A self-powered temperature monitoring device and method at a power system joint

Abstract

The application discloses a self-powered temperature monitoring device and method at a power system joint, comprising a bolt type high-strength heat pipe, a threaded structure area and a non-threaded structure area of the bolt type high-strength heat pipe, the bolt type high-strength heat pipe being arranged at the power system joint and having a connecting component at the joint, a temperature difference self-powered module being arranged in the non-threaded area of the bolt type high-strength heat pipe, a connecting structure being arranged between the temperature difference self-powered modules, and a temperature monitoring circuit being circumferentially distributed in the non-threaded area of the bolt type high-strength heat pipe and being electrically connected with the temperature difference self-powered module. The application has the advantages of small volume, simple installation, high reliability and long-term accurate temperature monitoring function at the power system joint without an additional power supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of self-powered temperature monitoring devices, and more particularly to a self-powered temperature monitoring device and method for power system junctions. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the rise of new energy vehicles has been accompanied by a continuous increase in electricity demand. Electrical connections are an important component of the power system, such as transformer joints, switchgear joints, and high-voltage line connectors in existing power systems. However, after long-term operation, these power system joints inevitably experience problems such as loosening, aging, and surface oxidation. If these problems are not detected in time, they can cause incalculable disasters. Generally speaking, the most direct consequence of these problems is a change in the temperature of the contact points. Therefore, real-time and long-term temperature monitoring of power system joints is particularly important.

[0003] Temperature monitoring of electrical system joints is crucial for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power system. Overheating at electrical joints can be caused by factors such as resistance loss, dielectric loss, iron loss, abnormal voltage distribution, and increased leakage current. These overheating issues can not only degrade equipment performance but also potentially lead to fires, affect power quality, and accelerate the aging of insulation materials. Temperature monitoring helps to detect overheating problems at electrical joints in a timely manner, preventing power accidents caused by poor contact, equipment aging, surface oxidation, or corrosion. By monitoring temperature changes, insulation aging and breakdown can be prevented, ensuring the stable operation of the power system.

[0004] Existing methods for measuring cable joint temperature include electrical signal temperature measurement (such as thermocouple temperature measurement and integrated sensor temperature measurement), optical signal temperature measurement (such as infrared temperature measurement, fiber Bragg grating temperature measurement and distributed fiber optic temperature measurement), and wireless temperature measurement (including active wireless temperature measurement and passive wireless temperature measurement). Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. For example, although thermocouple temperature measurement has high accuracy, it is complex to install and maintain; although infrared temperature measurement is flexible in use, it cannot achieve online monitoring.

[0005] To prevent electrical joints from overheating, traditional methods include: improving design and construction quality by selecting materials with good electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and corrosion resistance; regularly inspecting and maintaining electrical joints to ensure tight connections and good insulation; optimizing operating methods by distributing loads appropriately and avoiding prolonged overload operation; and installing protective covers to reduce the contact between electrical joints and the external environment, thereby lowering the likelihood of malfunctions.

[0006] Long-term monitoring requires a continuous power supply. Thermoelectric self-powered devices, as a clean energy source, are very suitable for providing continuous power to low-power monitoring devices. However, traditional rigid thermoelectric modules and the low temperature difference between the hot and cold ends of thermoelectric modules make it difficult to provide continuous power. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a self-powered temperature monitoring device and method for power system joints. This device is small in size, easy to install, and highly reliable, enabling long-term and accurate temperature monitoring of power system joints without the need for an external power source.

