A multi-energy field synergistic auxiliary cutting system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of part cutting, and particularly relates to a multi-energy field cooperative auxiliary cutting system. The multi-energy field cooperative auxiliary cutting system comprises a supporting base body, a cutting tool, an electric pulse device and an ultrasonic vibration device. The ultrasonic vibration device comprises an ultrasonic vibration generating module. The cutting tool is installed at the output end of the ultrasonic vibration generating module. The ultrasonic vibration generating module comprises an ultrasonic module mounting seat which is adjustably installed on the supporting base body. The ultrasonic module mounting seat is arranged at the wave node position of the ultrasonic vibration of the ultrasonic vibration generating module. The electric connection module of the electric pulse device comprises a pulse module mounting seat and an electric connector which is installed on the pulse module mounting seat. The electric connector is used for electrically connecting with the workpiece to transmit pulse current with the workpiece. The pulse module mounting seat is installed on the ultrasonic module mounting seat, so that integrated installation is realized, and the installation structure is simplified and the cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of parts cutting technology, and specifically to a multi-energy field cooperative assisted cutting system. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous breakthroughs in precision cutting technology, especially the deep integration of precision cutting and special machining technologies, new ultra-precision machining solutions have been provided for materials that were originally difficult to machine, which has a significant impact on technological innovation in the entire machining field.

[0003] Ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting technology is an advanced cutting method that applies two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration to the cutting tool to form a specific elliptical vibration trajectory. Compared with traditional cutting techniques, this technology has significant advantages. Its unique "friction reversal" mechanism, flexible "variable angle cutting" method, and more thorough separation between the "tool and workpiece" make it stand out. These features not only greatly extend the tool's service life but also significantly improve the surface finish of the cut surface and enhance the stability of the cutting process. Simultaneously, this technology effectively suppresses the generation of burrs and regenerative chatter, thereby achieving comprehensive optimization and improvement of cutting performance.

[0004] Laser-assisted cutting (LAD) is an advanced machining method. Its core lies in precisely focusing a high-energy laser beam onto the workpiece material in front of the cutting tool. By bringing the temperature of the cutting zone to the optimal softening point of the workpiece material, plastic deformation can be easily achieved. This technology significantly reduces cutting forces and specific energy, decreases tool wear, improves machining quality, and also significantly increases machining efficiency. Its machining mechanism involves not only the reduction in the strength and hardness of the workpiece material at high temperatures, but also the stress field changes in the plastic deformation zone induced by localized instantaneous high temperatures within the workpiece material, as well as the complex physicochemical reactions between the workpiece material and the laser or medium under high-temperature conditions. These factors collectively contribute to a significant improvement in the workpiece material's machinability.

[0005] Electro-pulse assisted machining technology enhances the plasticity of materials through electromagnetic thermal effects. By passing an electric current through the workpiece, the microstructure of the workpiece material is transformed to form an electroplastic effect, which improves the machinability of the workpiece material, reduces cutting forces, and significantly improves the surface finish of difficult-to-machine materials.

[0006] Each of the aforementioned auxiliary cutting technologies has its own characteristics and advantages. To better improve the machining performance of difficult-to-machine materials, existing technologies include multi-energy field collaborative auxiliary cutting systems that simultaneously employ two or more auxiliary cutting technologies. For example, Chinese invention patent application CN110480034A discloses a pulsed current and ultrasonic composite auxiliary cutting device. This device consists of an ultrasonic vibration cutting device and a pulse power supply device. The ultrasonic vibration cutting device comprises a sandwich piezoelectric transducer, an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic amplitude transformer, a support frame, and a cutting tool. The sandwich piezoelectric transducer converts the received ultrasonic frequency electrical signal into ultrasonic mechanical vibration. After amplification by the ultrasonic amplitude transformer, it outputs ultrasonic mechanical vibration with a certain amplitude, which is transmitted to the cutting tool, achieving high-speed vibration between the cutting tool and the workpiece during the cutting process. The pulse power supply device consists of an oscilloscope and a pulse power supply. The positive terminal of the pulse power supply is connected to the workpiece via a brush, and the negative terminal is connected to the workpiece via a spring-loaded conductive support, forming a closed loop. The brush or spring-loaded conductive support constitutes the electrical connector of the pulse device for conductive connection with the workpiece, allowing pulsed current to be transmitted to the workpiece. Compared with single special machining methods, it has lower cutting force, lower cutting temperature, further improved tool life, and higher surface quality.

