Universal spindle adjustable slot grinding device and slot grinding method

Abstract

The present application relates to a universal spindle slot grinding device, in particular to a universal spindle adjustable slot grinding device and a slot grinding method, to solve the technical problems that it is difficult to ensure that the angle between the slot and the central axis of the spindle meets the technical requirements, and the three groove indexing is inaccurate, the repeated positioning accuracy is low, etc. when the existing clamp is used to grind the slot of the universal spindle. The present application comprises a wedge-shaped base plate, a first clamping mechanism, an indexing mechanism, a supporting mechanism and a second clamping mechanism arranged thereon; the first clamping mechanism and the second clamping mechanism are used to position the universal spindle to be ground from both ends along the axial direction; the supporting mechanism is used to support and fix the universal spindle to be ground; the indexing mechanism comprises a toothed pin seat, a toothed pin and an indexing ring; the toothed pin is installed on the toothed pin seat, and the top of the toothed pin is provided with a positioning tooth; the indexing ring is provided with a plurality of jack screws; the outer circumferential surface of the indexing ring is provided with a positioning groove; the positioning tooth cooperates with the positioning groove to realize the circumferential positioning of the universal spindle to be ground.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a universal mandrel grooving device, specifically to a universal mandrel adjustable grooving device and grooving method. Background Technology

[0002] Universal mandrels are widely used in the inspection of gear parts. They have excellent repeatability and facilitate quick loading and unloading of parts. With their wide expandability, universal mandrels can accommodate parts with bore diameters of 6.35-177.80mm using only 12 mandrels, and have broad application prospects in the manufacturing process of gear parts.

[0003] The bottleneck process in the manufacturing of universal mandrels is the grinding of the mandrel's grooves. The technical requirements are: the symmetry, parallelism, and flatness of the grooves should not exceed 0.005mm; the angle between the groove and the mandrel's central axis should be 2.49°±30″; and the three grooves should be evenly distributed. However, when using existing fixtures to grind the grooves of universal mandrels, it is difficult to ensure that the angle between the groove and the mandrel's central axis meets the technical requirements, and there are problems such as inaccurate indexing of the three grooves and low repeatability.

[0004] Chinese utility model patent CN217818431U discloses a device for detecting radial runout of the central shaft of an electric spindle. The device includes a base, with three sets of positioning and fixing sliders placed on the upper surface of the base along its length. Two sets of positioning and fixing sliders have V-shaped grooves at different heights from the base at the middle of their upper ends. T-shaped positioning grooves are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the central axis of the base. A T-shaped locking block is located below the bottom of the positioning and fixing sliders, opposite to the T-shaped positioning grooves. The device also includes an auxiliary detection ball set, a magnetic gauge holder, and a dial indicator. However, this utility model can only be used to measure the radial runout of shaft-type parts.

[0005] Chinese utility model patent CN217818431U discloses a motor shaft grinding clamping device, including a front center mounted on one end of the grinding machine headstock, a rear center mounted on one end of the grinding machine tailstock, a first shift fork, a second shift fork, a compression spring, and a drive sleeve; the first shift fork is eccentrically fixed to the output end of the grinding machine headstock motor along the axial direction; the drive sleeve is fitted onto the rod section of the front center; the second shift fork is fixedly connected to the outer wall surface of the drive sleeve and arranged radially along the drive sleeve, with the ends of the second shift fork and the ends of the first shift fork in perpendicular staggered contact; the compression spring is fitted onto the rod section of the front center, with the rear end of the compression spring pressing against the front end of the drive sleeve, and the front end of the compression spring pressing against the end face of the front center mounting seat; multiple friction blocks are mounted circumferentially on the rear end of the drive sleeve, and the rear ends of the multiple friction blocks form frictional contact with the large-diameter end face of the motor shaft. However, using this clamping device still cannot solve the problems that exist when grinding universal mandrel grooves, such as difficulty in ensuring that the included angle between the groove and the central axis of the mandrel meets the technical requirements, inaccurate indexing of the three grooves, and low repeatability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problems that exist when using existing fixtures to grind grooves on universal mandrels, such as difficulty in ensuring that the included angle between the groove and the central axis of the mandrel meets the technical requirements, inaccurate indexing of the three grooves, and low repeatability. The invention provides an adjustable groove grinding device and method for universal mandrels.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A universal mandrel adjustable grooving device, characterized in that it includes a wedge-shaped base plate, and a first clamping mechanism, an indexing mechanism, a support mechanism, and a second clamping mechanism sequentially arranged on the wedge-shaped base plate along its extending direction; the extending direction of the wedge-shaped base plate refers to the extending direction of its wedge-shaped angle line; the angle of the wedge-shaped base plate is the included angle between the sliding groove on the universal mandrel to be grooved and the central axis of the universal mandrel; the first clamping mechanism and the second clamping mechanism are used to position the universal mandrel to be grooved axially from both ends respectively; the support mechanism is used to support and fix the universal mandrel to be grooved. The shaft; the indexing mechanism includes a toothed pin seat, a toothed pin, and an indexing ring; the toothed pin seat is movably mounted on the wedge-shaped base plate along the extension direction of the wedge-shaped base plate; the toothed pin is mounted on the toothed pin seat and can be adjusted up and down, and the top of the toothed pin is provided with positioning teeth; the indexing ring is provided with multiple set screws for fixing the indexing ring on the circumference of the universal mandrel to be ground; the outer circumferential surface of the indexing ring is provided with positioning grooves that match the number and circumferential position of the sliding grooves on the universal mandrel to be ground one by one; the positioning teeth cooperate with the positioning grooves to achieve circumferential positioning of the universal mandrel to be ground.

[0009] Furthermore, the wedge-shaped base plate includes a wedge-shaped plate and a flat plate arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The angle of the wedge-shaped plate is the included angle between the sliding groove on the universal mandrel to be ground and the central axis of the universal mandrel. The first clamping mechanism, the toothed pin seat, the support mechanism, and the second clamping mechanism are arranged sequentially on the flat plate along the extension direction of the wedge-shaped plate, and their positions on the flat plate can be adjusted along the length direction of the flat plate. The length direction of the flat plate is consistent with the extension direction of the wedge-shaped plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the support mechanism includes a support base, a first clamping member, an intermediate support slider, a first spring, and a support member; the support base is mounted on a flat plate, and its position can be adjusted along the length of the flat plate; two inwardly curved arc arms are symmetrically arranged on the top of the support base, and the opening between the two arc arms is larger than the diameter of the universal mandrel to be ground; fastening screws facing inward are respectively provided on the two arc arms; a first groove is provided at the center of the top of the support base; the first spring, the intermediate support slider, and the support member are arranged sequentially from bottom to top in the first groove; the support member is located on top of the intermediate support slider and extends out of the first groove; the support member and the two fastening screws form a three-point support structure for fixing the universal mandrel to be ground; the intermediate support slider can move up and down relative to the first groove; the first clamping member is mounted on the support base and connected to one side of the intermediate support slider for clamping the intermediate support slider.

[0011] Furthermore, the first clamping mechanism includes a fixed center and a first center seat; the second clamping mechanism includes a movable center and a second center seat; both the first and second center seats are mounted on a flat plate, and their positions can be adjusted along the length of the flat plate; the fixed center is fixedly mounted on the first center seat, and its position can be adjusted along the length of the flat plate; the movable center is mounted on the second center seat, and a second spring is provided between the side of the movable center away from the fixed center and the second center seat, so that the movable center can move along the length of the flat plate; a locking component is provided on the second center seat, and the locking component is used to lock the movable center; the fixed center and the movable center are opposite to each other and coaxially arranged.

[0012] Furthermore, the indexing mechanism also includes a third spring and a second clamping member; a second groove is provided on the upper part of the toothed pin seat; the third spring and the toothed pin are arranged sequentially from bottom to top in the second groove; the positioning teeth extend upwards out of the second groove; the toothed pin can move up and down relative to the second groove; the second clamping member is installed on the toothed pin seat and connected to one side of the toothed pin for clamping the toothed pin; multiple positioning grooves are evenly distributed around the axis of the indexing ring, and the extension direction of the positioning grooves is parallel to the axis of the indexing ring.

