutting amount. Among them, the input cutting area includes: machining geometry and workpiece geometry; the setting cutting direction type includes: horizontal, alternating horizontal, vertical, alternating vertical, alternating horizontal and vertical, and alternating vertical and horizontal. The tool parameters for the omnidirectional turning tool include: tool rake angle parameter and clearance angle parameter. Based on the tool rake angle and clearance angle parameters, determine the sign of the starting direction of each line segment in the machining geometry relative to the tool rake angle and clearance angle. Based on the sign of the starting direction of each line segment in the machining geometry and the included angles of the tool's rake angle and clearance angle, the rake angle interference region and clearance angle interference region are obtained, the machining geometry is updated, and the area to be machined is obtained based on the updated machining geometry, axial allowance and radial allowance. Based on the set cutting direction type and cutting depth of each layer, the area to be machined is divided into multiple toolpath cutting areas. Based on the set cutting direction type and machining geometry, the cutting direction type and cutting direction of each toolpath cutting area are determined. Based on the cutting direction type and cutting direction of each toolpath cutting area, the toolpath type of each toolpath cutting area is determined. Based on the The cutting endpoint of the toolpath to be cut is related to the first toolpath cutting area. The cutting start point of the toolpath to be cut is constructed. The toolpath area to be cut is related to the first toolpath area. The transition toolpath between the cutting areas of each toolpath , This represents the total number of areas to be cut in the toolpath.

2. The roughing toolpath planning method for omnidirectional turning tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process involves obtaining the rake angle interference region and the clearance angle interference region based on the sign of the starting direction of each line segment in the machining geometry and the angle between them and the tool's rake angle and clearance angle. The machining geometry is then updated. Based on the updated machining geometry, axial allowance, and radial allowance, the area to be machined is obtained, including: Based on the sign of the angle between the starting direction of each line segment in the machining geometry and the tool rake angle, it is determined whether the current line segment has tool rake angle interference. If it does, a ray with an angle of rake angle with the Y-axis is constructed at the starting point of the line segment. The closed area formed by the ray and the machining geometry is the rake angle interference area. Based on the sign of the angle between the starting direction of each line segment in the machining geometry and the tool clearance angle, it is determined whether the current line segment has tool clearance angle interference. If it does, a ray with an angle of clearance angle with the X-axis as the clearance angle parameter is constructed at the starting point of the line segment. The closed area formed by the ray and the machining geometry is the clearance angle interference area. The area outside all front angle interference areas and all rear angle interference areas in the cutting region is regarded as the non-interference machining area, and the machining geometry is updated based on the non-interference machining area; Based on the axial and radial allowances, the updated machining geometry is offset axially and radially, respectively. The offset machining geometry and the blank geometry form a closed region, which is used as the area to be processed.

3. The roughing toolpath planning method for omnidirectional turning tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the set cutting direction type, the cutting direction type of each toolpath's cutting region is determined, including: When the cutting direction type is set to horizontal or alternating horizontal, the cutting direction type of each toolpath cutting area is horizontal; When the cutting direction type is set to vertical or alternating vertical, the cutting direction type of each toolpath cutting area is vertical. When the cutting direction type is set to alternating horizontal and vertical, the cutting direction type of each toolpath's cutting area is alternating between horizontal and vertical in sequence. When the cutting direction type is set to alternating vertical and horizontal, the cutting direction type of each toolpath's cutting area alternates between vertical and horizontal in sequence.

4. The roughing toolpath planning method for omnidirectional turning tools according to claim 3, characterized in that: Based on the set cutting direction type and machining geometry, the cutting direction of the area to be cut in each toolpath is determined, including: Based on the machining geometry, obtain the set horizontal direction and the set vertical direction; When the cutting direction type is set to horizontal or vertical, the horizontal cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area is set to horizontal, and the vertical cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area is set to vertical. When the cutting direction type is set to horizontal alternation, the horizontal cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area alternates between the set horizontal direction and the opposite direction of the set horizontal direction in sequence, and the vertical cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area is the set vertical direction. When the cutting direction type is set to vertical alternation, the horizontal cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area is the set horizontal direction, and the vertical cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area is the set vertical direction and the opposite direction of the set vertical direction, alternating in sequence. When the cutting direction type is set to alternating horizontal and vertical or alternating vertical and horizontal, the horizontal cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area alternates sequentially between the set horizontal direction and the opposite direction of the set horizontal direction, and the vertical cutting direction of each toolpath's cutting area alternates sequentially between the set vertical direction and the opposite direction of the set vertical direction.

5. The roughing toolpath planning method for omnidirectional turning tools according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the horizontal direction is set to face the fixture side, the opposite direction of the horizontal direction is set to move away from the fixture side; when the horizontal direction is set to move away from the fixture side, the opposite direction of the horizontal direction is set to face the fixture side. When the vertical direction is set to face the rotation axis, the opposite direction of the vertical direction is set to move away from the rotation axis; when the vertical direction is set to move away from the rotation axis, the opposite direction of the vertical direction is set to face the rotation axis.