[0007] In the aforementioned multi-energy field collaborative assisted cutting system that combines electrical pulses and ultrasonic vibrations, to avoid the ultrasonic vibration affecting the reliable contact between the electrical connectors of the electrical pulse device and the workpiece, the electrical pulse device and the ultrasonic vibration device are usually installed separately. Furthermore, for tool setting operations, both the electrical pulse device and the ultrasonic vibration device require height adjustment to ensure that the cutting tool mounted on the ultrasonic vibration device corresponds to the workpiece, and the electrical connector of the electrical pulse device also corresponds to the workpiece. This necessitates configuring corresponding position adjustment mechanisms for both the electrical pulse device and the ultrasonic vibration device, making the cutting system structure relatively complex, increasing manufacturing costs, and occupying more space. Moreover, the separate position adjustment of the electrical pulse device and the ultrasonic vibration device also affects operational convenience. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-energy field collaborative assisted cutting system to solve the problem that current multi-energy field collaborative assisted cutting systems using electric pulse and ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting technologies require separate position adjustment mechanisms for the electric pulse device and the ultrasonic vibration device, resulting in a complex structure and high manufacturing cost.

[0009] The technical solution of the multi-energy field cooperative assisted cutting system of the present invention is as follows: A multi-energy field collaborative assisted cutting system includes a support base, a cutting tool, an electrical pulse device, and an ultrasonic vibration device. The ultrasonic vibration device includes an ultrasonic vibration generating module. The cutting tool is mounted on the output end of the ultrasonic vibration generating module. The ultrasonic vibration generating module includes an ultrasonic module mounting base that is adjustablely mounted on the support base. The ultrasonic module mounting base is located at the corresponding node position of the ultrasonic vibration of the ultrasonic vibration generating module. The electrical pulse device includes an electrical connection module. The electrical connection module includes a pulse module mounting base and an electrical connector mounted on the pulse module mounting base. The electrical connector is used to electrically connect with the workpiece to transmit pulse current to the workpiece. The pulse module mounting base is mounted on the ultrasonic module mounting base.

[0010] Beneficial Effects: This invention modifies existing multi-energy field assisted cutting systems by utilizing an ultrasonic module mounting base located at the corresponding node of an ultrasonic vibration generation module as the mounting foundation for the electrical connection module of an electrical pulse device. When the cutting tool, located at the output end of the ultrasonic vibration generation module, vibrates via the ultrasonic vibration device, the pulse module mounting base, being positioned at the corresponding node of the ultrasonic vibration, remains stationary or vibrates minimally, ensuring reliable conductive contact between the workpiece and the electrical connector mounted on the pulse module mounting base. Furthermore, since the ultrasonic module mounting base is adjustable on the support base, and the pulse module mounting base is mounted on it, adjusting the position of the ultrasonic module mounting base allows for simultaneous adjustment of the pulse module mounting base, which in turn adjusts the position of the cutting tool and the electrical connector. The electrical pulse device and the ultrasonic vibration device are integrated through a single adjustment mechanism, simplifying the installation structure and reducing costs.

[0011] Furthermore, the pulse module mounting base includes a fixed base and a movable base that is oscillatingly connected to the fixed base, the electrical connector is mounted on the movable base, and the fixed base is mounted on the ultrasonic module mounting base.

[0012] Furthermore, the cutting system also includes a laser device, which includes a laser emitting module for outputting a laser beam to assist in cutting by irradiating the workpiece with the laser beam.

[0013] Furthermore, the cutting tool is a light guide tool, and the cutting tool is provided with an incident surface for the laser beam to pass through the light guide tool and irradiate the workpiece.

