Shrub herbaceous desertification control method

Abstract

The invention provides a shrub herbaceous desertification control method, and relates to the technical field of sand land treatment. The shrub herbaceous method comprises the following steps: firstly, calculating area bearing capacity, planning a desertification control scheme, densely planting target shrubs in a planting area, and promoting shrub herbaceous through high-frequency mowing management which is not less than one time every year and not more than four times every year to form mimicry grass. According to the method, the overground part of the deep-root shrub shows the form and high production value of herbaceous plants through high-frequency cutting, and the artificial mimicry grassland which is stable, sustainable, high in yield and good in sand stabilization benefit is established on the premise of water resource protection through calculation of regional bearing capacity, reasonable planning, close planting and high-frequency cutting. Efficient and sustainable utilization of the active water resource bank is achieved, ecological benefits, economic benefits and water resource protection of desertification control projects are comprehensively considered, and an efficient and sustainable solution is provided for desertification control, animal husbandry development and grassland ecological protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sand land control, and in particular to a shrub-herb sand control method. Background Art

[0002] Land desertification is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world today. Desertification prevention and control in the past was limited by the special background of the times and limited scientific and technological support, and it is inevitable that there are imperfections today. In the current era, the prevention and control of land desertification requires comprehensive coordination of ecological management of sandy areas, economic development and water resource protection, and the realization of high-quality green development of ecological production synergy integration of sand management projects.

[0003] Woody plants (trees and shrubs) have become the core means of land desertification control today because of their deep root characteristics and ability to withstand sand burial. Although afforestation has significant ecological benefits, it still faces many challenges in balancing water resource protection and production benefits. In contrast, herbaceous plants have received attention in sand control because of their lower water demand and higher feeding value. However, herbaceous plants have shallow roots and are easily buried in sand, making it difficult to adapt to the drought and windy sand environment of sandy land. In the case of thickening of dry sand layers, herbaceous plants are prone to large-scale death, which makes the sustainability of grass planting projects poor. Therefore, in order to maintain the coverage of herbaceous plants, frequent replanting is required, which not only significantly increases the cost of control, but also makes it difficult to ensure long-term ecological stability and benefits. In addition, repeated planting may further aggravate the water resource pressure on sandy land, thereby reducing the overall control effect. It can be seen that it is difficult to balance afforestation and grass planting in the current commonly used land desertification control methods, which has become the fundamental reason for the incoordination between ecological control and economic development in sandy areas.

[0004] Therefore, developing a sand-control plant with a developed deep root system, strong stress resistance, low water resource demand, high feeding value and economic value, and an adapted sand-control method, is the key to effectively solving the difficult balance between afforestation and grass planting in sandy areas, and the difficulty in coordinating ecological protection and animal husbandry development. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for controlling desertification by using shrubs as herbaceous plants, which uses deep-rooted shrubs as target shrubs for desertification control, and utilizes the shrubs' well-developed root system, longer lifespan, and characteristics of adapting to sandy land drought and wind erosion and sand burial. At the same time, the present invention promotes the branching and dwarfing of the above-ground part of the shrubs, reduces its lignification degree, improves its nutritional quality and palatability, and makes the above-ground part of the shrubs show the morphological characteristics and feeding value of herbaceous plants, forming "pseudo-grass", thereby achieving sustainable production. In addition, the above-ground biomass of plants that can be carried by the active water resource reservoir in the region is calculated, and the optimal yield of the target shrubs under regional water balance is planned. The planting area is divided according to the carrying capacity per unit area of ​​the region, the difficulty of control, and the area to be controlled. According to the optimal yield and production and regeneration characteristics of the target shrubs, dense planting and high-frequency mowing and harvesting are carried out in the planting area to form a stable, sustainable, high-yield "artificial mimic grassland" in the sandy area with good sand fixation benefits. The shrub-herb method of sand control coordinates production, ecological and water resource protection, and improves the stability and sustainability of sand control projects. It is expected to alleviate grassland ecological pressure and protect grassland ecology by solving the limitations of forage resources in grassland pastoral areas. Ultimately, it will achieve the coordinated unity of ecological security of regional sand control and high-quality green development of animal husbandry.