[0013] Furthermore, a third groove is provided on the top of the second center seat; a first tail seat is connected to the tail end of the movable center head, the first tail seat is disposed in the third groove, a second spring is disposed in the third groove, and the second spring is located between the side of the first tail seat away from the fixed center head and the second center seat, so that the first tail seat can move along the length of the plate; the locking assembly includes a third clamping member, which is installed on the second center seat and extends from the end of the third groove away from the fixed center head into the third groove, for assisting in clamping the first tail seat; a fourth groove is provided on the top of the first center seat; a second tail seat is connected to the tail end of the fixed center head, the second tail seat is disposed in the fourth groove, and can be adjusted along the length of the plate; a first upper baffle is installed on the top of the first center seat, and first shoulders are provided on both sides of the second tail seat, the height of the first shoulders being slightly greater than the depth of the fourth groove, so that the lower surface of the first upper baffle abuts against the first shoulders; a first side baffle is provided on each side of the first center seat located at both ends of the fourth groove, and a fourth clamping member is connected to the first side baffle, the inner end of the fourth clamping member extending into the fourth groove for clamping the second tail seat.

[0014] Furthermore, an inverted T-shaped groove running through the length direction is provided in the middle of the upper surface of the plate; keyways are provided at the bottom of the first center seat, the second center seat, the toothed pin seat, and the support seat, and directional keys are installed in the keyways, with the directional keys slidingly engaging with the narrow part at the top of the inverted T-shaped groove; the bottoms of the first center seat, the second center seat, the toothed pin seat, and the support seat are all mounted on the inverted T-shaped groove by fasteners.

[0015] Meanwhile, the present invention also provides a universal mandrel grooving method, based on the above-mentioned universal mandrel adjustable grooving device, which is characterized by including the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: First, assemble the universal adjustable mandrel grinding device, then place the assembled universal adjustable mandrel grinding device on a high-precision platform for debugging, and then place the universal adjustable mandrel grinding device on the surface grinder worktable for alignment.

[0017] Step 2: Install the indexing ring on the outer circle of the universal mandrel to be ground, without tightening the set screw on the indexing ring, and then adjust the toothed pin to the lower end. Then, pre-install the universal mandrel with the indexing ring installed between the first clamping mechanism and the second clamping mechanism.

[0018] Step 3: Adjust the toothed pin seat to move upward so that the positioning tooth is inserted into the positioning groove of the indexing ring;

[0019] Step 4: First, securely position the universal mandrel to be ground using the first and second clamping mechanisms. Then, align the grooved side of the universal mandrel to be ground parallel to the grinding wheel and perform tool setting. At the same time, tighten the set screw on the indexing ring to securely fix the indexing ring and the universal mandrel to be ground, so that the indexing mechanism can accurately index the universal mandrel to be ground.

[0020] Step 5: Clamp and position the universal mandrel to be ground using the support mechanism;

[0021] Step 6: Grind the grooves of the universal mandrel according to the preset technical requirements. After rough grinding the first groove, adjust the toothed pin to the lower end and release the clamping and positioning of the universal mandrel by the support mechanism. Then rotate the universal mandrel to align the positioning teeth of the toothed pin with the second positioning groove of the indexing ring. Repeat steps 3 and 5 to grind the second groove of the universal mandrel. And so on, grind the remaining grooves of the universal mandrel.

[0022] Step 7: After rough grinding, age the material, then semi-fine grind, age it a second time, and finally finish grinding to shape the groove on the universal mandrel.

[0023] Further, in step 1, assembling the universal mandrel adjustable grooving device specifically involves assembling the universal mandrel adjustable grooving device, wherein the wedge plate is not assembled for the time being, and the relative positions between the first clamping mechanism, the second clamping mechanism, the indexing mechanism and the support mechanism are adjusted using the universal mandrel to be grooved.

[0024] In step 1, the assembled universal mandrel adjustable grooving device is placed on a high-precision platform for debugging, specifically as follows: Step a: Place the assembled universal mandrel adjustable grooving device on the high-precision platform for debugging, clamp the universal mandrel to be grooved, and check the outer circle generatrix of the universal mandrel to be grooved to ensure that the coaxiality between the fixed center and the movable center is no greater than 0.002mm, and the parallelism of the central axis of the universal mandrel to be grooved to the plate is no greater than 0.003mm; Step b: After completing step a, check the outer circle generatrix of the universal mandrel to be grooved to ensure that the parallelism of the central axis of the universal mandrel to be grooved to the side of the plate is no greater than 0.003mm; Step c: Connect the wedge plate to the plate, ensuring that the parallelism between the side of the wedge plate and the side of the plate is no greater than 0.003mm.

[0025] In step 1, the process of placing the universal mandrel adjustable grinding device on the surface grinder table for alignment is as follows: Place the universal mandrel adjustable grinding device on the surface grinder table and align the side of the wedge plate to ensure that the parallelism between the side of the wedge plate and the X-axis of the machine tool is no more than 0.003mm.

[0026] In step 2, while adjusting the toothed pin to the lower end, the intermediate support slider is also adjusted to the lower end, and then the first clamping member and the second clamping member are locked respectively.

[0027] In step 2, the pre-installation of the universal mandrel with the indexing ring installed between the first clamping mechanism and the second clamping mechanism specifically involves installing the universal mandrel with the indexing ring installed between the fixed center and the movable center.

[0028] Step 3 is as follows: Loosen the second clamping piece, apply an upward force to the toothed pin through the third spring, so that the positioning tooth is inserted into the positioning groove of the indexing ring, and then tighten the second clamping piece to fix the toothed pin, thereby ensuring the relative position of the toothed pin and the indexing ring.

[0029] In step 4, the universal mandrel to be ground is securely positioned by the first clamping mechanism and the second clamping mechanism as follows: tighten the third clamping member located on the side of the first tailstock away from the fixed center, so that the end face of the third clamping member assists in pressing against the first tailstock, thereby so that the fixed center and the movable center can securely position the universal mandrel to be ground through the center hole of the universal mandrel to be ground.

[0030] Step 5 is as follows: Loosen the first clamping piece, and use the first spring to apply an upward force to the middle support slider, so that it applies a floating upward force to the universal mandrel to be ground. Then tighten the first clamping piece to secure the middle support slider, and finally tighten the fastening screws on the support seat to achieve clamping and positioning of the universal mandrel to be ground.

[0031] In step 6, the toothed pin is adjusted to the lower end, and the clamping and positioning of the support mechanism on the universal spindle is released. Specifically, the first clamping member and the second clamping member are loosened, the first clamping member and the second clamping member are pulled down, so that the toothed pin and the intermediate support slider slide down, and the first clamping member and the second clamping member are locked. At the same time, the fastening screws on the support seat are loosened.

[0032] In step 6, the remaining grooves of the universal mandrel are ground in the same manner, specifically: the third groove of the universal mandrel is ground in the same manner.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0034] 1. The universal mandrel adjustable grinding device of the present invention uses a fixed center and a movable center to clamp the universal mandrel through the center holes at both ends of the universal mandrel. The clamping is convenient, no alignment is required, the clamping accuracy is high, and the repeatability is high, which realizes the stable and accurate positioning of the workpiece. It is also highly operable and has high clamping efficiency.

[0035] 2. The universal mandrel adjustable grinding device of the present invention, based on the structural characteristics of the universal mandrel, is equipped with an indexing mechanism. Through the indexing ring, the indexing problem can be effectively solved, ensuring accurate indexing of the three sliding grooves on the universal mandrel;

[0036] 3. The universal mandrel adjustable grinding device of the present invention, by setting a support mechanism, can avoid the workpiece from vibrating or deforming during processing, thus ensuring the smoothness and accuracy of processing.

[0037] 4. In the universal mandrel adjustable grinding device of the present invention, the application of the directional key makes the positions of the first center seat, the second center seat, the toothed pin seat and the support seat on the plate adjustable, which can meet the processing needs of universal mandrels of different specifications.

[0038] 5. The universal mandrel adjustable grinding device of the present invention has a simple structure, strong processability, low manufacturing cost, and strong applicability. It ensures that the groove symmetry, parallelism and flatness are no more than 0.005mm, the angle is consistent at 2.49°, and the three grooves are evenly distributed, etc.

