A wide-bandwidth, wide-coverage intelligent reflective unit and intelligent reflective surface

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of smart surface and wireless communication technology, and relates to a wideband wide-coverage smart reflective unit and smart reflective surface; it includes a metal resonant layer, a first dielectric layer, a metal ground layer, a second dielectric layer, and a metal feed line layer stacked sequentially from top to bottom with their center points coinciding; wherein, the center point serves as the center point of the wideband wide-coverage smart reflective unit; a PIN diode, the positive terminal of which is connected to the metal feed line layer, and the negative terminal of which is connected to the metal ground layer; and multiple magnetic resonance generating units, each including multiple grounding metal vias, each grounding metal via penetrating the metal resonant layer, the first dielectric layer, and the metal ground layer; wherein, the multiple magnetic resonance generating units are centrally symmetrical about the center point of the wideband wide-coverage smart reflective unit. By simultaneously exciting electrical resonance and magnetic resonance in the same resonant structure, the phase modulation frequency band range of the smart reflective unit is effectively broadened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of smart surfaces and wireless communication technology, and in particular to a wide-bandwidth, wide-coverage smart reflective unit and smart reflective surface. Background Technology

[0002] In traditional wireless communication systems, the lack of user control over the wireless channel is a significant factor limiting system performance. In next-generation communication systems, smart reflector technology can reconstruct the wireless channel, extend communication coverage, and improve the reliability of wireless communication. For example, in 5G and 6G mobile communications, the line-of-sight channel between the transceiver is easily obstructed. By installing smart reflector devices, additional line-of-sight information between the smart reflector and the transceiver can be established, thereby restoring high-quality communication services and enhancing communication robustness.

[0003] Intelligent reflectors consist of a large number of reflective elements, each equipped with adjustable components or variable materials to change the reflected phase of the incident signal. By optimizing the reflection phase distribution matrix formed by these numerous reflective elements, the physical channel between the transmitter and receiver can be artificially configured to provide communication services. Intelligent reflectors offer advantages such as low profile, light weight, and low cost. They can be installed on building exteriors and other living facilities, making them compatible with existing communication systems and easily integrated into the living environment, thus possessing broad application prospects.

[0004] Existing smart reflectors consist of multiple reflective units. Each reflective unit typically comprises two dielectric layers, two metal layers, a metal feed line layer, and a PIN diode. One metal layer serves as the primary reflective unit, receiving and reflecting incident electromagnetic waves. The other metal layer acts as a ground plane, shielding and reflecting electromagnetic waves to prevent signal energy leakage. The two dielectric layers are located between the two metal layers, the entire reflective unit, and the control circuit, respectively. The metal feed line layer, situated at the bottom of the dielectric layers, provides a bias voltage to the PIN diode. The PIN diode is positioned on the surface metal resonant layer, forming a resonant circuit with the metal layers to control the reflective characteristics of the reflector. When an electromagnetic wave is incident on the smart reflector, the bias voltage of the PIN diode is changed to ensure the resonant circuit meets the resonance condition, generating electrical resonance to alter the phase between the smart reflector and the transmitted electromagnetic wave. This changes the propagation path of the electromagnetic wave within the reflector, ultimately reflecting the wave with the desired amplitude and phase. By superimposing the electromagnetic wave reflected by the reflector with the electromagnetic wave directly transmitted from the transmitter, the coverage area of ​​the communication system is expanded.

[0005] The control function of existing smart reflectors mainly relies on electrical resonance. Limited by the frequency response characteristics of the electrical resonance structure, the resonant circuit in the smart reflector can only generate effective electrical resonance and thus change the transmission characteristics of electromagnetic waves within a range very close to the natural frequency, resulting in a narrow operating frequency band. Furthermore, when obliquely incident electromagnetic waves enter the smart reflector, the electric and magnetic field directions of the electromagnetic waves are at an angle to the structural layout of the smart reflector. Relying solely on a single-frequency electrical resonance makes it difficult to effectively interact with and control this complex electromagnetic field distribution. Therefore, most existing smart reflectors can only control vertically incident electromagnetic waves and cannot improve the transmission characteristics of obliquely incident electromagnetic waves.