[0008] To achieve the above technical objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a power system connector self-powered temperature monitoring device, comprising a bolt-type high-strength heat pipe as the main structure, the bolt-type high-strength heat pipe having a threaded structure region and a non-threaded region, the non-threaded region being provided with a temperature difference self-powered module; the non-threaded region also having a temperature monitoring circuit circumferentially distributed thereon, the temperature monitoring circuit being electrically connected to the temperature difference self-powered module; the temperature difference self-powered module having a PN junction for generating electricity based on temperature difference self-powered energy, the generated voltage supplying power to the temperature monitoring circuit, the temperature monitoring circuit performing temperature monitoring; the threaded structure region being connected to the power system connector.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the bolt-type high-strength heat pipe is a capillary heat pipe, including a shell and a core, the shell being sleeved outside the core, and a vapor chamber being provided between the shell and the core, the vapor chamber being filled with working fluid, and the shell being made of stainless steel. The outer wall of the tube shell is provided with the threaded structure area and the unthreaded area.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, a nut and a washer are provided at the threaded structure area and the power system connector, and the power system connector has a first power system connector and a second power system connector; the threaded structure area includes an evaporation section and an insulation section, the evaporation section is connected to the first power system connector and the second power system connector, and the remaining part of the threaded structure area except for the evaporation section serves as an insulation section; the insulation section is connected to the unthreaded area, which serves as a condensation section.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, thermally conductive silicone grease is filled between the temperature difference self-energy extraction module and the threadless area.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the temperature difference self-energy harvesting module includes a heat dissipation structure and an energy harvesting structure, and the bolt-type high-strength heat pipe is provided with a connection structure, an energy harvesting structure and a heat dissipation structure in sequence from the inside to the outside; The energy harvesting structure includes a P-type semiconductor, an N-type semiconductor, an FPCB substrate, and a first copper foil; the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor are spaced apart on the FPCB substrate to form a PN junction, and the first copper foil is connected to the top of the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor; The heat dissipation structure includes a second copper foil, heat dissipation fins, and a high thermal conductivity elastomer. The high thermal conductivity elastomer is disposed on the top outer side of the energy harvesting structure. The heat dissipation fins are disposed on the high thermal conductivity elastomer. The high thermal conductivity elastomer covers the outside of the second copper foil. The lower surface of the second copper foil is connected to the first copper foil, and the upper surface is connected to the heat dissipation fins.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the bottom of the FPCB substrate is connected to the connection structure by insulating tape, and the heat dissipation fins contain a low-temperature phase change material.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the P-type semiconductor is electrically connected to the FPCB substrate, the first copper foil and the second copper foil are connected by conductive silver paste, and the bottom of the heat sink fins is soldered with a first copper foil of equal cross-section and encapsulated by a high thermal conductivity elastomer. The volume of the high thermal conductivity elastomer is larger than that of the first copper foil and their bottoms are flush.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the temperature difference self-energy extraction module includes a first temperature difference self-energy extraction module and a second temperature difference self-energy extraction module; the first temperature difference self-energy extraction module and the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module are the same. The first temperature difference self-energy harvesting module and the second temperature difference self-energy harvesting module are circumferentially symmetrically distributed on the threadless area; the first temperature difference self-energy harvesting module and the second temperature difference self-energy harvesting module are connected by a connecting structure. As a further improvement of the present invention, the connection structure includes a connection body, the material of which is silicone rubber elastomer or PDMS. The two ends of the connection body are respectively connected to one end of the FPCB substrate in the first temperature difference self-energy extraction module and the other end of the FPCB substrate in the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module; and small holes are provided at both ends of the FPCB substrate, and an electrical connection is formed between the two ends by an S-shaped wire.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the first temperature difference self-energy extraction module, the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module, the connection structure, and the temperature monitoring circuit are all of equal length along the axial direction to the threadless region.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the temperature monitoring circuit includes an energy harvesting module, a data processing module, a Bluetooth module, and a thermocouple temperature measurement module; The energy harvesting module is used to collect electrical energy from the thermoelectric self-energy harvesting module to power the electrical units in the temperature monitoring circuit; the thermocouple temperature measurement module is used to measure the temperature and convert the temperature signal into a thermoelectric potential signal; the data processing module is used to analyze and process the temperature data collected by the thermocouple temperature measurement module; and the Bluetooth module is used to transmit the processed temperature data. The thermocouple temperature measurement module is connected to a thermocouple, and the thermocouple is connected to the temperature measurement point.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, the temperature monitoring circuit is disposed on one side of the temperature difference self-energy extraction module, and a heat insulation layer is disposed between the temperature monitoring circuit and the threadless area.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, the temperature monitoring circuit includes a first chip and a second chip coupled to each other. The first chip is an energy harvesting low-power management chip, which includes a low-power boost charger for starting up when the input voltage is lower than the preset voltage value to perform maximum power point tracking. The second chip is a nano-ampere energy harvesting power chip, which has a built-in low-loss full-wave bridge rectifier and a synchronous buck converter for starting up when the input voltage is higher than the preset voltage value to perform maximum power point tracking.

[0020] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for monitoring the temperature of self-harvested energy at a power system connection, comprising: The temperature difference self-generating module generates electricity by generating energy based on the temperature difference at the power system connection point; The voltage generated by the generator supplies power to the temperature monitoring circuit; After the temperature monitoring circuit is started, it monitors the temperature at the power system connection.

[0021] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this application are: This application utilizes the synergistic operation of thermoelectric power generation and a temperature monitoring circuit to achieve self-powered and accurate temperature monitoring. The device employs a bolt-type high-strength heat pipe as its main structure. This design facilitates a tight connection between the device and the power system connector, ensuring accurate temperature monitoring. The threaded and unthreaded areas of the heat pipe perform different functions. Thermoelectric self-powered modules are distributed in the unthreaded area of ​​the main structure. These modules utilize thermoelectric power generation technology, specifically the Seebeck effect, to convert the temperature difference at the power system connector into electrical energy. This electrical energy powers the temperature monitoring circuit, enabling automatic temperature detection without an external power supply. Therefore, this application achieves the goals of small size, simple installation, high reliability, and long-term accurate temperature monitoring at the power system connector without the need for an external power source. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The accompanying drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application in any way. Furthermore, the shapes and scales of the components in the drawings are merely illustrative to aid in understanding this application and do not specifically limit the shapes and scales of the components. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this application; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the temperature difference self-energy harvesting module structure of this application; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the middle fin structure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure in this application; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A perspective structural diagram; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring circuit structure of this application; Figure 7 Circuit diagram of the energy harvesting module; Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the installation location; Figure 9 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the entire application. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.

