Method, device and electronic equipment for determining spatial distribution characteristics of strata

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of stratum space distribution characteristics determination method, device and electronic equipment, it is related to the technical field of seismic exploration, comprising: obtaining the single-shot seismic data of target exploration area, shot point and the position data of each geophone, and from single-shot seismic data, pick up the non-zero offset travel time of target stratum;Based on the law of seismic reflection and non-zero offset travel time, the position data of virtual seismic source point is calculated;Based on the position data of virtual seismic source point and shot point, the dip angle, azimuth and stratum plane expression of target stratum are determined;Based on the position data of virtual seismic source point, the position data of each geophone and stratum plane expression, the imaging point position set on target stratum is determined, and then the imaging result of target stratum is determined;The dip angle, azimuth and imaging result of target stratum are used as the space distribution characteristics of target stratum.Effectively alleviate the technical problems of low accuracy, long construction period and high cost existed in the existing stratum space distribution characteristics determination method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seismic exploration technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, and electronic device for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of strata. Background Technology

[0002] Seismic exploration is an effective geophysical method commonly used for exposing subsurface strata and probing structures, comprising three steps: acquisition, processing, and interpretation. However, the design of seismic acquisition and observation systems requires reference to the spatial distribution of the target strata. For example, offset distances are related to the depth of the target strata, and the direction of the survey lines is related to the strike of the strata. Therefore, determining the spatial distribution characteristics of the strata is extremely important. Traditional methods for predicting the spatial distribution characteristics of strata based on geological outcrops may result in discrepancies between the predicted and actual subsurface distributions, meaning the accuracy of the predictions is difficult to guarantee. Furthermore, this method is difficult to apply to strata without outcrops, especially mid-to-deep strata. On the other hand, prediction methods based on well logging and 3D seismic imaging require the acquisition of large amounts of shot-gathered seismic data and undergo complex and complete seismic data processing, resulting in long construction cycles and high costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method, apparatus, and electronic device for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of stratigraphy, so as to alleviate the technical problems of low accuracy, long construction period, and high cost of existing methods for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of stratigraphy.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of strata, comprising: acquiring single-shot seismic data of a target exploration area, location data of shot points, and location data of each geophone point, and extracting the non-zero offset travel time of the target stratum from the single-shot seismic data; wherein, the target stratum represents any stratum in the underground space of the target exploration area; calculating the location data of the virtual source point based on the seismic reflection law and the non-zero offset travel time; wherein, the virtual source point represents the mirror image point of the shot point with respect to the target stratum; determining the dip angle, azimuth angle, and stratum plane expression of the target stratum based on the location data of the virtual source point and the location data of the shot point; determining the set of imaging point locations on the target stratum based on the location data of the virtual source point, the location data of each geophone point, and the stratum plane expression of the target stratum; determining the imaging result of the target stratum based on the single-shot seismic data, the non-zero offset travel time of the target stratum, and the set of imaging point locations; and using the dip angle, azimuth angle, and imaging result of the target stratum as the spatial distribution characteristics of the target stratum.

[0005] Optionally, based on the seismic reflection law and non-zero offset travel time, the location data of the virtual seismic source point are calculated, including: constructing a target relationship based on the seismic P-wave velocity and the distance between the receiver point and the virtual seismic source point according to the seismic reflection law; and determining the location data of the virtual seismic source point based on the target relationship and non-zero offset travel time.

[0006] Optionally, based on the location data of the virtual seismic source point and the shot point, the dip angle, azimuth angle, and stratigraphic plane expression of the target stratum are determined, including: calculating the location data of the midpoint between the virtual seismic source point and the shot point and the direction vector of the line connecting them; calculating the dip angle and azimuth angle of the target stratum based on the direction vector; determining the normal vector of the target stratum based on the dip angle and azimuth angle; and determining the stratigraphic plane expression of the target stratum based on the normal vector of the target stratum and the location data of the midpoint between the virtual seismic source point and the shot point.

[0007] Optionally, based on the location data of the virtual source point, the location data of each receiver point, and the stratigraphic plane expression of the target stratum, the set of imaging point locations on the target stratum is determined, including: determining the equation of the line connecting the virtual source point and the target receiver point based on the location data of the virtual source point and the location data of the target receiver point; wherein, the target receiver point represents any receiver point in the target exploration area; calculating the imaging location data corresponding to the seismic record sample points of the target stratum in the seismic data recorded by the target receiver point based on the stratigraphic plane expression and the line equation; and constructing the set of imaging point locations on the target stratum based on the set of imaging location data corresponding to the seismic record sample points of the target stratum in the seismic data recorded by all receiver points.