[0039] 6. The universal mandrel grinding method of the present invention can ensure that the angle between the universal mandrel groove and the universal mandrel centerline meets the technical requirements, can ensure that the three grooves are evenly distributed, and can ensure that the groove symmetry, parallelism and flatness are not greater than 0.005mm and other technical requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the adjustable universal mandrel grinding device of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of an embodiment of the adjustable universal mandrel grinding device of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view at point AA;

[0043] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Sectional view at point BB;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the wedge plate structure in an embodiment of the universal mandrel adjustable grinding device of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 This is a top view of the wedge plate in an embodiment of the universal mandrel adjustable grinding device of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flat plate in an embodiment of the universal mandrel adjustable grinding device of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first center seat (second center seat) in an embodiment of the universal adjustable mandrel grinding device of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first upper baffle (second upper baffle) in an embodiment of the universal mandrel adjustable grinding device of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first side baffle (third side baffle) in an embodiment of the universal mandrel adjustable grinding device of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed center structure in an embodiment of the adjustable universal mandrel grinding device of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the movable tip in an embodiment of the universal mandrel adjustable grinding device of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the toothed pin seat in an embodiment of the universal adjustable mandrel grinding device of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the indexing ring structure in an embodiment of the universal mandrel adjustable grinding device of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the toothed pin structure in an embodiment of the universal adjustable mandrel grinding device of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 16 for Figure 15 Sectional view at point AA;

[0056] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the support base in an embodiment of the adjustable universal mandrel grinding device of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fourth side baffle (second side baffle) in an embodiment of the universal mandrel adjustable grinding device of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the intermediate support slider in an embodiment of the adjustable universal mandrel grinding device of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 20 for Figure 19 Sectional view at point AA;

[0060] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the directional key structure in an embodiment of the adjustable universal mandrel grinding device of the present invention.

[0061] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0062] 100-Wedge-shaped base plate, 200-First clamping mechanism, 300-Indexing mechanism, 400-Supporting mechanism, 500-Second clamping mechanism, 1-Wedge plate, 2-Plate, 3-First center seat, 301-Fourth groove, 4-First side baffle, 5-First upper baffle, 6-Fixed center, 601-Second tailstock, 602-First shoulder, 7-Toggle pin seat, 701-Second groove, 8-Toggle pin, 801-Positioning tooth, 802-Fourth threaded hole, 803-First blind hole, 9-Indexing ring, 901-Through hole, 902-Positioning groove, 903-First threaded hole, 10-Universal mandrel, 101-Slide groove, 11-Support seat, 111-Arch-shaped arm, 112-First groove, 113-Third threaded hole, 12-Fourth side baffle, 121- 13-First clamping part, 14-Third clamping part, 15-Modible tip, 151-First tailstock, 152-Second blind hole, 153-Second shoulder, 16-Directional key, 17-Intermediate support slider, 171-Second threaded hole, 172-Fifth threaded hole, 173-Third blind hole, 18-First spring, 19-Inverted T-nut, 20-Second tip seat, 201-Third groove, 21-Supporting part, 22-Third spring, 23-Second side baffle, 231-Second through groove, 24-Second clamping part, 25-Fourth clamping part, 26-Second upper baffle, 27-Third side baffle, 29-Keyway, 30-Auxiliary disassembly screw, 31-Inverted T-groove, 32-Fasting screw, 33-First screw, 34-U-groove, 35-Second spring. Detailed Implementation

[0063] To make the objectives, advantages and features of the present invention clearer, the following describes in further detail a universal mandrel adjustable grinding device and grinding method proposed in the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0064] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0065] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth" and "fifth" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0066] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2The present invention discloses a universal mandrel adjustable grooving device, comprising a wedge-shaped base plate 100, and a first clamping mechanism 200, an indexing mechanism 300, a support mechanism 400, and a second clamping mechanism 500 sequentially arranged on the wedge-shaped base plate 100 along its extending direction; the extending direction of the wedge-shaped base plate 100 refers to the extending direction of its wedge-shaped angle line; the angle of the wedge-shaped base plate 100 is the included angle between the sliding groove 101 on the universal mandrel 10 to be grooved and the central axis of the universal mandrel 10.

[0067] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the wedge-shaped base plate 100 includes a wedge-shaped plate 1 and a flat plate 2.

[0068] like Figure 2 and Figure 7 As shown, the plate 2 is rectangular, and the parallelism between the upper and lower surfaces of the plate 2 is no greater than 0.002 mm. Six countersunk holes are provided on the plate 2, and the axes of all six countersunk holes are perpendicular to the upper surface of the plate 2. An inverted T-shaped groove 31, extending along the length direction, is provided at the center of the upper surface of the plate 2 along its width direction for fixing the first center seat 3, the second center seat 20, the toothed pin seat 7, and the support seat 11. The length direction of the plate 2 is consistent with the extension direction of the wedge-shaped base plate 100.

[0069] like Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the flatness of both the upper and lower surfaces of the wedge plate 1 is no greater than 0.002 mm; the thickness of the wedge plate 1 gradually decreases from one end to the other along its extension direction; the included angle between the upper and lower surfaces of the wedge plate 1 is equal to the included angle between the sliding groove 101 on the universal mandrel 10 to be ground and the central axis of the universal mandrel 10, with a tolerance of ±30″; six threaded holes are provided on the upper surface of the wedge plate 1, and the axes of the six threaded holes are all perpendicular to the upper surface of the wedge plate 1; eight weight-reducing grooves are provided at the bottom of the wedge plate 1 to reduce the weight of the wedge plate 1. The extension direction of the wedge plate 1 is consistent with the length direction of the plate 2.

[0070] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, six bolts pass through the six countersunk holes on the plate 2 and connect to the six threaded holes on the wedge plate 1, thereby fixing the wedge plate 1 to the bottom of the plate 2. At this time, the lower surface of the plate 2 is in contact with the upper surface of the wedge plate 1, and the parallelism between the side of the plate 2 parallel to the length direction of the plate 2 and the side of the wedge plate 1 parallel to the extension direction of the wedge plate 1 is no more than 0.003mm. The thickness of the wedge plate 1 at the end near the second clamping mechanism 500 is greater than the thickness of the wedge plate 1 at the end near the first clamping mechanism 200.

[0071] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the first center seat 3, the toothed pin seat 7, the support seat 11, and the second center seat 20 are sequentially arranged on the plate 2 along the extension direction of the wedge plate 1, and their positions on the plate 2 can be adjusted along the length direction of the plate 2, which can meet the processing requirements of universal mandrels 10 of different specifications. The flatness of the bottom surfaces of the first center seat 3, the toothed pin seat 7, the support seat 11, and the second center seat 20 is no greater than 0.003mm.

[0072] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 21 The bottom of the first center seat 3, the second center seat 20, the toothed pin seat 7, and the support seat 11 are all provided with keyways 29. A guide key 16 is installed in each keyway 29. The guide key 16 has a pair of countersunk holes for fixed connection with the first center seat 3, the second center seat 20, the toothed pin seat 7, or the support seat 11 via bolts. The upper part of the guide key 16 extends into the keyway 29 and is ground to fit. The width of the guide key 16 is 0mm to 0.005mm smaller than the width of the keyway 29 to ensure positioning accuracy. The guide key 16 slides into the narrow part of the upper part of the inverted T-slot 31. The width of the guide key 16 is 0mm to 0.005mm smaller than the width of the narrow part of the upper part of the inverted T-slot 31 for positioning the first center seat 3, the second center seat 20, the toothed pin seat 7, and the support seat 11. The first center seat 3, the second center seat 20, the toothed pin seat 7, and the support seat 11 are all provided with keyways 29. The bottoms of seat 20, toothed pin seat 7, and support seat 11 are all mounted on the inverted T-slot 31 by fasteners. Each of the plate-shaped parts at the bottom of the first center seat 3, the second center seat 20, the toothed pin seat 7, and the support seat 11 is provided with a pair of U-shaped grooves 34 for cooperating with the fasteners. The following is a specific description using the toothed pin seat 7 as an example. The fasteners are a pair of inverted T-shaped nuts 19 and a pair of first screws 33. The pair of inverted T-shaped nuts 19 are both set in the inverted T-slot 31. The screws of the pair of first screws 33 pass through the pair of U-shaped grooves 34 and connect with the pair of inverted T-shaped nuts 19. At this time, the lower surface of the head of the first screw 33 presses against the upper surface of the plate-shaped part at the bottom of the toothed pin seat 7, and the shoulder of the inverted T-shaped nut 19 presses against the top wall of the wide part at the bottom of the inverted T-slot 31, thereby fixing the toothed pin seat 7 on the plate 2.