[0014] Furthermore, the laser emitting module is located on the side of the ultrasonic vibration generating module away from the cutting tool. The ultrasonic vibration generating module has a through-beam optical channel, through which the laser beam emitted by the laser emitting module is incident on the light guide tool.

[0015] Furthermore, the ultrasonic vibration generating module includes an amplitude transformer with a hollow inner cavity, the light transmission channel includes the hollow inner cavity of the amplitude transformer, and the cutting tool is installed in the hollow inner cavity of the amplitude transformer.

[0016] Furthermore, the laser emitting module and the ultrasonic vibration generating module are aligned in the same axial direction.

[0017] Furthermore, the laser emitting module is mounted on the support base via an adjustment mechanism so that the position of the laser emitting module along its axial direction is adjustable.

[0018] Furthermore, the ultrasonic module mounting base and the support base are provided with a sliding groove on one of them and a sliding rail that cooperates with the sliding groove on the other. The ultrasonic module mounting base and the support base are connected by an adjusting component for driving the ultrasonic module mounting base to slide relative to the support base and a locking component for fixing the ultrasonic module mounting base after it slides to a set position.

[0019] Furthermore, the ultrasonic module mounting base is a flange structure, the slide groove is provided on the end face of the flange structure, the slide rail is provided on the support base, and the pulse module mounting base is installed on the side of the flange structure. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the multi-energy field cooperative assisted cutting system of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the multi-energy field collaborative assisted cutting system in the image, viewed from the rear without the protective cover. Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the ultrasonic vibration generating module from the front view. Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the ultrasonic vibration generating module from the rear side.

[0021] In the picture: 10. Support base; 11. Slide rail; 12. Protective cover; 13. Differential bolt; 14. Locking bolt; 15. Laser module adjustment mechanism; 20. Cutting tool; 21. Tool head; 22. Tool holder; 30. Dual-channel ultrasonic power supply; 31. Ultrasonic power cable; 32. Amplifier rod; 33. Circular piezoelectric ceramic plate; 34. Semi-circular piezoelectric ceramic plate; 35. Electrode plate; 36. Rear cover; 37. Ultrasonic module mounting base; 38. Fastening bolts; 40. Pulse power supply; 41. Pulse power cable; 42. Fixed base; 43. Movable base; 44. Carbon brush assembly; 50. Laser controller; 51. Flexible optical fiber; 52. Laser emitting module; 53. Laser beam. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The multi-energy field cooperative assisted cutting system of the present invention utilizes the ultrasonic module mounting base of the ultrasonic vibration generation module located at the corresponding position of the ultrasonic vibration node as the mounting base of the electrical connection module of the electrical pulse device. This allows the electrical pulse device and the ultrasonic vibration device to be adjusted in position through the same adjustment mechanism, achieving integrated installation. This simplifies the installation structure, reduces costs, decreases the overall size of the cutting system, and facilitates operation.

[0023] Embodiments of the multi-energy field cooperative assisted cutting system of the present invention: like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the multi-energy field collaborative assisted cutting system includes a support base 10, a cutting tool 20, an electrical pulse device, and an ultrasonic vibration device. The ultrasonic vibration device includes an ultrasonic vibration generating module. The cutting tool 20 is mounted on the output end of the ultrasonic vibration generating module to output ultrasonic vibration to the cutting tool 20. The ultrasonic vibration generating module includes an ultrasonic module mounting base 37 that is adjustablely mounted on the support base 10. The ultrasonic module mounting base 37 is located at the corresponding ultrasonic vibration node position of the ultrasonic vibration generating module. The electrical pulse device includes an electrical connection module. The electrical connection module includes a pulse module mounting base and an electrical connector mounted on the pulse module mounting base. The electrical connector is used to electrically connect with the workpiece to transmit pulse current to the workpiece. The pulse module mounting base is mounted on the ultrasonic module mounting base 37.