[0008] Optionally, the dip angle of the target stratum is expressed as: The azimuth of the target stratum is expressed as: Among them, (x s y s (x, 0) represents the position data of the shot point, (x v y v , z v ) represents the location data of the virtual seismic source point.

[0009] Secondly, the present invention provides an apparatus for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of strata, comprising: an acquisition and picking module, used to acquire single-shot seismic data, shot point location data, and location data of each geophone in a target exploration area, and to pick out the non-zero offset travel time of the target stratum from the single-shot seismic data; wherein the target stratum represents any stratum in the underground space of the target exploration area; a calculation module, used to calculate the location data of the virtual source point based on the seismic reflection law and the non-zero offset travel time; wherein the virtual source point represents the mirror image point of the shot point with respect to the target stratum; and a first determination module, used to determine based on... The first module uses the location data of the virtual seismic source and the shot point to determine the dip angle, azimuth angle, and stratigraphic plane expression of the target stratum; the second module determines the set of imaging point locations on the target stratum based on the location data of the virtual seismic source, the location data of each receiver point, and the stratigraphic plane expression of the target stratum; the third module determines the imaging result of the target stratum based on single-shot seismic data, the non-zero offset travel time of the target stratum, and the set of imaging point locations; the fourth module uses the dip angle, azimuth angle, and imaging result of the target stratum as the spatial distribution characteristics of the target stratum.

[0010] Optionally, the calculation module is specifically used to: construct a target relationship for calculating non-zero offset travel time based on the seismic reflection law and the distance between the seismic P-wave velocity and the receiver point and the virtual source point; and determine the location data of the virtual source point based on the target relationship and the non-zero offset travel time.

[0011] Optionally, the first determining module is specifically used for: calculating the position data of the midpoint between the virtual seismic source point and the shot point and the direction vector of the connecting line based on the position data of the virtual seismic source point and the shot point; calculating the dip angle and azimuth angle of the target stratum based on the direction vector; determining the normal vector of the target stratum based on the dip angle and azimuth angle of the target stratum; and determining the stratigraphic plane expression of the target stratum based on the normal vector of the target stratum and the position data of the midpoint between the virtual seismic source point and the shot point.

[0012] Thirdly, the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program that can run on the processor, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the method for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of the stratigraphy in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0013] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement a method for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of stratigraphy as described in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0014] The method for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of strata provided by this invention can be applied to predict the spatial distribution of strata with large dip angles. It only requires the analysis of single-shot seismic data of the target exploration area, without the need for traditional complex and time-consuming seismic data processing procedures. It can accurately predict the spatial distribution characteristics of the target strata and has the advantages of speed and low cost. This effectively alleviates the technical problems of low accuracy, long construction period and high cost of existing methods for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of strata. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of stratigraphy, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 A flowchart for determining the dip angle, azimuth angle, and formation plane expression of a target stratum based on the location data of the virtual seismic source point and the location data of the shot point, provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 A functional block diagram of a device for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of strata provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0021] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0022] The following detailed description of some embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of stratigraphy provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the method specifically includes the following steps:

[0025] Step S102: Obtain single-shot seismic data, shot point location data, and location data of each geophone in the target exploration area, and extract the non-zero offset travel time of the target strata from the single-shot seismic data.

[0026] The target stratum refers to any stratum in the underground space of the target exploration area.

[0027] When using the embodiments of the present invention to predict the spatial distribution characteristics of target strata in a target exploration area, it is first necessary to determine the location data (x, y, y) of the shot points within the target exploration area. s y s ,0) and the location data of each detector point (x r ,y r The system acquires single-shot seismic data, which refers to a collection of seismic data generated by a single shot point on the Earth's surface and recorded by multiple receiver points. In this embodiment of the invention, single-shot seismic data can be represented as U(xr,yr,tr), where x... s Represents the coordinates of the shot point in the x-direction, y-direction... s The x-coordinate represents the position of the shot point in the y-direction. r Represents the coordinates of the detector point in the x-direction, y-direction... r This represents the coordinates of the receiver in the y-direction, while the coordinates of the shot point and all receivers in the z-direction are 0. t r Indicates the time of the earthquake record.