[0073] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the first clamping mechanism 200 includes a fixed center 6 and a first center seat 3, and the second clamping mechanism 500 includes a movable center 15 and a second center seat 20. Both the first center seat 3 and the second center seat 20 are mounted on the plate 2. The fixed center 6 is mounted on the first center seat 3, and the movable center 15 is mounted on the second center seat 20. The distance between the center of the fixed center 6 and the bottom surface of the first center seat 3 is equal to the distance between the center of the movable center 15 and the bottom surface of the second center seat 20, with an error not exceeding 0.003 mm. The fixed center 6 and the movable center 15 are opposite to each other and coaxially arranged. 5. The universal mandrel 10 is axially positioned through the center holes at both ends. The axes of the fixed center 6 and the movable center 15 are parallel to the upper surface of the plate 2, and the axis of the fixed center 6 is parallel to the length direction of the plate 2. This ensures that after the universal mandrel 10 to be ground is installed between the fixed center 6 and the movable center 15, the angle between the central axis of the universal mandrel 10 to be ground and the lower surface of the wedge plate 1 is equal to the angle between the groove 101 on the universal mandrel 10 to be ground and the central axis of the universal mandrel 10. This ensures that the uppermost groove 101 on the universal mandrel 10 in this state is parallel to the lower surface of the wedge plate 1. The front ends of the fixed center 6 and the movable center 15 are both round-center structures. The roughness of the outer conical surface of the front end of the fixed center 6 and the outer conical surface of the front end of the movable center 15 is Ra0.8, which can prevent surface scratches and improve coaxiality after clamping.

[0074] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 11As shown, a fourth groove 301 is provided on the top of the first center seat 3. The symmetry of the fourth groove 301 with respect to the keyway 29 at the bottom of the first center seat 3 is no greater than 0.005 mm, and the perpendicularity of the two sides of the fourth groove 301 with respect to the bottom surface of the first center seat 3 is no greater than 0.005 mm. A second tail seat 601 is connected to the tail end of the fixed center 6. The cross-section of the second tail seat 601 perpendicular to the axis of the fixed center 6 is inverted T-shaped. First shoulders 602 are symmetrically provided on both sides of the second tail seat 601. The symmetry of the two sides of the two first shoulders 602 that are far apart from each other with respect to the axis of the fixed center 6 is no greater than 0.005 mm. The second tailstock 601 is located within the fourth groove 301, using a mating grinding method. The distance between the mutually distancing sides of the two first shoulders 602 is 0mm to 0.005mm smaller than the width of the fourth groove 301. The first clamping mechanism 200 also includes a pair of first upper baffles 5. The upper surface of the first center seat 3 has six M8 threaded holes for assembling the pair of first upper baffles 5. The first upper baffles 5 are cuboid in shape and have three countersunk holes, allowing the pair of first upper baffles 5 to be mounted on the first center seat 3 using six bolts. The parallelism between the upper and lower surfaces of the upper baffle 5 is no greater than 0.003mm. Using a mating grinding method, the height of the first shoulder 602 is 0.01mm greater than the depth of the fourth groove 301. This ensures that after assembly, the lower surfaces of the pair of first upper baffles 5 press against the corresponding first shoulders 602, effectively clamping the first shoulders 602 and preventing the fixed tip 6 from shifting. The first clamping mechanism 200 also includes a pair of first side baffles 4. The first tip seat 3 has four M8 threaded holes on each side of the fourth groove 301 for assembling the pair of first side baffles 4. The first side baffle 4 is rectangular and has four countersunk holes, allowing a pair of first side baffles 4 to be assembled onto the first center seat 3 using eight bolts. The first side baffle 4 also has an M8 threaded hole for mounting a fourth clamping member 25, which is a screw. The screws of both fourth clamping members 25 extend into the fourth groove 301. Rotating the pair of fourth clamping members 25 causes their inner ends to press against the second tail seat 601, preventing the second tail seat 601 from shifting axially along the fixed center seat 6. Furthermore, the position of the second tail seat 601 within the fourth groove 301 can be adjusted along the length of the plate 2 to meet the processing requirements of universal mandrels 10 of different specifications.

[0075] In other embodiments, the first side baffle 4 and the first tip seat 3 can also be designed as an integral structure. In other embodiments, the second tailstock 601 and the first tip seat 3 can also be designed as an integral structure. In other embodiments, other structures can also be used to fix the fixed tip 6 onto the first tip seat 3.

[0076] like Figure 2 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 12As shown, the top of the second center seat 20 is provided with a third groove 201. The symmetry of the third groove 201 with respect to the keyway 29 at the bottom of the second center seat 20 is no greater than 0.005mm, and the perpendicularity of the two sides of the third groove 201 with respect to the bottom surface of the second center seat 20 is no greater than 0.005mm. The tail end of the movable center 15 is connected to a first tail seat 151. The cross-section of the first tail seat 151 perpendicular to the axis of the movable center 15 is inverted T-shaped. The two sides of the first tail seat 151 are symmetrically provided with second shoulders 153. The symmetry of the two sides of the two second shoulders 153 that are far apart from each other with respect to the axis of the movable center 15 is no greater than 0.003mm. The first tail seat 151 is set in the third groove 201 and can move along the length of the plate 2. It is used in a grinding manner. The distance between the mutually distancing sides of the second shoulder 153 is 0mm to 0.005mm smaller than the width of the third groove 201, and the height of the second shoulder 153 is 0mm to 0.005mm smaller than the depth of the third groove 201. The second clamping mechanism 500 also includes a pair of second upper baffles 26. The upper surface of the second center seat 20 is provided with 6 threaded holes of size M8 for assembling the pair of second upper baffles 26. The second upper baffles 26 are cuboid in shape and are provided with 3 countersunk holes. The pair of second upper baffles 26 can be installed on the second center seat 20 by 6 bolts. The pair of second upper baffles 26 abut against the top of the pair of second shoulders 153 respectively, and the parallelism between the upper and lower surfaces of the second upper baffles 26 is not greater than 0.0.05mm; The second center seat 20 has four M8 threaded holes on each side of the third groove 201 for assembling a pair of third side baffles 27. The third side baffles 27 are cuboid in shape and have four countersunk holes, allowing the pair of third side baffles 27 to be assembled onto the second center seat 20 using eight bolts; The second clamping mechanism 500 also includes a second spring 35, an auxiliary disassembly screw 30, and a third clamping member 14. The first tail seat 151 has a second blind hole 152 on the side away from the movable center 15. One end of the second spring 35 extends into the second blind hole 152 and presses against the second blind hole 152. On the inner end face, the other end of the second spring 35 presses against the third side baffle 27; each of the pair of third side baffles 27 is also provided with an M8 threaded hole, which is used to install the auxiliary disassembly screw 30 and the third clamping member 14, respectively. The auxiliary disassembly screw 30 is installed on the third side baffle 27 located on the side of the second center seat 20 near the movable center 15. The third clamping member 14 is a screw, which is installed on the third side baffle 27 located on the side of the second center seat 20 away from the movable center 15. The screws of both the auxiliary disassembly screw 30 and the third clamping member 14 extend into the third groove 201. The screw of the third clamping member 14 passes through the second spring 35 and extends... The movable center 15 is inserted into the second blind hole 152. After the movable center 15 is pressed against the universal mandrel 10 by the force of the second spring 35, the third clamping member 14 is screwed on so that the end face of the screw of the third clamping member 14 contacts the inner end face of the second blind hole 152. This provides auxiliary clamping and prevents the movable center 15 from moving along the central axis of the universal mandrel 10 during processing. It should be noted that after the movable center 15 is pressed against the universal mandrel 10 by the force of the second spring 35, the third clamping member 14 is screwed on so that the end face of the screw of the third clamping member 14 contacts the inner end face of the second blind hole 152. The third clamping member 14 does not exert any force on the first tailstock 151. The larger clamping force allows the universal mandrel 10 to rotate without needing to tighten the third clamping member 14 to separate the end face of the screw of the third clamping member 14 from the inner end face of the second blind hole 152 after grinding one groove 101. When removing the universal mandrel 10 from between the fixed center 6 and the movable center 15, the auxiliary removal screw 30 can be tightened to overcome the elastic force of the second spring 35 and push the first tailstock 151, thereby moving the movable center 15 away from the fixed center 6 until the universal mandrel 10 can be removed from between the fixed center 6 and the movable center 15. The auxiliary removal screw 30 facilitates the disassembly of the universal mandrel 10.

