Compact dual-band monopulse feed system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a compact dual-band monopulse feed system and method.The compact dual-band monopulse feed system comprises a Ku-band monopulse feed system and a Ka-band monopulse feed system, and the monopulse systems of the two bands are arranged in a layered mode in space; the Ku frequency band monopulse feed system comprises a waveguide slot array antenna and a waveguide sum-difference network, the Ka frequency band monopulse feed system comprises a microstrip patch array antenna and a microstrip sum-difference network, and the sum-difference networks of the monopulse feed systems of the two frequency bands are connected with the array antenna. According to the invention, space radiation is carried out on a monopulse signal in the forms of a sum beam, a pitch difference beam and an azimuth difference beam, and the monopulse signal is used for detecting and tracking a target. The method can be applied to feed transmission of dual-band monopulse signals in a missile-borne platform multi-frequency composite precise guidance system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a compact dual-band single-pulse feeding system and method. Background Art

[0002] Precision guidance technology is a widely used technology in modern military. It is used to identify the target position on the battlefield and control weapons to strike the target. Among them, the multi-frequency composite guidance system is an important development direction of precision guidance technology. This guidance system usually uses two sets of high-frequency and low-frequency tracking systems. The low-frequency system is responsible for long-distance guidance and tracking, and the high-frequency system is responsible for close-range precision tracking. It can improve the tracking distance and tracking accuracy, increase anti-interference and adaptability to complex battlefield environments.

[0003] In precision guidance systems, single pulse feed systems are widely used to transmit and receive tracking signals. The single pulse feed system can simultaneously transmit multiple beams in a single pulse, and then receive and process the echo reflected by the target to obtain all the position information of the target, including distance information and angular coordinate information. Therefore, this single pulse feed system can quickly measure the target position information and accurately direct it, and is widely used in radar detection, aerospace, missile defense and other fields.

[0004] In a multi-frequency composite guidance system, in order to realize two sets of high-frequency and low-frequency tracking systems, a single-pulse feeding system working in dual frequency bands needs to be configured accordingly. The dual-frequency single-pulse feeding system currently under research is often complex in structure and large in size. It is usually used in large space platforms such as ground and shipborne platforms, and cannot meet the application requirements of compact and miniaturized spaces such as missile-borne platforms. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a compact dual-band single-pulse feeding system and method, which solves the technical problem that the existing single-pulse feeding system is often complex in structure and large in size, is usually used in large space platforms such as ground and shipborne, and cannot better meet the application requirements of compact and miniaturized spaces such as missile-borne platforms.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a compact dual-band single pulse feeding system, including a Ku-band single pulse feeding system and a Ka-band single pulse feeding system, wherein the Ku-band single pulse feeding system includes a waveguide slot array antenna and a waveguide sum-difference network, and the Ka-band single pulse feeding system includes a microstrip patch array antenna and a microstrip sum-difference network;

[0007] The Ku-band single-pulse feeding system and the Ka-band single-pulse feeding system are arranged in layers in space. The Ku-band single-pulse feeding system is a planar metal waveguide structure distributed on the bottom layer. A quartz dielectric substrate is covered directly above the corresponding position of the waveguide slot array antenna, and slots are opened at the corresponding positions of the slots. The Ka-band single-pulse feeding system is arranged on the quartz dielectric substrate and distributed on the top layer.

[0008] The waveguide slot array antenna is composed of 4 waveguide opening slots on the H plane arranged in a 2×2 array, which is used to transmit Ku-band beams and receive Ku-band signals reflected from the target and transmit them to the waveguide sum-difference network for processing.

[0009] The waveguide sum-difference network is formed by connecting four waveguide 90° phase shifters and four waveguide directional couplers, and is used to perform sum-difference operations on four groups of Ku-band signals received by the waveguide slot antenna and then output them to obtain sum signals, elevation difference signals and azimuth difference signals.

[0010] The microstrip patch array antenna is composed of 4 rectangular copper conductor patches arranged in a 2×2 array, which is used to transmit Ka-band beams and receive Ka-band signals reflected from the target and transmit them to a microstrip sum-and-difference network for processing.

[0011] The microstrip sum and difference network is formed by connecting four microstrip 90° phase shifters and four microstrip directional couplers, and is used to perform addition and subtraction processing on four groups of Ka-band signals received by the microstrip patch antenna and then output them to obtain sum signals, elevation difference signals and azimuth difference signals.