[0028] After acquiring single-shot seismic data, the seismic phase axis of each stratum in the subsurface space can be picked up by analyzing the amplitude changes of seismic waves in the single-shot seismic data. To predict the spatial distribution characteristics of the target stratum, the non-zero offset travel time of that stratum is picked up based on the seismic phase axis of the target stratum. Since the arrival time of seismic waves at different detectors is different, the non-zero offset travel time can be regarded as a function of the seismic record time and the location of the detector.

[0029] Step S104: Calculate the location data of the virtual seismic source point based on the seismic reflection law and the non-zero offset travel time.

[0030] Seismic waves are reflected when they encounter geological interfaces during propagation, forming reflected waves. Therefore, reflected waves carry rich geological information and can be used to predict the spatial distribution characteristics of geological formations. According to the law of reflection, the reflected wave from the shot point to the target stratum and then to the receiver point (i.e., the geophone point) can be considered as propagating directly from a virtual source point to the receiver point, where the virtual source point represents the mirror image of the shot point with respect to the target stratum.

[0031] Therefore, the arrival time of seismic waves recorded at each geophone can be regarded as the time it takes for the seismic wave to travel from the virtual source point to that geophone. Based on this principle, a relationship between the propagation distance of the seismic wave and the travel time of the non-zero offset can be constructed. By combining the location data of the geophone, the above relationship can be solved to obtain the location data of the virtual source point.

[0032] Step S106: Based on the location data of the virtual seismic source point and the location data of the shot point, determine the dip angle, azimuth angle and formation plane expression of the target stratum.

[0033] As defined above regarding the virtual source point, the shot point and the virtual source point are symmetrical about the target stratum. That is, the line connecting the shot point and the virtual source point is perpendicular to the target stratum. Therefore, the normal vector of the target stratum can be expressed using their coordinates. In addition, the normal vector of the target stratum can also be expressed using the dip angle and azimuth angle of the target stratum. Thus, the dip angle and azimuth angle of the target stratum can be solved based on the expression of the normal vector, thereby determining the normal vector of the target stratum.

[0034] Since the shot point and the virtual source point are symmetrical about the target stratum, their midpoint must lie on the target stratum. The location of the midpoint can be calculated from the location data of these two points. Therefore, based on the normal vector of the stratum plane and the location data of a point on the stratum plane, the stratum plane expression of the target stratum can be constructed.

[0035] Step S108: Based on the location data of the virtual seismic source point, the location data of each detector point, and the stratigraphic plane expression of the target stratum, determine the set of imaging point locations on the target stratum.

[0036] Since the line connecting the receiver point and the virtual source point intersects the target stratum at the reflection point (i.e., the imaging point), after determining the stratigraphic plane expression of the target stratum, the positions of all imaging points on the target stratum can be determined by combining the location data of the virtual source point and the location data of each receiver point. Obviously, the number of imaging points on the target stratum is equal to the number of receiver points on the surface.

[0037] Step S110: Based on single-shot seismic data, the non-zero offset travel time of the target stratum, and the set of imaging point locations, determine the imaging results of the target stratum.

[0038] Based on the single-shot seismic data and the non-zero offset travel time of the target stratum, the seismic wave amplitude value corresponding to each imaging point on the target stratum can be determined. The seismic wave amplitude value is then assigned to the position of the corresponding imaging point on the target stratum, thus obtaining the imaging result of the target stratum.

[0039] Step S112: The dip angle, azimuth angle, and imaging results of the target strata are used as the spatial distribution characteristics of the target strata.

[0040] The method for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of strata provided in this invention can be applied to predicting the spatial distribution of strata with large dip angles. It only requires analysis of single-shot seismic data of the target exploration area, without the need for traditional complex and time-consuming seismic data processing procedures. It can accurately predict the spatial distribution characteristics of the target strata and has the advantages of speed and low cost. This effectively alleviates the technical problems of low accuracy, long construction period and high cost of existing methods for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of strata.

[0041] In an optional implementation, step S104 above, which calculates the location data of the virtual seismic source point based on the seismic reflection law and non-zero offset travel time, specifically includes the following steps:

[0042] Step S1041: Construct a target relationship for calculating the non-zero offset travel time based on the earthquake reflection law, using the earthquake P-wave velocity and the distance between the receiver point and the virtual source point.

[0043] Step S1042: Determine the location data of the virtual seismic source point based on the target relationship and the non-zero offset travel time.