[0077] In other embodiments, the third side baffle 27 and the second top seat 20 can also be designed as an integral structure. In other embodiments, other structures can also be used to lock the position of the first tail seat 151 on the second top seat 20.

[0078] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the indexing mechanism 300 includes a toothed pin seat 7, a toothed pin 8, an indexing ring 9, a third spring 22, and a second clamping member 24.

[0079] like Figure 3 , Figure 14 As shown, the indexing ring 9 is annular in shape. Through a grinding process, the diameter of the through hole 901 of the indexing ring 9 is 0mm to 0.003mm larger than the diameter of the universal mandrel 10 to be ground. The indexing ring 9 is equipped with multiple set screws to fix it to the circumference of the universal mandrel 10. Specifically, three first threaded holes 903 communicating with the through hole 901 are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the indexing ring 9. The size of each first threaded hole 903 is M4. 03 is equipped with set screws; the outer circumferential surface of the indexing ring 9 is provided with positioning grooves 902 that match the number and circumferential position of the sliding grooves 101 on the universal mandrel 10 to be ground. Specifically, there are three positioning grooves 902 on the outer circumferential surface of the indexing ring 9. The three positioning grooves 902 are evenly distributed around the axis of the indexing ring 9, and the extension direction of the positioning grooves 902 is parallel to the axis of the indexing ring 9. The included angle between the two sides of the section of the positioning groove 902 perpendicular to the axis of the indexing ring 9 is 30°.

[0080] like Figure 3 and Figure 13 As shown, the toothed pin seat 7 is mounted on the plate 2. A second groove 701 is provided on the upper part of the toothed pin seat 7. The second groove 701 penetrates the top surface and one side surface of the toothed pin seat 7. The symmetry of the second groove 701 with respect to the keyway 29 at the bottom of the toothed pin seat 7 is no greater than 0.005 mm, and the perpendicularity of the three sides of the second groove 701 with respect to the bottom surface of the toothed pin seat 7 is no greater than 0.005 mm.

[0081] like Figure 3 , Figure 13 , Figure 15 and Figure 16As shown, the toothed pin 8 is rectangular in shape and is disposed within the second groove 701. The toothed pin 8 can move up and down relative to the second groove 701. The width and length of the toothed pin 8 are fitted to the second groove 701. The width of the toothed pin 8 is 0mm to 0.005mm smaller than the width of the second groove 701, and the length of the toothed pin 8 is 0mm to 0.005mm smaller than the length of the second groove 701. Preferably, the width of the toothed pin 8 is 0mm to 0.003mm smaller than the width of the second groove 701, and the length of the toothed pin 8 is smaller than the width of the second groove 701. The length of the second groove 701 is less than 0 mm to 0.003 mm. A positioning tooth 801 is provided at the middle of the top of the toothed pin 8 along its width direction. The positioning tooth 801 extends upward from the second groove 701. The included angle between the two sides of the section of the positioning tooth 801 perpendicular to the axis of the indexing ring 9 is 30°. The surface roughness of the positioning tooth 801 is Ra0.8, and the surface roughness of the side of the toothed pin 8 is Ra0.8. The positioning tooth 801 cooperates with the positioning groove 902 to achieve circumferential positioning of the universal mandrel 10 to be ground. An indexing mechanism 300 is provided. Through the indexing ring 9, the indexing problem can be effectively solved, ensuring accurate indexing of the three sliding grooves 101 on the universal mandrel 10.

[0082] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 13 , Figure 16 , Figure 18 As shown, the second side baffle 23 is rectangular in shape. Four M8 threaded holes are provided on one side of the opening of the second groove 701 on the toothed pin seat 7 for assembling the second side baffle 23. The second side baffle 23 has four countersunk holes, allowing it to be mounted on the toothed pin seat 7 using four bolts. The parallelism between the inner and outer surfaces of the second side baffle 23 is no greater than 0.005 mm. An M8 threaded hole is provided on the side of the toothed pin 8 adjacent to the second side baffle 23. The fourth threaded hole 802 extends along the length of the toothed pin 8. The second clamping member 24 includes a second screw and a first wing nut. One end of the second screw is connected to the fourth threaded hole 802, and the other end of the second screw passes through the second through groove 231 on the second side baffle 23 and is threaded to the first wing nut. The second through groove 231 serves as a limit. After the positioning tooth 801 is inserted into the positioning groove 902, tightening the first wing nut can prevent the toothed pin 8 from sliding down.

[0083] A first blind hole 803 is provided at the bottom end of the toothed pin 8. The upper end of the third spring 22 extends into the first blind hole 803 and abuts against the upper end face of the first blind hole 803. The lower end of the third spring 22 abuts against the lower end face of the second groove 701. After the first wing nut is loosened, the third spring 22 will exert an upward force on the toothed pin 8, causing the positioning tooth 801 to insert into the positioning groove 902.

[0084] In other embodiments, the toothed pin seat 7 and the second side baffle 23 can also be designed as an integral structure. In other embodiments, other structures can also be used to enable the toothed pin 8 to be mounted on the toothed pin seat 7 and to be adjustable up and down.

[0085] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 17 , Figure 19 and Figure 20 As shown, the support mechanism 400 includes a support base 11, an intermediate support slider 17, and a support member 21. The support base 11 is mounted on the flat plate 2, and the intermediate support slider 17 is mounted on the support base 11 and is adjustable up and down. A first groove 112 is provided at the center of the top of the support base 11, and the first groove 112 penetrates the top surface and one side surface of the support base 11. The intermediate support slider 17 is cuboid in shape and is disposed within the first groove 112. The intermediate support slider 17 can move up and down relative to the first groove 112. The width and length of the intermediate support slider 17 are fitted to the first groove 112. The width of the intermediate support slider 17 is... The width of the intermediate support slider 17 is 0mm to 0.005mm smaller than the width of the first groove 112, and the length of the intermediate support slider 17 is 0mm to 0.005mm smaller than the length of the first groove 112. Preferably, the width of the intermediate support slider 17 is 0mm to 0.003mm smaller than the width of the first groove 112, and the length of the intermediate support slider 17 is 0mm to 0.003mm smaller than the length of the first groove 112. The top surface of the intermediate support slider 17 is provided with a fifth threaded hole 172 of size M8. The support member 21 is a bolt, which is installed on the fifth threaded hole 172 and extends out of the first groove 112. The support member 21 can prevent scratches on the surface of the universal spindle 10 and can also adjust the height.

[0086] The support base 11 has two inwardly curved arc arms 111 symmetrically arranged on its top. The opening between the two arc arms 111 is larger than the diameter of the universal mandrel 10 to be ground, so as to facilitate loading and unloading of the universal mandrel 10 and also to facilitate the processing of the groove 101. Each arc arm 111 is provided with a third threaded hole 113 of size M6. A fastening screw 32 is installed on the third threaded hole 113. By rotating the fastening screw 32, the end face of the fastening screw 32 is pressed against the outer circle of the universal mandrel 10, which plays the role of oblique support. The support member 21 and the two symmetrically distributed fastening screws 32 form a three-point support structure. The center of the circle formed by the three support points is consistent with the center of the universal mandrel 10, which plays the role of support and fixation, and can prevent the part from vibrating and deforming during processing, ensuring the smoothness and accuracy of processing.