[0012] Wherein, the dielectric constant ε of the quartz dielectric substrate material is r =3.78, thickness h=0.127mm, and loss tangent value is close to 0, which can effectively reduce the size and transmission loss of the microstrip structure.

[0013] The present invention also provides a compact dual-band single-pulse feeding method, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Signal A and signal B enter the sum-difference network from port 1 and port 2 of the antenna, and are subjected to a first-level sum-difference operation formed by a 90° phase shifter 1 and a directional coupler 1 in the sum-difference network to generate two signals (A+B) / 2 and (AB) / 2, and then undergo a second-level sum-difference operation;

[0015] Signal C and signal D enter the sum-difference network from ports 3 and 4 of the antenna, and generate two signals (C+D) / 2 and (CD) / 2 after a first-level sum-difference operation formed by a 90° phase shifter 2 and a directional coupler 2 in the sum-difference network, and perform a second-level sum-difference operation;

[0016] After the signal (A+B) / 2 and the signal (C+D) / 2 generated by the primary sum-difference operation are subjected to the secondary sum-difference operation composed of the 90° phase shifter 3 and the directional coupler 3, a sum signal with a value of (A+B+C+D) / 4 is output from the port 5 of the sum-difference network, and a pitch difference signal with a value of (A+B) / 4-(C+D) / 4 is output from the port 6 of the sum-difference network;

[0017] After the two signals (AB) / 2 and (CD) / 2 generated by the primary sum-and-difference operation are subjected to the secondary sum-and-difference operation composed of the 90° phase shifter 4 and the directional coupler 4, an azimuth difference signal with a value of (A+C) / 4-(B+D) / 4 is output from port 7 of the sum-and-difference network, and a load signal with a value of (A+D) / 4-(B+C) / 4 is output from port 8 of the sum-and-difference network.

[0018] The present invention discloses a compact dual-band single-pulse feeding system and method. The sum and difference networks of the single-pulse feeding systems of the two frequency bands are connected to the array antenna to radiate the single-pulse signal in the form of sum beam, elevation difference beam and azimuth difference beam for detecting and tracking the target. The high-frequency and low-frequency single-pulse feeding systems are arranged compactly through the spatial layered design of the waveguide structure and the microstrip structure. The system has small longitudinal dimensions and high integration, which can better meet the application requirements of missile-borne platforms. The system has the advantages of simple structure, light weight and easy processing, which solves the technical problem that the existing single-pulse feeding system is often complex in structure and large in size, and is usually used for large space platforms such as ground and shipborne platforms, and cannot better meet the application requirements of compact and miniaturized spaces such as missile-borne platforms. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art are briefly introduced below.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a compact dual-band single-pulse feeding system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a Ku-band single-pulse feeding system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the Ka-band single-pulse feeding system of the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 It is a block diagram of the implementation principle of the single pulse feeding system of the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5This is a simulated radiation pattern of the dual-band single-pulse feeding system of the first embodiment of the present invention at a frequency of 16 GHz.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a simulated radiation pattern of the dual-band single-pulse feeding system of the first embodiment of the present invention at a frequency of 35 GHz.

[0026] Figure 7 It is a flowchart of a compact dual-band single-pulse feeding method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] In the figure: 1-Ku band single pulse feeding system, 2-Ka band single pulse feeding system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0029] First embodiment:

[0030] See also Figures 1 to 6 , Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a compact dual-band single-pulse feeding system according to a first embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a Ku-band single-pulse feeding system according to a first embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a Ka-band single pulse feeding system according to a first embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4 is a block diagram of the implementation principle of the single pulse feeding system of the first embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5 is a simulated directional diagram of the dual-band single-pulse feeding system of the first embodiment of the present invention at a frequency of 16 GHz, Figure 6 This is a simulated radiation pattern of the dual-band single-pulse feeding system of the first embodiment of the present invention at a frequency of 35 GHz.