[0024] Using the ultrasonic module mounting base 37, located at the corresponding position of the ultrasonic vibration node, as the mounting base for the electrical connection module of the electrical pulse device, when the cutting tool 20 located at the output end of the ultrasonic vibration generator vibrates through the ultrasonic vibration device, since the ultrasonic module mounting base 37 is located at the corresponding position of the ultrasonic vibration node, and the pulse module mounting base is mounted on the ultrasonic module mounting base 37, that is, the pulse module mounting base is located at the corresponding position of the ultrasonic vibration node, the pulse module mounting base does not vibrate or vibrates with a very small amplitude, which does not affect the reliable conductive contact between the workpiece and the electrical connection component mounted on the pulse module mounting base. The vibration of the ultrasonic vibration generator module does not affect the pulse module. The block operates normally. Since the ultrasonic module mounting base 37 is adjustablely mounted on the support base 10, and the pulse module mounting base is mounted on the ultrasonic module mounting base 37, the position of the pulse module mounting base can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the ultrasonic module mounting base 37. Adjusting the position of the ultrasonic module mounting base 37 can adjust the position of the cutting tool 20, and adjusting the position of the pulse module mounting base can adjust the position of the electrical connector. The electrical pulse device and the ultrasonic vibration device are adjusted in position through the same adjustment mechanism, achieving integrated installation, which facilitates tool setting operation, simplifies the installation structure, reduces costs, and has a compact structure, which helps to reduce the space occupied by the cutting system.

[0025] The electrical connection module mounting base of the electrical pulse device includes a fixed base 42 and a movable base 43 oscillatingly connected to the fixed base 42. The electrical connector of the electrical pulse device is mounted on the movable base 43, and the fixed base 42 is mounted on the ultrasonic module mounting base 37. The electrical connector of the electrical pulse device is a carbon brush assembly, which includes carbon brushes for conductive contact with the workpiece. One end of the movable base 43 is hinged to the middle of the fixed base 42 in the vertical direction, and the other end is equipped with the carbon brush assembly. The carbon brush assembly is horizontally arranged, with one end fixed to the movable base 43 and the other end used to contact the workpiece. The swing axis of the movable base 43 extends in the vertical direction. The cutting tool 20 is positioned forward to cut the workpiece located in front of the tool. The carbon brush assembly is located on one side of the cutting tool 20. Two electrical connection modules of the electrical pulse device are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides to form a positive and negative electrode through the two carbon brush assemblies, thereby forming a circuit with the workpiece. Only one electrical connection module is schematically shown in the figure. It should be understood that the other electrical connection module can be symmetrically arranged on the other side. The carbon brush assemblies of the left and right electrical connection modules are located on the left and right sides of the cutting tool 20 to transmit pulse current to the cutting area of ​​the workpiece. The position of the carbon brush assemblies can be easily adjusted by the swinging of the movable seat 43 relative to the fixed seat 42, allowing the electrical connectors to contact or separate from the workpiece. In other embodiments, the pulse module mounting base can also be a fixed base with an integral structure, where the carbon brush assemblies are fixed relative to the pulse module mounting base, and the contact and separation of the carbon brushes from the workpiece is achieved by the forward and backward movement of the cutting tool.

[0026] The support base 10 includes a base and a vertically mounted tool holder based on the base. The ultrasonic vibration generating module of the ultrasonic vibration device is mounted on the tool holder. The ultrasonic module mounting base 37 has a sliding groove, and the tool holder of the support base 10 has a slide rail 11 that mates with the sliding groove. The ultrasonic module mounting base 37 is connected to the support base 10 by an adjusting member for sliding the ultrasonic module mounting base 37 relative to the support base 10, and a locking member for fixing the ultrasonic module mounting base 37 after it slides to a set position. The slide rail 11 provides vertical guidance to the sliding groove of the ultrasonic module mounting base 37, facilitating adjustment of the position of the ultrasonic module mounting base 37, and has a simple structure. In other embodiments, multiple adjusting holes can be provided on the support base, and fixing holes can be provided on the ultrasonic module mounting base. Position adjustment is achieved by inserting bolts through the fixing holes and different adjusting holes. In other embodiments, the sliding groove can be provided on the support base, and the slide rail can be provided on the ultrasonic module mounting base.