[0087] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 17 , Figure 18, Figure 19 and Figure 20 As shown, the support mechanism 400 also includes a first clamping member 13, a first spring 18, and a fourth side baffle 12. The fourth side baffle 12 is cuboid in shape. Four M8 threaded holes are provided on one side of the opening of the first groove 112 on the support base 11 for assembling the fourth side baffle 12. The fourth side baffle 12 has four countersunk holes, allowing it to be assembled onto the support base 11 using four bolts. The parallelism between the inner and outer surfaces of the fourth side baffle 12 is no greater than 0.005 mm. The intermediate support slider 17 is located near the side of the fourth side baffle 12. The surface is provided with a second threaded hole 171 of size M8. The axis of the second threaded hole 171 extends along the length of the intermediate support slider 17. The first clamping member 13 includes a third screw and a second wing nut. One end of the third screw is connected to the second threaded hole 171, and the other end of the third screw passes through the first through groove 121 on the fourth side baffle 12 and is threaded to the second wing nut. The first through groove 121 serves as a limit. When the support mechanism 400 supports and fixes the universal mandrel 10, tightening the second wing nut can prevent the intermediate support slider 17 from sliding down.

[0088] like Figure 4 , Figure 17 , Figure 20 As shown, the bottom of the intermediate support slider 17 is provided with a third blind hole 173. The upper end of the first spring 18 extends into the third blind hole 173 and abuts against the upper end face of the third blind hole 173. The lower end of the first spring 18 abuts against the lower end face of the first groove 112. After the second wing nut is loosened, the first spring 18 applies an upward force to the intermediate support slider 17, causing the support member 21 to press against the universal mandrel 10. The application of the first spring 18 allows the intermediate support slider 17 to slide up and down, facilitating adjustment.

[0089] In other embodiments, the support member 21 may be omitted, and the intermediate support slider 17 and two symmetrically distributed fastening screws 32 constitute a three-point support structure. In other embodiments, the support base 11 and the fourth side baffle 12 may be designed as an integral structure. In other embodiments, other structures may be used to enable the intermediate support slider 17 to be mounted on the support base 11 and to be adjustable up and down.

[0090] like Figure 8 , Figure 13 and Figure 17 As shown, weight-reducing grooves are provided in the middle of the first center seat 3, the middle of the second center seat 20, the middle of the toothed pin seat 7, and the middle of the support seat 11, which can reduce weight. At the same time, the hollow design also facilitates the installation of the first screw 33. The first center seat 3, the second center seat 20, the toothed pin seat 7, and the support seat 11 are all designed with a large bottom and a small top, which provides good structural stability.

[0091] The materials of wedge plate 1, flat plate 2, first center seat 3, second center seat 20, toothed pin seat 7, and support seat 11 are HT200 with a hardness of 170-240HB. This material has good wear resistance and shock absorption performance, is not prone to resonance, and has stable precision. The materials of fixed center 6, movable center 15, intermediate support slider 17, toothed pin 8, and indexing ring 9 are GCr15 with a hardness of 58-63HRC. The material of directional key 16 is T10 steel with a hardness of 40-45HRC. The materials of fourth side baffle 12, second side baffle 23, second upper baffle 26, and first upper baffle 5 are 45 steel with a hardness of 40-45HRC. The materials of third side baffle 27 and first side baffle 4 are 45 steel with a hardness of 28-33HRC.

[0092] A method for grooving with a universal mandrel, using the aforementioned adjustable universal mandrel grooving device, includes the following steps:

[0093] Step 1: Assemble the universal mandrel adjustable grinding device, and adjust and align it.

[0094] Step 1.1: Assemble the universal mandrel adjustable grooving device. The wedge plate 1 is not assembled yet. Use the universal mandrel 10 to be grooved to adjust the relative positions between the first clamping mechanism 200, the second clamping mechanism 500, the indexing mechanism 300 and the support mechanism 400.

[0095] Step 1.2: Step a) Place the assembled universal mandrel adjustable grooving device on a high-precision platform for debugging. Clamp the universal mandrel 10 to be grooved. By checking the generatrix of the outer circle of the universal mandrel 10 to be grooved, ensure that the coaxiality of the fixed center 6 and the movable center 15 is no greater than 0.002mm, and that the parallelism of the central axis of the universal mandrel 10 to the plate 2 is no greater than 0.003mm; Step b) After completing step a, by checking the generatrix of the outer circle of the universal mandrel 10 to be grooved, ensure that the parallelism of the central axis of the universal mandrel 10 to the side of the plate 2 is no greater than 0.003mm; Step c) Connect the wedge plate 1 to the plate 2, so that... The parallelism between the side of wedge plate 1 and the side of plate 2 is no greater than 0.003mm; step b is to ensure that when assembling and connecting wedge plate 1, the parallelism between the side of plate 2 and the side of wedge plate 1 is no greater than 0.003mm through adjustment, thereby ensuring that the parallelism between the central axis of universal spindle 10 and the side of wedge plate 1 is no greater than 0.003mm; step c is to ensure that when the universal spindle adjustable grinding device is placed on the worktable of the surface grinder, the parallelism between the side of wedge plate 1 and the X-axis of the machine tool is no greater than 0.003mm through alignment, thereby ensuring that the parallelism between the central axis of universal spindle 10 and the plane containing the X-axis and Z-axis of the machine tool is no greater than 0.003mm.

[0096] Step 1.3: Place the universal adjustable mandrel grinding device on the worktable of the surface grinder and align the side of the wedge plate 1 so that the parallelism between it and the X-axis of the machine tool is no more than 0.003mm. At this time, since the universal adjustable mandrel grinding device is tilted in the horizontal direction, it can no longer be aligned by the outer circle of the universal mandrel 10. The only way to ensure that the parallelism between the central axis of the universal mandrel 10 and the plane containing the X-axis and Z-axis of the machine tool is no more than 0.003mm is to align the side of the wedge plate 1.

[0097] Step 2: Install the indexing ring 9 on the outer circle of the universal mandrel 10 to be ground, without tightening the set screw on the indexing ring 9. Then, adjust the toothed pin 8 and the intermediate support slider 17 to the lower end, and tighten the first wing nut and the second wing nut respectively. Then, install the universal mandrel 10 with the indexing ring 9 installed between the fixed center 6 and the movable center 15. In this step, adjusting the toothed pin 8 and the intermediate support slider 17 to the lower end is to ensure that the universal mandrel 10 does not interfere with the installation.

[0098] Step 3: Loosen the first wing nut, and apply an upward force to the toothed pin 8 through the third spring 22, so that the positioning tooth 801 is inserted into the positioning groove 902 of the indexing ring 9. Then tighten the first wing nut to fix the toothed pin 8, thereby ensuring the relative position of the toothed pin 8 and the indexing ring 9.

[0099] Step 4: First, tighten the third clamping member 14 located on the side of the first tailstock 151 away from the fixed center 6, so that the end face of the third clamping member 14 contacts the inner end face of the second blind hole 152, which plays an auxiliary tightening role, so that the fixed center 6 and the movable center 15 can securely position the universal mandrel 10 to be ground through the center hole of the universal mandrel 10 to be ground. Then, align the sliding groove 101 side of the universal mandrel 10 to be ground parallel to the grinding wheel, perform tool setting, and at the same time, lock the set screw on the indexing ring 9 to securely fix the indexing ring 9 and the universal mandrel 10 to be ground, so that the indexing mechanism 300 can accurately index the universal mandrel 10 to be ground.

[0100] Step 5: Loosen the second wing nut, and the first spring 18 will exert an upward force on the intermediate support slider 17, so that it will exert a floating upward force on the universal mandrel 10 to be ground, so that the support 21 will press against the universal mandrel 10. Then tighten the second wing nut to fix the intermediate support slider 17 securely, and finally tighten the fastening screw 32 on the support seat 11 to achieve clamping and positioning of the universal mandrel 10 to be ground.

[0101] Step 6: Grind the groove 101 of the universal mandrel 10 according to the preset technical requirements. After rough grinding the first groove 101, loosen the first wing nut and the second wing nut, pull down the second screw and the third screw to make the toothed pin 8 and the intermediate support slider 17 slide down, and lock the first wing nut and the second wing nut. At the same time, loosen the fastening screw 32 on the support seat 11, and then rotate the universal mandrel 10 to align the positioning tooth 801 of the toothed pin 8 with the second positioning groove 902 of the indexing ring 9. Repeat steps 3 and 5 to grind the second groove 101 of the universal mandrel 10, and so on, to grind the third groove 101 of the universal mandrel 10.

[0102] Step 7: After rough grinding, age the material, then semi-fine grind, age it a second time, and finally finish grinding it to shape the groove of the universal mandrel 10.