[0031] The present invention provides a compact dual-band single-pulse feeding system, which is composed of a Ku-band single-pulse feeding system 1 located at the bottom and a Ka-band single-pulse feeding system 2 located at the top. The Ku-band single-pulse feeding system 1 and the Ka-band single-pulse feeding system 2 are arranged in layers in space. The Ku-band single-pulse feeding system 1 is a planar metal waveguide structure, which is distributed in the bottom layer. A quartz dielectric substrate is covered directly above the corresponding position of the waveguide slot array antenna, and a slot is opened at the corresponding position of the slot. The Ka-band single-pulse feeding system 2 is arranged on the quartz dielectric substrate and distributed in the top layer. Figure 1 The horizontal dimension is 220mm×150mm and the vertical dimension is 12mm.

[0032] The Ku-band single pulse feeding system 1 is composed of a waveguide structure, see Figure 2 The overall size is 220mm×150mm, the thickness of the rectangular waveguide is 4mm, the Ku-band single-pulse feeding system 1 includes a waveguide slot array antenna and a waveguide sum-difference network, the waveguide slot array antenna is composed of four waveguide slot antennas 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, and 1-4, and the waveguide sum-difference network includes four waveguide 90° phase shifters 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, and 2-4, and four waveguide directional couplers 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, and 3-4.

[0033] Secondly, the Ka-band single pulse feeding system 2 is composed of a microstrip structure, see Figure 3 The overall size is 35mm×35mm. The microstrip dielectric substrate is made of quartz dielectric material. The dielectric constant of the quartz dielectric substrate material is ε r =3.78, thickness h=0.127mm, loss tangent value is close to 0, which can effectively reduce the size and transmission loss of the microstrip structure. Four rectangular slots are opened on the quartz dielectric substrate, and the slot size is 1.5mm×10mm, corresponding to the slot openings of the four waveguide slot antennas 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, and 1-4 of the Ku-band single-pulse feeding system 1, so that the Ku single-pulse signal can be radiated normally through the opening. The Ka single-pulse feeding system includes a microstrip patch array antenna and a microstrip sum-difference network. The microstrip patch array antenna is composed of four microstrip patch antennas 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, and 5-4. The microstrip sum-difference network includes four microstrip 90° phase shifters 6-1, 6-2, 6-3, and 6-4 and four microstrip directional couplers 7-1, 7-2, 7-3, and 7-4.

[0034] At the same time, the implementation principles of the Ku-band single-pulse feeding system 1 and the Ka-band single-pulse feeding system 2 are the same, see Figure 4 The antenna part includes four input ports 1, 2, 3, and 4. The input signal received from the antenna enters the sum-difference network from ports 1, 2, 3, and 4. After the operation processing of the sum-difference network, the corresponding output signals are generated from the output ports 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the sum-difference network. Port 5 outputs the sum signal, ports 6 and 7 output two sets of difference signals of pitch difference and azimuth difference, and port 8 is connected to the load matching and is not used for output.

[0035] The specific signal processing process is described in detail below:

[0036] Signal A and signal B enter the sum-difference network from port 1 and port 2 of the antenna, and are subjected to a first-level sum-difference operation formed by a 90° phase shifter 1 and a directional coupler 1 in the sum-difference network to generate two signals (A+B) / 2 and (AB) / 2, and then undergo a second-level sum-difference operation;

[0037] Signal C and signal D enter the sum-difference network from ports 3 and 4 of the antenna, and generate two signals (C+D) / 2 and (CD) / 2 after a first-level sum-difference operation formed by a 90° phase shifter 2 and a directional coupler 2 in the sum-difference network, and perform a second-level sum-difference operation;

[0038] After the signal (A+B) / 2 and the signal (C+D) / generated by the primary sum-difference operation are subjected to the secondary sum-difference operation composed of the 90° phase shifter 3 and the directional coupler 3, a sum signal with a value of (A+B+C+D) / 4 is output from the port 5 of the sum-difference network, and a pitch difference signal with a value of (A+B) / 4-(C+D) / 4 is output from the port 6 of the sum-difference network;

[0039] After the two signals (AB) / 2 and (CD) / 2 generated by the primary sum-and-difference operation are subjected to the secondary sum-and-difference operation composed of the 90° phase shifter 4 and the directional coupler 4, an azimuth difference signal with a value of (A+C) / 4-(B+D) / 4 is output from port 7 of the sum-and-difference network, and a load signal with a value of (A+D) / 4-(B+C) / 4 is output from port 8 of the sum-and-difference network.