[0025] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0026] like Figure 1As shown: A power system connector self-powered temperature monitoring device includes a main structure bolt-type high-strength heat pipe 5. The bolt-type high-strength heat pipe 5 has a threaded structure region 506 and a non-threaded region 501. At the power system connector, it has a nut 6 and a washer 7. The non-threaded region 501 is circumferentially symmetrically distributed with a first temperature difference self-powered module 1 and a second temperature difference self-powered module 3. The first temperature difference self-powered module 1 and the second temperature difference self-powered module 3 are connected by a connection structure 4. The non-threaded region 501 is also circumferentially distributed with a temperature monitoring circuit 2.

[0027] The temperature monitoring device at the power system junction disclosed in this application operates on the principle of utilizing thermoelectric power generation, thermoelectric power generation, and temperature monitoring circuit 2 in synergy to achieve self-powered operation and accurate temperature monitoring. The device employs a bolt-type high-strength heat pipe as its main structure. This design facilitates a tight connection between the device and the power system junction, ensuring accurate temperature monitoring. The threaded and unthreaded areas of the heat pipe perform different functions. Thermoelectric self-harvesting modules are symmetrically distributed circumferentially in the unthreaded area of ​​the main structure. These modules utilize thermoelectric power generation technology, namely the Seebeck effect, to convert the temperature difference at the power system junction into electrical energy. Thermoelectric self-harvesting modules are interconnected via a connecting structure to form a complete energy harvesting system. This design allows the device to operate without an external power source, improving the system's self-sufficiency and reliability. Temperature monitoring circuits 2 are also circumferentially distributed in the unthreaded area of ​​the main structure. These temperature monitoring circuits 2 are electrically connected to the thermoelectric self-harvesting modules, utilizing the harvested electrical energy for temperature monitoring. Temperature monitoring circuit 2 may include a thermocouple temperature measurement module such as MCP9600, which can connect to a type K thermocouple for temperature monitoring and provide high-precision temperature readings.

[0028] To efficiently manage and utilize the electrical energy harvested by the thermoelectric self-harvesting module, the device may also include an energy management chip such as the BQ25570, a low-voltage, high-efficiency energy management circuit with programmable power point tracking (MPPT), boost, and buck functions, suitable for energy management of power ranging from microwatts to milliwatts.

[0029] The temperature monitoring device at the junction of the power system achieves long-term accurate temperature monitoring by integrating temperature difference self-energy extraction technology and precise temperature monitoring circuit 2. It also features small size, simple installation, and high reliability.

[0030] like Figure 9 As shown, the bolt-type high-strength heat pipe 5 is a capillary heat pipe, which is composed of a shell 504, a core 503, a steam chamber 505, a working fluid 502, etc., and the shell material is high-strength stainless steel, thereby ensuring the strength of the connection at the joint.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 9 As shown, the threaded structure region 506 includes an evaporation section and an insulation section. The evaporation section is connected to the first power system connector 8 and the second power system connector 9, thereby ensuring that heat can be transferred from the power system connector to the temperature difference self-energy harvesting device at any installation angle. The threadless region 501 is a condensation section, which facilitates connection with the first temperature difference self-energy harvesting module 1 and the second temperature difference self-energy harvesting module 3. This embodiment of the invention mainly uses the first temperature difference self-energy harvesting module 1 and the second temperature difference self-energy harvesting module 3 as examples, mainly considering structural symmetry and ease of installation. To achieve temperature difference self-energy harvesting, one temperature difference self-energy harvesting module or multiple temperature difference self-energy harvesting modules can be used.

[0032] The threaded region 506, except for the evaporation section, is an insulating section; the unthreaded region 501 is a condensation section. The insulating section connects to the unthreaded region 501, which serves as the condensation section.