[0103] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the specific technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A universal adjustable mandrel grinding device, characterized in that: It includes a wedge-shaped base plate (100), and a first clamping mechanism (200), an indexing mechanism (300), a support mechanism (400), and a second clamping mechanism (500) sequentially arranged on the wedge-shaped base plate (100) along its extension direction; the extension direction of the wedge-shaped base plate (100) refers to the extension direction of its wedge angle line; The angle of the wedge-shaped base plate (100) is the included angle between the upper groove (101) of the universal mandrel (10) to be ground and the central axis of the universal mandrel (10); The first clamping mechanism (200) and the second clamping mechanism (500) are used to position the universal mandrel (10) to be ground along the axial direction from both ends, respectively. The support mechanism (400) is used to support and fix the universal mandrel (10) to be ground. The indexing mechanism (300) includes a toothed pin seat (7), a toothed pin (8), and an indexing ring (9); The toothed pin seat (7) is movably mounted on the wedge-shaped base plate (100) along the extension direction of the wedge-shaped base plate (100); The toothed pin (8) is mounted on the toothed pin seat (7) and can be adjusted up and down. The top of the toothed pin (8) is provided with a positioning tooth (801). The indexing ring (9) is provided with multiple set screws for fixing the indexing ring (9) on the circumference of the universal mandrel (10) to be ground; the outer circumferential surface of the indexing ring (9) is provided with positioning grooves (902) that match the number and circumferential position of the sliding grooves (101) on the universal mandrel (10) to be ground one by one. The positioning teeth (801) cooperate with the positioning groove (902) to achieve circumferential positioning of the universal mandrel (10) to be ground. The wedge-shaped base plate (100) includes a wedge-shaped plate (1) and a flat plate (2) arranged sequentially from bottom to top; The support mechanism (400) includes a support base (11), a first clamping member (13), an intermediate support slider (17), a first spring (18), and a support member (21). The support base (11) is mounted on the plate (2), and its position can be adjusted along the length of the plate (2); The support base (11) is symmetrically provided with two inwardly curved arc arms (111) on its top, and the opening between the two arc arms (111) is larger than the diameter of the universal mandrel (10) to be ground; fastening screws (32) facing inward are provided on the two arc arms (111). The support base (11) has a first groove (112) at the center of its top. The first spring (18), the intermediate support slider (17) and the support member (21) are arranged sequentially from bottom to top in the first groove (112); the support member (21) is arranged on the top of the intermediate support slider (17) and extends out of the first groove (112). The support (21) and two fastening screws (32) form a three-point support structure for fixing the universal mandrel (10) to be ground. The intermediate support slider (17) can move up and down relative to the first groove (112); the first clamping member (13) is installed on the support base (11) and connected to one side of the intermediate support slider (17) for clamping the intermediate support slider (17). The indexing mechanism (300) also includes a third spring (22) and a second clamping member (24); The upper part of the toothed pin seat (7) is provided with a second groove (701). The third spring (22) and the toothed pin (8) are arranged sequentially from bottom to top in the second groove (701); the positioning tooth (801) extends upward out of the second groove (701). The toothed pin (8) can move up and down relative to the second groove (701); the second clamping member (24) is installed on the toothed pin seat (7) and connected to one side of the toothed pin (8) for clamping the toothed pin (8). Multiple positioning grooves (902) are evenly distributed around the axis of the indexing ring (9), and the extension direction of the positioning grooves (902) is parallel to the axis of the indexing ring (9).

2. The universal mandrel adjustable grinding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle of the wedge plate (1) is the included angle between the upper groove (101) of the universal mandrel (10) to be ground and the central axis of the universal mandrel (10); The first clamping mechanism (200), the toothed pin seat (7), the support mechanism (400) and the second clamping mechanism (500) are arranged sequentially on the plate (2) along the extension direction of the wedge plate (1), and their positions on the plate (2) can be adjusted along the length direction of the plate (2); the length direction of the plate (2) is consistent with the extension direction of the wedge plate (1).

3. The universal mandrel adjustable grinding device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first clamping mechanism (200) includes a fixed center (6) and a first center seat (3); the second clamping mechanism (500) includes a movable center (15) and a second center seat (20); The first center seat (3) and the second center seat (20) are both mounted on the plate (2), and their positions can be adjusted along the length of the plate (2); The fixed tip (6) is fixedly installed on the first tip seat (3), and its position can be adjusted along the length of the plate (2); The movable tip (15) is mounted on the second tip seat (20), and a second spring (35) is provided between the side of the movable tip (15) away from the fixed tip (6) and the second tip seat (20), so that the movable tip (15) can move along the length direction of the plate (2); a locking component is provided on the second tip seat (20), which is used to lock the movable tip (15). The fixed tip (6) and the movable tip (15) are opposite to each other and coaxially arranged.

4. The universal mandrel adjustable grinding device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top of the second tip seat (20) is provided with a third groove (201); The tail end of the movable tip (15) is connected to a first tail seat (151). The first tail seat (151) is set in the third groove (201). The second spring (35) is set in the third groove (201). The second spring (35) is located between the side of the first tail seat (151) away from the fixed tip (6) and the second tip seat (20), so that the first tail seat (151) can move along the length direction of the plate (2). The locking assembly includes a third clamping member (14), which is mounted on the second top seat (20) and extends from the end of the third groove (201) away from the fixed top (6) into the third groove (201) to assist in clamping the first tail seat (151). The top of the first tip seat (3) is provided with a fourth groove (301); The tail end of the fixed tip (6) is connected to a second tail seat (601), which is located in the fourth groove (301) and can be adjusted along the length of the plate (2). The top of the first top seat (3) is equipped with a first upper baffle (5), and the second tail seat (601) is provided with first shoulders (602) on both sides. The height of the first shoulders (602) is slightly greater than the depth of the fourth groove (301) so that the lower surface of the first upper baffle (5) presses against the first shoulders (602). A first side baffle (4) is provided on each side of the first top seat (3) at both ends of the fourth groove (301). A fourth pressing member (25) is connected to the first side baffle (4). The inner end of the fourth pressing member (25) extends into the fourth groove (301) to press the second tail seat (601).

5. The universal mandrel adjustable grinding device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper surface of the plate (2) is provided with an inverted T-shaped groove (31) that runs through the length direction. The bottom of the first center seat (3), the second center seat (20), the toothed pin seat (7) and the support seat (11) are all provided with keyways (29), and each keyway (29) is equipped with a directional key (16), which slides in conjunction with the narrow part of the upper part of the inverted T-shaped groove (31). The bottoms of the first center seat (3), the second center seat (20), the toothed pin seat (7) and the support seat (11) are all mounted on the inverted T-slot (31) by fasteners.