[0040] In addition, the simulation results of the dual-band single pulse feeding system and the difference beam at 16 GHz frequency point are shown in Figure 5 Among them, the maximum gain of the sum beam is about 14.3dB, the maximum sidelobe is lower than -8dB, the zero depth of the difference beam is lower than -33dB, and the sum and difference contradictions in the azimuth and elevation planes are 3.3dB and 4.5dB respectively.

[0041] Finally, the dual-band single pulse feeding system and the simulated directional pattern of the difference beam at 16 GHz frequency point adopted by the present invention are shown in Figure 6 Among them, the maximum gain of the sum beam is about 12.5dB, the maximum sidelobe is lower than -12dB, the zero depth of the difference beam is lower than -28dB, and the sum and difference contradictions in the azimuth and elevation planes are 3.1dB and 4.2dB respectively.

[0042] When using a compact dual-band single-pulse feeding system of the present embodiment, the sum and difference networks of the single-pulse feeding systems of the two frequency bands are connected to the array antenna to radiate the single-pulse signal in the form of a sum beam, an elevation difference beam and an azimuth difference beam for detecting and tracking the target. Through the spatial layered design of the waveguide structure and the microstrip structure, the two sets of high-frequency and low-frequency single-pulse feeding systems can be compactly arranged, and at the same time, the longitudinal size is small and the integration is high, which can better meet the application requirements of the missile-borne platform. At the same time, it has the advantages of simple structure, light weight, and easy processing, which solves the technical problem that the existing single-pulse feeding system is often complex in structure and large in size, and is usually used in large space platforms such as ground and shipborne, and cannot better meet the application requirements of compact and miniaturized spaces such as missile-borne platforms.

[0043] Second embodiment:

[0044] Based on the first embodiment, please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 : is a flow chart of a compact dual-band single pulse feeding method according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The present invention also provides a compact dual-band single pulse feeding method, comprising the following steps:

[0045] S101, signal A and signal B enter the sum-difference network from port 1 and port 2 of the antenna, and after the first-level sum-difference operation composed of 90° phase shifter 1 and directional coupler 1 in the sum-difference network, two signals (A+B) / 2 and (AB) / 2 are generated, and the second-level sum-difference operation is performed.

[0046] S102, signal C and signal D enter the sum-difference network from port 3 and port 4 of the antenna, and generate two signals (C+D) / 2 and (CD) / 2 after a first-level sum-difference operation consisting of a 90° phase shifter 2 and a directional coupler 2 in the sum-difference network, and perform a second-level sum-difference operation.

[0047] S103, after the signal (A+B) / 2 and the signal (C+D) / 2 generated by the primary sum-and-difference operation are subjected to the secondary sum-and-difference operation composed of the 90° phase shifter 3 and the directional coupler 3, a sum signal with a value of (A+B+C+D) / 4 is output from port 5 of the sum-and-difference network, and a pitch difference signal with a value of (A+B) / 4-(C+D) / 4 is output from port 6 of the sum-and-difference network.

[0048] S104, after the two signals (AB) / 2 and (CD) / 2 generated by the primary sum-difference operation are subjected to the secondary sum-difference operation composed of the 90° phase shifter 4 and the directional coupler 4, an azimuth difference signal with a value of (A+C) / 4-(B+D) / 4 is output from port 7 of the sum-difference network, and a load signal with a value of (A+D) / 4-(B+C) / 4 is output from port 8 of the sum-difference network.

[0049] Specifically, the implementation principles of the Ku-band single-pulse feeding system 1 and the Ka-band single-pulse feeding system 2 are the same, wherein the antenna part comprises four input ports 1, 2, 3, and 4, the input signal received from the antenna enters the sum-difference network from ports 1, 2, 3, and 4, and is processed by the sum-difference network to generate corresponding output signals from output ports 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the sum-difference network, port 5 outputs the sum signal, ports 6 and 7 output two sets of difference signals of pitch difference and azimuth difference, and port 8 is connected to the load for matching and is not used for output.

[0050] The sum and difference network of the two-frequency-band single-pulse feeding system is connected to the array antenna to radiate the single-pulse signal in the form of sum beam, elevation difference beam and azimuth difference beam for detecting and tracking the target. The single-pulse feeding system adopted by the present invention can be applied to the feeding transmission of the dual-band single-pulse signal in the multi-frequency composite precision guidance system of the missile-borne platform through the compact and miniaturized design in structure, which solves the technical problem that the existing single-pulse feeding system is often complex in structure and large in size, and is usually used for large space platforms such as ground and shipborne, and cannot meet the application requirements of compact and miniaturized spaces such as missile-borne platforms.