[0006] In summary, existing intelligent reflectors have problems such as narrow operating bandwidth, which cannot meet communication requirements, poor oblique incidence performance, and the inability to operate under normal electromagnetic wave incidence conditions, thus failing to control obliquely incident electromagnetic waves. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the problems of existing intelligent reflective surfaces having a narrow operating frequency band, which cannot meet communication requirements, and poor oblique incidence performance, which can only work under the condition of normal electromagnetic wave incidence and cannot control obliquely incident electromagnetic waves.

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a wideband, wide-coverage intelligent reflector unit, comprising: The metal resonant layer, the first dielectric layer, the metal ground layer, the second dielectric layer, and the metal feed line layer are stacked sequentially from top to bottom with their center points coinciding; wherein, the center point serves as the center point of the broadband wide-coverage intelligent reflector unit; A PIN diode, the positive terminal of which is connected to the metal feed line layer, and the negative terminal of which is connected to the metal ground plane layer; Multiple magnetic resonance generating units are provided, each of which includes multiple grounding metal vias, each of which penetrates the metal resonant layer, the first dielectric layer, and the metal ground layer; wherein the multiple magnetic resonance generating units are centrally symmetrical about the center point of the broadband wide-coverage intelligent reflection unit.

[0009] Preferably, the distance between the center point of each magnetic resonance generating unit and the center point of the broadband wide-coverage intelligent reflection unit is less than the distance between the magnetic resonance generating unit and the side of the broadband wide-coverage intelligent reflection unit.

[0010] Preferably, the number of magnetic resonance generating units is four; and / or The number of grounded metal vias in each magnetic resonance generating unit is 2 to 4; and / or The shape of the grounding metal through hole includes circular, rectangular, pentagonal, and hexagonal.

[0011] Preferably, the side length of the metal resonant layer is smaller than the side length of the first dielectric layer.

[0012] Preferably, it further includes: Two equivalent metal walls are respectively disposed on the two sides of the first dielectric layer with the same direction of electromagnetic wave polarization. Each of the equivalent metal walls includes multiple connected grounding metal pillars, and the grounding metal pillars penetrate the first dielectric layer and the metal floor layer. The width of each of the equivalent metal walls is less than half the difference between the side length of the metal resonant layer and the side length of the first dielectric layer.

[0013] Preferably, the plurality of grounded metal posts in each of the equivalent metal walls are uniformly arranged on the side of the first dielectric layer; and / or The number of grounded metal posts in each of the equivalent metal walls is 3 to 6; and / or The shape of the grounding metal post includes a cylindrical post and a square post.

[0014] Preferably, the metal resonant layer includes two electrically resonant metal patches, which are symmetrically arranged about the center point of the broadband wide-coverage intelligent reflective unit; The PIN diode is disposed on the surface of the metal resonant layer near the first dielectric layer, with its positive terminal connected to one electrically resonant metal patch and its negative terminal connected to another electrically resonant metal patch.

[0015] Preferably, the positive terminal of the PIN diode is connected to the metal feed line layer through a metal via.

[0016] Preferably, the side length of the wideband, wide-coverage intelligent reflective unit is 26mm; The thickness of the wideband, wide-coverage intelligent reflective unit is 5.954 mm; The copper coating thickness on the surface of the metal resonant layer is 0.018 mm; The grounding metal through hole is circular in shape with a radius of 0.8 mm; The metal resonant layer, the metal ground layer, and the metal feed line layer are all made of copper; Both the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are epoxy fiberglass boards.

[0017] The present invention also provides a wideband wide-coverage intelligent reflector, which is obtained by arranging multiple of the above-mentioned wideband wide-coverage intelligent reflector units in an array.