6. The roughing toolpath planning method for omnidirectional turning tools according to claim 5, characterized in that: Based on the cutting direction type and cutting direction of the current toolpath's target area, the toolpath type of the target area is determined, including: When the cutting direction type of the current toolpath to be cut is horizontal and the horizontal cutting direction is towards the fixture side, the toolpath type of the current toolpath to be cut is the initial toolpath; When the cutting direction type of the current toolpath to be cut is horizontal and the horizontal cutting direction is away from the fixture side, the toolpath type of the current toolpath to be cut is an omnidirectional toolpath; When the cutting direction type of the current toolpath to be cut is vertical and the vertical cutting direction is away from the rotation axis, the toolpath type of the current toolpath to be cut is omnidirectional toolpath; When the cutting direction of the current toolpath to be cut is vertical and the vertical cutting direction is toward the axis of rotation, the current toolpath to be cut is divided into regions with a larger upper cutting radius and regions with a smaller upper cutting radius according to the upper cutting radius parameter and the minimum upper cutting amount. The toolpath type for the region larger than the upper cutting radius adopts an omnidirectional toolpath; and the horizontal and vertical cutting directions for the region larger than the upper cutting radius are set to be the opposite directions of the horizontal and vertical cutting directions of the region to be cut in the current toolpath, respectively; The toolpath type for the region smaller than the upper cutting radius adopts the initial toolpath; and the horizontal cutting direction and vertical cutting direction for the region smaller than the upper cutting radius are set as the horizontal cutting direction and vertical cutting direction of the region to be cut in the current toolpath, respectively.

7. The method for coarse turning toolpath planning for omnidirectional turning tools according to claim 6, characterized in that: The initial toolpath uses the initial feed rate to cut the area to be cut in the current toolpath. When the omnidirectional toolpath enters the cutting area of ​​the current toolpath, it adopts the feed rate when entering the material until the cutting amount is greater than the preset cutting amount. Then, it uses the omnidirectional feed rate to cut the cutting area of ​​the current toolpath. When the radius of the infeed arc is greater than 0, it determines whether to clean up the arc residual corner based on whether to clean up the residual corner.

8. The method for coarse turning toolpath planning for omnidirectional turning tools according to claim 6, characterized in that: The process of dividing the current toolpath's cutting area into regions larger than the upper cutting radius and regions smaller than the upper cutting radius based on the upper cutting radius parameter and the minimum upper cutting amount includes: Construct a dividing line, and set the distance between the dividing line and the rotation axis to be equal to the upper cutting radius parameter. This line divides the current toolpath cutting area into two parts: the area above the line is considered to be the area with a larger upper cutting radius, and the area below the line is considered to be the area with a smaller upper cutting radius. Determine if the height of the region smaller than the upper tangent radius is less than the minimum upper tangent amount. If it is less, then merge the region smaller than the upper tangent radius into the region larger than the upper tangent radius.

9. A roughing toolpath planning system for omnidirectional turning tools, characterized in that, include: The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire machining parameters and tool parameters for the omnidirectional turning tool. Machining parameters include: input cutting area, axial allowance, radial allowance, feed rate when cutting into the material, initial feed rate, omnidirectional feed rate, set cutting direction type, machining geometry direction, depth of cut per layer, infeed radius, whether to clean residual corners, top cutting radius parameter, and minimum top cutting amount. The input cutting area includes: machining geometry and workpiece geometry; the set cutting direction type includes: horizontal, alternating horizontal, vertical, alternating vertical, alternating horizontal and vertical, and alternating vertical and horizontal. The tool parameters for the omnidirectional turning tool include: tool rake angle parameter and clearance angle parameter. The angle sign determination module is used to determine the sign of the angle between the starting direction of each line segment in the machining geometry and the tool's rake angle and clearance angle, based on the tool's rake angle and clearance angle parameters. The module for obtaining the area to be processed is used to obtain the front angle interference area and the rear angle interference area based on the positive and negative signs of the starting direction of each line segment in the machining geometry and the included angle of the front angle and the included angle of the back angle of the tool, update the machining geometry, and obtain the area to be processed based on the updated machining geometry, axial allowance and radial allowance. The toolpath planning module is used to divide the area to be machined into multiple toolpath cutting areas according to the set cutting direction type and cutting depth of each layer. Based on the set cutting direction type and machining geometry, it determines the cutting direction type and cutting direction of each toolpath cutting area. Based on the cutting direction type and cutting direction of each toolpath cutting area, it determines the toolpath type of each toolpath cutting area. The transition toolpath planning module is used to plan toolpaths based on the first... The cutting endpoint of the toolpath to be cut is related to the first toolpath cutting area. The cutting start point of the toolpath to be cut is constructed. The toolpath area to be cut is related to the first toolpath area. The transition toolpath between the cutting areas of each toolpath , This represents the total number of areas to be cut in the toolpath.

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