[0051] What is disclosed above is only one or more preferred embodiments of the present application, and cannot be used to limit the scope of rights of the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand that all or part of the processes of implementing the above embodiments and equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present application are still within the scope covered by the present application.

Claims

1. A compact dual-band single pulse feeding system, characterized in that: It comprises a Ku-band single pulse feeding system and a Ka-band single pulse feeding system, wherein the Ku-band single pulse feeding system comprises a waveguide slot array antenna and a waveguide sum-difference network, and the Ka-band single pulse feeding system comprises a microstrip patch array antenna and a microstrip sum-difference network; The Ku-band single-pulse feeding system and the Ka-band single-pulse feeding system are arranged in layers in space. The Ku-band single-pulse feeding system is a planar metal waveguide structure distributed on the bottom layer. A quartz dielectric substrate is covered directly above the corresponding position of the waveguide slot array antenna, and slots are opened at the corresponding positions of the slots. The Ka-band single-pulse feeding system is arranged on the quartz dielectric substrate and distributed on the top layer.

2. The compact dual-band single pulse feeding system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveguide slot array antenna is composed of four waveguides with open slots arranged in a 2×2 array on the H plane, and is used to transmit Ku-band beams and receive Ku-band signals reflected from the target, and transmit them to the waveguide sum-difference network for processing.

3. The compact dual-band single pulse feeding system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The waveguide sum-difference network is formed by connecting four waveguide 90° phase shifters and four waveguide directional couplers, and is used to perform sum-difference operations on four groups of Ku-band signals received by the waveguide slot antenna and then output them to obtain sum signals, elevation difference signals and azimuth difference signals.

4. The compact dual-band single pulse feeding system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microstrip patch array antenna is composed of 4 rectangular copper conductor patches arranged in a 2×2 array, and is used to transmit Ka-band beams and receive Ka-band signals reflected from targets and transmit them to a microstrip sum-difference network for processing.

5. The compact dual-band single pulse feeding system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The microstrip sum-difference network is formed by connecting four microstrip 90° phase shifters and four microstrip directional couplers, and is used to perform addition and subtraction processing on four groups of Ka-band signals received by the microstrip patch antenna and then output them to obtain sum signals, elevation difference signals and azimuth difference signals.

6. The compact dual-band single pulse feeding system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric constant ε of the quartz dielectric substrate material r =3.78, thickness h=0.127mm, and loss tangent value is close to 0, which can effectively reduce the size and transmission loss of the microstrip structure.

7. A compact dual-band single pulse feeding method, applied to the compact dual-band single pulse feeding system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Signal A and signal B enter the sum-difference network from port 1 and port 2 of the antenna, and are subjected to a first-level sum-difference operation formed by a 90° phase shifter 1 and a directional coupler 1 in the sum-difference network to generate two signals (A+B) / 2 and (AB) / 2, and then undergo a second-level sum-difference operation; Signal C and signal D enter the sum-difference network from ports 3 and 4 of the antenna, and generate two signals (C+D) / 2 and (CD) / 2 after a first-level sum-difference operation formed by a 90° phase shifter 2 and a directional coupler 2 in the sum-difference network, and perform a second-level sum-difference operation; After the signal (A+B) / 2 and the signal (C+D) / 2 generated by the primary sum-difference operation are subjected to the secondary sum-difference operation composed of the 90° phase shifter 3 and the directional coupler 3, a sum signal with a value of (A+B+C+D) / 4 is output from the port 5 of the sum-difference network, and a pitch difference signal with a value of (A+B) / 4-(C+D) / 4 is output from the port 6 of the sum-difference network; After the two signals (AB) / 2 and (CD) / 2 generated by the primary sum-and-difference operation are subjected to the secondary sum-and-difference operation composed of the 90° phase shifter 4 and the directional coupler 4, an azimuth difference signal with a value of (A+C) / 4-(B+D) / 4 is output from port 7 of the sum-and-difference network, and a load signal with a value of (A+D) / 4-(B+C) / 4 is output from port 8 of the sum-and-difference network.

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