[0018] The wideband, wide-coverage intelligent reflector unit provided by this invention comprises a metal resonant layer, a first dielectric layer, a metal ground plane layer, a second dielectric layer, a metal feed line layer, a PIN diode, and multiple magnetic resonance generating units arranged symmetrically about the center point of the intelligent reflector unit. Each magnetic resonance generating unit includes multiple grounded metal vias, each of which penetrates the metal resonant layer, the first dielectric layer, and the metal ground plane layer. Based on the principle of electromagnetic coupling, when an electromagnetic wave enters the intelligent reflector unit, the bias voltage of the PIN diode is changed to make the resonant circuit composed of the metal resonant layer and the PIN diode meet the resonance condition, thereby generating an electrical resonance. Since the grounded metal via is similar to a coil, when the electrical resonance occurs, the current flowing through the grounded metal via generates a magnetic field around the via. Simultaneously, because the grounded metal via penetrates the metal ground plane layer... The structure consists of a resonant layer, a first dielectric layer, and a metal ground layer. Changes in the electric field around the grounded metal via cause a magnetic field to be generated around the via along the axial direction of the via. This magnetic field then couples and strengthens between the metal resonant layer, the first dielectric layer, and the metal ground layer, thus forming a magnetic resonance within the intelligent reflective unit. Since each resonance has a corresponding frequency range, the intelligent reflective unit can effectively control the phase of the electromagnetic wave within this frequency range. Therefore, by simultaneously exciting electric and magnetic resonances in the same resonant structure, the phase control frequency range of the intelligent reflective unit is effectively broadened. At the same time, the simultaneous generation of electric and magnetic resonances enhances the electromagnetic coupling of the intelligent reflective unit, which can effectively capture the electric and magnetic field components in the incident electromagnetic wave signal, thereby enabling effective interaction and control of the electromagnetic field distribution of obliquely incident electromagnetic waves. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the broadband, wide-coverage intelligent reflector unit provided in this application; Figure 2 A front view of the broadband, wide-coverage intelligent reflector unit provided in this application; Figure 3 A side view of the broadband, wide-coverage intelligent reflector unit provided in this application; Figure 4 Bottom view of the broadband wide-coverage intelligent reflector unit provided in this application; Figure 5 A schematic cross-sectional view of the metal floor layer of the broadband wide-coverage intelligent reflective unit provided in this application; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the electromagnetic response characteristics of a broadband, wide-coverage intelligent reflector unit provided in an embodiment of this application under normal incidence conditions; Figure 7This application provides a schematic diagram illustrating the performance of a broadband, wide-coverage intelligent reflector unit under different oblique incidence conditions; wherein, Figure 7 (a) in the diagram shows the reflection amplitude under different oblique incidence conditions. Figure 7 (b) in the diagram is a schematic diagram of the reflection phase under different oblique incidence conditions; Figure 8 A broadband simulation diagram of the wide-band coverage smart reflector provided in this application at a deflection beam angle of 11°. Figure 9 A broadband simulation diagram of the wide-band coverage smart reflector provided in this application at a beam deflection angle of 24°. Figure 10 A broadband simulation diagram of the wide-band coverage smart reflector provided in this application at a deflection beam angle of 11° and an incident angle of 20°. Explanation of reference numerals in the accompanying drawings: 1. Metal resonant layer; 11. Electrically resonant metal patch; 2. First dielectric layer; 3. Metal ground plane layer; 4. Second dielectric layer; 5. Metal feed line layer; 6. PIN diode; 7. Magnetic resonance generating unit; 71. Grounding metal via; 8. Equivalent metal wall; 81. Grounding metal post; 9. Metal via. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention. However, the embodiments described are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0021] Please see Figures 1-5 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the broadband, wide-coverage intelligent reflector unit provided in this application. Figure 2 A front view of a wide-bandwidth, wide-coverage intelligent reflector unit. Figure 3 A side view of a wide-bandwidth, wide-coverage intelligent reflector unit. Figure 4 A bottom view of a wide-bandwidth, wide-coverage intelligent reflector unit. Figure 5 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the metal ground plane of a wide-bandwidth, wide-coverage intelligent reflective unit; the intelligent reflective unit includes: a metal resonant layer 1, a first dielectric layer 2, a metal ground plane 3, a second dielectric layer 4, a metal feed line layer 5, a PIN diode 6, and multiple magnetic resonance generating units 7.

[0022] The metal resonant layer 1, the first dielectric layer 2, the metal ground layer 3, the second dielectric layer 4, and the metal feed line layer 5 are stacked sequentially from top to bottom, and the center point of each layer coincides. This center point serves as the center point of the broadband wide-coverage intelligent reflector unit.

[0023] The positive terminal of PIN diode 6 is connected to the metal feed line layer 5, and the negative terminal of PIN diode 6 is connected to the metal ground plane layer 3.