[0033] The evaporation section is the area that absorbs heat and evaporates. When the evaporation section is affected by external heat, the working medium here evaporates, and the pressure rises rapidly after evaporation. This process is spontaneous and requires no assistance from other components or energy consumption; heat can be transferred as long as there is a temperature difference. The adiabatic section is located between the evaporation and condensation sections, and its main function is to reduce heat loss as steam flows from the evaporation to the condensation section. The temperature in the condensation section is lower than that in the evaporation section, where the steam releases heat and condenses into a liquid. Upon heating, the working medium in the evaporation section absorbs heat and evaporates, while it releases heat and condenses in the condensation section; this process is also spontaneous. The coordinated work of these three parts enables the heat pipe to efficiently transfer heat without the need for external energy input.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, the first temperature difference self-harvesting module 1 and the second temperature difference self-harvesting module 3 are completely identical, and thermally conductive silicone grease is filled between them and the threadless area 501. The first temperature difference self-harvesting module 1 and the second temperature difference self-harvesting module 3 are provided to reduce interference. If there were only one energy harvesting module, the temperature monitoring circuit 2 would be arranged together with the connecting structure 4. The connecting structure would need to be extended before being assembled into the threadless area, which might interfere with the temperature monitoring circuit 2.

[0035] They consist of a heat dissipation structure and an energy harvesting structure 103. The energy harvesting structure 103 includes a P-type semiconductor 106, an N-type semiconductor 108, an FPCB substrate 107, and a first copper foil 105. The heat dissipation structure includes a second copper foil 104, heat dissipation fins 102, and a high thermal conductivity elastomer 101. For example, the P-type semiconductor 106 and the N-type semiconductor 108 are made of Bi2Te3.

[0036] In the above scheme, the energy harvesting structure consists of a P-type semiconductor 106 and an N-type semiconductor 108, which are spaced apart on the FPCB substrate 107. When current flows through the circuit composed of these two semiconductors, the Peltier effect occurs, meaning that heat absorption and release occur at the junctions of different conductors depending on the direction of the current. When current flows from the N-type semiconductor to the P-type semiconductor, the electric field causes electrons in the N-type and holes in the P-type to flow in opposite directions. The energy generated comes from the thermal energy of the crystal, thus absorbing heat at the junction and releasing heat at the other end. By controlling the current, the function of absorbing heat at one end and releasing heat at the other end can be achieved for heat dissipation or cooling.

[0037] Furthermore, the first copper foil 105 connects the tops of the P-type semiconductor 106 and the N-type semiconductor 108, serving both electrical conductivity and heat dissipation functions. It can rapidly conduct away the heat generated by the semiconductors while ensuring smooth current flow.

[0038] Furthermore, a high thermal conductivity elastomer 101 is disposed on the outer top of the energy harvesting structure, serving both a filling and heat conduction function. It effectively transfers the heat generated by the energy harvesting structure to the heat dissipation fins 102. The elastic properties of the high thermal conductivity elastomer allow it to adapt to heat dissipation requirements of different shapes and sizes while ensuring good thermal conductivity.

[0039] In the above scheme, heat dissipation fins 102 are disposed on a high thermal conductivity elastomer 101, thereby increasing the heat dissipation efficiency by increasing the surface area. The shape and arrangement of the fins can enhance airflow, thereby improving the effect of convective heat transfer.

[0040] Furthermore, the lower surface of the second copper foil 104 is connected to the first copper foil 105, and the upper surface is connected to the heat dissipation fins 102. It acts as a bridge, transferring the heat generated by the energy harvesting structure to the heat dissipation fins through a highly thermally conductive elastomer, and then dissipating it into the air.

[0041] As an example, when the semiconductor components in the energy harvesting structure operate, they generate heat. This heat is conducted through the first copper foil to the second copper foil, and then through a highly thermally conductive elastomer to the heat sink fins. The heat sink fins improve heat dissipation efficiency by increasing surface area and enhancing airflow. As air flows over the fins, it carries away the heat, thus achieving heat dissipation. The highly thermally conductive elastomer, as a thermal interface material, effectively fills the gap between the electronic components and the heat sink, expelling air and establishing an effective heat conduction channel, significantly reducing contact thermal resistance and improving heat dissipation efficiency.

[0042] The heat dissipation fins contain a low-temperature phase change material composed of paraffin wax, SBS, and CNTs. An embodiment of the invention provides a specific scheme where, by mass ratio, paraffin wax:SBS:CNTs = 60~80:20~30: paraffin wax accounts for 1% of the total mass. Preferably, paraffin wax:SBS:CNTs = 70:30: paraffin wax accounts for 1% of the total mass. The phase change material absorbs heat and maintains a constant temperature during phase change, thereby maximizing the temperature difference between the hot and cold ends.

[0043] The bottom of the FPCB substrate 107 is bonded with insulating tape to prevent the current from the power line connector from interfering with the device.

[0044] like Figure 3 As shown, the P-type semiconductor 106 is soldered to the FPCB substrate 107 with solder paste. The first copper foil 105 and the second copper foil 104 are completely identical and connected by conductive silver paste. The bottom of the heat sink fin 102 is soldered with a first copper foil 105 of equal cross-section and encapsulated by a high thermal conductivity elastomer 101. The volume of the high thermal conductivity elastomer 101, which is silicone rubber or PDMS mixed with liquid metal or metal particles or CNTs, is larger than that of the first copper foil 105 and their bottoms are flush.