[0044] According to the reflection law, the non-zero offset travel time of the target stratum can be considered as the time from the virtual seismic source point to the receiver point. Therefore, based on the principle that time equals distance divided by velocity, the target relationship for calculating the non-zero offset travel time can be obtained: Where t(x) r ,y r (x) represents the non-zero offset travel time of the target stratum. r ,y r (x, 0) represents the location data of the detector point, (x v y v , z v ) represents the location data of the virtual earthquake source point, and v represents the seismic P-wave velocity.

[0045] After obtaining the non-zero offset travel time of the target stratum, if the location of the receiver is determined, then the corresponding seismic recording time can be determined. In other words, after substituting a set of "receiver location data and corresponding seismic recording time" into the above target relational expression, four unknown parameters remain: {x} v y v , zv Therefore, if we substitute the four sets of "detector location data and corresponding seismic record time" into the target relation and then solve the simultaneous equations, we can obtain the location data (x) of the virtual seismic source point. v y v , z v ) and seismic P-wave velocity v.

[0046] The location data of the virtual seismic source point can also be calculated using the following method: First, take the partial derivative of the target relation to obtain... Multiplying both sides of equation (1) by t and taking the partial derivative again, we get... Obviously, after two partial derivatives, the seismic P-wave velocity v can be directly obtained. Next, by substituting the value of v and a set of "detector location data and corresponding seismic recording time" into the above equation (1), the two-dimensional coordinates (x, y) of the virtual source point in the x and y directions can be obtained. v y v ), Finally, the seismic P-wave velocity v, (x v y v By substituting a set of "detector location data and corresponding seismic record time" into the target formula, the coordinates z of the virtual seismic source point in the z-direction can be solved. v That is, the depth of the virtual seismic source point. In summary, the location data of the virtual seismic source point (x) can be obtained. v y v , z v ).

[0047] In one alternative implementation, such as Figure 2 As shown, step S106 above, based on the location data of the virtual seismic source point and the shot point, determines the dip angle, azimuth angle, and formation plane expression of the target stratum, specifically including the following steps:

[0048] Step S1061: Based on the location data of the virtual seismic source point and the location data of the shot point, calculate the location data of the midpoint between the virtual seismic source point and the shot point and the direction vector of the connecting line.

[0049] Step S1062: Calculate the dip angle and azimuth angle of the target stratum based on the direction vector.

[0050] Step S1063: Determine the normal vector of the target formation based on the dip angle and orientation angle of the target formation.

[0051] Step S1064: Based on the normal vector of the target stratum and the position data of the midpoint between the virtual seismic source point and the shot point, determine the stratigraphic plane expression of the target stratum.

[0052] Specifically, based on the location data of the virtual seismic source point and the shot point, the direction vector of the line connecting the virtual seismic source point and the shot point can be calculated: Since the line connecting the virtual seismic source point and the shot point is perpendicular to the target stratum, the direction vector of the connecting line is... normal vector of the target stratum Parallel, therefore, in, Let θ represent the dip angle of the target stratum (the angle between the normal vector and the z-direction), θ represent the azimuth angle of the target stratum (the angle between the horizontal projection of the normal vector and the x-direction), and k represent a constant. By solving this equation, the dip angle of the target stratum can be expressed as: The azimuth of the target stratum is expressed as: Among them, (x s y s (x, 0) represents the position data of the shot point, (x v y v , z v ) represents the location data of the virtual seismic source point.

[0053] After obtaining the dip angle of the target stratum After the direction angle θ, substitute the two angles mentioned above into the normal vector expression. The normal vector of the target stratum can then be obtained.

[0054] Furthermore, based on the location data of the virtual earthquake source point and the shot point, the location data (x0, y0, z0) of the midpoint between the virtual earthquake source point and the shot point can be calculated. Based on the symmetry between the shot point and the virtual source point with respect to the target stratum, the midpoint lies on the stratigraphic plane of the target stratum. Therefore, after determining the normal vector of the target stratum... After obtaining the coordinates (x0, y0, z0) of a point on the stratigraphic plane, the stratigraphic plane expression of the target stratum can be obtained: Ax + By + Cz + D = 0; where,

[0055] In an optional implementation, step S108 above, based on the location data of the virtual seismic source points, the location data of each receiver point, and the stratigraphic plane expression of the target stratum, determines the set of imaging point locations on the target stratum, specifically including the following steps:

[0056] Step S1081: Based on the location data of the virtual seismic source point and the location data of the target geophone, determine the equation of the line connecting the virtual seismic source point and the target geophone; where the target geophone represents any geophone in the target exploration area.