[0024] Multiple magnetic resonance generating units 7 are symmetrically arranged about the center point of the wide-bandwidth, wide-coverage intelligent reflection unit. Each magnetic resonance generating unit 7 includes multiple grounding metal through holes 71, and each grounding metal through hole 71 penetrates the metal resonant layer 1, the first dielectric layer 2 and the metal ground layer 3.

[0025] The wideband, wide-coverage intelligent reflector unit provided by this invention comprises a metal resonant layer, a first dielectric layer, a metal ground plane layer, a second dielectric layer, a metal feed line layer, a PIN diode, and multiple magnetic resonance generating units arranged symmetrically about the center point of the intelligent reflector unit. Each magnetic resonance generating unit includes multiple grounded metal vias, each of which penetrates the metal resonant layer, the first dielectric layer, and the metal ground plane layer. Based on the principle of electromagnetic coupling, when an electromagnetic wave enters the intelligent reflector unit, the bias voltage of the PIN diode is changed so that the resonant circuit composed of the metal resonant layer and the PIN diode satisfies the resonance condition, thereby generating electrical resonance. Since the grounded metal via is similar to a coil, when the electrical resonance... When the vibration occurs, the current flowing through the grounded metal via generates a magnetic field around the via. Simultaneously, since the grounded metal via penetrates the metal resonant layer, the first dielectric layer, and the metal ground layer, the change in the electric field around the grounded metal via causes the magnetic field around the via to be generated along the axial direction of the via. This causes the magnetic field to couple and amplify between the metal resonant layer, the first dielectric layer, and the metal ground layer, thereby forming a magnetic resonance within the intelligent reflection unit. Since each resonance has a corresponding frequency range, the intelligent reflection unit can effectively control the phase of the electromagnetic wave within this frequency range. Therefore, by simultaneously exciting electric resonance and magnetic resonance in the same resonant structure, the phase control frequency band range of the intelligent reflection unit is effectively broadened.

[0026] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the distance between each magnetic resonance generating unit 7 and the center point of the broadband wide-coverage intelligent reflection unit is less than the distance between the magnetic resonance generating unit 7 and the side of the broadband wide-coverage intelligent reflection unit.

[0027] In this application, the magnetic resonance generating unit 7 is positioned near the center point of the intelligent reflection unit, which optimizes the current path. When the electromagnetic signal induces a current in the intelligent reflection unit, the current flows to the magnetic resonance generating unit through the shortest path, reducing the generation of ground inductance, thereby reducing signal attenuation and reflection loss, and improving signal transmission efficiency. At the same time, the central region of the intelligent reflection unit is a location where electromagnetic signal interaction is relatively complex. Positioning the magnetic resonance generating unit 7 near the center point can better control the electric and magnetic field distribution in the central region, improve the accuracy and directionality of the reflected signal, and enable the intelligent reflection unit to reflect the signal to the target direction more accurately.

[0028] Furthermore, the number of magnetic resonance generating units 7 is 4; and / or, the number of grounding metal through holes 71 in each magnetic resonance generating unit 7 is 2 to 4; and / or, the shape of the grounding metal through holes 71 can be circular, rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, etc.

[0029] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, by setting four magnetic resonance generating units 7 with the center point of the intelligent reflection unit as the center of symmetry, a magnetic field loop can be effectively constructed, thereby guiding the magnetic field lines to form a suitable closed path, which is beneficial to enhancing the strength and stability of the magnetic resonance. At the same time, if the number of grounding metal vias 71 is too large, the electromagnetic coupling between the grounding metal vias will be too strong, affecting the frequency of the magnetic resonance. If the number of grounding metal vias 71 is too small, it may not be able to provide sufficient grounding path, thereby affecting the generation and maintenance of the magnetic resonance. Therefore, in this embodiment, by setting 2 to 4 grounding metal vias 71 in each magnetic resonance generating unit 7, the electromagnetic interaction between the grounding metal vias can be effectively controlled while ensuring sufficient grounding path.

[0030] Furthermore, the side length of the metal resonant layer 1 is smaller than the side length of the first dielectric layer 2.