[0027] The slide rail 11 is located on the front side of the tool holder of the support base 10 and extends vertically. The ultrasonic module mounting base 37 is a flange structure with front and rear end faces. A sliding groove is located on the rear end face of the ultrasonic module mounting base 37 and is a through groove that runs vertically through the entire structure. The ultrasonic module mounting base 37 is provided with an adjustment elongated hole, the length of which runs vertically through the entire structure. The bottom of the through groove and the front end face of the ultrasonic module mounting base 37 are connected to the adjustment elongated hole. The adjustment elongated hole is a countersunk hole. The slide rail 11 is provided with a threaded hole corresponding to the adjustment elongated hole. The locking bolt 14 passes through the adjustment elongated hole and is threaded into the threaded hole. The adjustment elongated hole can avoid the locking bolt 14 when adjusting the vertical position of the ultrasonic module mounting base 37. After adjustment, the locking bolt 14 is used to lock and fix the position. When it is necessary to adjust the height of the ultrasonic module mounting base 37, the locking bolt 14 is loosened. The locking bolt 14 constitutes a locking element. The pulse module mounting base is installed on the left and right sides of the ultrasonic module mounting base 37. The fixing bases 42 of the left and right pulse module mounting bases are respectively fixed on the left and right sides of the ultrasonic module mounting base 37. The fixing structure is simple and easy to arrange. In other embodiments, if there is enough space on the front end face of the ultrasonic module mounting base, the fixing base of the pulse module mounting base can also be fixed on the front end face of the ultrasonic module mounting base.

[0028] The ultrasonic vibration device includes an ultrasonic vibration generating module, a dual-channel ultrasonic power supply 30, and an ultrasonic power cable 31. The ultrasonic vibration generating module includes an ultrasonic module mounting base 37, an amplitude transformer 32, a circular annular piezoelectric ceramic plate 33, a semi-circular annular piezoelectric ceramic plate 34, an electrode plate 35, a rear cover 36, and fastening bolts 38. A cutting tool 20 is mounted on the front end of the amplitude transformer 32. The ultrasonic module mounting base 37 is integrally connected to a portion of the rear end of the amplitude transformer 32. The ultrasonic vibration generating module is mounted on the tool holder of the support base 10 through the ultrasonic module mounting base 37. The tool holder of the support base 10 is provided with a through-hole, which is an elongated hole extending vertically. The through-hole passes through a slide rail 11, through which the ultrasonic vibration generating module passes and can be adjusted vertically. The tool holder of the support base 10 has a forward-protruding flange at its upper end. A differential bolt 13 is connected to the flange and to the ultrasonic module mounting base 37. The upper side of the ultrasonic module mounting base 37 has a threaded hole for the differential bolt 13 to connect to. The height of the ultrasonic vibration generating module can be adjusted by the differential bolt 13, thereby precisely adjusting the height of the cutting tool 20 with an adjustment accuracy of 0.1 μm, thus achieving precise tool setting. The differential bolt 13 constitutes an adjusting component. In other embodiments, when it is necessary to adjust the height of the cutting tool, an electric push rod can be used to move the ultrasonic vibration generating module, and the electric push rod constitutes an adjusting component.

[0029] The ultrasonic vibration generating module is axially aligned in the front-to-back direction. The amplitude transformer 32, two sets of piezoelectric ceramic stacks, electrode plates 35, and rear cover 36 are axially secured together using fastening bolts 38. A dual-channel ultrasonic power supply 30 is connected to the electrode plates 35 of the ultrasonic vibration generating module via an ultrasonic power cable 31, exciting the two sets of piezoelectric ceramic stacks. One set consists of two annular piezoelectric ceramic plates 33 and two corresponding electrode plates 35, while the other set consists of four semi-annular piezoelectric ceramic plates 34 and two corresponding electrode plates 35. The two semi-annular piezoelectric ceramic plates 34 are joined to form a single annular plate. The piezoelectric ceramic plate model is PZT-4. Based on the high efficiency of the piezoelectric ceramic in the d33 working mode, the longitudinal vibration mode and bending vibration mode of the ultrasonic vibration generating module are excited respectively, resulting in a longitudinal-bending composite vibration mode, achieving ultrasonic elliptical vibration.