[0006] The shrub-herb sand control method of the present invention is as follows: First, an assessment of the regional carrying capacity per unit area (UACC) is conducted, and a sand control plan is designed based on the assessment results. The optimal yield of target shrubs per unit area in the planting area is calculated, and based on this, the target shrubs are densely planted. The shrubs are herbedized through high-frequency mowing management at least once a year and no more than four times a year, and an "artificial mimic grassland" is established. While preventing wind and fixing sand, a large amount of high-quality forage is harvested and efficient use of regional water resources is achieved.

[0007] Preferably, the method for evaluating the carrying capacity per unit area of ​​the region is as follows: determine whether it is suitable to carry out utilization-based governance based on the site conditions, climate environment, and natural recharge of active water resource reservoirs (atmospheric precipitation and glaciers, rivers, lakes, etc.) of the area to be governed, and plan a suitable engineering area for construction. More preferably, the UACC is equal to the average annual aboveground biomass per unit area of ​​regional zonal vegetation (herbs).

[0008] Preferably, the sand control program includes two parts: target shrub selection and control area planning.

[0009] Preferably, the target shrub is a deep-rooted shrub that is drought-tolerant, tolerant to mowing, has high nutritional value, good palatability, and a long lifespan.

[0010] Preferably, the treatment area planning method is as follows: based on the carrying capacity per unit area of ​​the region, the difficulty of treatment and the area to be treated (TA), the treatment area is divided into a planting area (PA) and a water balance area. More preferably, the area of ​​the planned planting area accounts for ≤40% of the treatment area.

[0011] Preferably, under the premise of water resource protection, the optimal yield (PUA) of the target shrub per unit area of ​​the planting area is determined by the carrying capacity per unit area of ​​the area, the area of ​​the area to be treated, the total aboveground biomass (TAB) of the existing plants in the treatment area and the area of ​​the planting area, and the calculation method is as follows: The optimal yield of the target shrub per unit area of ​​the planting area = (area of ​​the area to be treated × carrying capacity per unit area of ​​the area - total aboveground biomass of existing plants in the area to be treated) / area of ​​the planting area, that is: PUA = (TA × UACC - TAB) / PA Existing sandy land grass planting technology has the defects of instability, unsustainability, and high cost of repeated planting. Herbaceous plants have shallow roots, are easily buried by wind erosion and sand, and have poor stress resistance. Under high coverage planting or long-term drought, the water in the shallow sand is quickly consumed and it is difficult for them to survive. The shrub-herb sand control technology of the present invention innovatively utilizes shrubs with deep roots, long life, and high stress resistance. Through high-frequency mowing, the above-ground parts of shrubs are prompted to show the high production value characteristics of herbaceous plants, thereby improving the stability and sustainability of sand control projects. Previous sand control and afforestation projects have paid insufficient attention to economic benefits or failed to achieve the expected economic effects. The shrub-herb sand control technology of the present invention utilizes high-frequency mowing to reduce the degree of lignification of the above-ground parts of shrubs, improve their nutritional quality, form a stable and sustainable "artificial mimic grassland", and regularly harvest a large amount of high-quality forage, so as to achieve the synergistic improvement of the ecological and production benefits of sand fixation projects, promote the increase of farmers' and herdsmen's income, and realize the efficient use of desertified land.

[0012] At present, unreasonable species selection and excessive aboveground biomass have led to serious water deficit in some afforestation areas. The shrub-herb sand control technology of the present invention is based on the principle of greening by water. By calculating the regional carrying capacity and the aboveground biomass of existing plants, the optimal yield of herbaceous shrubs in the planting area is designed, and the water consumption of shrubs in the planting area is strictly controlled through mowing management to maintain the water resource balance of the region.

[0013] Compared with the existing sandy land agriculture and Chinese herbal medicine planting industry, the shrub-herb sand control method of the present invention utilizes deep-rooted shrubs and the natural replenishment of active water resources such as atmospheric precipitation, rivers, and glaciers. It does not require irrigation, avoids large amounts of water evaporation losses and excessive water consumption caused by irrigation, and protects the region's groundwater resources.

[0014] As the planting years increase, the base lignification degree of some shrubs that lack tending gradually increases, the leaves decrease, and the branches die, and the sand blocking effect is not high. The present invention uses herbaceous shrubs with high frequency, and the plants are short and have dense branches and leaves at the base, which has a better effect of preventing the movement of sand near the ground.