[0045] The lower surface of the second copper foil 104 is connected to the first copper foil 105, and the upper surface is connected to the heat dissipation fins 102, serving as a transition for heat transfer. Alternatively, the heat dissipation fins 102 can be directly connected to the first copper foil 105 by first manufacturing the heat dissipation structure, with the second copper foil 104 acting as a bridge between the heat dissipation structure and the energy harvesting structure. The connections between these parts can be made using conductive silver paste or solder paste.

[0046] The first temperature difference self-energy extraction module 1, the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module 3, the connection structure 4, and the temperature monitoring circuit 2 are all of the same length as the threadless region 501.

[0047] like Figure 4 As shown, the connection structure 4 includes a connection body 402 made of silicone rubber elastomer or PDMS, which is connected to both ends 401 and 403 of the FPCB substrate 107. Small holes 404 are drilled at both ends 401 and 403 of the FPCB substrate 107 to improve the connection strength. They are electrically connected by an S-shaped wire 405, allowing the self-harvesting module to adapt to different diameters and to be tightly connected to the heat pipe evaporation section.

[0048] As an example, improving connection strength is a crucial consideration in the design and manufacturing of flexible printed circuit boards (FPCBs). Drilling small holes at both ends of the FPCB substrate enhances connection strength. These holes allow the FPCB to be secured to other structures using fasteners such as rivets or screws. This mechanical connection significantly improves the strength of the connection between the FPCB and other components, ensuring the board will not detach or shift under external forces or vibrations. The holes also serve as heat dissipation channels, helping to disperse and dissipate heat generated during FPCB operation, thereby reducing localized temperatures and improving the overall thermal stability and reliability of the system. During soldering, these holes can be used to transfer solder, ensuring adequate filling and a strong bond at the solder joints. Solder can flow through the holes to the other side of the FPCB, forming stronger mechanical and electrical connections. Stress concentration may occur during the manufacturing and use of FPCBs. Drilling holes at both ends provides a path for stress release, reducing stress concentration and improving the overall stability and durability of the FPCB. In multilayer FPCBs, the holes can act as through-holes, enabling electrical connections between layers through processes such as electroplating. This interlayer connection can improve the mechanical and electrical performance of the entire FPCB.

[0049] like Figure 7 As shown, the temperature monitoring circuit 2 includes an energy harvesting module BQ25570 and an LTC3108-1. These two chips work together to maximize the energy conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric sensor under different input voltages. Secondly, the monitoring circuit also includes a thermocouple temperature measurement module MCP9600, which can connect to a K-type thermocouple for temperature monitoring, breaking through the traditional thermistor temperature measurement distance limitations. Finally, the monitoring circuit also includes a Bluetooth module for wireless data interaction with smartphones and other smart terminals.

[0050] Among them, temperature monitoring circuit 2 is a multi-functional system designed to improve energy conversion efficiency and achieve remote temperature monitoring. Through the coordinated work of these modules, the entire monitoring circuit realizes complete functions from energy harvesting to temperature monitoring and wireless data transmission, making temperature monitoring more flexible and efficient.

[0051] Specifically, temperature monitoring circuit 2 includes an energy harvesting module, a data processing module, a Bluetooth module, and a thermocouple temperature measurement module. The energy harvesting module collects energy from the power system connection, possibly through current transformer sensing or other methods, to power the temperature monitoring circuit. This method allows for self-powering, eliminating the need for battery replacements and reducing maintenance costs and workload. The data processing module processes the temperature data collected by the thermocouple temperature measurement module. It may include functions such as signal amplification, analog-to-digital conversion, data storage, and preliminary analysis to ensure data accuracy and usability. The Bluetooth module is used for wireless transmission of the processed temperature data to the monitoring system or other devices. This allows for remote monitoring and data analysis, improving system flexibility and responsiveness.

[0052] A thermocouple temperature sensing module is a temperature-sensing element that directly measures temperature and converts the temperature signal into a thermoelectric electromotive force (EMF) signal. It utilizes the Seebeck effect, which states that when two conductors of different materials form a closed circuit, a current flows through the circuit when a temperature gradient exists between the two ends, creating an EMF—the thermoelectric EMF—between the two ends. This self-powered temperature monitoring device design allows for real-time monitoring of the temperature at power system junctions without relying on an external power source. Data is transmitted via Bluetooth, enabling remote monitoring and timely early warning, thus ensuring the safe operation of the power system.