[0057] Step S1082: Based on the stratigraphic plane expression and the connection equation of the target stratum, calculate the imaging location data corresponding to the seismic record sample points of the target stratum in the seismic data recorded by the target receiver point.

[0058] Step S1083: Based on the set of imaging location data corresponding to the seismic record sample points of the target stratum in the seismic data recorded by all receiver points, construct a set of imaging point locations on the target stratum.

[0059] Specifically, in determining the location data of the virtual seismic source point (x v y v , z v ) and the location data of the target receiver point i (x r，i ,y r，i After ,0), the equation of the line connecting the virtual source point and the target receiver point i can be expressed as:

[0060]

[0061] The intersection of the line connecting the virtual source point and the target receiver point i with the target stratum is the seismic data U(x) recorded by the target receiver point i. r，i ,y r，i ,t r,i Seismic record sample U(x) of the target stratum r，i ,y r，i ,t r,i,j The corresponding imaging position, where t r,i,j This represents the non-zero offset travel time of the reflected wave from target stratum j recorded by target receiver point i.

[0062] Therefore, after knowing the equation of the line connecting the virtual seismic source point and the target receiver point, as well as the stratigraphic plane expression of the target stratum, the simultaneous equations are solved. The unique intersection point (x) can then be obtained. c ,y c ,z c That is, to obtain imaging position data. M is a constant. Therefore, the imaging point (x) on the target stratum c ,y c ,z c The imaging formula for ) can be expressed as I(x) c ,y c ,z c )=U(x r，i ,y r，i ,t r,i,j ), I(x) c ,y c ,z c () indicates the imaging result.

[0063] Following the above procedure, the imaging location data corresponding to the seismic record sample points of the target stratum in the seismic data recorded by each receiver point can be calculated. The set of all imaging location data is the set of imaging point locations on the target stratum.

[0064] In summary, this invention proposes a low-cost, rapid, and accurate method for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of stratigraphy based on virtual seismic source location, and can predict the corresponding P-wave velocity. This method can provide stratigraphic distribution information for seismic exploration acquisition design and provide accurate reservoir information for geologists.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] This invention also provides a device for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of strata. This device is mainly used to execute the method for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of strata provided in Embodiment 1 above. The following is a detailed description of the device for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of strata provided in this invention.

[0067] Figure 3 A functional block diagram of a device for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of strata provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the device mainly includes: an acquisition and pickup module 10, a calculation module 11, a first determination module 12, a second determination module 13, a third determination module 14, and a fourth determination module 15, wherein:

[0068] The acquisition and picking module 10 is used to acquire single-shot seismic data, shot point location data and each geophone location data of the target exploration area, and pick out the non-zero offset travel time of the target stratum from the single-shot seismic data; wherein, the target stratum refers to any stratum in the underground space of the target exploration area.

[0069] The calculation module 11 is used to calculate the location data of the virtual seismic source point based on the seismic reflection law and the non-zero offset travel time; where the virtual seismic source point represents the mirror image of the shot point with respect to the target stratum.

[0070] The first determining module 12 is used to determine the dip angle, azimuth angle and formation plane expression of the target stratum based on the location data of the virtual seismic source point and the location data of the shot point.

[0071] The second determining module 13 is used to determine the set of imaging point locations on the target stratum based on the location data of the virtual seismic source point, the location data of each detector point, and the stratigraphic plane expression of the target stratum.

[0072] The third determination module 14 is used to determine the imaging results of the target stratum based on single-shot seismic data, the non-zero offset travel time of the target stratum, and the set of imaging point locations.

[0073] The fourth determining module 15 is used to use the dip angle, azimuth angle and imaging results of the target strata as the spatial distribution characteristics of the target strata.

[0074] The device for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of strata provided in this invention is suitable for predicting the spatial distribution of strata with large dip angles. It only requires analysis of single-shot seismic data of the target exploration area, without the need for traditional complex and time-consuming seismic data processing procedures. It can accurately predict the spatial distribution characteristics of the target strata and has the advantages of speed and low cost. This effectively alleviates the technical problems of low accuracy, long construction period and high cost of existing methods for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of strata.