[0030] Before assembly, the cutting tool 20, the amplitude transformer 32 body, the ultrasonic module mounting base 37, the annular piezoelectric ceramic plate 33, the semi-annular piezoelectric ceramic plate 34, the electrode plate 35, the rear cover 36, and the fastening bolts 38 should all be cleaned with anhydrous ethanol and dried in a forced-air drying oven. The fastening bolts 38 are located on the axis of the ultrasonic vibration generating module. Insulating tape should be wrapped around the parts of the fastening bolts 38 that contact the rear cover 36, the annular piezoelectric ceramic plate 33, and the electrode plate 35. Epoxy resin adhesive should be applied between the contact surfaces of the rear cover 36 and the semi-annular piezoelectric ceramic plate 34 and the electrode plate 35. The rear cover 36, the annular piezoelectric ceramic plate 33, the electrode plate 35, the semi-annular piezoelectric ceramic plate 34, and the rear cover 36 are then tightened axially in sequence using the fastening bolts 38. In this embodiment, a preload of 100N is applied, followed by heat preservation and aging treatment.

[0031] The length of the ultrasonic vibration generating module is half the wavelength of the longitudinal vibration and two wavelengths of the bending vibration. The cutting tool 20 is mounted at the common peak of the longitudinal and bending vibrations, synthesizing and outputting elliptical vibration. The ultrasonic module mounting base 37 at the rear end of the amplitude transformer 32 is located at the common node of the longitudinal and bending vibrations, effectively reducing the transmission loss of the ultrasonic vibration.

[0032] The cutting tool 20 includes a tool head 21 and a tool holder 22. The tool head 21 has a cutting edge and is brazed onto the tool holder 22. The tool holder 22 is mounted to the output end of the ultrasonic vibration generating module by high-strength bolts, and the output end corresponds to the peak position of the ultrasonic vibration. The tool holder 22 is fixed to the amplitude transformer 32, and an ultrasonic coupling agent should be applied between the contact surfaces of the two to improve the transmission efficiency of the ultrasonic vibration.

[0033] The electrical pulse device includes an electrical connection module, a pulse power supply 40, and a pulse power cable 41. The electrical connection module is mounted on the ultrasonic module mounting base 37 of the ultrasonic vibration generating module and is connected to the pulse power supply 40 via the pulse power cable 41. A carbon brush assembly applies pulse current to the workpiece, forming a current loop that causes the microstructure of the workpiece material to evolve, resulting in an electroplastic effect and improving the material's machinability. The output voltage of the pulse power supply 40 is 10kV~30kV, and the output current is 0A~500A. Insulation is applied between the workpiece and the machine tool clamping fixture to prevent pulse current from being transmitted to the machine tool spindle. An insulating coating is applied between the tool holder 22 of the cutting tool 20 and the amplitude transformer 32 to prevent pulse current from interfering with the vibration performance stability of the ultrasonic vibration generating module.

[0034] The cutting system also includes a laser device, which comprises a laser emitting module 52 for outputting a laser beam 53 to irradiate the workpiece for assisted cutting, thereby improving cutting performance using laser-assisted cutting technology. The cutting tool 20 is a light-guided tool, specifically a light-guided diamond tool. The cutting tool 20 has an incident surface for the laser beam 53 to pass through the light-guided tool and irradiate the workpiece, forming an optical path to facilitate laser irradiation of the corresponding cutting area of ​​the workpiece. In other embodiments, the laser device may be omitted. Alternatively, the cutting tool may not be used for light guiding; instead, the laser device is positioned on one side of the ultrasonic vibration generating module, and the laser beam irradiates the workpiece from the cutting tool side.