[0053] As an optional solution, the temperature monitoring circuit 2 includes a first chip and a second chip. The first chip is an energy harvesting low-power management chip, which includes an ultra-low-power boost charger for starting up when the input voltage is as low as 330mV and is also capable of maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The second chip is a nano-ampere energy harvesting power chip, which has a built-in low-loss full-wave bridge rectifier and synchronous buck converter for transferring energy from an input storage device to the output to generate a stable voltage that supports a load of up to 100mA, with an input voltage as low as 20mV.

[0054] As an example, an energy harvesting module can consist of the BQ25570 and LTC3108-1 chips. The BQ25570 is a highly integrated, low-power energy harvesting management chip that efficiently harvests and manages microwatts to milliwatts of power from a variety of DC sources. It includes an ultra-low-power boost charger that can start at an input voltage as low as 330mV, with a hot-start input voltage as low as 100mV, provided the energy storage unit (ESU) voltage is greater than 1.8V. Furthermore, the BQ25570 features maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to provide optimal energy extraction from a variety of energy harvesting devices. The LTC3108-1 is a nanoamp energy harvesting power supply chip optimized for high-impedance sources such as piezoelectric sensors. It integrates a low-loss full-wave bridge rectifier and a high-efficiency synchronous buck converter to transfer energy from an input storage device to the output, producing a stable voltage that can support loads up to 100mA with an input voltage as low as 20mV.

[0055] As an example, the MCP9600 thermocouple temperature measurement module is a fully integrated thermocouple electromotive force (EMF) to Celsius converter with integrated cold junction compensation. It supports eight thermocouple types: K, J, T, N, S, E, B, and R, increasing design flexibility for a variety of temperature sensing applications. The MCP9600 communicates with the main control chip via an I2C interface, acquiring the corresponding data based on the I2C interface timing, device address, and register address. The working principle of a thermocouple is based on the Seebeck effect, which states that when different temperatures are applied to the junction of two different metals, a voltage is generated between the metals and a current flows through them. This phenomenon is named after its discoverer, the "Seebeck effect."

[0056] As an example, a Bluetooth module allows monitoring circuitry to wirelessly interact with smart terminals such as mobile phones. Bluetooth modules work by using radio waves to transmit data, employing the specific Bluetooth protocol for wireless data transfer. Bluetooth modules can transmit data to another device at high speed and over short distances. Through the coordinated operation of the physical layer (PHY) and data link layer (LL), and a master-slave communication mechanism, Bluetooth technology enables efficient, low-power wireless data transmission and connectivity between devices.

[0057] like Figure 6 As shown, the temperature monitoring circuit 2, the first temperature difference self-powered module 1, and the second temperature difference self-powered module 3 are located on the same FPCB107, and there is a heat insulation layer 109 between the temperature monitoring circuit 2 and the threadless area 501.

[0058] like Figure 7As shown, a novel compact DC-DC converter circuit (based on LTC3108 and BQ25507) is disclosed to achieve high conversion efficiency (50.2%@100mV) and allows for low self-starting input voltage (20mV) and stable output voltage (e.g., 3.375V). The input interfaces of LTC3108 and BQ25570 are connected to thermoelectric self-harvesting modules (1, 3). The Vout interface of LTC3108 (set to 3.7V) is connected to ESU, and Vout2 is connected to the gate of MOS transistor Q2. When the ESU voltage is greater than 3.43V, MOS transistor Q2 is turned on, and ESU can provide a 3.3V output voltage to the back-end circuit through the buck circuit of BQ25570. It is worth noting that the maximum charging voltage of ESU (Energy Storage Unit) is set to 3.7V by LTC3108 and 5.4V by BQ25570. When the ESU voltage exceeds 3.7V, the system will shut down the LTC3108, allowing only the BQ25570 to operate. When the ESU voltage is below 3.7V and the WTEG output voltage is greater than 20mV, the LTC3108 will continue to operate. Therefore, the designed composite DC-DC converter circuit not only maintains high efficiency when the input voltage is greater than 100mV, but also allows for a self-starting input voltage as low as 20mV.

[0059] like Figure 8 As shown, in practical use, the self-powered temperature monitoring device at the power system connector is installed at the first position 01, and the ordinary bolt is installed at the second position 02, ensuring connection strength. Since the bolt-type high-strength heat pipe 5 is a capillary heat pipe, and the evaporation section is connected to the power system connector, this invention can achieve heat transfer from the power system connector to the temperature difference self-energy harvesting device at any installation angle. When the voltage of the energy storage battery or capacitor reaches a certain threshold, it begins to supply power to the back-end circuit, and then begins to collect the temperature at the connector and wirelessly transmit the data to the terminal.

[0060] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for monitoring the temperature of self-harvested energy at a power system junction, comprising: Obtain the measured temperatures of the first temperature difference self-energy harvesting module 1 and the second temperature difference self-energy harvesting module 3; The temperature monitoring circuit acquires the measured temperatures of the first temperature difference self-powered module 1 and the second temperature difference self-powered module 3, and uses the temperature difference to generate electricity, converting the heat on the heat pipe into electrical energy to provide power for the temperature monitoring circuit.