[0015] The shrub-herb sand control technology of the present invention establishes "artificial mimic grassland" to produce a large amount of "mimic grass", alleviates the contradiction between grass and livestock in pastoral areas, reduces grassland grazing pressure, and promotes the development of animal husbandry and improves the living standards of residents while protecting grassland ecology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 It is the change of shrub morphology, where a is shrub morphology and b is shrub herbaceous morphology; Figure 2 This is a simplified comparison diagram of conventional artificial shrub sand-fixing forest and “artificial mimic grassland”, where a is the conventional artificial shrub sand-fixing forest and b is the “artificial mimic grassland”. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. Unless otherwise defined, all professional terms used hereinafter have the same meaning as those skilled in the art generally understand. The professional terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] The present invention provides a method for sand control by turning shrubs into herbaceous land, and the specific steps are as follows: firstly, a UACC assessment is conducted, a sand control plan is designed based on the assessment result, target shrubs are densely planted according to the sand control plan, the shrubs are turned into herbaceous land through high-frequency mowing management, an "artificial mimic grassland" is established, high-quality "forage" is produced, and sand control is achieved.

[0020] The shrub-herb sand control method of the present invention can improve the stability and sustainability of sand control projects, enhance ecological and production benefits, promote the increase of farmers' and herdsmen's income, maintain water resource balance, improve the windbreak and sand fixation effect, alleviate the contradiction between grass and livestock in pastoral areas, reduce grassland grazing pressure, protect grassland ecology, promote the development of animal husbandry, and improve residents' living standards.

[0021] The first step of the embodiment of the present invention is to conduct a UACC assessment, specifically to determine whether it is suitable to carry out utilization-based governance based on the site conditions, climate environment, atmospheric precipitation, glaciers, rivers and other natural water replenishment of the area to be governed, and to plan a suitable engineering area for construction. In a preferred embodiment, the annual average aboveground biomass per unit area is used to estimate the carrying capacity of the region, and the annual average aboveground biomass per unit area is the annual average aboveground biomass per unit area of ​​regional zonal vegetation (herbs), which is expressed by the total dry weight of plants produced per unit area in one year, and the unit is usually expressed in grams per square meter.

[0022] By combining climatic conditions and the availability of active water reservoirs, the UACC assessment can plan the type and scale of plants planted in the region, prevent excessive water consumption, and ensure regional water balance. By calculating the carrying capacity per unit area of ​​the region, the optimal yield of the target shrubs can be determined to avoid excessive plant loads and ensure efficient production and ecological restoration effects. At the same time, the calculation of UACC helps to rationally plan planting areas and water balance areas to ensure the ecological stability of the control area while taking into account economic benefits. Therefore, the UACC assessment provides a scientific basis for the sand control process, so that production, ecological and water resource protection goals can be achieved in a coordinated manner.

[0023] The second step of the embodiment of the present invention is to design a sand control plan based on the evaluation results, which specifically includes two parts: target shrub selection and control area planning, wherein the target shrub is a deep-rooted shrub that is drought-tolerant and mowing-tolerant. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, deep-rooted shrubs that are drought-tolerant, mowing-tolerant, have good regeneration, good palatability, high nutritional value, and long life are selected as target shrubs. In a preferred embodiment, the target shrub is a deep-rooted native shrub that is drought-tolerant, mowing-tolerant, has good regeneration, good palatability, high nutritional value, and long life.

[0024] Deep-rooted shrubs with drought tolerance, mowing tolerance, good regeneration, good palatability, high nutritional value and long life span are selected as target shrubs, which can adapt to harsh environments such as drought, wind erosion and sand burial. In addition, the shrub herbification technology requires high-frequency mowing to inhibit lignification and promote herbification and branching. Therefore, the target shrubs must have the characteristics of mowing tolerance and be able to maintain healthy growth after multiple pruning. Shrubs need to regenerate quickly after mowing to maintain the biomass and production efficiency of the plants. Therefore, the target shrubs should have good regeneration ability to ensure that they can recover quickly after high-frequency pruning, so as to continue to play ecological and production functions. At the same time, selecting shrubs with good palatability and high nutritional value as target plants can provide high-quality forage for livestock, improve the economic utilization value of the project, and achieve the goal of ecological restoration and economic benefits. Shrubs with long life span can continue to play a role in long-term sand control projects, reduce the cost of repeated planting, maintain the stability and durability of plant coverage, and thus achieve long-term control effects. Deep-rooted shrubs can not only absorb water from the soil layer, but also stabilize sandy soil through their root structure, prevent soil erosion, and improve the soil's water retention capacity. In general, these characteristics enable the target shrubs to maximize the balance of ecological restoration, production utilization, and water resource protection in arid and desert environments.