[0075] Optionally, the calculation module 11 is specifically used for:

[0076] Based on the law of seismic reflection, a target relationship is constructed to calculate the non-zero offset travel time based on the seismic P-wave velocity and the distance between the receiver point and the virtual source point.

[0077] Based on the target relationship and non-zero offset travel time, the location data of the virtual seismic source point are determined.

[0078] Optionally, the first determining module 12 is specifically used for:

[0079] Based on the location data of the virtual source point and the shot point, the location data of the midpoint between the virtual source point and the shot point and the direction vector of the connecting line are calculated.

[0080] The dip angle and azimuth angle of the target stratum are calculated based on the direction vector.

[0081] The normal vector of the target stratum is determined based on its dip and orientation angles.

[0082] Based on the normal vector of the target stratum and the position data of the midpoint between the virtual seismic source point and the shot point, the stratigraphic plane expression of the target stratum is determined.

[0083] Optionally, the second determining module 13 is specifically used for:

[0084] Based on the location data of the virtual seismic source point and the location data of the target geophone point, the equation of the line connecting the virtual seismic source point and the target geophone point is determined; where the target geophone point represents any geophone point in the target exploration area.

[0085] Based on the stratigraphic plane expression and the connecting equation of the target stratum, the imaging location data corresponding to the seismic record sample points of the target stratum in the seismic data recorded by the target receiver point are calculated.

[0086] Based on the set of imaging location data corresponding to the seismic record samples of the target stratum in the seismic data recorded by all receiver points, a set of imaging point locations on the target stratum is constructed.

[0087] Optionally, the dip angle of the target stratum is expressed as: The azimuth of the target stratum is expressed as: Among them, (x sy s (x, 0) represents the position data of the shot point, (x v y v , z v ) represents the location data of the virtual seismic source point.

[0088] Example 3

[0089] See Figure 4 This invention provides an electronic device, which includes a processor 60, a memory 61, a bus 62, and a communication interface 63. The processor 60, the communication interface 63, and the memory 61 are connected via the bus 62. The processor 60 is used to execute executable modules, such as computer programs, stored in the memory 61.

[0090] The memory 61 may include high-speed random access memory (RAM) or non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device. Communication between this system network element and at least one other network element is achieved through at least one communication interface 63 (which can be wired or wireless), such as the Internet, wide area network, local area network, metropolitan area network, etc.

[0091] Bus 62 can be an ISA bus, PCI bus, or EISA bus, etc. Buses can be divided into address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 4 The symbol is represented by a single double-headed arrow, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0092] The memory 61 is used to store the program. After receiving the execution instruction, the processor 60 executes the program. The method executed by the apparatus defined by the process disclosed in any of the foregoing embodiments of the present invention can be applied to the processor 60 or implemented by the processor 60.

[0093] Processor 60 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In implementation, each step of the above method can be completed by the integrated logic circuitry in the hardware of processor 60 or by instructions in software form. Processor 60 can be a general-purpose processor, including a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), etc.; it can also be a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this invention. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this invention can be directly embodied in the execution of a hardware decoding processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules can reside in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. The storage medium is located in memory 61. Processor 60 reads the information in memory 61 and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method.

[0094] The computer program product of the method, apparatus and electronic device for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of strata provided in the embodiments of the present invention includes a computer-readable storage medium storing non-volatile program code executable by a processor. The instructions included in the program code can be used to execute the methods in the preceding method embodiments. For specific implementation, please refer to the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0095] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0096] If the functionality is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a processor-executable, non-volatile, computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0097] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0098] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this invention is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0099] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "sag" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0100] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0101] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of stratigraphy, characterized in that, include: Acquire single-shot seismic data, shot point location data, and geophone location data of the target exploration area, and extract the non-zero offset travel time of the target strata from the single-shot seismic data; wherein, the target strata represent any stratum in the underground space of the target exploration area; Based on the seismic reflection law and the non-zero offset travel time, the location data of the virtual seismic source point are calculated; wherein, the virtual seismic source point represents the mirror image point of the shot point with respect to the target stratum; Based on the location data of the virtual seismic source point and the location data of the shot point, the dip angle, azimuth angle and formation plane expression of the target stratum are determined; Based on the location data of the virtual seismic source points, the location data of each detector point, and the stratigraphic plane expression of the target stratum, the set of imaging point locations on the target stratum is determined; Based on the single-shot seismic data, the non-zero offset travel time of the target stratum, and the set of imaging point locations, the imaging result of the target stratum is determined; The dip angle, azimuth angle, and imaging results of the target stratum are used as the spatial distribution characteristics of the target stratum.