[0061] The monitoring method of this invention relates to the combined application of thermoelectric power generation technology and temperature monitoring technology. This method utilizes a first and a second thermoelectric self-harvesting module installed on a heat pipe to convert heat from the heat pipe into electrical energy, thereby providing energy for the temperature monitoring circuit. Simultaneously, the temperature monitoring circuit acquires the measured temperatures of these two thermoelectric self-harvesting modules, enabling real-time monitoring of the temperature at the power system junctions. Thermoelectric power generation is based on the thermoelectric effect, which means that when two conductors (or semiconductors) of different materials are connected to form a closed loop, and a temperature difference exists between the two junctions, a thermoelectric electromotive force is generated in the loop.

[0062] In this invention, the first and second thermoelectric self-harvesting modules are made of different thermoelectric materials and installed in the threadless region of the heat pipe, forming a thermoelectric power generation circuit. When the heat pipe is heated, the heat on it causes a temperature difference between the first and second thermoelectric self-harvesting modules, thereby stimulating a thermoelectric effect and generating electrical energy. The temperature monitoring circuit operates using the electrical energy obtained from the thermoelectric self-harvesting modules. This circuit includes a temperature sensor (possibly integrated into the thermoelectric self-harvesting modules or as a separate component) for measuring the measured temperatures of the first and second thermoelectric self-harvesting modules. The temperature sensor converts the measured temperature into an electrical signal, which is processed and recorded by the temperature monitoring circuit to achieve real-time monitoring of the power system connection temperature.

[0063] The core of this method lies in achieving self-sufficiency in energy supply, that is, using the heat from the heat pipe to provide energy for the temperature monitoring circuit. Through the principle of thermoelectric power generation, both the first and second thermoelectric self-sufficiency modules convert the heat from the heat pipe into electrical energy, avoiding dependence on an external power source. This self-sufficiency method not only improves the reliability and stability of the system, but also achieves real-time monitoring of the junction temperature and self-sufficiency in power supply by combining thermoelectric power generation and temperature monitoring technologies. This method not only improves the accuracy and reliability of temperature monitoring, but also reduces dependence on external power sources, providing strong protection for the safe operation of the power system.

[0064] Many embodiments and applications beyond the examples provided will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Therefore, the scope of this teaching should not be determined by reference to the foregoing description, but rather by reference to the foregoing claims and the full scope of their equivalents. For purposes of completeness, all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are incorporated herein by reference. The omission of any aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein in the foregoing claims is not intended as a waiver of that subject matter, nor should it be construed as an indication that the applicant has not considered that subject matter as part of the disclosed inventive subject matter.

[0065] The above content provides a further detailed description of this application and should not be construed as limiting the specific implementation methods of this application to this. For those skilled in the art, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of this application, and all such deductions or substitutions should be considered as falling within the scope of protection defined by the submitted claims.

Claims

1. A self-powered temperature monitoring device for power system connectors, characterized in that, The system includes a bolt-type high-strength heat pipe (5) as the main structure. The bolt-type high-strength heat pipe has a threaded structure area (506) and a non-threaded area (501). A temperature difference self-energy extraction module is provided on the non-threaded area (501). A temperature monitoring circuit (2) is also circumferentially distributed in the non-threaded area (501). The temperature monitoring circuit (2) is electrically connected to the temperature difference self-energy extraction module. The temperature difference self-energy extraction module has a PN junction for generating electricity based on the temperature difference. The voltage generated by the electricity generation supplies power to the temperature monitoring circuit (2), and the temperature monitoring circuit (2) performs temperature monitoring. The threaded structure area (506) is connected to the power system connector. The bolt-type high-strength heat pipe (5) is a capillary heat pipe, including a shell (504) and a core (503). The shell (504) is sleeved outside the core (503). There is a steam chamber (505) between the shell (504) and the core (503). The steam chamber (505) is filled with working fluid (502). The shell material is stainless steel. The outer wall of the tube shell (504) is provided with the threaded structure area (506) and the unthreaded area (501); The temperature difference self-energy extraction module includes a first temperature difference self-energy extraction module (1) and a second temperature difference self-energy extraction module (3); the first temperature difference self-energy extraction module (1) and the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module (3) are the same; The first temperature difference self-energy extraction module (1) and the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module (3) are symmetrically distributed in the circumferential direction on the threadless area (501); the first temperature difference self-energy extraction module (1) and the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module (3) are connected by a connection structure (4); The temperature monitoring circuit (2) is located on one side of the temperature difference self-energy module, and a heat insulation layer (109) is provided between the temperature monitoring circuit (2) and the threadless area (501). The temperature difference self-energy harvesting module includes a heat dissipation structure and an energy harvesting structure (103). The bolt-type high-strength heat pipe (5) is arranged from the inside to the outside as a connection structure (4), an energy harvesting structure (103) and a heat dissipation structure. The energy harvesting structure (103) includes a P-type semiconductor (106), an N-type semiconductor (108), an FPCB substrate (107), and a first copper foil (105); the P-type semiconductor (106) and the N-type semiconductor (108) are spaced apart on the FPCB substrate (107) to form a PN junction, and the first copper foil (105) is connected to the top of the P-type semiconductor (106) and the N-type semiconductor (108); The bottom of the FPCB substrate (107) is connected to the connection structure (4) by insulating tape; The P-type semiconductor (106) is electrically connected to the FPCB substrate (107); The connection structure (4) includes a connection body (402), the material of which is silicone rubber elastomer or PDMS. The two ends of the connection body (402) are respectively connected to one end (40) of the FPCB substrate (107) in the first temperature difference self-energy module (1) and the other end (403) of the FPCB substrate (107) in the second temperature difference self-energy module (3). Furthermore, small holes (404) are provided at both ends (401, 403) of the FPCB substrate (107), and an electrical connection is formed between the two ends (401, 403) through an S-shaped wire (405).