[0035] The use of a laser device in conjunction with an electric pulse device improves the machinability of materials. Electroplasticity is used in conjunction with laser heating to soften the materials. Because the pulsed current enhances the plasticity of the workpiece, the workpiece material can be machinable without reaching a very high heating temperature when using laser heating, thus avoiding laser beam burns to the workpiece.

[0036] The laser emitting module 52 is located on the side of the ultrasonic vibration generating module away from the cutting tool 20. The laser emitting module 52 is positioned behind the tool holder of the support base 10 and behind the ultrasonic vibration generating module. The ultrasonic vibration generating module has a through-beam optical channel. The laser beam 53 emitted by the laser emitting module 52 enters the light-guiding tool through this optical channel. The optical channel within the ultrasonic vibration generating module avoids the laser beam 53, facilitating the arrangement of the laser emitting module 52 and saving space. In other embodiments, the relative positions of the cutting tool and the laser emitting module can be adjusted so that the laser beam from the laser emitting module directly irradiates the tool.

[0037] The amplitude transformer 32 of the ultrasonic vibration generating module has a hollow inner cavity. The cutting tool 20 is installed in the hollow inner cavity of the amplitude transformer 32. The part of the amplitude transformer 32 where the tool holder of the cutting tool 20 is fixed is the output end of the ultrasonic vibration generating module that outputs ultrasonic vibration to the tool. The piezoelectric ceramic stack, electrode plate 35, rear cover 36, and fastening bolt 38 all have central holes. The light passage includes the hollow inner cavity of the amplitude transformer 32 and the central holes of the aforementioned components, allowing the laser beam 53 to be incident on the rear end face of the light-guiding diamond tool through the ultrasonic vibration generating module. The laser emitting module 52 and the ultrasonic vibration generating module have the same axial direction, both along the front-rear direction. The laser emitting module 52 and the ultrasonic vibration generating module are arranged coaxially to save space. In other embodiments, the cutting tool 20 can also be fixed on the front end face of the amplitude transformer 32 and located outside the hollow inner cavity. In other embodiments, the axes of the laser emitting module and the ultrasonic vibration generating module can also form a certain angle, as long as the laser beam irradiates the light-guiding tool.

[0038] The laser emitting module 52 is mounted on the base of the support substrate via a laser module adjustment mechanism 15, allowing for adjustable positioning of the laser emitting module 52. This adjustment enables the horizontal position of the laser emitting module 52 to be adjusted to accommodate the focal position of the laser beam 53 on the cutting tool. A protective cover 12 is mounted on the support substrate 10 to cover the laser emitting module 52. In other embodiments, the laser emitting module can also be directly fixed and supported on the base as needed.

[0039] The laser device includes a laser emitting module 52, a laser controller 50, and a flexible optical fiber 51. The laser emitting module 52 is connected to the laser controller 50 via the flexible optical fiber 51 and is bolted to the laser module adjustment mechanism 15. The laser module adjustment mechanism 15 is a three-dimensional displacement fine-tuning device that can adjust the vertical, horizontal, and vertical positions of the laser emitting module 52. By adjusting the three-dimensional displacement fine-tuning device, the laser beam 53 output by the laser emitting module 52 can pass through the light-guiding diamond tool and exit from the rake face of the tool, focusing on the workpiece material to be processed, softening it, and improving the material's machinability. The geometry and rake angle of the light-guiding diamond tool should be designed according to the size of the laser focused spot and the refraction path. In this embodiment, the material of the light-guiding diamond tool is single-crystal diamond with a light transmittance ≥95%, a rake angle of -7°, and a clearance angle of 15°. The laser emitting module 52 can output a continuous laser beam with a power of 1~100W, a wavelength of 1080nm, and a spot diameter of 100μm. The power of the laser beam 53 is precisely controlled by the laser controller 50 to soften the workpiece material while preventing it from being burned. In this embodiment, the power of the continuous laser beam is 15W.