2. The method for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of stratigraphy according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the seismic reflection law and the aforementioned non-zero offset travel time, the location data of the virtual earthquake source point are calculated, including: Based on the law of seismic reflection, a target relationship is constructed to calculate the non-zero offset travel time based on the seismic P-wave velocity and the distance between the receiver point and the virtual seismic source point; Based on the target relationship and the non-zero offset travel time, the location data of the virtual seismic source point is determined.

3. The method for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of stratigraphy according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the location data of the virtual seismic source point and the location data of the shot point, the dip angle, azimuth angle, and formation plane expression of the target stratum are determined, including: Based on the location data of the virtual seismic source point and the location data of the shot point, calculate the location data of the midpoint between the virtual seismic source point and the shot point and the direction vector of the connecting line; Calculate the dip angle and azimuth angle of the target stratum based on the direction vector; Based on the dip angle and orientation angle of the target stratum, determine the normal vector of the target stratum; Based on the normal vector of the target stratum and the position data of the midpoint between the virtual seismic source point and the shot point, the stratigraphic plane expression of the target stratum is determined.

4. The method for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of stratigraphy according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the location data of the virtual seismic source point, the location data of each receiver point, and the stratigraphic plane expression of the target stratum, a set of imaging point locations on the target stratum is determined, including: Based on the location data of the virtual seismic source point and the location data of the target geophone point, the equation of the line connecting the virtual seismic source point and the target geophone point is determined; wherein, the target geophone point represents any geophone point in the target exploration area; Based on the stratigraphic plane expression of the target stratum and the connecting equation, the imaging location data corresponding to the seismic recording sample points of the target stratum in the seismic data recorded by the target receiver point are calculated; Based on the set of imaging location data corresponding to the seismic record sample points of the target stratum in the seismic data recorded by all receiver points, a set of imaging point locations on the target stratum is constructed.

5. The method for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of stratigraphy according to claim 3, characterized in that, The dip angle of the target stratum is expressed as: The azimuth angle of the target stratum is expressed as follows: Among them, (x s y s (x, 0) represents the position data of the shot point, (x v y v , z v ) represents the location data of the virtual seismic source point.

6. A device for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of stratigraphy, characterized in that, include: The acquisition and picking module is used to acquire single-shot seismic data, shot point location data, and location data of each geophone in the target exploration area, and pick out the non-zero offset travel time of the target stratum from the single-shot seismic data; wherein, the target stratum refers to any stratum in the underground space of the target exploration area; The calculation module is used to calculate the location data of the virtual seismic source point based on the seismic reflection law and the non-zero offset travel time; wherein, the virtual seismic source point represents the mirror image point of the shot point with respect to the target stratum; The first determining module is used to determine the dip angle, azimuth angle and formation plane expression of the target stratum based on the location data of the virtual seismic source point and the location data of the shot point; The second determining module is used to determine the set of imaging point locations on the target stratum based on the location data of the virtual seismic source point, the location data of each detector point, and the stratigraphic plane expression of the target stratum. The third determining module is used to determine the imaging result of the target stratum based on the single-shot seismic data, the non-zero offset travel time of the target stratum, and the set of imaging point locations; The fourth determining module is used to use the dip angle, azimuth angle and imaging results of the target stratum as the spatial distribution characteristics of the target stratum.

7. The apparatus for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of stratigraphy according to claim 6, characterized in that, The calculation module is specifically used for: Based on the law of seismic reflection, a target relationship is constructed to calculate the non-zero offset travel time based on the seismic P-wave velocity and the distance between the receiver point and the virtual seismic source point; Based on the target relationship and the non-zero offset travel time, the location data of the virtual seismic source point is determined.

8. The apparatus for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of stratigraphy according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first determining module is specifically used for: Based on the location data of the virtual seismic source point and the location data of the shot point, calculate the location data of the midpoint between the virtual seismic source point and the shot point and the direction vector of the connecting line; Calculate the dip angle and azimuth angle of the target stratum based on the direction vector; Based on the dip angle and orientation angle of the target formation, determine the normal vector of the target formation; Based on the normal vector of the target stratum and the position data of the midpoint between the virtual seismic source point and the shot point, the stratigraphic plane expression of the target stratum is determined.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of the stratigraphy as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the method for determining the spatial distribution characteristics of the stratigraphy as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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