2. The power system connector self-powered temperature monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The threaded structure area (506) and the power system connector are provided with a nut (6) and a washer (7). The power system connector has a first power system connector (8) and a second power system connector (9). The threaded structure area (506) includes an evaporation section and an insulation section. The evaporation section is connected to the first power system connector (8) and the second power system connector (9). The remaining part of the threaded structure area (506) except for the evaporation section serves as the insulation section. The insulation section is connected to the unthreaded area (501) which serves as the condensation section.

3. The power system connector self-powered temperature monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Thermally conductive silicone grease is filled between the temperature difference self-energy extraction module and the threadless area (501).

4. The power system connector self-powered temperature monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat dissipation structure includes a second copper foil (104), heat dissipation fins (102), and a high thermal conductivity elastomer (101). The high thermal conductivity elastomer (101) is disposed on the top outer side of the energy harvesting structure (103). The heat dissipation fins (102) are disposed on the high thermal conductivity elastomer (101). The high thermal conductivity elastomer (101) covers the outside of the second copper foil (104). The lower surface of the second copper foil (104) is connected to the first copper foil (105), and the upper surface is connected to the heat dissipation fins (102).

5. The power system connector self-powered temperature monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heat dissipation fins (102) contain a low-temperature phase change material.

6. The power system connector self-powered temperature monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first copper foil (105) and the second copper foil (104) are connected by conductive silver paste. The bottom of the heat sink fin (102) is soldered with a first copper foil (105) of equal cross section and is encapsulated by a high thermal conductivity elastomer (101). The volume of the high thermal conductivity elastomer (101) is larger than that of the first copper foil (105) and their bottoms are flush.

7. The power system connector self-powered temperature monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first temperature difference self-energy extraction module (1), the second temperature difference self-energy extraction module (3), the connection structure (4), and the temperature monitoring circuit (2) have the same axial length as the threadless region (501).

8. The power system connector self-powered temperature monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature monitoring circuit (2) includes an energy harvesting module, a data processing module, a Bluetooth module, and a thermocouple temperature measurement module. The energy harvesting module is used to collect electrical energy from the temperature difference self-energy harvesting module for use by the power consumption unit in the temperature monitoring circuit (2); the thermocouple temperature measurement module is used to measure the temperature and convert the temperature signal into a thermoelectric potential signal; the data processing module is used to analyze and process the temperature data collected by the thermocouple temperature measurement module; the Bluetooth module is used to transmit the processed temperature data. The thermocouple temperature measurement module is connected to a thermocouple, and the thermocouple is connected to the temperature measurement point.

9. The power system connector self-powered temperature monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature monitoring circuit (2) includes a first chip and a second chip that are coupled to each other. The first chip is an energy harvesting low-power management chip. The energy harvesting low-power management chip includes a low-power boost charger, which is used to start when the input voltage is lower than the preset voltage value and perform maximum power point tracking. The second chip is a nano-power energy harvesting power chip. The nano-power energy harvesting power chip has a built-in low-loss full-wave bridge rectifier and synchronous buck converter, which is used to start when the input voltage is higher than the preset voltage value and perform maximum power point tracking.

10. A method for monitoring the temperature of a power system junction that allows for self-sourced energy extraction, based on the power system junction temperature monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, include: The temperature difference self-generating module generates electricity by generating energy based on the temperature difference at the power system connection point; The voltage generated by the generator supplies power to the temperature monitoring circuit (2); After the temperature monitoring circuit (2) is started, it monitors the temperature at the power system connector.

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