[0040] The ultrasonic vibration device outputs longitudinal and bending ultrasonic vibrations with a phase difference, causing the light-guided diamond tool to exhibit an ultrasonic elliptical vibration trajectory, achieving intermittent cutting and effectively reducing cutting forces and tool chemical wear. The laser device outputs a continuous laser beam incident on the rear end face of the light-guided diamond tool, which, after refraction, exits from the tool's rake face and focuses on the cutting zone before the workpiece material is removed, softening the workpiece material and reducing tool mechanical wear. The electrical pulse device outputs pulsed current to the workpiece through carbon brushes, causing the workpiece material's microstructure to evolve, forming an electroplastic effect, improving the material's machinability, and further reducing cutting forces. Simultaneously with the main cutting motion, multiple physical energy fields, including ultrasonic vibration, continuous laser, and high-frequency electrical pulses, are output, achieving ultrasonic-laser-electric pulse synergistic assisted ultra-precision cutting. This combines the advantages of ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting, laser-assisted cutting, and electrical-assisted cutting. By precisely controlling different energy field combinations and energy densities, process optimization can be performed for ultra-precision machining challenges of various difficult-to-machine materials. The ultrasonic vibration device, laser device, and electrical pulse device are highly integrated into a compact, small-sized, and highly safe design with greater adaptability. This design is of great significance for solving the problem of ultra-precision machining of difficult-to-machine materials and has broad application prospects.

[0041] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still make modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments without creative effort, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-energy field cooperative assisted cutting system, characterized in that, The system includes a support base, cutting tools, an electrical pulse device, an ultrasonic vibration device, and a laser device. The ultrasonic vibration device includes an ultrasonic vibration generating module. The cutting tool is mounted on the output end of the ultrasonic vibration generating module. The ultrasonic vibration generating module includes an amplitude transformer, an ultrasonic module mounting base located at the rear end of the amplitude transformer, and a piezoelectric ceramic plate located behind the ultrasonic module mounting base. The cutting tool is mounted on the front end of the amplitude transformer. The ultrasonic module mounting base is adjustablely mounted on the support base and positioned at the corresponding node of the ultrasonic vibration of the ultrasonic vibration generating module. The electrical pulse device includes an electrical connection module, which includes a pulse module mounting base and electrical connectors mounted on the pulse module mounting base. The electrical connectors are used for… The device is electrically connected to the workpiece to transmit pulsed current. The pulse module mounting base is installed on the side of the ultrasonic module mounting base in the left-right direction. The laser device includes a laser emitting module and a light guide tool. The laser emitting module is located on the side of the ultrasonic vibration generating module away from the cutting tool. The ultrasonic vibration generating module has a through-beam optical channel. The laser beam emitted by the laser emitting module passes through the optical channel and enters the incident surface of the light guide tool, passes through the light guide tool and irradiates the workpiece. The optical channel includes the hollow inner cavity of the amplitude transformer. The cutting tool is installed in the hollow inner cavity of the amplitude transformer. The laser emitting module is installed on the support base by an adjustment mechanism so that the position of the laser emitting module along its axial direction is adjustable.

2. The multi-energy field cooperative assisted cutting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pulse module mounting base includes a fixed base and a movable base that is oscillatingly connected to the fixed base. The electrical connector is mounted on the movable base, and the fixed base is mounted on the ultrasonic module mounting base.

3. The multi-energy field cooperative assisted cutting system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The laser emitting module and the ultrasonic vibration generating module have the same axial direction.

4. The multi-energy field cooperative assisted cutting system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The ultrasonic module mounting base and the support base are provided with a sliding groove on one of them and a sliding rail that cooperates with the sliding groove on the other. The ultrasonic module mounting base and the support base are connected by an adjusting component for driving the ultrasonic module mounting base to slide relative to the support base, and a locking component for fixing the ultrasonic module mounting base after it slides to the set position.

5. The multi-energy field cooperative assisted cutting system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The ultrasonic module mounting base is a flange structure, the slide groove is set on the end face of the flange structure, the slide rail is set on the support base, and the pulse module mounting base is installed on the side of the flange structure.

Images