[0031] When an electromagnetic signal acts on the intelligent reflection unit, the electric field intensity at the edge of the metal resonant layer 1 will be enhanced due to the edge effect. If the edge of the metal resonant layer 1 coincides with or is close to the edge of the first dielectric layer 2, this enhanced edge electric field will cause unnecessary coupling with the surrounding environment, leading to signal leakage or interference. However, when the side length of the metal resonant layer 1 is smaller than the side length of the first dielectric layer 2, the edge effect can be limited to the gap region between the first dielectric layer 2 and the metal resonant layer 1, enhancing the stability of the electromagnetic response of the unit structure when the electromagnetic wave is obliquely incident, and at the same time making the electromagnetic signal oscillate in a relatively small region, thereby improving the accuracy of signal reflection.

[0032] In one implementation, such as Figure 2As shown, the metal resonant layer 1 includes two electrically resonant metal patches 11, which are symmetrically arranged about the center point of the wideband wide coverage smart reflector unit. The PIN diode 6 is disposed on the surface of the metal resonant layer 1 near the first dielectric layer 2. Its positive terminal is connected to one electrically resonant metal patch, and its negative terminal is connected to another electrically resonant metal patch.

[0033] Furthermore, the positive terminal of the PIN diode 6 is connected to the metal feed line layer 5 through the metal via 9.

[0034] Optionally, the shape of the electrically resonant metal patch 11 can be rectangular, circular, pentagonal, hexagonal, etc.

[0035] The electromagnetic coupling effect can be enhanced by symmetrically arranged electric resonant metal patches 11, so that electromagnetic energy oscillates back and forth between the two electric resonant metal patches 11, thereby enhancing the resonance effect. Furthermore, the symmetrical result can avoid electromagnetic imbalance caused by a single electric resonant metal patch 11, reducing signal distortion.

[0036] Furthermore, as a specific example of this application, the side length of the broadband wide-coverage smart reflective unit is 26mm; The thickness of the wide-bandwidth, wide-coverage intelligent reflective unit is 5.954mm; The copper thickness on the surface of the metal resonant layer 1 is 0.018 mm; The grounding metal through-hole 71 is circular in shape with a radius of 0.8 mm; The materials of the metal resonant layer 1, the metal ground layer 3, and the metal feed line layer 5 are all copper. The first dielectric layer 2 and the second dielectric layer 4 are both epoxy fiberglass boards; the dielectric constant of the epoxy fiberglass board is 4.3 and its loss is 0.02.

[0037] The relative center frequency thickness of the wide-bandwidth, wide-coverage intelligent reflective unit provided in the above embodiments is only 0.083λ. When the bias voltage of the PIN diode 6 is changed, causing the PIN diode 6 to switch between the on and off states, the reflection phase of the intelligent reflective unit switches between 0° and 180° while the reflection amplitude remains unchanged, thereby achieving 1-bit phase modulation. Figure 6 The diagram shows the electromagnetic response characteristics of this wide-bandwidth, wide-coverage intelligent reflector unit. Figure 6 As can be seen from the above embodiments, the intelligent reflection unit provided can have a reflection amplitude of close to 0.95 and a 1-bit phase modulation capability in the 3.3 GHz to 5.5 GHz frequency band. This shows that by designing the magnetic resonance generation unit 7 and using the grounded metal through-hole 71 to connect the metal resonant layer 1 and the metal ground layer 3, this application effectively expands the phase modulation bandwidth of the intelligent reflection unit.

[0038] When multiple smart reflective units form a smart reflective surface, electromagnetic coupling will occur between adjacent smart reflective units. This will not only affect the resonant frequency and bandwidth of the smart reflective surface, but also cause signal crosstalk and affect the accuracy of signal transmission. Therefore, in order to weaken the electromagnetic coupling problem between adjacent units, this application introduces an equivalent metal wall 8 in the smart reflective unit.

[0039] Specifically, such as Figure 2 and 3 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the wideband, wide-coverage smart reflective unit further includes two equivalent metal walls 8.

[0040] Two equivalent metal walls 8 are respectively disposed on the two sides of the first dielectric layer 2 with the same polarization direction of electromagnetic waves. Each equivalent metal wall 8 includes multiple connected grounding metal pillars 81, and the grounding metal pillars 81 penetrate the first dielectric layer 2 and the metal floor layer 3.