[0025] The management area planning method in the embodiment of the present invention is as follows: based on the carrying capacity, management difficulty and TA of the region, the management area is divided into PA and water balance area. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, in order to ensure regional water balance and economic benefits, the management area can be divided into several management areas when the area is too large to ensure that the size of a single management area and a planting area remains moderate. Except for the planting area, the rest is used as a water balance area and is not used for production. In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, in order to reduce harvesting costs and improve production efficiency, areas with relatively low management difficulty are used as planting areas, and the planned planting area accounts for ≤40% of the management area.

[0026] The third step of the embodiment of the present invention is to calculate the optimal yield (PUA) of the target shrubs per unit area in the planting area under water resource protection based on the principle of water balance, the growth-production characteristics of the target plants, and the total aboveground biomass (TAB) of the existing vegetation in the project area, and densely plant the target shrubs in the suitable planting area according to the optimal yield of the target plants per unit area in the planting area. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the optimal yield (PUA) of the target shrubs per unit area in the planting area is calculated as follows: The optimal yield of the target shrub per unit area of ​​the planting area = (area of ​​the area to be treated × carrying capacity per unit area of ​​the area - the total average aboveground biomass of existing plants in the area to be treated) / area of ​​the planting area, that is: PUA=(TA×UACC-TAB) / PA Taking into account the differences in water use efficiency between shrubs and herbs, soil texture in the project area, and soil evaporation characteristics, the PUA of target shrubs in the area to be treated can be appropriately adjusted according to actual conditions.

[0027] The fourth step of the embodiment of the present invention is to establish artificial mimic grassland by herbification of shrubs through high-frequency mowing management, specifically: according to the total amount of active water resource reservoir, the growth characteristics of target shrubs, production costs and economic benefits, plan the appropriate mowing frequency. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, under the premise of ensuring the normal growth of target shrubs, shrubs with good regeneration performance or fast lignification speed are mowed at least twice a year, and shrubs with slow growth and lignification speeds are mowed at least once a year, but at the same time, mowing at too high a frequency will reduce the life and yield of the target shrubs, so the present invention also limits the mowing frequency to no more than four times a year. The present invention promotes the herbification of target shrubs through high-frequency mowing (at least once a year and no more than four times a year), increases its branches, reduces its lignification degree, and improves the nutritional value and production efficiency of the aboveground part. The high-frequency mowing of the present invention can also play a role in adjusting the coverage and height of the target shrubs, so that the aboveground biomass of the target shrubs in the planting area does not exceed the carrying capacity of the engineering area, and maintains the water balance of the region.

[0028] In the technical solution described in the present invention, high-frequency mowing is the core of achieving the technical effect of the present invention. In the treatment area of ​​the present invention, excessive accumulation of biomass will consume a large amount of water resources, resulting in an imbalance in water income and expenditure, and cannot meet the requirements of water resource protection. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the accumulation of target shrub biomass in the project area is less than or equal to the regional carrying capacity through high-frequency mowing to maintain the water balance of the region. At the same time, as the shrubs grow, their degree of lignification continues to increase while the biomass accumulates, and the nutritional quality decreases accordingly. Therefore, selecting the optimal mowing frequency for different target shrubs can reduce their degree of lignification while avoiding a decrease in yield, avoid excessive consumption of limited water resources, and ultimately achieve a balance between water resource protection, nutritional quality and yield of target shrubs.

[0029] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the target shrub is Caragana korshinskii, and the appropriate mowing frequency is twice a year.

[0030] The total amount of active water resource reservoir mentioned in the present invention refers to the annual water income of the sand control area, including but not limited to the replenishment of atmospheric precipitation, glaciers and rivers.

[0031] The present invention realizes dynamic adjustment of mowing frequency and planting density (seeding amount) according to UACC, the area of ​​the planting area, and the characteristics and regeneration of deep-rooted shrubs. For example, when the planting density is large, the mowing frequency is increased, etc. The ultimate goal is to optimize the aboveground biomass and nutritional quality of the target shrubs while maintaining the regional water balance.