6. The universal mandrel adjustable grinding device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The parallelism between the upper and lower surfaces of the plate (2) is no greater than 0.003 mm; The parallelism between the side of the wedge plate (1) parallel to the axis of the fixed tip (6) and the side of the plate (2) parallel to the axis of the fixed tip (6) is no greater than 0.003 mm. The tolerance of the included angle between the upper and lower surfaces of the wedge plate (1) and the included angle between the upper groove (101) of the universal mandrel (10) to be ground and the central axis of the universal mandrel (10) is ±30″. The flatness of the upper and lower surfaces of the wedge plate (1) is no greater than 0.003 mm, and the flatness of the bottom surfaces of the first center seat (3), the second center seat (20), the support seat (11), and the toothed pin seat (7) is no greater than 0.003 mm. The distance between the center of the fixed tip (6) and the bottom surface of the first tip seat (3) is equal to the distance between the center of the movable tip (15) and the bottom surface of the second tip seat (20), and the error is no greater than 0.003mm. The roughness of the outer conical surface of the front end of the fixed tip (6) and the front end of the movable tip (15) is Ra0.8; The symmetry of the second groove (701) relative to the keyway (29) at the bottom of the toothed pin seat (7) is no greater than 0.005 mm, and the perpendicularity of the three sides of the second groove (701) relative to the bottom surface of the toothed pin seat (7) is no greater than 0.005 mm; the width and length of the toothed pin (8) are ground to match the second groove (701), and the gap is no greater than 0.005 mm; The width and length of the intermediate support slider (17) are fitted to the first groove (112), with a gap of no more than 0.005 mm. The fit clearance between the width of the directional key (16) and the width of the keyway (29) is no greater than 0.005 mm; the fit clearance between the width of the directional key (16) and the width of the narrow part at the top of the inverted T-groove (31) is no greater than 0.005 mm. The diameter of the through hole (901) of the indexing ring (9) is 0 mm to 0.003 mm larger than the diameter of the universal mandrel (10) to be ground. The symmetry of the third groove (201) relative to the keyway (29) at the bottom of the second top seat (20) is no greater than 0.005mm. The perpendicularity of the two sides of the third groove (201) relative to the bottom surface of the second top seat (20) is no greater than 0.005mm. The symmetry of the two sides of the second shoulder (153) on the first tail seat (151) that are far apart from each other relative to the axis of the movable top (15) is no greater than 0.003mm. The distance between the two sides of the second shoulder (153) that are far apart from each other is 0mm~0.005mm smaller than the width of the third groove (201). The height of the second shoulder (153) is 0mm~0.005mm smaller than the depth of the third groove (201). The symmetry of the fourth groove (301) relative to the bottom keyway (29) of the first top seat (3) is no greater than 0.005mm, the perpendicularity of the two sides of the fourth groove (301) relative to the bottom surface of the first top seat (3) is no greater than 0.005mm, the symmetry of the two sides of the first shoulder (602) that are far apart from each other relative to the axis of the fixed top (6) is no greater than 0.003mm, the distance between the two sides of the first shoulder (602) that are far apart from each other is 0mm~0.005mm smaller than the width of the fourth groove (301), and the height of the first shoulder (602) is 0.01mm greater than the depth of the fourth groove (301). The included angle between the two sides of the section of the positioning groove (902) perpendicular to the axis of the indexing ring (9) is 30°, the included angle between the two sides of the section of the positioning tooth (801) perpendicular to the axis of the indexing ring (9) is 30°, and the surface roughness of the positioning tooth (801) is Ra0.

8. The materials of the wedge plate (1), plate (2), first center seat (3), second center seat (20), toothed pin seat (7) and support seat (11) are HT200 with a hardness of 170-240HB; The fixed center (6), the movable center (15), the intermediate support slider (17), the toothed pin (8) and the indexing ring (9) are made of GCr15 with a hardness of 58-63HRC. The material of the directional key (16) is T10 steel with a hardness of 40-45HRC.

7. A method for grooving with a universal mandrel, based on the adjustable universal mandrel grooving device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: First, assemble the universal adjustable mandrel grinding device, then place the assembled universal adjustable mandrel grinding device on a high-precision platform for debugging, and then place the universal adjustable mandrel grinding device on the surface grinder worktable for alignment. Step 2: Install the indexing ring (9) on the outer circle of the universal mandrel (10) to be ground, do not tighten the set screw on the indexing ring (9), then adjust the toothed pin (8) to the lower end, and then pre-install the universal mandrel (10) with the indexing ring (9) installed between the first clamping mechanism (200) and the second clamping mechanism (500); Step 3: Adjust the toothed pin seat (7) to move upward so that the positioning tooth (801) is inserted into the positioning groove (902) of the indexing ring (9); Step 4: First, securely position the universal mandrel (10) to be ground using the first clamping mechanism (200) and the second clamping mechanism (500). Then, align the sliding groove (101) of the universal mandrel (10) to be ground parallel to the grinding wheel and perform tool setting. At the same time, tighten the set screw on the indexing ring (9) to securely fix the indexing ring (9) and the universal mandrel (10) to be ground, so that the indexing mechanism (300) can accurately index the universal mandrel (10) to be ground. Step 5: Clamp and position the universal mandrel (10) to be ground using the support mechanism (400); Step 6: Grind the groove (101) of the universal mandrel (10) according to the preset technical requirements. After the first groove (101) is rough ground, adjust the toothed pin (8) to the lower end and release the clamping and positioning of the universal mandrel (10) by the support mechanism (400). Then rotate the universal mandrel (10) to align the positioning tooth (801) of the toothed pin (8) with the second positioning groove (902) of the indexing ring (9). Repeat steps 3 and 5 to grind the second groove (101) of the universal mandrel (10). Similarly, grind the remaining grooves (101) of the universal mandrel (10). Step 7: After rough grinding, age, then semi-fine grinding, second aging, and finally fine grinding to form the groove on the universal mandrel (10).

8. The universal mandrel grinding method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 1, the assembly of the universal mandrel adjustable grooving device is specifically as follows: assemble the universal mandrel adjustable grooving device, wherein the wedge plate (1) is not assembled for the time being, and use the universal mandrel (10) to be grooved to adjust the relative positions between the first clamping mechanism (200), the second clamping mechanism (500), the indexing mechanism (300) and the support mechanism (400); In step 1, the assembled universal mandrel adjustable grinding device is placed on a high-precision platform for debugging. Specifically, step a is to place the assembled universal mandrel adjustable grinding device on a high-precision platform for debugging, clamp the universal mandrel (10) to be ground, and by detecting the generatrix of the outer circle of the universal mandrel (10) to be ground, ensure that the coaxiality of the fixed center (6) and the movable center (15) is no greater than 0.002mm, and that the parallelism of the central axis of the universal mandrel (10) to the plate (2) is no greater than 0.003mm; step b is to detect the generatrix of the outer circle of the universal mandrel (10) to be ground, ensure that the parallelism of the central axis of the universal mandrel (10) to the side of the plate (2) is no greater than 0.003mm; step c is to connect the wedge plate (1) to the plate (2), ensure that the parallelism of the side of the wedge plate (1) to the side of the plate (2) is no greater than 0.003mm. In step 1, the process of placing the universal mandrel adjustable grinding device on the surface grinder table for alignment is as follows: Place the universal mandrel adjustable grinding device on the surface grinder table and align the side of the wedge plate (1) so that the parallelism between the side of the wedge plate (1) and the X-axis of the machine tool is no more than 0.003mm. In step 2, while adjusting the toothed pin (8) to the lower end, the intermediate support slider (17) is also adjusted to the lower end, and then the first clamping member (13) and the second clamping member (24) are locked respectively. In step 2, the universal mandrel (10) with the indexing ring (9) installed is pre-installed between the first clamping mechanism (200) and the second clamping mechanism (500). Specifically, the universal mandrel (10) with the indexing ring (9) installed is installed between the fixed center (6) and the movable center (15). Step 3 is as follows: loosen the second clamping member (24), apply an upward force to the toothed pin (8) through the third spring (22), so that the positioning tooth (801) is inserted into the positioning groove (902) of the indexing ring (9), and then tighten the second clamping member (24) to fix the toothed pin (8), thereby ensuring the relative position of the toothed pin (8) and the indexing ring (9); In step 4, the universal mandrel (10) to be ground is securely positioned by the first clamping mechanism (200) and the second clamping mechanism (500) as follows: tighten the third clamping member (14) located on the side of the first tailstock (151) away from the fixed center (6), so that the end face of the third clamping member (14) assists in pressing against the first tailstock (151), thereby so that the fixed center (6) and the movable center (15) securely position the universal mandrel (10) to be ground through the center hole of the universal mandrel (10); Step 5 is as follows: Loosen the first clamping member (13), and use the first spring (18) to give the intermediate support slider (17) an upward force, so that it gives the universal mandrel (10) to be ground a floating upward force. Then tighten the first clamping member (13) to fix the intermediate support slider (17) securely. Finally, tighten the fastening screw (32) on the support seat (11) to achieve clamping and positioning of the universal mandrel (10) to be ground. In step 6, the toothed pin (8) is adjusted to the lower end, and the clamping and positioning of the support mechanism (400) on the universal spindle (10) is released. Specifically, the first clamping member (13) and the second clamping member (24) are loosened, the first clamping member (13) and the second clamping member (24) are pulled down, so that the toothed pin (8) and the intermediate support slider (17) slide down, and the first clamping member (13) and the second clamping member (24) are locked. At the same time, the fastening screw (32) on the support seat (11) is loosened. In step 6, the remaining grooves (101) of the universal mandrel (10) are ground in the same manner, specifically: the third groove (101) of the universal mandrel (10) is ground in the same manner.

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