[0041] In this case, the width of each equivalent metal wall 8 is less than half the difference between the side length of the metal resonant layer 1 and the side length of the first dielectric layer 2.

[0042] Furthermore, the plurality of grounding metal posts 81 in each equivalent metal wall 8 are evenly arranged on the side of the first dielectric layer 2; and / or, the number of grounding metal posts 81 in each equivalent metal wall 8 is 3 to 6; and / or, the shape of the grounding metal posts 81 includes cylindrical, square, etc.

[0043] In this application, the electromagnetic shielding capability of the intelligent reflective unit is enhanced by introducing an equivalent metal wall 8. The multiple grounded metal pillars 81 in the equivalent metal wall 8 can not only reflect and absorb external electromagnetic interference, prevent interference signals from entering the interior of the intelligent reflective unit, control and guide the direction of electromagnetic coupling, and reduce the electromagnetic coupling phenomenon between adjacent intelligent reflective units, but also reflect obliquely incident electromagnetic waves to a direction more conducive to signal processing or transmission when they strike the equivalent metal wall 8, thereby enhancing the oblique incident performance of the intelligent reflective unit.

[0044] like Figure 7 The diagram shows the performance of the broadband, wide-coverage smart reflector unit with an equivalent metal wall 8 provided in the above embodiment under different oblique incidence conditions; wherein, Figure 7 (a) in the diagram shows the reflection amplitude under different oblique incidence conditions. Figure 7 (b) in the diagram shows the reflection phase under different oblique incidence conditions. Figure 7As can be seen, when the incident angle of electromagnetic waves is within ±60°, the reflection amplitude of the intelligent reflection unit remains almost unchanged. The reflection phase difference between the on and off states of PIN diode 6 remains at about 180° in the frequency band of 3.3 GHz to 5.0 GHz. Through the above electromagnetic simulation analysis, it is verified that the intelligent reflection unit has stable oblique incidence performance by designing the equivalent metal wall 8.

[0045] Based on the wideband wide coverage smart reflector provided in the above embodiments, this application embodiment also provides a wideband wide coverage smart reflector surface, which is obtained by arranging multiple of the above-mentioned wideband wide coverage smart reflector units in an array.

[0046] This application embodiment also obtains an intelligent reflective surface based on the intelligent reflective unit provided in the above embodiment, and verifies its electromagnetic beam control capability through simulation.

[0047] Specifically, in this embodiment, the aforementioned intelligent reflective units are arranged in a 15*15 matrix to obtain an intelligent reflective surface. According to the principle of antenna array, the phase arrangement matrix required for different beam deflection angles is calculated at the center frequency of 4.2 GHz, and discretized into a 1-bit encoding matrix, where encoding "0" represents that the reflection phase of the intelligent reflective unit is 0°, and encoding "1" represents that the reflection phase of the intelligent reflective unit is 180°.

[0048] Taking beam deflection angles of 11° and 24° at 4.2 GHz as examples, the coding matrix of the smart reflector is calculated, and electromagnetic simulations are performed on the smart reflector under different coding controls. Figure 8 The image shows a broadband simulation diagram of the intelligent reflector with a beam deflection angle of 11°. Figure 9 The image shows a broadband simulation diagram of the intelligent reflector with a beam deflection angle of 24°. Figure 8 and Figure 9 As can be seen, the smart reflector has good beam control capability in the frequency range of 3.4 GHz to 5.0 GHz, and can generate symmetrical dual beams with high energy intensity. Due to the dispersion effect, the beam deflection angle changes slightly with frequency. The beam deflection angle at 4.2 GHz is 12°, which is almost consistent with the theoretically calculated deflection angle, indicating that the smart reflector provided in this application still has good beam control capability under oblique incidence conditions.

[0049] like Figure 10 The image shown is a broadband simulation diagram of the intelligent reflector provided in the above embodiment with a beam deflection angle of 11° and an incident angle of 20°. Figure 10As can be seen, when the incident angle is +20° and the theoretically calculated deflection angle of the coding matrix is ​​11°, the intelligent reflector generates symmetrical dual beams with +20° as the center angle. The trend of the deflection angle change under the dispersion effect is consistent with the trend under the normal incident condition, indicating that the intelligent reflector provided in this application can effectively control the reflected beam angle under both normal and oblique incident conditions. Moreover, under the action of the external bias voltage, it can change the coding matrix and change the beam deflection angle according to human needs. Therefore, the wide-bandwidth and wide-coverage intelligent reflector provided in this application can effectively reconstruct the wireless channel in the actual communication environment, and can play a role in electromagnetic waves with a wide range of incident angles and different communication frequency bands, further enhancing the robustness of the communication system and improving the frequency utilization of the wireless communication system.