[0032] The technical solutions in the implementation cases of this application are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are all within the scope of invention protection. In the following embodiments, all raw materials are commercially available. Example

[0033] In the past 20 years, the shrub-herb method of sand control has been implemented in the Maowusu Sandy Land with an average annual precipitation of 250 mm. The specific steps are as follows: Site conditions: Maowusu Sandy Land; Climate environment: desert steppe climate zone; Active water resource reservoir recharge: average annual precipitation is 250 mm, and there is no recharge from glaciers, rivers, or lakes in the region; Target shrubs: Caragana; Carrying capacity per unit area of ​​the region / average annual aboveground biomass of zonal vegetation: 60 g / m 2 ; Area to be treated: 1 hectare (10,000 m 2 ); Average aboveground biomass of existing plants in the region: 0 g / m 2 Based on UACC, governance difficulty and TA, the areas to be governed are planned as PA and water balance areas. The areas with relatively low governance difficulty are planned as planting areas. The planting area is planned to be 30% of the area to be governed, and the rest is planned as water balance areas without production use. Based on field surveys or literature review, the annual average aboveground biomass of adjacent grasslands with similar climates was obtained. In this example, the annual average aboveground biomass of the desert grassland was about 60 g / m 2 Considering that the native plants in the area will also use some water resources, the water resources available to the target shrubs should be reduced accordingly based on the principle of water balance. Therefore, the calculation of PUA should be subtracted from the existing TAB in the project area, which is obtained through field surveys.

[0034] Based on UACC and TAB, the PUA of Caragana korshinskii per unit area in the planting area under the premise of water resource protection is calculated. Based on PUA, Caragana korshinskii seeds are densely planted in the planting area at a sowing rate of 1-4 kg per mu in drills or holes. According to field investigation, plants are scarce in the treatment area and TAB can be ignored. Therefore, TAB in this area is 0, then: PUA=(TA×UACC-TAB) / PA=(10000 m 2 ×60 g / m 2 -0) / (10000 m2 ×0.3)=180 g / m 2 Through high-frequency mowing twice a year (leaving no more than 10 cm of stubble each time), the height of the above-ground part of Caragana korshinskii will not exceed 60 cm during the growing season, promoting the herbification of Caragana korshinskii, increasing its branches, reducing its lignification, and improving its nutritional value and production efficiency. By adjusting the coverage and height of the target shrub community and ensuring that the above-ground biomass of the target shrubs in the planting area does not exceed the carrying capacity of the project area, the water balance of the region is maintained and good economic benefits are maintained.

[0035] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for sand control by using shrubs and herbs, characterized in that: Here are the steps: First, conduct a regional carrying capacity assessment, design a sand control plan based on the assessment results, densely plant target shrubs according to the sand control plan, promote the herbification of shrubs through high-frequency mowing management at least once a year and no more than four times a year, form mimic grasses, and establish artificial mimic grasslands.

2. The method for sand control using shrubs and herbs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The regional carrying capacity assessment method is as follows: determine whether it is suitable to carry out utilization-based governance based on the site conditions and climate environment of the area to be governed, and plan a project area suitable for construction.

3. The method for sand control by shrubs and herbs according to claim 2, characterized in that: The regional carrying capacity is equal to the annual average aboveground biomass per unit area of ​​the regional zonal vegetation.

4. The method for sand control by shrubs and herbs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sand control program includes two parts: target shrub selection and control area planning.

5. The method for sand control by shrubs and herbs according to claim 4, characterized in that: The target shrubs are deep-rooted shrubs.

6. The method for sand control by shrubs and herbs according to claim 4, characterized in that: The management area planning method is as follows: based on the carrying capacity of the region, the difficulty of management and the area to be managed, the management area is divided into a planting area and a water balance area.

7. The method for sand control by shrub-herb method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The area of ​​the planned planting area shall account for ≤40% of the management area.

8. A method for sand control by using shrubs as herb, which is used to promote branching and dwarfing of the above-ground parts of shrubs, reduce the degree of lignification of the above-ground parts of shrubs, and improve the nutritional quality and palatability of the above-ground parts of shrubs, characterized in that: The shrub-herb sand control method is the method described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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