[0050] The intelligent reflective unit and intelligent reflective surface provided in this application can cover three main frequency bands: N77 (3.3 GHz~4.2 GHz), N78 (3.3 GHz~3.87 GHz), and N79 (4.4 GHz~5.0 GHz). At the same time, it also has good oblique incidence performance and has a good control effect on electromagnetic wave signals within a ±60° incidence range, thus improving the problem of narrow incidence angle of intelligent reflective surface.

[0051] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A broadband, wide-coverage intelligent reflective unit, characterized in that, include: The following layers are stacked sequentially from top to bottom, with their center points coinciding: a metal resonant layer, a first dielectric layer, a metal ground layer, a second dielectric layer, and a metal feed line layer; wherein the center point serves as the center point of the broadband wide-coverage intelligent reflector unit; the metal resonant layer includes two electrically resonant metal patches, which are symmetrically arranged about the center point of the broadband wide-coverage intelligent reflector unit. A PIN diode is disposed on the surface of the metal resonant layer near the first dielectric layer. Its positive terminal is connected to one electrically resonant metal patch, and its negative terminal is connected to another electrically resonant metal patch. The positive terminal of the PIN diode is connected to the metal feed line layer through a metal via. Multiple magnetic resonance generating units are provided, each including multiple grounding metal vias, each of which penetrates the metal resonant layer, the first dielectric layer, and the metal ground plane layer. The multiple magnetic resonance generating units are centrally symmetrical about the center point of the broadband wide-coverage intelligent reflective unit, and the distance between each magnetic resonance generating unit and the center point of the broadband wide-coverage intelligent reflective unit is less than the distance between the magnetic resonance generating unit and the side of the broadband wide-coverage intelligent reflective unit. The negative terminal of the PIN diode is connected to the metal ground plane layer through a grounding metal via on another electrically resonant metal patch. The number of magnetic resonance generating units is 4; the number of grounding metal through holes in each magnetic resonance generating unit is 2 to 4.

2. The wideband, wide-coverage intelligent reflector unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grounding metal through hole can be circular, rectangular, pentagonal, or hexagonal.

3. The broadband wide-coverage intelligent reflector unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side length of the metal resonant layer is smaller than the side length of the first dielectric layer.

4. The wideband, wide-coverage intelligent reflector unit according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: Two equivalent metal walls are respectively disposed on the two sides of the first dielectric layer with the same direction of electromagnetic wave polarization. Each of the equivalent metal walls includes multiple connected grounding metal pillars, and the grounding metal pillars penetrate the first dielectric layer and the metal floor layer. The width of each of the equivalent metal walls is less than half the difference between the side length of the metal resonant layer and the side length of the first dielectric layer.

5. The wideband, wide-coverage intelligent reflector unit according to claim 4, characterized in that, Multiple grounded metal posts in each of the equivalent metal walls are evenly arranged on the side of the first dielectric layer; and / or The number of grounded metal posts in each of the equivalent metal walls is 3 to 6; and / or The grounding metal post is cylindrical or square in shape.

6. The broadband wide-coverage intelligent reflector unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side length of the wideband, wide-coverage intelligent reflective unit is 26mm; The thickness of the wideband, wide-coverage intelligent reflective unit is 5.954 mm; The copper coating thickness on the surface of the metal resonant layer is 0.018 mm; The grounding metal through hole is circular in shape with a radius of 0.8 mm; The metal resonant layer, the metal ground layer, and the metal feed line layer are all made of copper; Both the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are epoxy fiberglass boards.

7. A broadband, wide-coverage intelligent reflective surface, characterized in that, The wideband wide-coverage intelligent reflector is obtained by arranging multiple wideband wide-coverage intelligent reflector units as described in any one of claims 1-6 in an array.

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